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Wang X, Luo D, Li T, Li Y, Deng S, Rong S. Relationship between dietary diversity and sleep quality: a Chinese community-based study. Sleep Breath 2024; 28:1347-1353. [PMID: 38427221 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-024-03006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the association between dietary diversity and sleep quality among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. METHODS The Lifestyle and Healthy Aging of Chinese Square Dancer Study is a prospective, community-based cohort study that enrolled participants aged 45 years and above from 2020 to 2021. Using the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire to investigate the diets of study participants, and using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality. Dietary diversity was assessed using two scoring methods covering ten food groups and 66 food items, respectively: the dietary diversity score (DDS) and the food variety score (FVS). The higher scores of DDS and FVS indicated greater dietary diversity and higher dietary quality. Logistic regression analysis explored the associations between these scores and sleep quality. RESULTS A total of 2409 individuals with completed information on PSQI and FFQ were included in this study, of whom 767 (31.8%) had poor sleep quality. Participants with higher DDS were associated with an 18% lower odds of poor sleep quality compared to those with low DDS (OR = 0.82, 95% CI, 0.68-0.98). Participants in the highest quartile of the FVS had a 32% lower odds of poor sleep quality than those in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.68, 95% CI, 0.52-0.89). CONCLUSIONS There was a positive correlation between higher FVS and DDS with better sleep quality. Therefore, ensuring a diverse diet may be beneficial for maintaining good sleep quality among middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Research Center of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard, Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Senli Deng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuang Rong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Soares AP, Rodrigues M, Padrão P, Gonçalves C, Moreira A, Moreira P. Association between Urinary Sodium Excretion and Body Fat in School-Aged Children: Insights from the ARIA Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1197. [PMID: 38674887 PMCID: PMC11054948 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has been associated with increased sodium intake. Nonetheless, evidence linking sodium intake to Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Mass Percentage (%BF) remains limited, especially in the pediatric age group. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether there is an association between 24 h urinary sodium excretion with BMI and %BF in a sample group of children from the ARIA study. This cross-sectional analysis included 303 children aged 7 to 12 from across 20 public schools in Porto, Portugal. Weight and %BF were assessed using the Tanita™ BC-418 Segmental Body Analyzer. Children's Total Energy Intake (TEI) was estimated through a single 24 h Recall Questionnaire, and urinary sodium and potassium excretion was estimated by a 24 h urine collection. The association of %BF and BMI with 24 h sodium excretion was estimated by a binary logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, physical activity, total energy intake, parental education, and 24 h urinary excreted potassium. There was a significant positive association between higher levels of urinary sodium excretion and higher %BF values, even after adjusting for confounders. However, the same was not observed for BMI. Our findings suggest that higher sodium intake is associated with higher values of %BF among children, regardless of TEI and potassium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patrícia Soares
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Mónica Rodrigues
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (C.G.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (C.G.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Gonçalves
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (C.G.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (C.G.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Immuno-Allergology Department, São João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (C.G.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
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Antonogeorgos G, Kogias C, Douros K, Panagiotakos D. Greater fruit and vegetables consumption, and adherence to a Mediterranean type of diet reduces the risk for asthma in children; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:4-30. [PMID: 37933707 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2276033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the consumption of fruits, vegetables and adherence to the Mediterranean diet with childhood asthma development and severity. A systematic literature search and synthesis of the results was performed throughout the last two decades. A total of 45 studies were analysed and 392,797 children were included. Greater adherence to a Mediterranean type of diet was inversely associated with asthmatic outcomes (OR:0.71,95% CI:0.54,0.88). Regarding fruits, vegetables consumption, a significant inverse association between increased fruits or vegetable intake and asthma was found (OR:0.82,95% CI:0.77,0.86; 0.84,95% CI:0.77,0.91, respectively). Fruits and vegetables consumption combined was also inversely related to all asthmatic outcomes (OR:0.65,95% CI:0.49,0.78). The level of heterogeneity was moderate-to-high (30%-97%). The present review and meta-analysis show a trend to an inverse association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet or a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables and the occurrence of childhood asthma but with a low level of certainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Antonogeorgos
- Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kogias
- Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Douros
- Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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Zhang J, He M, Yu Q, Xiao F, Zhang Y, Liang C. The Effects of a Healthy Diet on Asthma and Wheezing in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Asthma Allergy 2023; 16:1007-1024. [PMID: 37780080 PMCID: PMC10541225 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s423884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a public health problem requiring focused attention. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the association between dietary structure and asthma or wheezing in children. Methods The study protocol of this meta-analysis has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with the registration code CRD42023390191. A total of 8397 articles were retrieved, searching PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases as of November 21, 2022. Two independent authors were responsible for independently conducting the literature screening process. Effect-size estimates were expressed as odds ratio (OR) in cross-sectional studies and risk ratio (RR) in cohort studies with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Summary effect estimates were evaluated with random-effect models. Meanwhile, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the potential sources of heterogeneity and the robustness of the pooled estimation. Results A total of 65 studies, including 567,426 subjects had been analyzed. Overall analyses of cross-sectional studies revealed that a healthy diet was protective against asthma (adjusted OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.80-0.89, P <0.001, I2=69.8%, Tau2=0.026) and wheezing (adjusted OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.81-0.89, P <0.001, I2=66.8%, Tau2=0.015) in children and adolescents. Conversely, unhealthy diets can exacerbate asthma (adjusted OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.20-1.36, P <0.001, I2=64.9%, Tau2=0.019) and wheeze (adjusted OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.16, P =0.006, I2=75.2%, Tau2=0.023) in children and adolescents. The same trend was found in cohort studies (adjusted RR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.58-0.90, P =0.003, I2=83.5%, Tau2=0.105). A clear trend was observed between high-frequency healthy diets (OR=0.80; 95% CI: 0.71-0.89; P <0.001) is more protective against asthma than low-frequency healthy diets (OR=0.81; 95% CI: 0.70-0.94; P =0.007). Conclusion Our findings highlight the protective effects of a healthy diet on asthma and wheezing in children, including fruit, seafood, cereals, and the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyang He
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiduo Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Rodrigues M, de Castro Mendes F, Padrão P, Delgado L, Barros R, Rufo JC, Silva D, Moreira A, Moreira P. Does the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Promote Lower Sodium Urinary Excretion in Children? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1478. [PMID: 37761439 PMCID: PMC10528990 DOI: 10.3390/children10091478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
An adequate sodium intake is related to various health benefits. Parallelly, the Mediterranean diet (MD) is a dietary pattern known for its many positive impacts on health. Nonetheless, the association between adherence to the MD and sodium urinary excretion is scarce, even more in children. This study aimed to assess the association between MD adherence and the excretion of sodium, as a proxy of intake. This cross-sectional analysis comprised 295 children (46.8% females, aged 7-11 years, mean age: 8.53 ± 0.73 years) from 20 schools within Porto, Portugal. MD adherence was evaluated utilizing the alternate Mediterranean score (aMED). Higher scores denote a healthier dietary pattern (0-8). Sodium excretion was estimated by 24-h urine collection. The association between adherence to MD and Na excretion was estimated by logistic regression, adjusting for confounders. Children in the higher sodium excretion group had a higher intake of legumes, a higher body mass index and parents with lower education levels compared to children in the lower sodium excretion group. In logistic regression analysis, sodium urinary excretion was not associated with higher MD adherence, even after adjustment for confounders. High MD adherence could not be associated with lower sodium excretion in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rodrigues
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (P.P.); (R.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Francisca de Castro Mendes
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (P.P.); (R.B.); (A.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Immuno-Allergology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS@RISE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Barros
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (P.P.); (R.B.); (A.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Silva
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (P.P.); (R.B.); (A.M.)
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Immuno-Allergology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (P.P.); (R.B.); (A.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
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Rodrigues M, de Castro Mendes F, Padrão P, Delgado L, Paciência I, Barros R, Rufo JC, Silva D, Moreira A, Moreira P. Mediterranean Diet and Airway Inflammation in School-Aged Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1305. [PMID: 37628304 PMCID: PMC10453938 DOI: 10.3390/children10081305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
There seems to exist an intricate relationship between airway inflammation, body mass index (BMI), and diet. The intake of specific foods or food groups has been suggested to suppress the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes that characterize airway inflammation, but little is known about dietary patterns and their complex interplay with BMI and airway inflammation. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), a characteristic European diet, and levels of airway inflammation in school-aged children, taking into account their BMI. This cross-sectional analysis comprised 660 children: 49.1% females, 7-12 years old. Adherence to the MD was assessed through the alternate Mediterranean score (aMED). Higher scores represent a healthier diet (0-8). Airway inflammation was assessed measuring exhaled fractional nitric oxide (eNO). Two categories of BMI were considered: non-overweight/non-obese (p < 85th) and overweight/obese (p ≥ 85th). The associations between diet and airway inflammation were estimated using logistic regression models. Higher scores of the aMED were associated with decreased odds of having eNO ≥ 35 ppb, but only in non-overweight/non-obese children (OR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.97). For overweight/obese children, the previous association was not significant (OR = 1.57, 95% CI, 0.88-2.79). Our findings suggest that adherence to the MD is associated with lower levels of airway inflammation among non-overweight/non-obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rodrigues
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Francisca de Castro Mendes
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.); (P.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Luís Delgado
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Immuno-Allergology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS@RISE) , Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Paciência
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), Population Health, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Renata Barros
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.); (P.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Diana Silva
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - André Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.); (P.M.)
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
- Immuno-Allergology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.); (P.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
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Diet Quality and Exhaled Breath Condensate Markers in a Sample of School-Aged Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020263. [PMID: 36832392 PMCID: PMC9954902 DOI: 10.3390/children10020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis is a recently developed, non-invasive method used to identify and quantify biomarkers, mainly those coming from the lower respiratory tract. It seems that diet can influence the airway's inflammation and change the exhaled breath composition. This study aimed to assess the association between diet quality intake and markers in EBC among school-aged children. A cross-sectional analysis included 150 children (48.3% females, aged 7-12 years, mean age: 8.7 ± 0.8 years) from 20 schools across Porto, Portugal. We assessed diet quality through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, which was estimated based on a single 24 h food recall questionnaire. EBC samples were collected, and we assessed their ionic content (Na+, K+) and conductivity. The association between diet quality and Na+, K+, Na+/K+ ratio and conductivity was estimated using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. After adjustment, a higher quality diet score increases the odds of higher conductivity values of the EBC (aOR = 1.04, 95%CI 1.00; 1.08). Our findings suggest that a higher diet quality in school-aged children is associated with higher conductivity levels of the EBC.
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Oxidative Stress, Environmental Pollution, and Lifestyle as Determinants of Asthma in Children. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010133. [PMID: 36671825 PMCID: PMC9856068 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke, allergens, viruses, and other environmental contaminants, as well as a detrimental lifestyle, are the main factors supporting elevated levels of airway oxidative stress. Elevated oxidative stress results from an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and efficiency in antioxidant defense systems. Uncontrolled increased oxidative stress amplifies inflammatory processes and tissue damage and alters innate and adaptive immunity, thus compromising airway homeostasis. Oxidative stress events reduce responsiveness to corticosteroids. These events can increase risk of asthma into adolescence and prompt evolution of asthma toward its most severe forms. Development of new therapies aimed to restore oxidant/antioxidant balance and active interventions aimed to improve physical activity and quality/quantity of food are all necessary strategies to prevent asthma onset and avoid in asthmatics evolution toward severe forms of the disease.
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Dietary Acid Load Modulation of Asthma-Related miRNAs in the Exhaled Breath Condensate of Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061147. [PMID: 35334803 PMCID: PMC8949211 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual nutrients and bioactive compounds have been implicated in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are related to inflammation and asthma. However, evidence about the impact of diet is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between dietary acid load and asthma-related miRNA in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of school-aged children. This cross-sectional analysis included 150 participants aged 7 to 12 years (52% girls) from a nested case–control study, which randomly selected 186 children attending 71 classrooms from 20 public schools located in city of Porto, Portugal. Dietary data were collected by one 24 h-recall questionnaire. Dietary acid load was assessed using the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores. Based on previous studies, eleven asthma-related miRNAs were chosen and analyzed in EBC by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR. PRAL, NEAP and miRNAs were categorized as high or low according to the median. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between dietary acid load scores and miRNAs. Children in high dietary acid load groups (PRAL ≥ 14.43 and NEAP ≥ 55.79 mEq/day) have significantly increased odds of having high miR-133a-3p levels. In conclusion, higher dietary acid loads possibly modulate asthma-related miRNAs of school-aged children.
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Sdona E, Ekström S, Andersson N, Hallberg J, Rautiainen S, Håkansson N, Wolk A, Kull I, Melén E, Bergström A. Fruit, vegetable and dietary antioxidant intake in school age, respiratory health up to young adulthood. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 52:104-114. [PMID: 34549838 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary antioxidants may protect the lung against oxidative damage and prevent chronic respiratory disease. We aimed to investigate fruit, vegetable and antioxidant intake (measured as total antioxidant capacity, TAC) at age 8 years in relation to asthma and lung function up to 24 years. METHODS In this study of 2506 participants from a Swedish birth cohort, diet was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. Information on asthma was collected by questionnaires, and lung function was measured by spirometry at ages 8, 16 and 24 years. Generalized estimating equations and mixed effect models were used to assess overall, age- and sex-specific associations. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, a higher fruit intake at age 8 years was associated with a tendency to reduced odds of prevalent asthma (T3 vs. T1, OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.60-1.01, p-trend .083), with reduced odds of incident asthma and increased odds of remittent asthma (≥median, OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.58-0.99 and OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.05-2.42, respectively) up to 24 years. Comparable, but non-significant, odds ratios were observed in analyses of long-term fruit intake (mean intake at ages 8 and 16 years). In contrast, no association was observed with vegetable intake. A higher dietary TAC (T3 vs. T1) at 8 years was associated with reduced odds of prevalent asthma (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.58-0.93, p-trend .010) and improved lung function development (FEV1 -z +0.11; 95% CI 0.01-0.21, p-trend .036 and FVC-z +0.09; 95% CI -0.01-0.20, p-trend .072) up to 24 years. Associations were more pronounced among males, and regarding asthma, participants sensitized to aeroallergens. CONCLUSIONS Antioxidant intake in school age may improve asthma and lung function up to young adulthood. Although our results should be interpreted with caution, they emphasize the importance of following current dietary guidelines regarding consumption of antioxidant-rich foods as part of a balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Sdona
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Ekström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Andersson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hallberg
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Rautiainen
- Global and Sexual Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Astrid Lindgrens Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inger Kull
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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Increasing Vegetable Diversity Consumption Impacts the Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in School-Aged Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051456. [PMID: 33922948 PMCID: PMC8146093 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence about the impact of vegetable and fruit diversity consumption on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning is scarce. In this cross-sectional study (513 participants, 49.9% girls aged 7 to 12 years), we evaluated the association between vegetable and fruit diversity consumption and the ANS in school-aged children. Dietary intake was collected using a single 24-h recall questionnaire. Fruit and vegetable diversity consumption was estimated by summing up all the different individual vegetables and fruits consumed in one day. Pupillometry was used to assess pupillary light response, which evaluated the ANS activity. Adjusted linear regressions estimated the association between vegetable and fruit diversity consumption with pupillary light response measures. There was a positive and significant association between vegetable diversity consumption and the average dilation velocity, a measure related to the sympathetic nervous system activity (β-coefficient = 0.03, 95%CI: 0.002; 0.07). Our findings show that vegetable diversity consumption is associated with the ANS response, a possible early link between diet and health in school-aged children.
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12
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Ma Y, Li R, Zhan W, Huang X, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Tian H, Zhu H, Yin B. Associations Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Sex Hormones Among 6- to 19-Year-Old Children and Adolescents in NHANES 2015-2016. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:792114. [PMID: 35082755 PMCID: PMC8784841 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.792114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and sex steroids in children (6-11 years old) and adolescents (12-19 years old) in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015-2016. METHODS Participants between the ages of 6-19 have 24-hour dietary intake data, serum sex hormones [total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2)], and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) available data (n = 1382). The free androgen index (FAI) is calculated as TT divided by SHBG and the ratio of TT to E2 (TT/E2). The constructed puberty state is defined as high levels of steroid hormones (TT≥50 ng/dL in men, E2≥20 pg/ml in women) or onset of menarche. Multiple linear regression analysis was stratified by gender-age and gender-pubertal status groups to evaluate the association between DII and sex hormone levels. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, the association between consecutive DII and sex hormone indicators by gender and age group. In male adolescents, DII was always negatively associated with TT (P-trend = 0.09), FAI (P-trend = 0.03) and E2 (P-trend = 0.01), and monotonically positively associated with SHBG (P-trend = 0.02).In female adolescents, with the increase of DII, a significant positive correlation with SHBG was observed (β 0.017, 95%CI: 0.009,0.053) (Table 3). Among female adolescents, a significant negative association between DII and TT and a significant positive association between SHBG were observed in this group. Moreover, DII was positively associated with SHBG of prepubertal males and negatively associated with FAI of prepubertal females. CONCLUSIONS DII was associated with decreased levels of certain sex steroid hormones (TT, FAI, and E2) and increased levels of SHBG in adolescents or pubertal individuals, with the associations presenting somewhat sex-dependent pattern. However, there is little evidence that there is a significant association in children or prepubertal children. Further research needs to be carried out to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Yuxia Ma,
| | - Ruiqiang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yutian Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huichen Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bowen Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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