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Jabeen A, Luensmann D, Woods J, Hill JS, Jones L. Evaluation of Lag of Accommodation with Full-Field Diffusion Optics Technology™ (DOT) Contrast Management Spectacle Lenses in Emmetropic Children. Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:1181-1190. [PMID: 38711574 PMCID: PMC11073533 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s453790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the impact on the lag of accommodation (LOA) in emmetropic children after short-term wear of full-field Diffusion Optics TechnologyTM (DOT) spectacle lenses, designed to modulate retinal contrast to control myopia progression. Patients and Methods This was a single-visit, prospective, randomized, subject-masked study of emmetropes (ametropes ±1.00D or less in each meridian) with no history of myopia control treatment. Unaided logMAR visual acuity was measured, and ocular dominance was determined using the sighting method. In a randomized order, participants wore plano full-field contrast management (DOT) spectacles (no clear central aperture) or control spectacles (standard single vision spectacle lenses). Each participant was given 5 minutes for adaptation to the respective lenses before open field autorefraction measurements were taken at 6 meters and 40 cm. Ten measurements were taken for each eye. Data were evaluated from the right eye and the dominant eye separately. Results A total of 30 participants (20 females and 10 males) with a mean age of 10.4 ± 2.8 (7 to 17) years completed the study. There was no significant difference in right eye mean LOA with contrast management spectacles 0.57 ± 0.39D versus control spectacles 0.62 ± 0.34D; Wilcoxon test, p = 0.37. For dominant eyes, LOA values were 0.60 ± 0.40D and 0.68 ± 0.33D with contrast management spectacles and control spectacles, respectively (p = 0.14). Additionally, no significant difference was observed in mean LOA between males and females or between age groups (7-11 years vs 12-17 years) for either right or dominant eyes with contrast management or control spectacles (all p > 0.05). Conclusion Full-field contrast management spectacle lenses had no significant effect on LOA compared to standard single vision spectacle lenses, indicating no differential impact on accommodative response over the short period of lens wear tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiya Jabeen
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Doerte Luensmann
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jill Woods
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Qiu D, Liao Y, Wang Y, Liu K, Jin C, Du F. Impact of Refractive Status on Presbyopia Progression among Patients with Presbyopia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06455-4. [PMID: 38512509 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the impact of refractive status on presbyopia progression among patients with presbyopia. METHODS This retrospective observational study included patients with presbyopia who visited the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and Shenzhen Polytechnic Medical College between May 2018 and August 2022. The amplitude of accommodation (AMP) and near addition power (ADD) at 6 months and 1 year were collected. RESULTS A total of 103 patients with presbyopia were included in this study: 42 patients with myopia, 23 patients with emmetropia, and 38 patients with hyperopia. There were significant differences in ΔAMP(6-month) and ΔADD(6-month) among patients with different refractive statuses, and the values of emmetropic patients and hyperopic patients were higher than in myopic patients (all P < 0.001). The ΔAMP(1-year) and ΔADD(1-year) of hyperopic patients were significantly higher than in emmetropic patients and myopic patients (all P < 0.001). The ΔADD(1-year) of emmetropic patients was greater than in myopic patients (P = 0.045), but there were no significant differences in ΔAMP(1-year) between patients with emmetropia and myopia (P = 0.090). CONCLUSIONS The progression of presbyopia in hyperopic patients was relatively more significant than for emmetropia, followed by myopia. The prescription of presbyopia glasses might need to be replaced more frequently in patients with hyperopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongrong Qiu
- Optometry Technology Major, College of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Youfen Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Optometry Technology Major, College of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Keyou Liu
- Optometry Technology Major, College of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Chenhui Jin
- Optometry Technology Major, College of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Fangfang Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Norazman FNN, Mohd-Ali B, Syed Mohd Dardin SF, Mohamad Shahimin M, Mohamad Fadzil N, Mohd Saman MN, Mohidin N. Baseline Accommodation and Binocular Vision Measures in Malay Schoolchildren Enrolled in the Myopia Control Study Using Spectacle Lenses in Kuala Lumpur. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2024; 16:45-52. [PMID: 38405333 PMCID: PMC10893784 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s432496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Myopia control lenses have been shown to modify visual function; however, it is arguable if these changes are short-term or long-term. We investigated the changes in accommodative behaviour and binocular vision functions of Malay myopic children who participated in a myopia control trial utilising spectacle lenses (n = 40). This article presents baseline accommodation and binocular vision measurements. The mean (± SD) age, spherical equivalent measured by cycloplegic autorefraction, and axial length (AL) for the right eyes were 10.00 ± 1.47 years, -3.02 ± 1.20 D, and 24.42 ± 0.93 mm, respectively. All participants had good distance and near visual acuities with high-contrast charts (100%), which were significantly better than low-contrast charts (10%) (p < 0.001). The mean (± SD) accommodative lag at baseline was 1.14 ± 0.35 D, while monocular and binocular accommodative amplitudes were 15.35 ± 2.07 D and 16.82 ± 2.27 D, respectively. Malay schoolchildren in this study were more esophoric at near compared to distance, with an accommodative-convergence over accommodation (AC/A) ratio of 5.64 ± 0.66 ∆/D. A higher degree of myopia was found to be associated with a longer AL (r = -0.49, p < 0.05) and higher esophoria at near (r = -0.46, p < 0.05). These baseline measures are consistent with data from other studies showing that myopic children have a high accommodative lag, an elevated AC/A ratio, a longer AL, and are more esophoric at near. The measures reported herein will serve as a basis for examining changes that occur within 12 months of wearing myopia control spectacle lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Nur Najwa Norazman
- Optometry and Vision Science Program and Research Centre for Community Health (Reach), Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Optometry Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor, 42300, Malaysia
| | - Bariah Mohd-Ali
- Optometry and Vision Science Program and Research Centre for Community Health (Reach), Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syarifah Faiza Syed Mohd Dardin
- Optometry and Vision Science Program and Research Centre for Community Health (Reach), Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin
- Optometry and Vision Science Program and Research Centre for Community Health (Reach), Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Mohamad Fadzil
- Optometry and Vision Science Program and Research Centre for Community Health (Reach), Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Norhafizun Mohd Saman
- Optometry and Vision Science Program and Research Centre for Community Health (Reach), Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhani Mohidin
- Optometry and Vision Science Program and Research Centre for Community Health (Reach), Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Huang SY, Su HR, Hu YS, Lee CH, Tsai MS, Yeh SM, Chen YY, Tsai TH. Immediate Effects of Vergence Exercises Using Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prisms on Accommodative Lag and Facility. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:3361-3372. [PMID: 37853298 PMCID: PMC10640441 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated novel automatic dual rotational Risley prisms (ADRRPs) as a vergence exercise tool for patients with myopia to improve accommodative lag and accommodative facility. METHODS Participants with myopia aged 20-24 years were recruited. After vergence exercises with prisms (treatment group) or plano lenses (control group) using ADRRPs for 10 min, measurements were taken using an open-field autorefractor (Grand Seiko WAM-5500) at viewing distances of 0.4 m and 6.0 m. We measured accommodative facility using a ± 2.00 D accommodative flipper. RESULTS A total of 56 participants (treatment group, 39; control group, 17) performed vergence exercises using ADRRPs. Participants in the treatment group showed improvements in accommodative lag at a 0.4 m viewing distance, with measurements of 0.57 D (right eye; OD) and 0.53 D (left eye; OS) and 0.21 D (OD) and 0.27 D (OS) before and after the exercises, respectively (p < 0.001). Over-refractions using an open-field autorefractor with spherical equivalent contact lenses at a 6.0 m viewing distance were - 0.01 ± 0.30 D (OD) and 0.03 ± 0.34 D (OS) and 0.15 ± 0.32 D (OD) and 0.19 ± 0.28 D (OS) before and after the exercises, respectively (difference + 0.16 D; p < 0.001). Accommodative facility values before and after exercises were 14.88 ± 3.36 and 15.59 ± 3.60 cpm, respectively (p < 0.01). No significant differences in accommodative lag, relaxation, and accommodative facility before and after exercise were observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Using ADRRPs in vergence exercises can improve accommodative lag, accommodative facility, and accommodative relaxation in adults with myopia. Further research to evaluate persistent and long-term effects is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuan-Yu Huang
- Department of Optometry, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Rong Su
- Ph.D. Program of Electrical and Communications Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shao Hu
- Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shan Tsai
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Min Yeh
- Department of Optometry, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, 515, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yu Chen
- Department of Optometry, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, 515, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsun Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 100225, Taiwan.
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Kwok HY, Kwok HY, Ng TN, Leung TW, Kang BS, Kee CS. Characteristics of ciliary muscle profile in high myopes measured by swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289135. [PMID: 38033137 PMCID: PMC10688841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize and compare the ciliary muscle thickness (CMT) between low and high myopes using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). METHODS Forty visually healthy young Chinese adults aged 18-25 years were divided into two groups based on refractive errors: low myopia (n = 20, spherical-equivalent refractive error (SER) between -0.50 D to -3.00 D) and high myopia (n = 20, SER ≤ -6.00 D). Cycloplegic refractions were performed before axial length (AL) and CMT were measured using a partial coherence laser interferometer and an AS-OCT respectively. CMT was measured perpendicularly to the sclera-ciliary muscle interface at 1 mm (CMT_1), 2 mm (CMT_2), and 3 mm (CMT_3) posterior to the scleral spur, and at the location with maximal thickness (CMT_MAX). RESULTS High myopes demonstrated thicker CMT at 2 mm (CMT_2, p = 0.035) and 3 mm (CMT_3, p = 0.003) posterior to the scleral spur, but thinner maximal CMT (CMT_MAX, p = 0.005) than low myopes. The apical CMT_1 and CMT_MAX were also thinner in high myopes than in low myopes (both p< 0.001). CMT_MAX, apical CMT_1, and apical CMT_MAX correlated directly with SER and inversely with AL; in contrast, CMT_2 and CMT_3 showed inverse correlations with SER but direct correlations with AL. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed significant differences in CMT between low and high myopes, with high myopes showing thicker CMT at 2 mm and 3 mm posterior to the scleral spur, but thinner maximal CMT. These results provide new evidence of the potential structural differences in ciliary muscles during myopia development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Yin Kwok
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hoi Yee Kwok
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tsz Nok Ng
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tsz-wing Leung
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Research Centre for Sharp Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research Limited, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Byung Soo Kang
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research Limited, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chea-su Kee
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Research Centre for Sharp Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research Limited, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Wang B, Watt K, Chen Z, Kang P. Predicting the child who will become myopic - can we prevent onset? Clin Exp Optom 2023; 106:815-824. [PMID: 37194117 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2023.2202306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myopia has become a global epidemic with significant public health impacts. Identifying the child at risk of developing myopia, i.e. the pre-myopic child and implementing strategies to prevent the onset of myopia, could significantly reduce the burden of myopia on an individual and society. This paper is a review of publications that have identified ocular characteristics of children at risk of future myopia development including a lower than age normal amount of hyperopia and accelerated axial length elongation. Risk factors associated with increased risk of myopia development such as education exposure and reduced outdoor time, and strategies that could be implemented to prevent myopia onset in children are also explored. The strong causal role of education and outdoor time on myopia development suggests that lifestyle modifications could be implemented as preventative measures to at-risk children and may significantly impact the myopia epidemic by preventing or delaying myopia onset and its associated ocular health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Wang
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathleen Watt
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pauline Kang
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Di Pierdomenico J, González-González R, Valiente-Soriano FJ, Galindo-Romero C, García-Ayuso D. Attitudes and knowledge of myopia management by Spanish optometrists. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4247-4261. [PMID: 37596425 PMCID: PMC10520101 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the knowledge, training and clinical practice of Spanish optometrists about preventing and controlling myopia progression. METHODS A web-based questionnaire was distributed to Spanish optometrists through social networks, optometric professional bodies and one of the major Spanish optometrists' associations to assess practitioner perception, understanding, and self-reported clinical practice behavior related to myopia diagnosis and management. RESULTS A total of 534 optometrists with a mean age of 40.8 ± 10.3 years completed the survey. Most respondents have been practicing optometry for more than 20 years (89.8%), report having actively treated childhood myopia (82.4%), and are very concerned about the increasing frequency of pediatric myopia in their daily practice (85.3%). Almost all of the respondents (97.3%) agreed that the efficacy of treatment is related to the age at which it is prescribed, and more than half (53.6%) considered a progression higher than - 0.50 and up to - 1.00D as the minimum necessary to consider a myopia management option. Respondents who reported actively managing childhood myopia considered orthokeratology, atropine and soft-defocus contact lenses the most effective myopia control interventions. However, the most frequently prescribed form of myopia correction by Spanish optometrists was single-vision spectacles, followed by orthokeratology and soft-defocus contact lenses. CONCLUSIONS Spanish optometrists are very active in the management of myopia, especially by fitting orthokeratology lenses or dual-focus soft contact lenses for myopia control, but there is still potential for improvement in the methodology they follow for both the diagnosis and management of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Di Pierdomenico
- Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, 30120, Murcia, España
| | | | - Francisco J Valiente-Soriano
- Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, 30120, Murcia, España
| | - Caridad Galindo-Romero
- Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, 30120, Murcia, España
| | - Diego García-Ayuso
- Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
- Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, 30120, Murcia, España.
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Han D, Zhang Z, Li B, Rong H, Song D, Du B, Wei R. Comparison of visual performance and image quality between a myopia-control contact lens and a single-vision contact lens. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2023; 46:101891. [PMID: 37574330 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2023.101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the visual performance and image quality of concentric dual-focus-designed contact lenses (CLs) compared with single-vision CLs in myopic Chinese people. METHODS Twenty myopic volunteers aged between 18 and 26 years were recruited at a university eye hospital to wear both defocus-incorporated soft contact (DISC) lenses and single-vision CLs for 1 week in random order. High- and low-contrast visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), ocular higher-order aberrations (HOA), Strehl ratio and the Quality of Vision (QoV) questionnaire were assessed with each type of CL at weekly follow-up. RESULTS Distance VA was not affected by DISC lenses compared to single-vision CLs in either high (p = 0.414) or low contrast (p = 0.431). However, there was a significant reduction in low-contrast near VA with DISC lenses compared with single-vision CLs (p = 0.011). The differences of CS between DISC lenses and single-vision CLs were significantly associated with lighting conditions and spatial frequencies (F = 128.81, P < 0.001). Compared with single-vision CLs, wavefront aberrations of DISC lenses were significantly increased in total HOA, trefoil, and spherical aberrations for either 3.0 mm or 6.0 mm pupil size. The Strehl ratio wearing DISC lenses reduced significantly compared to the single-vision CLs (p < 0.001) at a pupil diameter of 6.0 mm. QoV scores were higher overall (p = 0.026) and frequency (p = 0.019) with DISC lenses than with single-vision CLs, indicating poorer visual performance. CONCLUSION DISC lenses provide satisfactory distance VA. However, the higher scores of the QoV questionnaire with DISC lenses may be related to decreased CS at medium or high spatial frequencies and increased higher-order aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Bingqin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hua Rong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Desheng Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Bei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China.
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Turull-Mallofré A, García-Guerra CE, Mestre C, Vilaseca M, Pujol J, Aldaba M. Influence of power and the time of application of fogging lenses on accommodation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5488-5498. [PMID: 37854562 PMCID: PMC10581808 DOI: 10.1364/boe.486442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Fogging is a non-invasive technique based on the use of positive spherical power lenses to relax accommodation during refraction that is commonly used as an alternative to cycloplegic drugs. Although the mechanism of the fogging technique has been described, some aspects of its methodology remain unclear. The main purpose of this work was to determine which lens power and time of application are more suitable for achieving a successful relaxation of accommodation by analyzing the changes in accommodation when fogging lenses of different powers were placed in front of the participants' eye for a certain timespan. The results of this analysis showed, in general, that low-power lenses and timespans of less than half a minute provided the highest relaxation of accommodation. However, high inter-subject variability was found in the two variables (power and time).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Turull-Mallofré
- Centre for Sensors, Instruments and Systems Development, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 10, Terrassa, 08222, Spain
| | - Carlos E. García-Guerra
- Centre for Sensors, Instruments and Systems Development, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 10, Terrassa, 08222, Spain
| | - Clara Mestre
- Centre for Sensors, Instruments and Systems Development, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 10, Terrassa, 08222, Spain
| | - Meritxell Vilaseca
- Centre for Sensors, Instruments and Systems Development, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 10, Terrassa, 08222, Spain
| | - Jaume Pujol
- Centre for Sensors, Instruments and Systems Development, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 10, Terrassa, 08222, Spain
| | - Mikel Aldaba
- Centre for Sensors, Instruments and Systems Development, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 10, Terrassa, 08222, Spain
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Liang X, Wei S, Zhao S, Li SM, An W, Sun Y, Bai W, Cai Z, Wang N. Investigation of Choroidal Blood Flow and Thickness Changes Induced by Near Work in Young Adults. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:939-948. [PMID: 37303164 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2222234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research aimed to determine the effects of near work on macular choroidal blood flow and thickness in young adults. METHODS A total of 109 participants (19-28 years old) were recruited from Capital Medical University in China. The participants spent 40 min reading a book text at a distance of 33 cm. Swept-source optical coherence tomography/optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCT/OCTA) was performed to measure the changes in choriocapillaris perfusion area (CCPA) and choroidal thickness (ChT) after 40 min of near work. The SS-OCT/OCTA data covered an area of 6 mm × 6 mm, which centered on the fovea. RESULTS The baseline ChT and CCPA before near work were negatively correlated with AL, while positively correlated with the magnitude of spherical equivalent (p < .001). Total CCPA decreased significantly by 6 mm × 6 mm macular area after near work compared to that before near work (24.26 ± 1.96 vs. 24.63 ± 1.61 mm2, p<.001). The macular ChT was lower after 40 min of reading than that before 40 min of reading, but no significant difference was observed (302.25 ± 77.69 vs. 304.92 ± 79.73 μm, p = .078). The extent of choroidal thinning was significantly positively correlated with the magnitude of CCPA reduction (p < .001). The decline in CCPA after near work was significantly positively correlated with axial length (AL; p < .001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that near work significantly decreased CCPA. The extent of CCPA reduction after near work was associated with higher severity of myopia and choroidal thinning. The baseline CCPA and ChT decreased gradually with AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Liang
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shifei Wei
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Ming Li
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzai An
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Sun
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiling Bai
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhining Cai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hughes RPJ, Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ. Higher order aberrations and retinal image quality during short-term accommodation in myopic and non-myopic children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023. [PMID: 37140840 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the known associations between near work and myopia, and retinal image quality and eye growth, accommodation-induced changes in higher order aberrations (HOA's) and retinal image quality in children with different refractive errors are poorly understood. METHODS Ocular HOA's were measured using a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor (COAS-HD, Wavefront Sciences) in 18 myopic and 18 age- and sex-matched non-myopic children during short-term accommodation tasks (four demands of 0, 3, 6 and 9 D) presented using a Badal optometer. Eighth order Zernike polynomials were fitted across a 2.3 mm pupil diameter to determine refractive power vectors (M, J180 and J45 ) and the accommodation error, and a 4 mm pupil was used for HOA analyses. Retinal image quality was examined using the visual Strehl ratio based on the optical transfer function (VSOTF) for third to eighth radial orders only. RESULTS Most refractive error group differences were observed for the 6 and 9 D demands. Myopic children underwent greater changes in with-the-rule astigmatism (J180 ), higher order and third order RMS values, primary vertical ( C 3 - 1 $$ {C}_3^{-1} $$ ) and horizontal coma ( C 3 1 $$ {C}_3^1 $$ ), and several other individual Zernike coefficients compared with non-myopic children (all refractive error group by demand interaction p-values of ≤0.02). Non-myopic children exhibited a greater negative shift in primary ( C 4 0 $$ {C}_4^0 $$ ) and positive shift in secondary spherical aberration ( C 6 0 $$ {C}_6^0 $$ ) (both refractive error group by demand interaction p-values of ≤0.002). The VSOTF degraded for the 6 and 9 D demands in both groups, but the myopic children underwent a greater mean (SE) reduction from 0 D of -0.274 (0.048) for the 9 D demand, compared with -0.131 (0.052) for the non-myopic children (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION These results may have implications for the association between near work, accommodation and myopia development, particularly related to the use of short working distances during near tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan P J Hughes
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Scott A Read
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael J Collins
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen J Vincent
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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12
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Varnas SR, Kaphle D, Schmid KL, Suheimat M, Atchison DA. Effect of multifocal spectacle lenses on accommodative errors over time: Possible implications for myopia control. J Vis 2023; 23:3. [PMID: 36862107 PMCID: PMC9987164 DOI: 10.1167/jov.23.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The study purpose was to improve understanding of how multifocal spectacle lenses affect accommodative errors and whether this changes over time. Fifty-two myopes aged 18 to 27 years were allocated randomly to one of two progressive addition lens (PAL) types with 1.50 D additions and different horizontal power gradients across the near-periphery boundary. Lags of accommodation were determined with a Grand Seiko WAM-5500 autorefractor and a COAS-HD aberrometer for several near distances with the distance correction and the near PAL correction. For the COAS-HD the neural sharpness (NS) metric was used. Measures were repeated at three-month intervals over 12 months. At the final visit, lags to booster addition powers of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 D were measured. Except at baseline, both PALs' data were combined for analysis. For the Grand Seiko autorefractor, both PALs reduced accommodative lag at baseline compared with SVLs (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 at all distances for PAL 1 and PAL 2, respectively). For the COAS-HD, at baseline PAL 1 reduced accommodative lag at all near distances (p < 0.02), but PAL 2 only at 40 cm (p < 0.02). Lags measured with COAS-HD were greater for shorter target distances with PALs. After 12 months' wear, the PALs no longer reduced accommodative lags significantly, except at 40 cm distance, but 0.50 D and 0.75 D booster adds decreased the lags to those measured at baseline or less. In conclusion, for PALs to reduce accommodative lag effectively, addition power should be tailored to typical working distances and after the first year of wear should be boosted by at least 0.50 D to maintain efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulius R Varnas
- Carl Zeiss Vision Australia Holdings Limited, Adelaide, Australia.,
| | - Dinesh Kaphle
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia.,Discipline of Optometry, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia.,
| | - Katrina L Schmid
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia.,
| | - Marwan Suheimat
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia.,
| | - David A Atchison
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia.,
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Chaurasiya RK, Gupta A. Greater axial elongation associated with low accommodative lag: New insights on accommodative lag theory for myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:284. [PMID: 36573903 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akansha Gupta
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, C L Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, India
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Kohmarn T, Srisurattanamethakul N, Watcharapalakorn A, Poyomtip T, Poolsanam C. Outbreak of COVID-19-Related Myopia Progression in Adults: A Preliminary Study. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2022; 14:125-131. [PMID: 35959467 PMCID: PMC9359493 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s374155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated specific public health measures, resulting in the alteration of lifestyles, such as increased digital screen time and fewer outdoor activities. Such conditions have increased the progression of myopia in children. However, no investigation of myopia progression in early adulthood has been conducted during this period. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the outbreak of COVID-19-related myopia progression among adults at an optometry clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study in which participants aged 18-25 years who first visited (baseline) the optometry clinic between June 2019 and March 2020 were recruited for follow-up from November 2021 to March 2022. Spherical equivalent refraction (SER), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), and binocular cross cylinder (BCC) were recorded at baseline and a follow-up visit. Using questionnaires, a survey was conducted to assess the lifestyle changes that transpired during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS In total, 37 participants with a mean age of 22.5±1.4 years were enrolled, of which 89.2% were female. Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, most participants self-reported increased daily use of digital devices (89.2%), online education (86.5%), and spending more time at home (94.6%), which increased by approximately 7.6±3.2 hours, 5.9±1.7 hours, and 13.2±7.5 hours, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between SER and BCC at baseline and after approximately 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.05). The mean two-year myopia progression was -0.59±0.67 D (Maximum = 0.00 D, Minimum = -3.38 D). CONCLUSION This study revealed that myopia could progress during adulthood among those who have lived under public health measures intended to address the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitika Kohmarn
- Faculty of Optometry, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Teera Poyomtip
- Faculty of Optometry, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
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