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Bellasio C, Ermakova M. Reduction of bundle sheath size boosts cyclic electron flow in C 4 Setaria viridis acclimated to low light. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1223-1237. [PMID: 35866447 PMCID: PMC9545969 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
When C4 leaves are exposed to low light, the CO2 concentration in the bundle sheath (BS) cells decreases, causing an increase in photorespiration relative to assimilation, and a consequent reduction in biochemical efficiency. These effects can be mitigated by complex acclimation syndromes, which are of primary importance for crop productivity but are not well studied. We unveil an acclimation strategy involving the coordination of electron transport processes. First, we characterize the anatomy, gas exchange and electron transport of C4 Setaria viridis grown under low light. Through a purposely developed biochemical model, we resolve the photon fluxes and reaction rates to explain how the concerted acclimation strategies sustain photosynthetic efficiency. Our results show that a smaller BS in low-light-grown plants limited leakiness (the ratio of CO2 leak rate out of the BS over the rate of supply via C4 acid decarboxylation) but sacrificed light harvesting and ATP production. To counter ATP shortage and maintain high assimilation rates, plants facilitated light penetration through the mesophyll and upregulated cyclic electron flow in the BS. This shade tolerance mechanism, based on the optimization of light reactions, is possibly more efficient than the known mechanisms involving the rearrangement of carbon metabolism, and could potentially lead to innovative strategies for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bellasio
- Department of BiologyUniversity of the Balearic Islands07122PalmaIlles BalearsSpain
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityActonACT2601Australia
| | - Maria Ermakova
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityActonACT2601Australia
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2
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Calderan-Rodrigues MJ, de Barros Dantas LL, Cheavegatti Gianotto A, Caldana C. Applying Molecular Phenotyping Tools to Explore Sugarcane Carbon Potential. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:637166. [PMID: 33679852 PMCID: PMC7935522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.637166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), a C4 grass, has a peculiar feature: it accumulates, gradient-wise, large amounts of carbon (C) as sucrose in its culms through a complex pathway. Apart from being a sustainable crop concerning C efficiency and bioenergetic yield per hectare, sugarcane is used as feedstock for producing ethanol, sugar, high-value compounds, and products (e.g., polymers and succinate), and bioelectricity, earning the title of the world's leading biomass crop. Commercial cultivars, hybrids bearing high levels of polyploidy, and aneuploidy, are selected from a large number of crosses among suitable parental genotypes followed by the cloning of superior individuals among the progeny. Traditionally, these classical breeding strategies have been favoring the selection of cultivars with high sucrose content and resistance to environmental stresses. A current paradigm change in sugarcane breeding programs aims to alter the balance of C partitioning as a means to provide more plasticity in the sustainable use of this biomass for metabolic engineering and green chemistry. The recently available sugarcane genetic assemblies powered by data science provide exciting perspectives to increase biomass, as the current sugarcane yield is roughly 20% of its predicted potential. Nowadays, several molecular phenotyping tools can be applied to meet the predicted sugarcane C potential, mainly targeting two competing pathways: sucrose production/storage and biomass accumulation. Here we discuss how molecular phenotyping can be a powerful tool to assist breeding programs and which strategies could be adopted depending on the desired final products. We also tackle the advances in genetic markers and mapping as well as how functional genomics and genetic transformation might be able to improve yield and saccharification rates. Finally, we review how "omics" advances are promising to speed up plant breeding and reach the unexplored potential of sugarcane in terms of sucrose and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Camila Caldana
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: Camila Caldana,
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3
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Newkirk GM, de Allende P, Jinkerson RE, Giraldo JP. Nanotechnology Approaches for Chloroplast Biotechnology Advancements. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:691295. [PMID: 34381480 PMCID: PMC8351593 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.691295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms are sources of sustainable foods, renewable biofuels, novel biopharmaceuticals, and next-generation biomaterials essential for modern society. Efforts to improve the yield, variety, and sustainability of products dependent on chloroplasts are limited by the need for biotechnological approaches for high-throughput chloroplast transformation, monitoring chloroplast function, and engineering photosynthesis across diverse plant species. The use of nanotechnology has emerged as a novel approach to overcome some of these limitations. Nanotechnology is enabling advances in the targeted delivery of chemicals and genetic elements to chloroplasts, nanosensors for chloroplast biomolecules, and nanotherapeutics for enhancing chloroplast performance. Nanotechnology-mediated delivery of DNA to the chloroplast has the potential to revolutionize chloroplast synthetic biology by allowing transgenes, or even synthesized DNA libraries, to be delivered to a variety of photosynthetic species. Crop yield improvements could be enabled by nanomaterials that enhance photosynthesis, increase tolerance to stresses, and act as nanosensors for biomolecules associated with chloroplast function. Engineering isolated chloroplasts through nanotechnology and synthetic biology approaches are leading to a new generation of plant-based biomaterials able to self-repair using abundant CO2 and water sources and are powered by renewable sunlight energy. Current knowledge gaps of nanotechnology-enabled approaches for chloroplast biotechnology include precise mechanisms for entry into plant cells and organelles, limited understanding about nanoparticle-based chloroplast transformations, and the translation of lab-based nanotechnology tools to the agricultural field with crop plants. Future research in chloroplast biotechnology mediated by the merging of synthetic biology and nanotechnology approaches can yield tools for precise control and monitoring of chloroplast function in vivo and ex vivo across diverse plant species, allowing increased plant productivity and turning plants into widely available sustainable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Newkirk
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Pedro de Allende
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Robert E. Jinkerson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Giraldo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Juan Pablo Giraldo,
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Lu H, Yuan G, Strauss SH, Tschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, Chen JG, Yang X. Reconfiguring Plant Metabolism for Biodegradable Plastic Production. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2020; 2020:9078303. [PMID: 37849903 PMCID: PMC10530661 DOI: 10.34133/2020/9078303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, plants have been the subject of genetic engineering to synthesize novel, value-added compounds. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a large class of biodegradable biopolymers naturally synthesized in eubacteria, are among the novel products that have been introduced to make use of plant acetyl-CoA metabolic pathways. It was hoped that renewable PHA production would help address environmental issues associated with the accumulation of nondegradable plastic wastes. However, after three decades of effort synthesizing PHAs, and in particular the simplest form polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and seeking to improve their production in plants, it has proven very difficult to reach a commercially profitable rate in a normally growing plant. This seems to be due to the growth defects associated with PHA production and accumulation in plant cells. Here, we review major breakthroughs that have been made in plant-based PHA synthesis using traditional genetic engineering approaches and discuss challenges that have been encountered. Then, from the point of view of plant synthetic biology, we provide perspectives on reprograming plant acetyl-CoA pathways for PHA production, with the goal of maximizing PHA yield while minimizing growth inhibition. Specifically, we suggest genetic elements that can be considered in genetic circuit design, approaches for nuclear genome and plastome modification, and the use of multiomics and mathematical modeling in understanding and restructuring plant metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Lu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Steven H. Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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5
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Lu H, Gordon MI, Amarasinghe V, Strauss SH. Extensive transcriptome changes during seasonal leaf senescence in field-grown black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Nisqually-1). Sci Rep 2020; 10:6581. [PMID: 32313054 PMCID: PMC7170949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the molecular control of leaf senescence, we examined transcriptome changes during seasonal leaf senescence in Populus trichocarpa Nisqually-1, the Populus reference genome, growing in its natural habitat. Using monthly (from May to October) transcriptomes for three years (2009, 2015, and 2016), we identified 17,974 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; false discovery rate <0.05; log-fold change cutoff = 0) from 36,007 expressed Populus gene models. A total of 14,415 DEGs were directly related to transitions between four major developmental phases – growth, senescence initiation, reorganization, and senescence termination. These DEGs were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in 279 gene ontology (GO) terms, including those related to photosynthesis, metabolic process, catalytic activity, protein phosphorylation, kinase activity, pollination, and transport. Also, there were 881 differentially expressed transcription factor (TF) genes from 54 TF families, notably bHLH, MYB, ERF, MYB-related, NAC, and WRKY. We also examined 28 DEGs known as alternative splicing (AS) factors that regulate AS process, and found evidence for a reduced level of AS activity during leaf senescence. Furthermore, we were able to identify a number of promoter sequence motifs associated with leaf senescence. This work provides a comprehensive resource for identification of genes involved in seasonal leaf senescence in trees, and informs efforts to explore the conservation and divergence of molecular mechanisms underlying leaf senescence between annual and perennial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Lu
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael I Gordon
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Vindhya Amarasinghe
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
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6
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Bellasio C. A generalised dynamic model of leaf-level C 3 photosynthesis combining light and dark reactions with stomatal behaviour. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 141:99-118. [PMID: 30471008 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Global food demand is rising, impelling us to develop strategies for improving the efficiency of photosynthesis. Classical photosynthesis models based on steady-state assumptions are inherently unsuitable for assessing biochemical and stomatal responses to rapid variations in environmental drivers. To identify strategies to increase photosynthetic efficiency, we need models that account for the timing of CO2 assimilation responses to dynamic environmental stimuli. Herein, I present a dynamic process-based photosynthetic model for C3 leaves. The model incorporates both light and dark reactions, coupled with a hydro-mechanical model of stomatal behaviour. The model achieved a stable and realistic rate of light-saturated CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance. Additionally, it replicated complete typical assimilatory response curves (stepwise change in CO2 and light intensity at different oxygen levels) featuring both short lag times and full photosynthetic acclimation. The model also successfully replicated transient responses to changes in light intensity (light flecks), CO2 concentration, and atmospheric oxygen concentration. This dynamic model is suitable for detailed ecophysiological studies and has potential for superseding the long-dominant steady-state approach to photosynthesis modelling. The model runs as a stand-alone workbook in Microsoft® Excel® and is freely available to download along with a video tutorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bellasio
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
- University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain.
- Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy.
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Abstract
Population growth, climate change, and dwindling finite resources are amongst the major challenges which are facing the planet. Requirements for food, materials, water, and energy will soon exceed capacity. Green biotechnology, fueled by recent plant synthetic biology breakthroughs, may offer solutions. This review summarizes current progress towards robust and predictable engineering of plants. I then discuss applications from the lab and field, with a focus on bioenergy, biomaterials, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C Mortimer
- 1 Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,2 Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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8
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Gomes de Oliveira Dal'Molin C, Quek LE, Saa PA, Palfreyman R, Nielsen LK. From reconstruction to C 4 metabolic engineering: A case study for overproduction of polyhydroxybutyrate in bioenergy grasses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 273:50-60. [PMID: 29907309 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The compartmentalization of C4 plants increases photosynthetic efficiency, while constraining how material and energy must flow in leaf tissues. To capture this metabolic phenomenon, a generic plant metabolic reconstruction was replicated into four connected spatiotemporal compartments, namely bundle sheath (B) and mesophyll (M) across the day and night cycle. The C4 leaf model was used to explore how amenable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production is with these four compartments working cooperatively. A strategic pattern of metabolite conversion and exchange emerged from a systems-level network that has very few constraints imposed; mainly the sequential two-step carbon capture in mesophyll, then bundle sheath and photosynthesis during the day only. The building of starch reserves during the day and their mobilization during the night connects day and night metabolism. Flux simulations revealed that PHB production did not require rerouting of metabolic pathways beyond what is already utilised for growth. PHB yield was sensitive to photoassimilation capacity, availability of carbon reserves, ATP maintenance, relative photosynthetic activity of B and M, and type of metabolites exchanged in the plasmodesmata, but not sensitive towards compartmentalization. Hence, the compartmentalization issues currently encountered are likely to be kinetic or thermodynamic limitations rather than stoichiometric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Gomes de Oliveira Dal'Molin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Pedro A Saa
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Casilla 306, Correo 22, Chile; Mathomics, Center for Mathematical Modeling, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robin Palfreyman
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lars Keld Nielsen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, The Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
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9
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Bellasio C. A generalized stoichiometric model of C3, C2, C2+C4, and C4 photosynthetic metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:269-282. [PMID: 27535993 PMCID: PMC5853385 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The goal of suppressing photorespiration in crops to maximize assimilation and yield is stimulating considerable interest among researchers looking to bioengineer carbon-concentrating mechanisms into C3 plants. However, detailed quantification of the biochemical activities in the bundle sheath is lacking. This work presents a general stoichiometric model for C3, C2, C2+C4, and C4 assimilation (SMA) in which energetics, metabolite traffic, and the different decarboxylating enzymes (NAD-dependent malic enzyme, NADP-dependent malic enzyme, or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) are explicitly included. The SMA can be used to refine experimental data analysis or formulate hypothetical scenarios, and is coded in a freely available Microsoft Excel workbook. The theoretical underpinnings and general model behaviour are analysed with a range of simulations, including (i) an analysis of C3, C2, C2+C4, and C4 in operational conditions; (ii) manipulating photorespiration in a C3 plant; (iii) progressively upregulating a C2 shuttle in C3 photosynthesis; (iv) progressively upregulating a C4 cycle in C2 photosynthesis; and (v) manipulating processes that are hypothesized to respond to transient environmental inputs. Results quantify the functional trade-offs, such as the electron transport needed to meet ATP/NADPH demand, as well as metabolite traffic, inherent to different subtypes. The SMA refines our understanding of the stoichiometry of photosynthesis, which is of paramount importance for basic and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bellasio
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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10
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Bellasio C, Lundgren MR. Anatomical constraints to C4 evolution: light harvesting capacity in the bundle sheath. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:485-496. [PMID: 27375085 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In C4 photosynthesis CO2 assimilation and reduction are typically coordinated across mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells, respectively. This system consequently requires sufficient light to reach BS to generate enough ATP to allow ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration in BS. Leaf anatomy influences BS light penetration and therefore constrains C4 cycle functionality. Using an absorption scattering model (coded in Excel, and freely downloadable) we simulate light penetration profiles and rates of ATP production in BS across the C3 , C3 -C4 and C4 anatomical continua. We present a trade-off for light absorption between BS pigment concentration and space allocation. C3 BS anatomy limits light absorption and benefits little from high pigment concentrations. Unpigmented BS extensions increase BS light penetration. C4 and C3 -C4 anatomies have the potential to generate sufficient ATP in the BS, whereas typical C3 anatomy does not, except some C3 taxa closely related to C4 groups. Insufficient volume of BS, relative to M, will hamper a C4 cycle via insufficient BS light absorption. Thus, BS ATP production and RuBP regeneration, coupled with increased BS investments, allow greater operational plasticity. We propose that larger BS in C3 lineages may be co-opted for C3 -C4 and C4 biochemistry requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bellasio
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Marjorie R Lundgren
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Bellasio C, Beerling DJ, Griffiths H. Deriving C4 photosynthetic parameters from combined gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence using an Excel tool: theory and practice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1164-79. [PMID: 26286697 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The higher photosynthetic potential of C4 plants has led to extensive research over the past 50 years, including C4 -dominated natural biomes, crops such as maize, or for evaluating the transfer of C4 traits into C3 lineages. Photosynthetic gas exchange can be measured in air or in a 2% Oxygen mixture using readily available commercial gas exchange and modulated PSII fluorescence systems. Interpretation of these data, however, requires an understanding (or the development) of various modelling approaches, which limit the use by non-specialists. In this paper we present an accessible summary of the theory behind the analysis and derivation of C4 photosynthetic parameters, and provide a freely available Excel Fitting Tool (EFT), making rigorous C4 data analysis accessible to a broader audience. Outputs include those defining C4 photochemical and biochemical efficiency, the rate of photorespiration, bundle sheath conductance to CO2 diffusion and the in vivo biochemical constants for PEP carboxylase. The EFT compares several methodological variants proposed by different investigators, allowing users to choose the level of complexity required to interpret data. We provide a complete analysis of gas exchange data on maize (as a model C4 organism and key global crop) to illustrate the approaches, their analysis and interpretation. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bellasio
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - David J Beerling
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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12
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de Oliveira Dal'Molin CG, Orellana C, Gebbie L, Steen J, Hodson MP, Chrysanthopoulos P, Plan MR, McQualter R, Palfreyman RW, Nielsen LK. Metabolic Reconstruction of Setaria italica: A Systems Biology Approach for Integrating Tissue-Specific Omics and Pathway Analysis of Bioenergy Grasses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1138. [PMID: 27559337 PMCID: PMC4978736 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The urgent need for major gains in industrial crops productivity and in biofuel production from bioenergy grasses have reinforced attention on understanding C4 photosynthesis. Systems biology studies of C4 model plants may reveal important features of C4 metabolism. Here we chose foxtail millet (Setaria italica), as a C4 model plant and developed protocols to perform systems biology studies. As part of the systems approach, we have developed and used a genome-scale metabolic reconstruction in combination with the use of multi-omics technologies to gain more insights into the metabolism of S. italica. mRNA, protein, and metabolite abundances, were measured in mature and immature stem/leaf phytomers, and the multi-omics data were integrated into the metabolic reconstruction framework to capture key metabolic features in different developmental stages of the plant. RNA-Seq reads were mapped to the S. italica resulting for 83% coverage of the protein coding genes of S. italica. Besides revealing similarities and differences in central metabolism of mature and immature tissues, transcriptome analysis indicates significant gene expression of two malic enzyme isoforms (NADP- ME and NAD-ME). Although much greater expression levels of NADP-ME genes are observed and confirmed by the correspondent protein abundances in the samples, the expression of multiple genes combined to the significant abundance of metabolites that participates in C4 metabolism of NAD-ME and NADP-ME subtypes suggest that S. italica may use mixed decarboxylation modes of C4 photosynthetic pathways under different plant developmental stages. The overall analysis also indicates different levels of regulation in mature and immature tissues in carbon fixation, glycolysis, TCA cycle, amino acids, fatty acids, lignin, and cellulose syntheses. Altogether, the multi-omics analysis reveals different biological entities and their interrelation and regulation over plant development. With this study, we demonstrated that this systems approach is powerful enough to complement the functional metabolic annotation of bioenergy grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana G. de Oliveira Dal'Molin
- Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Cristiana G. de Oliveira Dal'Molin
| | - Camila Orellana
- Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leigh Gebbie
- Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer Steen
- Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark P. Hodson
- Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Panagiotis Chrysanthopoulos
- Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Manuel R. Plan
- Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard McQualter
- Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robin W. Palfreyman
- Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lars K. Nielsen
- Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
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13
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Lupoi JS, Smith-Moritz A, Singh S, McQualter R, Scheller HV, Simmons BA, Henry RJ. Localization of polyhydroxybutyrate in sugarcane using Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy and multivariate imaging. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:98. [PMID: 26199643 PMCID: PMC4508826 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slow-degrading, fossil fuel-derived plastics can have deleterious effects on the environment, especially marine ecosystems. The production of bio-based, biodegradable plastics from or in plants can assist in supplanting those manufactured using fossil fuels. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is one such biodegradable polyester that has been evaluated as a possible candidate for relinquishing the use of environmentally harmful plastics. RESULTS PHB, possessing similar properties to polyesters produced from non-renewable sources, has been previously engineered in sugarcane, thereby creating a high-value co-product in addition to the high biomass yield. This manuscript illustrates the coupling of a Fourier-transform infrared microspectrometer, equipped with a focal plane array (FPA) detector, with multivariate imaging to successfully identify and localize PHB aggregates. Principal component analysis imaging facilitated the mining of the abundant quantity of spectral data acquired using the FPA for distinct PHB vibrational modes. PHB was measured in the chloroplasts of mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, acquiescent with previously evaluated plant samples. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the power of IR microspectroscopy to rapidly image plant sections to provide a snapshot of the chemical composition of the cell. While PHB was localized in sugarcane, this method is readily transferable to other value-added co-products in different plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Lupoi
- />Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia
- />Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- />Sage Analytics, Boulder, CO 80301 USA
| | - Andreia Smith-Moritz
- />Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Seema Singh
- />Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- />Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
| | - Richard McQualter
- />Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia
- />Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203 USA
| | - Henrik V. Scheller
- />Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- />Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia
- />Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- />Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
| | - Robert J. Henry
- />Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia
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