1
|
Giraudet CSE, Liu K, McElligott AG, Cobb M. Are children and dogs best friends? A scoping review to explore the positive and negative effects of child-dog interactions. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14532. [PMID: 36570006 PMCID: PMC9774011 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Personal wellbeing is greatly influenced by our childhood and adolescence, and the relationships formed during those phases of our development. The human-dog bond represents a significant relationship that started thousands of years ago. There is a higher prevalence of dog ownership around the world, especially in households including children. This has resulted in a growing number of researchers studying our interactions with dogs and an expanding evidence base from the exploration of child-dog interactions. We review the potential effects of child-dog interactions on the physical, mental, and social wellbeing of both species. A search of the SCOPUS database identified documents published between January 1980 and April 2022. Filtering for key inclusion criteria, duplicate removals, and inspecting the references of these documents for additional sources, we reviewed a total of 393 documents, 88% of which were scientific articles. We were able to define the numerous ways in which children and dogs interact, be it neutral (e.g., sharing a common area), positive (e.g., petting), or negative (e.g., biting). Then, we found evidence for an association between childhood interaction with dogs and an array of benefits such as increased physical activities, a reduction of stress, and the development of empathy. Nonetheless, several detrimental outcomes have also been identified for both humans and dogs. Children are the most at-risk population regarding dog bites and dog-borne zoonoses, which may lead to injuries/illness, a subsequent fear of dogs, or even death. Moreover, pet bereavement is generally inevitable when living with a canine companion and should not be trivialized. With a canine focus, children sometimes take part in caretaking behaviors toward them, such as feeding or going for walks. These represent opportunities for dogs to relieve themselves outside, but also to exercise and socialize. By contrast, a lack of physical activity can lead to the onset of obesity in both dogs and children. Dogs may present greater levels of stress when in the presence of children. Finally, the welfare of assistance, therapy, and free-roaming dogs who may interact with children remains underexplored. Overall, it appears that the benefits of child-dog interactions outweigh the risks for children but not for dogs; determination of the effects on both species, positive as well as negative, still requires further development. We call for longitudinal studies and cross-cultural research in the future to better understand the impact of child-dog interactions. Our review is important for people in and outside of the scientific community, to pediatricians, veterinarians, and current or future dog owners seeking to extend their knowledge, and to inform future research of scientists studying dogs and human-animal interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire S. E. Giraudet
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Animal Health Research Centre, Chengdu Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, China
| | - Alan G. McElligott
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mia Cobb
- Animal Welfare Science Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kalayci O, Miligkos M, Pozo Beltrán CF, El-Sayed ZA, Gómez RM, Hossny E, Le Souef P, Nieto A, Phipatanakul W, Pitrez PM, Xepapadaki P, Jiu-Yao W, Papadopoulos NG. The role of environmental allergen control in the management of asthma. World Allergy Organ J 2022; 15:100634. [PMID: 35341023 PMCID: PMC8917313 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen exposure may exacerbate asthma symptoms in sensitized patients. Allergen reduction or avoidance measures have been widely utilized; however, there is ongoing controversy on the effectiveness of specific allergen control measures in the management of children with asthma. Often, allergen avoidance strategies are not recommended by guidelines because they can be complex or burdensome, although individual patients may benefit. Here we explore the potential for intervention against exposure to the major allergens implicated in asthma (ie, house dust mites, indoor molds, rodents, cockroaches, furry pets, and outdoor molds and pollens), and subsequent effects on asthma symptoms. We critically assess the available evidence regarding the clinical benefits of specific environmental control measures for each allergen. Finally, we underscore the need for standardized and multifaceted approaches in research and real-life settings, which would result in the identification of more personalized and beneficial prevention strategies.
Collapse
|
3
|
A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge on Ownership, Zoonoses and Practices among Pet Owners in Northern Portugal. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123543. [PMID: 34944317 PMCID: PMC8697889 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pet ownership is common in most countries, but few published studies have addressed pet owners’ knowledge of zoonoses, pet contact practices, or awareness of zoonotic disease risks posed by pets. The aim of this study was to assess household knowledge, attitudes, and risks related to pet ownership and zoonoses in northern Portugal. A questionnaire was developed to gather information regarding participants’ demographic characteristics; household pet types and their importance to the family; pet contact-related attitudes; knowledge of zoonoses, high-risk groups, disease transmission pathways, and disease protection measures. It was observed that most participants considered pets an important part of the family. Nevertheless, high-risk practices were recurrent and pet owners’ knowledge was limited. These results reinforce the importance of further studies to better understand the existing gaps in knowledge of pet ownership and zoonoses and strengthens the need to adopt the One Health concept. Abstract Pet ownership is common in modern society. In Portugal, 38% and 31% of all households own at least one dog or cat, respectively. Few studies have ascertained the knowledge of pet owners on pet ownership and zoonoses, and none have been carried out in Portugal. The aim of the present study was to assess household knowledge and practices related to pet ownership and zoonoses in northern Portugal. A face-to-face questionnaire was completed by 424 pet owners, from November 2019 to February 2020. Most respondents (97.2%) considered pets as an important part of the family, especially women (p = 0.036); 73.1% allowed their pets to live an indoor/outdoor life; 41.3% denied sharing the bed with their pets while 29% assumed they did it daily; 20.3% reported never kissing their pets/pets licking their faces. Furthermore, 73.6% considered animals as potential sources of human diseases, but only 25.9% reported knowing the definition of zoonoses; 96.9% considered the role of veterinarians important in protecting public health. The low level of knowledge of pet owners and the occurrence of high-risk behaviors indicates a need to strengthen communication between veterinarians, physicians, pet owners, and the general public towards reduce the risk of acquisition and transmission of zoonoses.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Tan M, Qian X, Li C, Yue L, Liu Y, Shi S. Interaction between early-life pet exposure and methylation pattern of ADAM33 on allergic rhinitis among children aged 3-6 years in China. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2021; 17:44. [PMID: 33933154 PMCID: PMC8088023 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research has pointed out the important roles of epigenetic modifications in the development and persistence of allergic rhinitis (AR), especially in relation to DNA methylation of disease-associated genes. We investigated whether AR susceptibility genes were epigenetically regulated, and whether methylation modulation of these genes in response to early-life environment could be a molecular mechanism underlying the risk for AR onset in a cohort of children aged 3–6 years in China. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were collected from 130 children patients, aged 3–6 years and diagnosed with AR; and 154 matched controls to detect promoter methylation in 25 AR susceptibility genes with the MethylTarget approach. Methylation levels were compared for each CpG site, each amplified region, and each gene. In addition, the relationship among DNA methylation, early-life environmental risk factors and AR onset were assessed. Results Maternal allergic history (P = 0.0390) and pet exposure (P = 0.0339) were significantly associated with increased AR risk. Differential methylation analyses were successfully performed for 507 CpG sites, 34 amplified regions and 17 genes and significant hypomethylation was observed in the promoter region of ADAM33 in AR patients [multiple test-corrected (FDR) P-value < 0.05]. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the hypomethylation of ADAM33 was significantly associated with higher eosinophil counts (Spearman’s ρ: − 0.187, P-value = 0.037). According to the results of the multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for cofounders, the interaction of early-life pet exposure with methylation level of ADAM33 increased the risk for AR onset 1.423 times more in children (95% CI = 0.0290–4.109, P-value = 0.005). Conclusion This study provides evidence that early-life pet exposure and low methylation level of ADAM33 increase AR risk in children, and the interaction between pet exposure and methylation level of ADAM33 may play an important role in the development of AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Meiyu Tan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Qian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Lei Yue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yuehong Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Song Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Management of Pet Allergies in Children in China. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-021-00279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
6
|
Prescott SL. A butterfly flaps its wings: Extinction of biological experience and the origins of allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 125:528-534. [PMID: 32474160 PMCID: PMC7256009 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore links between biodiversity on all scales and allergic disease as a measure of immune dysregulation. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Web of Science were searched using the keywords biodiversity, nature relatedness, allergic disease, microbiome, noncommunicable diseases, coronavirus disease 2019, and associated terms. STUDY SELECTIONS Studies were selected based on relevance to human health and biodiversity. RESULTS Contact with natural environments enriches the human microbiome, promotes regulated immune responses, and protects against allergy and both acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. These important links to ecopsychological constructs of the extinction of experience, which indicates that loss of direct, personal contact with biodiversity (wildlife and the more visible elements of the natural world), might lead to emotional apathy and irresponsible behaviors toward the environment. CONCLUSION The immune system is a useful early barometer of environmental effects and, by means of the microbiome, is a measure of the way in which our current experiences differ from our ancestral past. Although we would benefit from further research, efforts to increase direct, personal contact with biodiversity have clear benefits for multiple aspects of physical and mental health, the skin and gut microbiome, immune function, food choices, sleep, and physical activity and promote environmental responsibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Prescott
- The ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia; inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network, West New York, New Jersey.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gupta S, Hjelmsø MH, Lehtimäki J, Li X, Mortensen MS, Russel J, Trivedi U, Rasmussen MA, Stokholm J, Bisgaard H, Sørensen SJ. Environmental shaping of the bacterial and fungal community in infant bed dust and correlations with the airway microbiota. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:115. [PMID: 32767985 PMCID: PMC7414761 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00895-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From early life, children are exposed to a multitude of environmental exposures, which may be of crucial importance for healthy development. Here, the environmental microbiota may be of particular interest as it represents the interface between environmental factors and the child. As infants in modern societies spend a considerable amount of time indoors, we hypothesize that the indoor bed dust microbiota might be an important factor for the child and for the early colonization of the airway microbiome. To explore this hypothesis, we analyzed the influence of environmental exposures on 577 dust samples from the beds of infants together with 542 airway samples from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2010 cohort. RESULTS Both bacterial and fungal community was profiled from the bed dust. Bacterial and fungal diversity in the bed dust was positively correlated with each other. Bacterial bed dust microbiota was influenced by multiple environmental factors, such as type of home (house or apartment), living environment (rural or urban), sex of siblings, and presence of pets (cat and/or dog), whereas fungal bed dust microbiota was majorly influenced by the type of home (house or apartment) and sampling season. We further observed minor correlation between bed dust and airway microbiota compositions among infants. We also analyzed the transfer of microbiota from bed dust to the airway, but we did not find evidence of transfer of individual taxa. CONCLUSIONS Current study explores the influence of environmental factors on bed dust microbiota (both bacterial and fungal) and its correlation with airway microbiota (bacterial) in early life using high-throughput sequencing. Our findings demonstrate that bed dust microbiota is influenced by multiple environmental exposures and could represent an interface between environment and child. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Gupta
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, bldg. 1, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathis H Hjelmsø
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Jenni Lehtimäki
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Xuanji Li
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, bldg. 1, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin S Mortensen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, bldg. 1, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jakob Russel
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, bldg. 1, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Urvish Trivedi
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, bldg. 1, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten A Rasmussen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Section of Chemometrics and Analytical Technologies, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, bldg. 1, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dog keeping at home before and during pregnancy decreased the risk of food allergy in 1-year-old children. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:255-261. [PMID: 32489363 PMCID: PMC7262798 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2018.80584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The relationship between allergen exposure to animals in pregnancy and the development of allergic symptoms is not clear. Aim To evaluate the association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to pet ownership and development of atopic dermatitis, food allergy and wheezing in children at the age of 1 and 2. Material and methods The mother-child pairs included in this study were part of the Polish Mother and Child Cohort. Mothers in each trimester of pregnancy and 1 year after childbirth have completed a questionnaire on animal exposure. Children's health status was assessed at around one year and two years of age. Results Keeping a dog at home before and during pregnancy (every trimester) decreased the risk of food allergy in the first year of life. On the other hand, keeping any animal other than a dog (cat, hamster, guinea pig, rabbit) before pregnancy and during each trimester separately increased the risk of food allergy in the first year of life of children. Keeping a guinea pig in the first trimester of pregnancy increased the risk of wheezing in the first year of life. The analysis did not show any significant associations between keeping animals at home before and during pregnancy and the occurrence of atopic dermatitis in the second year of life. Conclusions Keeping a dog at home before and during pregnancy decreased the risk of food allergy in 1-year-old children. This effect was eliminated in case of having a cat, hamster, guinea pig, or rabbit.
Collapse
|
9
|
Li C, Chen Q, Zhang X, Li H, Liu Q, Fei P, Huang L, Yao Z. Early Life Domestic Pet Ownership, and the Risk of Pet Sensitization and Atopic Dermatitis in Preschool Children: A Prospective Birth Cohort in Shanghai. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:192. [PMID: 32391295 PMCID: PMC7193020 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although domestic pet ownership is on the rise, the impact of early life pet ownership on children's pet sensitization and atopic dermatitis (AD) remains controversial. Methods: Shanghai Allergy Cohort is an ongoing prospective study followed up to the age of 5 years. Pregnant mothers were recruited and their offspring were followed up every year by a group of pediatricians. Information on furred pet ownership was collected by the questionnaire. AD was diagnosed by dermatologists according to disease history and Williams criteria at 5 years ± 1 months. Skin prick test (SPT) was performed to determine sensitization to specific allergens. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between pet ownership and AD, dog/cat sensitization. Results: In the 538 children at preschool age, 112 (20.82%) were diagnosed with AD. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farina were the most common allergens, and almost 10% of children were positive to dog and cat. The percentage of positive SPT reactors at 5-year old was 65.28% in the group of children with AD, higher than that in non-AD group (44.57%). Domestic pet ownership at both infant and preschool period was positively associated with an increased risk of sensitization to dog (OR adjusted = 2.85 [95% CI: 1.08-7.50 for infant exposure], OR adjusted = 2.73 [95% CI: 1.33-5.61] for preschool exposure), and interestingly, pet ownership at infant period negatively associated with higher risk of AD at 5-year old (OR adjusted = 0.33 [95% CI: 0.12-0.88]). Conclusion: This is the first prospective birth cohort study in Shanghai that found half of preschool children had positive allergen sensitization even in the non-AD children. Although early life exposure to dog may increase the risk of dog sensitization, it significantly decreased the risk of AD. The underlying mechanisms warrant further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaguo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanhua Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisu Huang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gallant MJ, Ellis AK. Prenatal and early-life exposure to indoor air-polluting factors and allergic sensitization at 2 years of age. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 124:283-287. [PMID: 31765814 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that exposures to indoor air-polluting factors during pregnancy and early life can influence childhood allergy development. These exposures have been investigated in singularity; however, the effect of simultaneous exposure to multiple factors remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of prenatal and early-life exposure to 7 air-polluting factors on allergic sensitization at 2 years of age. METHODS Mother-child pairs (n = 108) enrolled in the Kingston Allergy Birth Cohort were followed up from birth to 2 years of age. Exposure to air fresheners, candles, mold, cats, dogs, carpet, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) during the prenatal, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year time points were obtained. A skin prick test (SPT) was performed on both the mother and the 2-year-old child. RESULTS Exposure to candles during the prenatal window, cats during the 6-month window, and ETS at 2 years significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) of a positive SPT result (candles: OR, 5.096; 95% CI, 1.69-13.86; P = .006; cat: OR, 4.267; 95% CI, 1.096-15.68; P = .048; and ETS: OR, 3.78; 95% CI, 1.189-11.18; P = .04). Children with a positive SPT result had significantly more exposures than SPT-negative children (prenatal P = .005, 1-year P = .03, and 2-year P = .008). As the total number of exposures increased, the percentage of SPT-positive children increased (prenatal P = .005, 1-year P = .03, and 2-year P = .01). CONCLUSION We have provided evidence supporting the role of the indoor environment on atopic disease development. The combined effect of multiple exposures may be more influential to allergy development than a single exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallory J Gallant
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Allergy Research Unit, Kingston Health Sciences Centre-Kingston General Hospital site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne K Ellis
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Allergy Research Unit, Kingston Health Sciences Centre-Kingston General Hospital site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Al-Tamprouri C, Malin B, Bill H, Lennart B, Anna S. Cat and dog ownership during/after the first year of life and risk for sensitization and reported allergy symptoms at age 13. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2019; 7:250-257. [PMID: 31464382 PMCID: PMC6842813 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avoidance of pets as a strategy for preventing atopic diseases has been questioned. This study aimed to identify the risk of sensitization and allergic symptoms at age 13 in relation to dog- and cat-keeping during and after the first year of life. METHODS The study included all children born at Östersund Hospital in Northern Sweden between February 1996 and January 1997 (n = 1231). At inclusion, parents were asked to answer questionnaires about lifestyle, including cat- and dog-keeping. Dog allergy, cat allergy, hay fever, and asthma were diagnosed based on parental reported allergic symptoms at 13 years of age (n = 834). The risks of sensitization or allergy in relation to dog- and cat-keeping during and after the first year of life were analyzed with logistic regression. To adjust for reverse causation, all subjects that had reported avoidance of pets due to allergic symptoms of the child or allergy in the family (n = 177) were excluded. RESULTS Dog- or cat-keeping during the first year of life reduced the risk of sensitization to dog or cat allergens, respectively, and to birch and to at least one of the 10 allergens tested. Cat-keeping, both during and after the first year of life, reduced the risk of cat allergy and hay fever. Having a dog at home during the first year of life reduced the risk of dog and cat allergy, whereas dog-keeping after the first year of life did not affect allergic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Cat ownership, either during or after the first year of life, may be a strategy for preventing the development of cat allergy and hay fever later in life. Dog ownership reduced the risk of sensitization to dog and birch allergen, and also the risk of cat and dog allergy, but had no effect on hay fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barman Malin
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hesselmar Bill
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bråbäck Lennart
- Section of Sustainable Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sandin Anna
- Department of Clinical Science, Paediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pyrhönen K, Kulmala P, Näyhä S, Läärä E. Diverse age-incidence patterns of atopic sensitization in an unselected Finnish population up to 12 years. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 122:522-531.e3. [PMID: 30853358 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The temporal sequence in which allergic sensitization to different allergens emerges is not well characterized at the level of general population. OBJECTIVE We describe the incidence patterns of atopic sensitization to different allergens from birth up to 12 years of age in an unselected Finnish population. METHODS The study population comprised all children born between 2001 and 2006 identified from the nationwide population register as residents of the province of South Karelia, Finland (n = 5564). The results of allergy tests (22,380 results from skin prick tests, immunoglobulin E [IgE] antibodies, and open food challenges [OFCs], performed in 1827 children) were collected from patient records of all the health care units in the area. RESULTS The incidence rates of positive results for food and animal allergens as well as positive OFCs for cow's milk showed prominent peaks at 5 months of age. Positive results for pollen allergens started to emerge after 1.5 years of age. The 12-year cumulative incidence of sensitization to food, animal, pollen, and any allergens was 12%, 8%, 10%, and 18%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of sensitization to house dust mites was 1% and to molds or latex less than 1%. Firstborn boys had the highest, and those who were not firstborn girls and children born in rural municipalities had the lowest early incidence of sensitization to inhalation allergens. CONCLUSION In the unselected population, the atopic sensitization against food and animal allergens began before 6 months of age and was followed by sensitization to pollen allergens before 2 years of age. Primary prevention of sensitization to food and inhalation allergens should therefore occur in early infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Pyrhönen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Petri Kulmala
- PEDEGO Research Unit and MRC Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Biomedicine Research Unit, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Simo Näyhä
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Esa Läärä
- Research Unit for Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sitarik A, Havstad S, Levin A, Lynch SV, Fujimura K, Ownby D, Johnson C, Wegienka G. Dog introduction alters the home dust microbiota. INDOOR AIR 2018; 28:539-547. [PMID: 29468742 PMCID: PMC6003855 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Research has largely reported that dog exposure is associated with reduced allergic disease risk. Responsible mechanism(s) are not understood. The goal was to investigate whether introducing a dog into the home changes the home dust microbiota. Families without dogs or cats planning to adopt a dog and those who were not were recruited. Dust samples were collected from the homes at recruitment and 12 months later. Microbiota composition and taxa (V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene) were compared between homes that did and did not adopt a dog. A total of 91 dust samples from 54 families (27 each, dog and no dog; 17 dog and 20 no dog homes with paired samples) were analyzed. A significant dog effect was seen across time in both unweighted UniFrac and Canberra metrics (both P = .008), indicating dog introduction may result in rapid establishment of rarer and phylogenetically related taxa. A significant dog-time interaction was seen in both weighted UniFrac (P < .001) and Bray-Curtis (P = .002) metrics, suggesting that while there may not initially be large relative abundance shifts following dog introduction, differences can be seen within a year. Therefore, dog introduction into the home has both immediate effects and effects that emerge over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
- The in-FLAME Global Network, an affiliate of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093 USA
| | - Suzanne Havstad
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
- The in-FLAME Global Network, an affiliate of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093 USA
| | - Albert Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Susan V. Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kei Fujimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Dennis Ownby
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Christine Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
- The in-FLAME Global Network, an affiliate of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093 USA
| | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
- The in-FLAME Global Network, an affiliate of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dávila I, Domínguez‐Ortega J, Navarro‐Pulido A, Alonso A, Antolín‐Amerigo D, González‐Mancebo E, Martín‐García C, Núñez‐Acevedo B, Prior N, Reche M, Rosado A, Ruiz‐Hornillos J, Sánchez MC, Torrecillas M. Consensus document on dog and cat allergy. Allergy 2018; 73:1206-1222. [PMID: 29318625 DOI: 10.1111/all.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of sensitization to dogs and cats varies by country, exposure time and predisposition to atopy. It is estimated that 26% of European adults coming to the clinic for suspected allergy to inhalant allergens are sensitized to cats and 27% to dogs. This document is intended to be a useful tool for clinicians involved in the management of people with dog or cat allergy. It was prepared from a consensus process based on the RAND/UCLA method. Following a literature review, it proposes various recommendations concerning the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, grounded in evidence and clinical experience. The diagnosis of dog and cat allergy is based on a medical history and physical examination that are consistent with each other and is confirmed with positive results on specific IgE skin tests. Sometimes, especially in polysensitized patients, molecular diagnosis is strongly recommended. Although the most advisable measure would be to avoid the animal, this is often impossible and associated with a major emotional impact. Furthermore, indirect exposure to allergens occurs in environments in which animals are not present. Immunotherapy is emerging as a potential solution to this problem, although further supporting studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. Dávila
- Allergy Department University Hospital of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research IBSAL Salamanca Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - J. Domínguez‐Ortega
- Allergy Department Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid Spain
| | - A. Navarro‐Pulido
- Allergology Clinical Management Unit (UGC) El Tomillar Hospital Sevilla Spain
| | - A. Alonso
- Allergy Department Valladolid Medical Alliance Valladolid Spain
| | - D. Antolín‐Amerigo
- Immune System Diseases Department‐Allergy Unit Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital Madrid Spain
- Department of Medicine and medical specialties (IRYCIS) University of Alcalá Madrid Spain
| | | | | | | | - N. Prior
- Allergy Department Severo Ochoa University Hospital Madrid Spain
| | - M. Reche
- Allergy Department Infanta Sofía Hospital Madrid Spain
| | - A. Rosado
- Allergy Unit Alcorcón Foundation University Hospital Madrid Spain
| | | | - M. C. Sánchez
- Allergy Unit Juan Ramón Jiménez Hospital Huelva Spain
| | - M. Torrecillas
- Allergy Department Albacete University General Hospital Complex Albacete Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luo S, Sun Y, Hou J, Kong X, Wang P, Zhang Q, Sundell J. Pet keeping in childhood and asthma and allergy among children in Tianjin area, China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197274. [PMID: 29768461 PMCID: PMC5955563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to find out the relationship between pet keeping in childhood and asthma and allergy among children aged 0–8 years old in Tianjin, China. Parental or guardians reports of 7360 children were analyzed. 1490 (21.6%) families kept pets at the time of the survey (current), among them 4.0% cats, and 14.7% dogs. For the first year of life of children (early), 1196 (18.4%) families kept pets, and among them 3.2% cats, and 13.7% dogs. Exposure to a pet in early childhood significantly increased the risk of current wheeze, current dry cough, and diagnosed rhinitis. 17.9% of parents reported an avoidance behavior, i.e., had removed or refrained a pet due to asthma or allergy in the family. After adjustment for avoidance behavior, the negative effect of pet keeping on children’s health became even more obvious, with e.g. an AOR of 3.37 (1.58–7.19) for diagnosed asthma, 3.60 (2.07–6.27) for diagnosed rhinitis, 1.92 (1.31–2.81) for diagnosed eczema. A dose-response relationship between pet keeping at current and current wheeze, current eczema and diagnosed eczema was found. In conclusion, pet exposure in early life of children in Tianjin is a risk factor for asthma and allergies among children aged 0–8 years old.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shugang Luo
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jing Hou
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingnan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jan Sundell
- Tianjin Key Lab. of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang MS, Lee SP, Kwon YJ, Lee SM. Dog and Cat Allergies and Allergen Avoidance Measures in Korean Adult Pet Owners Who Participated in a Pet Exhibition. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:155-164. [PMID: 29411556 PMCID: PMC5809764 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study evaluated dog and cat allergies and their association with allergen avoidance measures in Korean adults. Methods The study population consisted of 537 adults who currently kept dogs or cats and participated in a pet exhibition in Korea. The subjects were asked to complete questionnaires regarding pet ownership, allergen avoidance, and allergy symptoms, and underwent skin prick tests. They were considered to have a dog or cat allergy if they suffered from one or more of allergy symptoms during contact with their pets. Results In total, 103 of 407 dog owners (25.3%) and 45 of 130 cat owners (34.6%) had a dog or cat allergy, respectively. Dog owners kept 1.3±1.5 dogs; this number did not differ according to the presence of dog allergy. Dog owners with a dog allergy had owned their dogs longer than those without (88.0±72.0 vs 67.5±72.7 months, P<0.05). Cat owners kept 2.1±3.6 cats; this number did not differ according to the presence of cat allergy, nor did the duration of cat ownership. Cat owners with a cat allergy had facial contact and slept with their cats less frequently (8.6±11.9 vs 18.3±27.0 times/day, P<0.01; 71.1% vs 81.2%, P<0.05); however, they had their cats shaved and beds cleaned less frequently than those without (1.8±3.3 vs 3.2±4.4 times/year, P<0.05; 1.5±1.5 vs 3.9±6.0 times/month, P<0.01). Conclusions Cat owners with a cat allergy tried to minimize contact with their cats, but efforts to avoid indoor cat allergens were lower than those without. In comparison, dog owners with a dog allergy had kept their dogs for longer time than those without; however, current contact with their dogs and allergen avoidance measures did not differ between the 2 groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Suk Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young Jae Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pyrhönen K, Kulmala P, Näyhä S. Coincidence of pollen season with the first fetal trimester together with early pet exposure is associated with sensitization to cat and dog allergens in early childhood: A Finnish population-based study. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 48:306-316. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Pyrhönen
- Center for Life Course Health Research; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - P. Kulmala
- PEDEGO Research Unit and MRC Oulu; University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital; Oulu Finland
- Biomedicine Research Unit; Medical Microbiology and Immunology; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - S. Näyhä
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Breastfeeding and perinatal exposure, and the risk of asthma and allergies. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 16:231-6. [PMID: 27054317 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Exposures during the perinatal period, a phase of rapid development, may have a profound and sustained effect on disease risk. In particular, perinatal exposures may influence the development and maturation of the infant immune system and the risk of allergic disease. We aimed to summarize the current literature on perinatal exposures and the risk of asthma and allergic disease RECENT FINDINGS Increased risk of offspring wheeze or asthma was found for: maternal obesity and hypertension during pregnancy; febrile illness, gynaecological, and viral respiratory infections in pregnancy; exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates in pregnancy and childhood; exposure to smoking in utero; low birth weight; caesarean section and neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. Reduced risk of offspring atopic eczema was found for hookworm infection in pregnancy and reduced risk of offspring wheeze was associated with increased pregnancy dietary intake of vitamin E and zinc. Higher levels of selenium in pregnancy were associated with less risk of asthma in genetically susceptible offspring. Early life pet ownership was associated with a decrease in atopic asthma but an increase in nonatopic asthma risk. SUMMARY A diverse range of exposures were associated with allergic disease risk, highlighting the susceptibility of children during the perinatal period. Clinicians should reinforce public health messages concerning maternal obesity, smoking, and breastfeeding. The infant gut microbiome is emerging as an important hypothesis, which may mediate the relationship between many perinatal exposures and allergic disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee MT, Wu CC, Ou CY, Chang JC, Liu CA, Wang CL, Chuang H, Kuo HC, Hsu TY, Chen CP, Yang KD. A prospective birth cohort study of different risk factors for development of allergic diseases in offspring of non-atopic parents. Oncotarget 2017; 8:10858-10870. [PMID: 28086237 PMCID: PMC5355229 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Allergic diseases are thought to be inherited. Prevalence of allergic diseases has, however, increased dramatically in last decades, suggesting environmental causes for the development of allergic diseases. Objective: We studied risk factors associated with the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma (AS) in children of non-atopic parents in a subtropical country. Methods: In a birth cohort of 1,497 newborns, parents were prenatally enrolled and validated for allergic diseases by questionnaire, physician-verified and total or specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels; 1,236 and 756 children, respectively, completed their 3-year and 6-year follow-up. Clinical examination, questionnaire, and blood samples for total and specific IgE of the children were collected at each follow-up visit. Results: Prevalence of AD, AR and AS was, respectively, 8.2%, 30.8% and 12.4% in children of non-atopic parents. Prevalence of AR (p<.001) and AS (p=.018) was significantly higher in children of parents who were both atopic. A combination of Cesarean section (C/S) and breastfeeding for more than 1 month showed the highest risk for AD (OR=3.111, p=.006). Infants living in homes with curtains and no air filters had the highest risk for AR (OR=2.647, p<.001), and male infants of non-atopic parents living in homes without air filters had the highest risk for AS (OR=1.930, p=.039). Conclusions: Breastfeeding and C/S affect development of AD. Gender, use of curtains and/or air filters affect AR and AS, suggesting that control of the perinatal environment is necessary for the prevention of atopic diseases in children of non-atopic parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsung Lee
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Po-Jen Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Ou
- Department of Pediatrics, Po-Jen Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Chang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-An Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Po-Jen Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Po-Jen Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hau Chuang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yao Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chie-Pein Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - Kuender D Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei.,Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gautier C, Charpin D. Environmental triggers and avoidance in the management of asthma. J Asthma Allergy 2017; 10:47-56. [PMID: 28331347 PMCID: PMC5349698 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s121276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying asthma triggers forms the basis of environmental secondary prevention. These triggers may be allergenic or nonallergenic. Allergenic triggers include indoor allergens, such as house dust mites (HDMs), molds, pets, cockroaches, and rodents, and outdoor allergens, such as pollens and molds. Clinical observations provide support for the role of HDM exposure as a trigger, although avoidance studies provide conflicting results. Molds and their metabolic products are now considered to be triggers of asthma attacks. Pets, dogs, and especially cats can undoubtedly trigger asthmatic symptoms in sensitized subjects. Avoidance is difficult and rarely adhered to by families. Cockroach allergens contribute to asthma morbidity, and avoidance strategies can lead to clinical benefit. Mouse allergens are mostly found in inner-city dwellings, but their implication in asthma morbidity is debated. In the outdoors, pollens can induce seasonal asthma in sensitized individuals. Avoidance relies on preventing pollens from getting into the house and on minimizing seasonal outdoor exposure. Outdoor molds may lead to severe asthma exacerbations. Nonallergenic triggers include viral infections, active and passive smoking, meteorological changes, occupational exposures, and other triggers that are less commonly involved. Viral infection is the main asthma trigger in children. Active smoking is associated with higher asthma morbidity, and smoking cessation interventions should be personalized. Passive smoking is also a risk factor for asthma exacerbation. The implementation of public smoking bans has led to a reduction in the hospitalization of asthmatic children. Air pollution levels have been linked with asthmatic symptoms, a decrease in lung function, and increased emergency room visits and hospitalizations. Since avoidance is not easy to achieve, clean air policies remain the most effective strategy. Indoor air is also affected by air pollutants, such as cigarette smoke and volatile organic compounds generated by building and cleaning materials. Occupational exposures include work-exacerbated asthma and work-related asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Charpin
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergy, North Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pfaar O, Klimek L, Varga EM. Fel d 1 synthetic peptides (Cat-PAD) - Good news for cat owners with children? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2016; 27:666-670. [PMID: 27288980 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Varga
- Respiratory and Allergic Disease Division, Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wegienka G, Havstad S, Kim H, Zoratti E, Ownby D, Woodcroft KJ, Johnson CC. Subgroup differences in the associations between dog exposure during the first year of life and early life allergic outcomes. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 47:97-105. [PMID: 27562398 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of dog exposure on the risk of children developing allergic disease remains controversial. Many analyses have not considered that associations may vary within population subgroups. OBJECTIVE To examine whether associations between living with a dog in the first year of life and allergic outcomes vary within subgroups selected a priori (race, gender and delivery mode). METHODS Black (n = 496) and White (n = 196) children enrolled in the WHEALS birth cohort study had a clinical examination at age 2 years to assess eczema and allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) and perform skin prick testing (SPT). Whether the child lived with an indoor dog in the first year of life was assessed through interview, as was doctor diagnosis of asthma at ages 3-6 years. RESULTS Living with a dog was associated with decreased odds of having ≥ 1 positive SPT (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.91) and having eczema (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.60). The association with SPT was stronger in those children born via caesarean section (c-section) vs. vaginally (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.74 vs. OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.43, 1.37, respectively, interaction P = 0.087) and in those who were firstborn vs. not (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.67 vs. OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.45, 1.47, respectively, interaction P = 0.044). The association with eczema was stronger in children born vaginally compared with those born via caesarean section (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.43 vs. OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.31, 1.35, respectively, interaction P = 0.025) and was stronger in Black vs. White children (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.61 vs. OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.29, 2.11, respectively, interaction P = 0.12). Dog keeping was not significantly inversely associated with having ≥ 1 elevated sIgE and only approached statistical significance with asthma. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results likely vary between studies due to variability of specific exposure-outcome associations in subgroups defined by other factors as well as the relative distributions of those subgroups. Important allergic disorder associations will be missed without subgroup analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - S Havstad
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - H Kim
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - E Zoratti
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - D Ownby
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - K J Woodcroft
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - C C Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Moral L, Toral T. Sensitisation to mites and other animal-derived home aeroallergens in children and its concordance as a measure of covariation of sensitisation. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2016; 44:427-32. [PMID: 27240444 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitisation to home aeroallergens (mites, furry animals and cockroaches) is predominant in patients in our and other areas. Covariation of sensitisation (CS) to these allergens could be due to cross-reactivity or parallel sensitisation. METHODS Skin prick tests were performed to common and second-line home aeroallergens, shrimp and tropomyosin in 253 paediatric patients seen in our Unit due to chronic respiratory symptoms. CS among the main allergens was analysed by means of Cohen's kappa coefficient of concordance (κ). RESULTS House dust mites (HDM) were the main allergens involved in sensitisation, followed by furry animals, pollens, storage mites (SM), moulds and cockroaches. CS was very good between D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae (κ=0.81), and good between Dermatophagoides and Euroglyphus (κ=0.71), and decreased markedly to poor (κ<0.20) between HDM and SM or cockroaches. CS among SM and cockroaches was moderate to fair (κ=0.21-0.44). CS was good between shrimp and tropomyosin (κ=0.62), but null between shrimp-tropomyosin and HDM (κ=0.01-0.02), and poor to fair between shrimp-tropomyosin and SM or cockroaches (κ=0.06-0.34). CS between cat and dog was moderate (κ=0.50). CONCLUSIONS We have shown the usefulness of κ in exploring CS in a population. In our area, with high sensitisation to HDM and other home allergens, CS is limited for most pairs of allergens, pointing to a lower incidence of cross-reactivity than could be expected, especially between HDM and SM or other invertebrates.
Collapse
|