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Gao Z, Geng X, Xiang L, Shao C, Geng Q, Wu J, Yang Q, Liu S, Chen X. TaVQ22 Interacts with TaWRKY19-2B to Negatively Regulate Wheat Resistance to Sheath Blight. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:454-463. [PMID: 38394356 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-23-0058-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Wheat sheath blight caused by the necrotic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis is responsible for severe damage to bread wheat. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are vital for stress resistance by plants and their homeostasis plays an important role in wheat resistance to sheath blight. Valine-glutamine (VQ) proteins play important roles in plant growth and development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functional mechanism mediated by wheat VQ protein in response to sheath blight via ROS homeostasis regulation is unclear. In this study, we identified TaVQ22 protein containing the VQ motif and clarified the functional mechanisms involved in the defense of wheat against R. cerealis. TaVQ22 silencing reduced the accumulation of ROS and enhanced the resistance of wheat to R. cerealis. In addition, we showed that TaVQ22 regulated ROS generation by interacting with the WRKY transcription factor TaWRKY19-2B, thereby indicating that TaVQ22 and TaWRKY19-2B formed complexes in the plant cell nucleus. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that the VQ motif in TaVQ22 is crucial for the interaction, where it inhibits the transcriptional activation function of TaWRKY19-2B. In summary, TaVQ22 interacts with TaWRKY19-2B to regulate ROS homeostasis and negatively regulate the defense response to R. cerealis infection. This study provides novel insights into the mechanism that allows VQ protein to mediate the immune response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingxia Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, 77 West Beijing Road, Nanjing 210013, China
| | - Linrun Xiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunyu Shao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Geng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qunhui Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinhong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Liu L, Ma L, Yu Y, Ma Z, Yin Y, Zhou S, Yu Y, Cui N, Meng X, Fan H. Cucumis sativus CsbZIP90 suppresses Podosphaera xanthii resistance by modulating reactive oxygen species. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 339:111945. [PMID: 38061503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to disease in plants requires the coordinated action of multiple functionally related genes, as it is difficult to improve disease resistance with a single functional gene. Therefore, the use of transcription factors to regulate the expression of multiple resistance genes to improve disease resistance has become a recent focus in the field of gene research. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family plays vital regulatory roles in processes, such as plant growth and development and the stress response. In our previous study, CsbZIP90 (Cucsa.134370) was involved in the defense response of cucumber to Podosphaera xanthii, but the relationship between cucumber and resistance to powdery mildew remained unclear. Herein, we detected the function of CsbZIP90 in response to P. xanthii. CsbZIP90 was localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus, and its expression was significantly induced during P. xanthii attack. Transient overexpression of CsbZIP90 in cucumber cotyledons resulted in decreased resistance to P. xanthii, while silencing CsbZIP90 increased resistance to P. xanthii. CsbZIP90 negatively regulated the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes and activities of ROS-related kinases. Taken together, our results show that CsbZIP90 suppresses P. xanthi resistance by modulating ROS. This study will provide target genes for breeding cucumbers resistant to P. xanthii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhangtong Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yunhan Yin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Na Cui
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiangnan Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Gao Z, Sun M, Shao C, Chen Y, Xiang L, Wu J, Wang J, Chen X. Genome-wide analysis and characterization of the TaTLP gene family in wheat and functional characterization of the TaTLP44 in response to Rhizoctonia cerealis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108323. [PMID: 38183904 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Wheat sharp eyespot is a soil-borne disease caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis, which occurs in many countries worldwide and significantly reduces the yield. Thaumatin-like protein (TLP), also known as PR5, is a member of the pathogen response protein family and plays an essential role in plant resistance to pathogen infection. In this study, 131 TaTLP genes were identified from the wheat genome, of which 38 TaTLPs were newly discovered. The TaTLP gene family contains many tandem duplications and fragment duplications, which is a major pathway for gene amplification. Besides, we also analyzed the physicochemical properties, gene structure and promoter cis-acting regulatory elements of all the TaTLP genes. In addition, the expression patterns of nine TaTLPs in response to R. cerealis were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Six TaTLP proteins expressed in vitro had no significant inhibitory effect on R. cerealis, suggesting that these TaTLP proteins may function in other ways. Finally, we performed gene silencing of TaTLP44 in wheat, which increased the expression of some defense-associated genes and improved resistance to R. cerealis. In summary, we systematically analyzed TaTLP family members and demonstrated that TaTLP44 negatively regulates the resistance to R. cerealis by controlling expression of defense-associated genes. These results provide new insights into the functional mechanism of TaTLP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Miao Sun
- College of Agronomy, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Chunyu Shao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Linrun Xiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xinhong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Kheng S, Choe SH, Sahu N, Park JI, Kim HT. Identification of Gene Responsible for Conferring Resistance against Race KN2 of Podosphaera xanthii in Melon. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1134. [PMID: 38256205 PMCID: PMC10816175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii is a serious fungal disease which causes severe damage to melon production. Unlike with chemical fungicides, managing this disease with resistance varieties is cost effective and ecofriendly. But, the occurrence of new races and a breakdown of the existing resistance genes poses a great threat. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the resistance locus responsible for conferring resistance against P. xanthii race KN2 in melon line IML107. A bi-parental F2 population was used in this study to uncover the resistance against race KN2. Genetic analysis revealed the resistance to be monogenic and controlled by a single dominant gene in IML107. Initial marker analysis revealed the position of the gene to be located on chromosome 2 where many of the resistance gene against P. xanthii have been previously reported. Availability of the whole genome of melon and its R gene analysis facilitated the identification of a F-box type Leucine Rich Repeats (LRR) to be accountable for the resistance against race KN2 in IML107. The molecular marker developed in this study can be used for marker assisted breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hoy-Taek Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (S.-H.C.); (N.S.); (J.-I.P.)
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Wu P, Lu C, Wang B, Zhang F, Shi L, Xu Y, Chen A, Si H, Su J, Wu J. Cotton RSG2 Mediates Plant Resistance against Verticillium dahliae by miR482b Regulation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:898. [PMID: 37508331 PMCID: PMC10376429 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Cotton Verticillium wilt, mainly caused by Verticillium dahliae, has a serious impact on the yield and quality of cotton fiber. Many microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to participate in plant resistance to V. dahliae infection, but the exploration of miRNA's function mechanism in plant defense is needed. Here, we demonstrate that the ghr-miR482b-GhRSG2 module mediates cotton plant resistance to V. dahliae infection. Based on the mRNA degradation data and GUS fusion experiments, ghr-miR482b directedly bonds to GhRSG2 mRNA to lead to its degradation. The knockdown and overexpression of ghr-miR482b through virus-induced gene silencing strategies enhanced (decreased by 0.39-fold in disease index compared with the control) and weakened (increased by 0.46-fold) the plant resistance to V. dahliae, respectively. In addition, silencing GhRSG2 significantly increased (increased by 0.93-fold in disease index) the plant sensitivity to V. dahliae compared with the control plants treated with empty vector. The expression levels of two SA-related disease genes, GhPR1 and GhPR2, significantly decreased in GhRSG2-silenced plants by 0.71 and 0.67 times, respectively, and in ghr-miR482b-overexpressed (OX) plants by 0.59 and 0.75 times, respectively, compared with the control, whereas the expression levels of GhPR1 and GhPR2 were significantly increased by 1.21 and 2.59 times, respectively, in ghr-miR482b knockdown (KD) plants. In sum, the ghr-miR482b-GhRSG2 module participates in the regulation of plant defense against V. dahliae by inducing the expression of PR1 and PR2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Chengzhe Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Feiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Linfang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunjiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Aimin Chen
- The Key Laboratory for the Creation of Cotton Varieties in the Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changji 831100, China
| | - Huaijun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junji Su
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Jiahe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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6
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Yi K, Yan W, Li X, Yang S, Li J, Yin Y, Yuan F, Wang H, Kang Z, Han D, Zeng Q. Identification of Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs in Rhizoctonia cerealis following Inoculation of Wheat. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0344922. [PMID: 37036374 PMCID: PMC10269763 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03449-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat sharp eyespot caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis is primarily a severe threat to worldwide wheat production. Currently, there are no resistant wheat cultivars, and the use of fungicides is the primary method for controlling this disease. Elucidating the mechanisms of R. cerealis pathogenicity can accelerate the pace of the control of this disease. Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) that function in plant-pathogen interactions might provide a new perspective. We systematically analyzed lincRNAs and identified a total of 1,319 lincRNAs in R. cerealis. We found that lincRNAs are involved in various biological processes, as shown by differential expression analysis and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Next, one of nine hub lincRNAs in the blue module that was related to infection and growth processes, MSTRG.4380.1, was verified to reduce R. cerealis virulence on wheat by a host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) assay. Following that, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis revealed that the significantly downregulated genes in the MSTRG.4380.1 knockdown lines were associated mainly with infection-related processes, including hydrolase, transmembrane transporter, and energy metabolism activities. Additionally, 23 novel microRNAs (miRNAs) were discovered during small RNA (sRNA) sequencing (sRNA-Seq) analysis of MSTRG.4380.1 knockdown, and target prediction of miRNAs suggested that MSTRG.4380.1 does not act as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA). This study performed the first genome-wide identification of R. cerealis lincRNAs and miRNAs. It confirmed the involvement of a lincRNA in the infection process, providing new insights into the mechanism of R. cerealis infection and offering a new approach for protecting wheat from R. cerealis. IMPORTANCE Rhizoctonia cerealis, the primary causal agent of wheat sharp eyespot, has caused significant losses in worldwide wheat production. Since no resistant wheat cultivars exist, chemical control is the primary method. However, this approach is environmentally unfriendly and costly. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated pathogenicity gene silencing has been proven to reduce the growth of Rhizoctonia and provides a new perspective for disease control. Recent studies have shown that lincRNAs are involved in various biological processes across species, such as biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, verifying the function of lincRNAs in R. cerealis is beneficial for understanding the infection mechanism. In this study, we reveal that lincRNAs could contribute to the virulence of R. cerealis, which provides new insights into controlling this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingdong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Xiong F, Zhu X, Luo C, Liu Z, Zhang Z. The Cytosolic Acetoacetyl-CoA Thiolase TaAACT1 Is Required for Defense against Fusarium pseudograminearum in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076165. [PMID: 37047146 PMCID: PMC10094598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium pseudograminearum is a major pathogen for the destructive disease Fusarium crown rot (FCR) of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The cytosolic Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase II (AACT) is the first catalytic enzyme in the mevalonate pathway that biosynthesizes isoprenoids in plants. However, there has been no investigation of wheat cytosolic AACT genes in defense against pathogens including Fusarium pseudograminearum. Herein, we identified a cytosolic AACT-encoding gene from wheat, named TaAACT1, and demonstrated its positively regulatory role in the wheat defense response to F. pseudograminearum. One haplotype of TaAACT1 in analyzed wheat genotypes was associated with wheat resistance to FCR. The TaAACT1 transcript level was elevated after F. pseudograminearum infection, and was higher in FCR-resistant wheat genotypes than in susceptible wheat genotypes. Functional analysis indicated that knock down of TaAACT1 impaired resistance against F. pseudograminearum and reduced the expression of downstream defense genes in wheat. TaAACT1 protein was verified to localize in the cytosol of wheat cells. TaAACT1 and its modulated defense genes were rapidly responsive to exogenous jasmonate treatment. Collectively, TaAACT1 contributes to resistance to F. pseudograminearum through upregulating the expression of defense genes in wheat. This study sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying wheat defense against FCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changsha Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhixiang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Liu J, Cobertera DC, Zemetra RS, Mundt CC. Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Wheat Sharp Eyespot in the Einstein × Tubbs Recombinant Inbred Line Population. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:820-825. [PMID: 35961017 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1044-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat sharp eyespot (SES), caused by the soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis Van der Hoeven (teleomorph: Ceratobasidium cereale), is a common stem disease of wheat globally. The disease caused a severe and extensive epidemic throughout the Willamette Valley of Oregon in 2014 and has remained one of the most important wheat diseases in this region. However, little was known about the genetics of host resistance to this disease. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population with 257 lines developed from a cross of Einstein × Tubbs was used to study SES resistance of wheat. The phenotyping was conducted at two locations and in 3 years. Genotyping by sequencing was done by using Illumina HiSeq 3000. Low broad-sense heritability across four environments was obtained. The results of analysis of variance demonstrated that disease severity was significantly different among RILs for the data combined over environments and for one of the individual environments. Four SES resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected, including QSES-1A, QSES-2B, QSES-6A, and QSES-7A, and explained 5.9, 5.9, 8.8, and 8.3%, respectively, of the phenotypic variance. All four QTL overlapped or are in close proximity with one or more plant defense genes, and could lay the foundation for marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902
| | - David C Cobertera
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2821
| | - Robert S Zemetra
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2821
| | - Christopher C Mundt
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902
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Vuong UT, Iswanto ABB, Nguyen Q, Kang H, Lee J, Moon J, Kim SH. Engineering plant immune circuit: walking to the bright future with a novel toolbox. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:17-45. [PMID: 36036862 PMCID: PMC9829404 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens destroy crops and cause severe yield losses, leading to an insufficient food supply to sustain the human population. Apart from relying on natural plant immune systems to combat biological agents or waiting for the appropriate evolutionary steps to occur over time, researchers are currently seeking new breakthrough methods to boost disease resistance in plants through genetic engineering. Here, we summarize the past two decades of research in disease resistance engineering against an assortment of pathogens through modifying the plant immune components (internal and external) with several biotechnological techniques. We also discuss potential strategies and provide perspectives on engineering plant immune systems for enhanced pathogen resistance and plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Thi Vuong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Quang‐Minh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Hobin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
- Division of Life ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
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Guimaraes PM, Quintana AC, Mota APZ, Berbert PS, Ferreira DDS, de Aguiar MN, Pereira BM, de Araújo ACG, Brasileiro ACM. Engineering Resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Using a Truncated NLR (TNx) and a Defense-Priming Gene. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3483. [PMID: 36559595 PMCID: PMC9786959 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The association of both cell-surface PRRs (Pattern Recognition Receptors) and intracellular receptor NLRs (Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat) in engineered plants have the potential to activate strong defenses against a broad range of pathogens. Here, we describe the identification, characterization, and in planta functional analysis of a novel truncated NLR (TNx) gene from the wild species Arachis stenosperma (AsTIR19), with a protein structure lacking the C-terminal LRR (Leucine Rich Repeat) domain involved in pathogen perception. Overexpression of AsTIR19 in tobacco plants led to a significant reduction in infection caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with a further reduction in pyramid lines containing an expansin-like B gene (AdEXLB8) potentially involved in defense priming. Transcription analysis of tobacco transgenic lines revealed induction of hormone defense pathways (SA; JA-ET) and PRs (Pathogenesis-Related proteins) production. The strong upregulation of the respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RbohD) gene in the pyramid lines suggests its central role in mediating immune responses in plants co-expressing the two transgenes, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production enhanced by AdEXLB8 cues leading to stronger defense response. Here, we demonstrate that the association of potential priming elicitors and truncated NLRs can produce a synergistic effect on fungal resistance, constituting a promising strategy for improved, non-specific resistance to plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Messenberg Guimaraes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT Plant Stress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Zotta Mota
- INRAE, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Cristina Miranda Brasileiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT Plant Stress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, Brazil
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Wu X, Wang J, Wu D, Jiang W, Gao Z, Li D, Wu R, Gao D, Zhang Y. Identification of new resistance loci against wheat sharp eyespot through genome-wide association study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1056935. [PMID: 36578345 PMCID: PMC9792169 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1056935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wheat sharp eyespot caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis is a serious pathogenic disease affecting plants. The effective strategy for controlling this disease is breeding resistant cultivar. However, to date, no wheat varieties are fully resistant to sharp eyespot, and only a few quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been shown to be associated with sharp eyespot resistance. METHODS To understand the genetic basis of this disease, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of sharp eyespot resistance in 262 varieties from all China wheat regions was conducted. RESULTS After cultivation for three years, only 6.5% of the varieties were resistant to sharp eyespot. Notably, the varieties from the middle and lower Yangtze River displayed higher sharp eyespot resistance than those from Huanghuai wheat zone. Only two varieties had the same resistance level to the control Shanhongmai. The results of GWAS showed that 5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were markedly related to sharp eyespot resistance in the three years repeatedly, and two QTLs, qSE-6A and qSE-7B, on chromosome 6A and 7B were identified. Based on the 'CG' haplotypes of significant SNPs, we found that the two QTLs exhibited additive effects on attenuating sharp eyespot resistance. DISCUSSION These results provide novel insights into the genetic basis of sharp eyespot resistance in China wheat varieties. The SNPs related to sharp eyespot resistance can be applied for marker-assisted selection in plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujiang Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Science of the Lixiahe District in Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Low and Middle Yangtze River Valley Wheat Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junchan Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Science of the Lixiahe District in Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Science of the Lixiahe District in Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural Science of the Lixiahe District in Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhifu Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Science of the Lixiahe District in Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Institute of Agricultural Science of the Lixiahe District in Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Science of the Lixiahe District in Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Derong Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Science of the Lixiahe District in Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Low and Middle Yangtze River Valley Wheat Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Science of the Lixiahe District in Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Low and Middle Yangtze River Valley Wheat Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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12
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Li X, Mu K, Yang S, Wei J, Wang C, Yan W, Yuan F, Wang H, Han D, Kang Z, Zeng Q. Reduction of Rhizoctonia cerealis Infection on Wheat Through Host- and Spray-Induced Gene Silencing of an Orphan Secreted Gene. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:803-813. [PMID: 36102883 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-22-0075-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia cerealis is a soilborne fungus that can cause sharp eyespot in wheat, resulting in massive yield losses found in many countries. Due to the lack of resistant cultivars, fungicides have been widely used to control this pathogen. However, chemical control is not environmentally friendly and is costly. Meanwhile, the lack of genetic transformation tools has hindered the functional characterization of virulence genes. In this study, we attempted to characterize the function of virulence genes by two transient methods, host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) and spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), which use RNA interference to suppress the pathogenic development. We identified ten secretory orphan genes from the genome. After silencing these ten genes, only the RcOSP1 knocked-down plant significantly inhibited the growth of R. cerealis. We then described RcOSP1 as an effector that could impair wheat biological processes and suppress pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity in the infection process. These findings confirm that HIGS and SIGS can be practical tools for researching R. cerealis virulence genes. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Keqing Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiajing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Congnawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Weiyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fengping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Yangling Seed Industry Innovation Center, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qingdong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Dey S, Sarkar A, Chowdhury S, Singh R, Mukherjee A, Ghosh Z, Kundu P. Heightened miR6024-NLR interactions facilitate necrotrophic pathogenesis in tomato. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:717-739. [PMID: 35499677 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
miR6024 acts as a negative regulator of R genes, hence of Tomato plant immunity, and facilitates disease by the necrotrophic pathogen A. solani. Plant resistance genes or Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes, integral components of plant disease stress-signaling are targeted by variable groups of miRNAs. However, the significance of miRNA-mediated regulation of NLRs during a pathogen stress response, specifically for necrotrophic fungus, is poorly understood. A thorough examination of Tomato NLRs and miRNAs could map substantial interactions of which half the annotated NLRs were targets of Solanaceae-specific and conserved miRNAs, at the NB subdomain. The Solanaceae-specific miR6024 and its NLR targets analysed in different phytopathogenic stresses revealed differential and mutually antagonistic regulation. Interestingly, miR6024-targeted cleavage of a target NLR also triggered the generation of secondary phased siRNAs which could potentially amplify the defense signal. RNA-seq analysis of leaf tissues from miR6024 overexpressing Tomato plants evidenced a perturbation in the defense transcriptome with the transgenics showing unwarranted immune response-related genes' expression with or without infection with necrotrophic Alternaria solani, though no adverse effect could be observed in the growth and development of the transgenic plants. Transgenic plants exhibited constitutive downregulation of the target NLRs, aggravated disease phenotype with an enhanced lesion, greater ROS generation and hypersusceptibility to A. solani infection, thus establishing that miR6024 negatively impacts plant immune response during necrotrophic pathogenesis. Limited knowledge about the outcome of NLR-miRNA interaction during necrotrophic pathogenesis is a hindrance to the deployment of miRNAs in crop improvement programs. With the elucidation of the necrotrophic disease-synergistic role played by miR6024, it becomes a potent candidate for biotechnological manipulation for the rapid development of pathogen-tolerant solanaceous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Dey
- Division of Plant Biology, Unified Academic Campus, Bose Institute, EN 80, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Arijita Sarkar
- Division of Bioinformatics, Unified Academic Campus, Bose Institute, EN 80, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Shreya Chowdhury
- Division of Plant Biology, Unified Academic Campus, Bose Institute, EN 80, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Raghuvir Singh
- Division of Plant Biology, Unified Academic Campus, Bose Institute, EN 80, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Ananya Mukherjee
- Division of Plant Biology, Unified Academic Campus, Bose Institute, EN 80, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Zhumur Ghosh
- Division of Bioinformatics, Unified Academic Campus, Bose Institute, EN 80, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Pallob Kundu
- Division of Plant Biology, Unified Academic Campus, Bose Institute, EN 80, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India.
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The L-Type Lectin-like Receptor Kinase Gene TaLecRK-IV.1 Regulates the Plant Height in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158208. [PMID: 35897784 PMCID: PMC9332437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dwarfing is important for the production of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.). In model plants, receptor-like kinases have been implicated in signal transduction, immunity, and development. However, functional roles of lectin receptor-like kinases in wheat are poorly understood. In this study, we identified an L-type lectin receptor-like kinase gene in wheat, designated as TaLecRK-IV.1, and revealed its role in plant height. Real time quantitative PCR analyses indicated that TaLecRK-IV.1 transcript level was lower in a dwarf wheat line harboring the Rht-D1b gene compared to its transcript level detected in a taller wheat line CI12633. Importantly, the virus-induced gene silencing results showed that silencing of TaLecRK-IV.1 in the wheat line CI12633 led to dwarf plants. The results of the disease resistance test performed after the gene silencing experiment suggest no significant role of TaLecRK-IV.1 in the resistance reaction of wheat line CI12633 to sharp eyespot. Gene expression analysis revealed that the transcript abundance of TaLecRK-IV.1 was more up-regulated after the exogenous application of gibberellic acid and auxin, two development-related phytohormones, compared to the gene transcript levels detected in the control plants (mock treatment). These findings support the potential implication of TaLecRK-IV.1 in the pathway controlling plant height rather than the disease resistance role, and suggest that TaLecRK-IV.1 may be a positive regulator of plant height through the gibberellic acid and auxin-signaling pathways.
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15
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Zhu X, Rong W, Wang K, Guo W, Zhou M, Wu J, Ye X, Wei X, Zhang Z. Overexpression of TaSTT3b-2B improves resistance to sharp eyespot and increases grain weight in wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:777-793. [PMID: 34873799 PMCID: PMC8989504 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
STAUROSPORINE AND TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE3 (STT3) is a catalytic subunit of oligosaccharyltransferase, which is important for asparagine-linked glycosylation. Sharp eyespot, caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a devastating disease of bread wheat. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying wheat defense against R. cerealis are still largely unclear. In this study, we identified TaSTT3a and TaSTT3b, two STT3 subunit genes from wheat and reported their functional roles in wheat defense against R. cerealis and increasing grain weight. The transcript abundance of TaSTT3b-2B was associated with the degree of wheat resistance to R. cerealis and induced by both R. cerealis and exogenous jasmonic acid (JA). Overexpression of TaSTT3b-2B significantly enhanced resistance to R. cerealis, grain weight, and JA content in transgenic wheat subjected to R. cerealis stress, while silencing of TaSTT3b-2B compromised resistance of wheat to R. cerealis. Transcriptomic analysis showed that TaSTT3b-2B affected the expression of a series of defense-related genes and JA biosynthesis-related genes, as well as genes coding starch synthase and sucrose synthase. Application of exogenous JA elevated expression levels of the abovementioned defense- and grain weight-related genes, and rescuing the resistance of TaSTT3b-2B-silenced wheat to R. cerealis, while pretreatment with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of JA synthesis, attenuated the TaSTT3b-2B-mediated resistance to R. cerealis, suggesting that TaSTT3b-2B played critical roles in regulating R. cerealis resistance and grain weight via JA biosynthesis. Altogether, this study reveals new functional roles of TaSTT3b-2B in regulating plant innate immunity and grain weight, and illustrates its potential application value for wheat molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Rong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Guo
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Miaoping Zhou
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Jizhong Wu
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuening Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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16
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The Pathogen-Induced MATE Gene TaPIMA1 Is Required for Defense Responses to Rhizoctonia cerealis in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063377. [PMID: 35328796 PMCID: PMC8950252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The sharp eyespot, mainly caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a devastating disease endangering production of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Multi-Antimicrobial Extrusion (MATE) family genes are widely distributed in plant species, but little is known about MATE functions in wheat disease resistance. In this study, we identified TaPIMA1, a pathogen-induced MATE gene in wheat, from RNA-seq data. TaPIMA1 expression was induced by Rhizoctonia cerealis and was higher in sharp eyespot-resistant wheat genotypes than in susceptible wheat genotypes. Molecular biology assays showed that TaPIMA1 belonged to the MATE family, and the expressed protein could distribute in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing plus disease assessment indicated that knock-down of TaPIMA1 impaired resistance of wheat to sharp eyespot and down-regulated the expression of defense genes (Defensin, PR10, PR1.2, and Chitinase3). Furthermore, TaPIMA1 was rapidly induced by exogenous H2O2 and jasmonate (JA) treatments, which also promoted the expression of pathogenesis-related genes. These results suggested that TaPIMA1 might positively regulate the defense against R. cerealis by up-regulating the expression of defense-associated genes in H2O2 and JA signal pathways. This study sheds light on the role of MATE transporter in wheat defense to Rhizoctonia cerealis and provides a potential gene for improving wheat resistance against sharp eyespot.
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Zhang H, Ye Z, Liu Z, Sun Y, Li X, Wu J, Zhou G, Wan Y. The Cassava NBS-LRR Genes Confer Resistance to Cassava Bacterial Blight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:790140. [PMID: 35178059 PMCID: PMC8844379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.790140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cassava bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) seriously affects cassava yield. Genes encoding nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains are among the most important disease resistance genes in plants that are specifically involved in the response to diverse pathogens. However, the in vivo roles of NBS-LRR remain unclear in cassava (Manihot esculenta). In this study, we isolated four MeLRR genes and assessed their expression under salicylic acid (SA) treatment and Xam inoculation. Four MeLRR genes positively regulate cassava disease general resistance against Xam via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transient overexpression. During cassava-Xam interaction, MeLRRs positively regulated endogenous SA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR1) transcripts. Additionally, we revealed that MeLRRs positively regulated disease resistance in Arabidopsis. These pathogenic microorganisms include Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Alternaria brassicicola, and Botrytis cinerea. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of cassava resistance against Xam inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Guangzhen Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yinglang Wan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Wang K, Shao Z, Guo F, Wang K, Zhang Z. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase TaMKK5 mediates immunity via the TaMKK5-TaMPK3-TaERF3 module. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2323-2337. [PMID: 34015126 PMCID: PMC8644495 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sharp eyespot disease, caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, seriously threatens production of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Despite considerable advances in understanding the mechanisms of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades in innate immunity in model plant species, the roles of MAPK cascades in wheat are unknown. In this study, we identified a wheat MAPK kinase TaMKK5, located on chromosome 6B, and deciphered its functional role in the innate immune responses to R. cerealis attack. The TaMKK5-6B transcript level was elevated after R. cerealis infection and was higher in resistant wheat genotypes compared to susceptible genotypes. Overexpressing TaMKK5-6B increased resistance to sharp eyespot and upregulated the expression of multiple defense-related genes in wheat, including the MAPK gene TaMPK3, the ethylene response factor gene TaERF3, the calcium-dependent protein kinase gene TaCPK7-D, the glutathione s-transferase-1 gene TaGST1, Defensin, and Chitinase 2, while TaMKK5 knock-down compromised the resistance and repressed the expression of these defense-related genes. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation, yeast two-hybrid, pull-down, and phosphorylation assays showed that TaMKK5 physically interacted with TaMPK3, and phosphorylated and activated TaMPK3, and that TaMPK3 interacted with and phosphorylated TaERF3. The TaMKK5-TaMPK3 cascade modulates the expression of TaGST1, Defensin, and Chitinase 2 through TaERF3. Collectively, TaMKK5 mediates resistance to sharp eyespot through the TaMKK5-TaMPK3-TaERF3 module and by upregulating the expression of defense-related genes in wheat. This study provides insights into the role of the wheat MAPK cascades in innate immunity. TaMKK5-6B is a promising gene for breeding wheat cultivars that are resistant to sharp eyespot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhengyu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feilong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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TaWAK2A-800, a Wall-Associated Kinase, Participates Positively in Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Sharp Eyespot in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111493. [PMID: 34768923 PMCID: PMC8583783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and sharp eyespot are important diseases of the cereal plants, including bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley. Both diseases are predominately caused by the pathogenic fungi, Fusarium graminearum and Rhizoctonia cerealis. The roles of the wheat-wall-associated kinases (WAKs) in defense against both F. graminearum and R. cerealis have remained largely unknown. This research reports the identification of TaWAK2A-800, a wheat WAK-coding gene located on chromosome 2A, and its functional roles in wheat resistance responses to FHB and sharp eyespot. TaWAK2A-800 transcript abundance was elevated by the early infection of R. cerealis and F. graminearum, or treatment with exogenous chitin. The gene transcript seemed to correspond to the resistance of wheat. Further functional analyses showed that silencing TaWAK2A-800 compromised the resistance of wheat to both FHB (F. graminearum) and sharp eyespot (R. cerealis). Moreover, the silencing reduced the expression levels of six defense-related genes, including the chitin-triggering immune pathway-marker genes, TaCERK1, TaRLCK1B, and TaMPK3. Summarily, TaWAK2A-800 participates positively in the resistance responses to both F. graminearum and R. cerealis, possibly through a chitin-induced pathway in wheat. TaWAK2A-800 will be useful for breeding wheat varieties with resistance to both FHB and sharp eyespot.
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NB-LRR-encoding genes conferring susceptibility to organophosphate pesticides in sorghum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19828. [PMID: 34615901 PMCID: PMC8494876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate is the commonly used pesticide to control pest outbreak, such as those by aphids in many crops. Despite its wide use, however, necrotic lesion and/or cell death following the application of organophosphate pesticides has been reported to occur in several species. To understand this phenomenon, called organophosphate pesticide sensitivity (OPS) in sorghum, we conducted QTL analysis in a recombinant inbred line derived from the Japanese cultivar NOG, which exhibits OPS. Mapping OPS in this population identified a prominent QTL on chromosome 5, which corresponded to Organophosphate-Sensitive Reaction (OSR) reported previously in other mapping populations. The OSR locus included a cluster of three genes potentially encoding nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR, NLR) proteins, among which NLR-C was considered to be responsible for OPS in a dominant fashion. NLR-C was functional in NOG, whereas the other resistant parent, BTx623, had a null mutation caused by the deletion of promoter sequences. Our finding of OSR as a dominant trait is important not only in understanding the diversified role of NB-LRR proteins in cereals but also in securing sorghum breeding free from OPS.
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Su J, Zhao J, Zhao S, Li M, Pang S, Kang Z, Zhen W, Chen S, Chen F, Wang X. Genetics of Resistance to Common Root Rot (Spot Blotch), Fusarium Crown Rot, and Sharp Eyespot in Wheat. Front Genet 2021; 12:699342. [PMID: 34249110 PMCID: PMC8260946 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.699342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to soil changes, high density planting, and the use of straw-returning methods, wheat common root rot (spot blotch), Fusarium crown rot (FCR), and sharp eyespot (sheath blight) have become severe threats to global wheat production. Only a few wheat genotypes show moderate resistance to these root and crown rot fungal diseases, and the genetic determinants of wheat resistance to these devastating diseases are poorly understood. This review summarizes recent results of genetic studies of wheat resistance to common root rot, Fusarium crown rot, and sharp eyespot. Wheat germplasm with relatively higher resistance are highlighted and genetic loci controlling the resistance to each disease are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Su
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiaojie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuyong Pang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenchao Zhen
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shisheng Chen
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Weifang, China
| | - Feng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Qi H, Zhu X, Guo F, Lv L, Zhang Z. The Wall-Associated Receptor-Like Kinase TaWAK7D Is Required for Defense Responses to Rhizoctonia cerealis in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115629. [PMID: 34073183 PMCID: PMC8199179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sharp eyespot, caused by necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a serious fungal disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Certain wall-associated receptor kinases (WAK) mediate resistance to diseases caused by biotrophic/hemibiotrophic pathogens in several plant species. Yet, none of wheat WAK genes with positive effect on the innate immune responses to R. cerealis has been reported. In this study, we identified a WAK gene TaWAK7D, located on chromosome 7D, and showed its positive regulatory role in the defense response to R. cerealis infection in wheat. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses showed that TaWAK7D transcript abundance was elevated in wheat after R. cerealis inoculation and the induction in the stem was the highest among the tested organs. Additionally, TaWAK7D transcript levels were significantly elevated by pectin and chitin treatments. The knock-down of TaWAK7D transcript impaired resistance to R. cerealis and repressed the expression of five pathogenesis-related genes in wheat. The green fluorescent protein signal distribution assays indicated that TaWAK7D localized on the plasma membrane in wheat protoplasts. Thus, TaWAK7D, which is induced by R. cerealis, pectin and chitin stimuli, positively participates in defense responses to R. cerealis through modulating the expression of several pathogenesis-related genes in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Qi
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Feilong Guo
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Liangjie Lv
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China;
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-82108781
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Liu H, Wu H, Wang Y, Wang H, Chen S, Yin Z. Comparative transcriptome profiling and co-expression network analysis uncover the key genes associated withearly-stage resistance to Aspergillus flavus in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:216. [PMID: 33985439 PMCID: PMC8117602 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungus Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) is a serious threat to maize (Zea mays) production worldwide. It causes considerable yield and economic losses, and poses a health risk to humans and livestock due to the high toxicity of aflatoxin. However, key genes and regulatory networks conferring maize resistance to A. flavus are not clear, especially at the early stage of infection. Here, we performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of two maize inbred lines with contrasting resistance to A. flavus infection. RESULTS The pairwise comparisons between mock and infected kernels in each line during the first 6 h post inoculation (hpi) showed that maize resistance to A. flavus infection was specific to the genotype and infection stage, and defense pathways were strengthened in the resistant line. Further comparison of the two maize lines revealed that the infection-induced up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the resistant line might underlie the enhanced resistance. Gene co-expression network analysis by WGCNA (weighted gene co-expression network analysis) identified 7 modules that were significantly associated with different infection stages, and 110 hub genes of these modules. These key regulators mainly participate in the biosynthesis of fatty acid and antibiotics. In addition, 90 candidate genes for maize resistance to A. flavus infection and/or aflatoxin contamination obtained in previous studies were confirmed to be differentially expressed between the resistant and susceptible lines within the first 6 hpi. CONCLUSION This work unveiled more A. flavus resistance genes and provided a detailed regulatory network of early-stage resistance to A. flavus in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Haofeng Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Saihua Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Zhitong Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat Genes CsRSF1 and CsRSF2 Are Positive Modulators in the Cucumis sativus Defense Response to Sphaerotheca fuliginea. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083986. [PMID: 33924330 PMCID: PMC8069588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucumber powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea is a leaf disease that seriously affects cucumber's yield and quality. This study aimed to report two nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeats (NBS-LRR) genes CsRSF1 and CsRSF2, which participated in regulating the resistance of cucumber to S. fuliginea. The subcellular localization showed that the CsRSF1 protein was localized in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane, while the CsRSF2 protein was localized in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. In addition, the transcript levels of CsRSF1 and CsRSF2 were different between resistant and susceptible cultivars after treatment with exogenous substances, such as abscisic acid (ABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), ethephon (ETH), gibberellin (GA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The expression analysis showed that the transcript levels of CsRSF1 and CsRSF2 were correlated with plant defense response against S. fuliginea. Moreover, the silencing of CsRSF1 and CsRSF2 impaired host resistance to S. fuliginea, but CsRSF1 and CsRSF2 overexpression improved resistance to S. fuliginea in cucumber. These results showed that CsRSF1 and CsRSF2 genes positively contributed to the resistance of cucumber to S. fuliginea. At the same time, CsRSF1 and CsRSF2 genes could also regulate the expression of defense-related genes. The findings of this study might help enhance the resistance of cucumber to S. fuliginea.
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Testempasis S, Tanou G, Minas I, Samiotaki M, Molassiotis A, Karaoglanidis G. Unraveling Interactions of the Necrotrophic Fungal Species Botrytis cinerea With 1-Methylcyclopropene or Ozone-Treated Apple Fruit Using Proteomic Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:644255. [PMID: 33777080 PMCID: PMC7988217 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea is one of the major postharvest diseases of apple fruit. The exogenous application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and gaseous ozone (O 3) is commonly used to ensure postharvest fruit quality. However, the effect of these treatments on the susceptibility of apple fruit to postharvest pathogens remains largely unknown. Herein, the effect of O 3 and 1-MCP treatments on the development of gray mold on apple fruit (cv. "Granny Smith") was investigated. Artificially inoculated apple fruits, treated or not with 1-MCP, were subjected for 2 months to cold storage [0°C, relative humidity (RH) 95%] either in an O3-enriched atmosphere or in a conventional cold chamber. Minor differences between 1-MCP-treated and control fruits were found in terms of disease expression; however, exposure to ozone resulted in a decrease of disease severity by more than 50% compared with 1-MCP-treated and untreated fruits. Proteomic analysis was conducted to determine proteome changes in the mesocarp tissue of control and 1-MCP- or O3-treated fruits in the absence or in the presence of inoculation with B. cinerea. In the non-inoculated fruits, 26 proteins were affected by 1-MCP, while 51 proteins were altered by ozone. Dynamic changes in fruit proteome were also observed in response to B. cinerea. In O3-treated fruits, a significant number of disease/defense-related proteins were increased in comparison with control fruit. Among these proteins, higher accumulation levels were observed for allergen, major allergen, ACC oxidase, putative NBS-LRR disease resistance protein, major latex protein (MLP)-like protein, or 2-Cys peroxiredoxin. In contrast, most of these proteins were down-accumulated in 1-MCP-treated fruits that were challenged with B. cinerea. These results suggest that ozone exposure may contribute to the reduction of gray mold in apple fruits, while 1-MCP was not effective in affecting this disease. This is the first study deciphering differential regulations of apple fruit proteome upon B. cinerea infection and postharvest storage treatments, underlying aspects of host response related to the gray mold disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Testempasis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Institute of Soil Science and Water Resources, ELGO-Demeter, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Minas
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Colorado, CO, United States
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Karaoglanidis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Qi H, Guo F, Lv L, Zhu X, Zhang L, Yu J, Wei X, Zhang Z. The Wheat Wall-Associated Receptor-Like Kinase TaWAK-6D Mediates Broad Resistance to Two Fungal Pathogens Fusarium pseudograminearum and Rhizoctonia cerealis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:758196. [PMID: 34777437 PMCID: PMC8579037 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.758196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The soil-borne fungi Fusarium pseudograminearum and Rhizoctonia cerealis are the major pathogens for the economically important diseases Fusarium crown rot (FCR) and sharp eyespot of common wheat (Triticum aestivum), respectively. However, there has been no report on the broad resistance of wheat genes against both F. pseudograminearum and R. cerealis. In the current study, we identified TaWAK-6D, a wall-associated kinase (WAK) which is an encoding gene located on chromosome 6D, and demonstrated its broad resistance role in the wheat responses to both F. pseudograminearum and R. cerealis infection. TaWAK-6D transcript induction by F. pseudograminearum and R. cerealis was related to the resistance degree of wheat and the gene expression was significantly induced by exogenous pectin treatment. Silencing of TaWAK-6D compromised wheat resistance to F. pseudograminearum and R. cerealis, and repressed the expression of a serial of wheat defense-related genes. Ectopic expression of TaWAK-6D in Nicotiana benthamiana positively modulated the expression of several defense-related genes. TaWAK-6D protein was determined to localize to the plasma membrane in wheat and N. benthamiana. Collectively, the TaWAK-6D at the plasma membrane mediated the broad resistance responses to both F. pseudograminearum and R. cerealis in wheat at the seedling stage. This study, therefore, concludes that TaWAK-6D is a promising gene for improving wheat broad resistance to FCR and sharp eyespot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Qi
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feilong Guo
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangjie Lv
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jinfeng Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xuening Wei
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zengyan Zhang
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Li T, Zhang Q, Jiang X, Li R, Dhar N. Cotton CC-NBS-LRR Gene GbCNL130 Confers Resistance to Verticillium Wilt Across Different Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:695691. [PMID: 34567025 PMCID: PMC8456104 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.695691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt (VW) is a destructive disease in cotton caused by Verticillium dahliae and has a significant impact on yield and quality. In the absence of safe and effective chemical control, VW is difficult to manage. Thus, at present, developing resistant varieties is the most economical and effective method of controlling Verticillium wilt of cotton. The CC-NBS-LRR (CNL) gene family is an important class of plant genes involved in disease resistance. This study identified 141 GbCNLs in Gossypium barbadense genome, with 37.5% (53 genes) GbCNLs enriched in 12 gene clusters (GC01-GC12) based on gene distribution in the chromosomes. Especially, seven GbCNLs from two largest clusters (GC11 and GC12) were significantly upregulated in the resistant cultivar (Hai No. 7124) and the susceptible (Giza No. 57). Virus-induced gene silencing of GbCNL130 in G. barbadense, one typical gene in the gene cluster 12 (GC12), significantly altered the response to VW, compromising plant resistance to V. dahliae. In contrast, GbCNL130 overexpression significantly increased the resistance to VW in the wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana. Based on our research findings presented here, we conclude that GbCNL130 promotes resistance to VW by activating the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense response pathway resulting in strong accumulation of reactive oxygen species and upregulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. In conclusion, our study resulted in the discovery of a new CNL resistance gene in cotton, GbCNL130, that confers resistance to VW across different hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinggang Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Tinggang Li,
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xilong Jiang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nikhilesh Dhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA, United States
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Guo F, Shan Z, Yu J, Xu G, Zhang Z. The Cysteine-Rich Repeat Protein TaCRR1 Participates in Defense against Both Rhizoctonia cerealis and Bipolaris sorokiniana in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165698. [PMID: 32784820 PMCID: PMC7461100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The domain of unknown function 26 (DUF26), harboring a conserved cysteine-rich motif (C-X8-C-X2-C), is unique to land plants. Several cysteine-rich repeat proteins (CRRs), belonging to DUF26-containing proteins, have been implicated in the defense against fungal pathogens in ginkgo, cotton, and maize. However, little is known about the functional roles of CRRs in the important staple crop wheat (Triticum aestivum). In this study, we identified a wheat CRR-encoding gene TaCRR1 through transcriptomic analysis, and dissected the defense role of TaCRR1 against the soil-borne fungi Rhizoctonia cerealis and Bipolaris sorokiniana, causal pathogens of destructive wheat diseases. TaCRR1 transcription was up-regulated in wheat towards B. Sorokiniana or R. cerealis infection. The deduced TaCRR1 protein contained a signal peptide and two DUF26 domains. Heterologously-expressed TaCRR1 protein markedly inhibited the mycelia growth of B. sorokiniana and R. cerealis. Furthermore, the silencing of TaCRR1 both impaired host resistance to B. sorokiniana and R. cerealis and repressed the expression of several pathogenesis-related genes in wheat. These results suggest that the TaCRR1 positively participated in wheat defense against both B. sorokiniana and R. cerealis through its antifungal activity and modulating expression of pathogenesis-related genes. Thus, TaCRR1 is a candidate gene for improving wheat resistance to B. sorokiniana and R. cerealis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Guo
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zilong Shan
- ShiJiaZhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050041, China;
| | - Jinfeng Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Gangbiao Xu
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-0731-85623096 (G.X.); +86-10-82108781 (Z.Z.)
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-0731-85623096 (G.X.); +86-10-82108781 (Z.Z.)
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29
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Wang K, Rong W, Liu Y, Li H, Zhang Z. Wheat Elongator subunit 4 is required for epigenetic regulation of host immune response to Rhizoctonia cerealis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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30
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Cao Z, Kapoor K, Li L, Banniza S. Interactive Gene Expression Patterns of Susceptible and Resistant Lens ervoides Recombinant Inbred Lines and the Necrotroph Ascochyta lentis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1259. [PMID: 32670221 PMCID: PMC7326948 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascochyta lentis is a foliar pathogen of Lens species and is of worldwide importance in cultivated lentil production. High levels of resistance were identified in the wild species Lens ervoides. This resistance was explored through histopathology, qPCR estimation of fungal biomass and transcriptome sequencing in a susceptible and a resistant recombinant inbred line (RIL) of L. ervoides infected with an aggressive isolate of A. lentis. Necrotrophic growth was delayed in the resistant RIL compared to accelerated necrotrophy of A. lentis in the susceptible RIL. Analysis of the fungal secretome indicated that the early activation of cell wall-degrading enzymes contributed to increased virulence of A. lentis. On the host side, gene co-expression analysis revealed that the invasion by A. lentis caused mRNA, DNA and protein decay in infected plants regardless of the level of resistance in the host. The resistant RIL exhibited a stronger gene co-expression in lipid localization and sulfur processes, and cellular responses to nutrients and stimuli than the susceptible RIL. In addition, differential gene analysis revealed that the repression of both, gibberellin signaling and cell death associated with the hypersensitive response (HR), were associated with enhanced A. lentis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cao
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Karan Kapoor
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Li Li
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sabine Banniza
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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31
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Xu M, Liu CL, Fu Y, Liao ZW, Guo PY, Xiong R, Cheng Y, Wei SS, Huang JQ, Tang H. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) HpLRR genes in response to Neoscytalidium dimidiatum infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:160. [PMID: 32293269 PMCID: PMC7161156 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canker disease caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum is a devastating disease resulting in a major loss to the pitaya industry. However, resistance proteins in plants play crucial roles to against pathogen infection. Among resistance proteins, the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein is a major family that plays crucial roles in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses, especially in disease defense. RESULTS In the present study, a transcriptomics analysis identified a total of 272 LRR genes, 233 of which had coding sequences (CDSs), in the plant pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in response to fungal Neoscytalidium dimidiatum infection. These genes were divided into various subgroups based on specific domains and phylogenetic analysis. Molecular characterization, functional annotation of proteins, and an expression analysis of the LRR genes were conducted. Additionally, four LRR genes (CL445.Contig4_All, Unigene28_All, CL28.Contig2_All, and Unigene2712_All, which were selected because they had the four longest CDSs were further assessed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) at different fungal infection stages in different pitaya species (Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus), in different pitaya tissues, and after treatment with salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and abscisic acid (ABA) hormones. The associated protein functions and roles in signaling pathways were identified. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive overview of the HpLRR family genes at transcriptional level in pitaya in response to N. dimidiatum infection, it will be helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of pitaya canker disease, and lay a strong foundation for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Li Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Fu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wen Liao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan-Yang Guo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Quan Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Tang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
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Ecotopic Expression of the Antimicrobial Peptide DmAMP1W Improves Resistance of Transgenic Wheat to Two Diseases: Sharp Eyespot and Common Root Rot. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020647. [PMID: 31963767 PMCID: PMC7014311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple crop. Sharp eyespot and common root rot are destructive diseases of wheat. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this study, we synthesized the DmAMP1W gene, encoding Dahlia merckii DmAMP1, and investigated the antifungal role of DmAMP1W in vitro and in transgenic wheat. Protein electrophoresis analysis and in vitro inhibition results demonstrated that the synthesized DmAMP1W correctly translated to the expected peptide DmAMP1W, and the purified peptide inhibited growths of the fungi Rhizoctonia cerealis and Bipolaris sorokiniana, the pathogenic causes of wheat sharp eyespot and common root rot. DmAMP1W was introduced into a wheat variety Zhoumai18 via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The molecular characteristics indicated that DmAMP1W could be heritable and expressed in five transgenic wheat lines in T1–T2 generations. Average sharp eyespot infection types of these five DmAMP1W transgenic wheat lines in T1–T2 generations decreased 0.69–1.54 and 0.40–0.82 compared with non-transformed Zhoumai18, respectively. Average common root rot infection types of these transgenic lines and non-transformed Zhoumai18 were 1.23–1.48 and 2.27, respectively. These results indicated that DmAMP1W-expressing transgenic wheat lines displayed enhanced-resistance to both sharp eyespot and common root rot. This study provides new broad-spectrum antifungal resources for wheat breeding.
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Li TG, Wang BL, Yin CM, Zhang DD, Wang D, Song J, Zhou L, Kong ZQ, Klosterman SJ, Li JJ, Adamu S, Liu TL, Subbarao KV, Chen JY, Dai XF. The Gossypium hirsutum TIR-NBS-LRR gene GhDSC1 mediates resistance against Verticillium wilt. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:857-876. [PMID: 30957942 DOI: 10.5897/ajmr11.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Improving genetic resistance is a preferred method to manage Verticillium wilt of cotton and other hosts. Identifying host resistance is difficult because of the dearth of resistance genes against this pathogen. Previously, a novel candidate gene involved in Verticillium wilt resistance was identified by a genome-wide association study using a panel of Gossypium hirsutum accessions. In this study, we cloned the candidate resistance gene from cotton that encodes a protein sharing homology with the TIR-NBS-LRR receptor-like defence protein DSC1 in Arabidopsis thaliana (hereafter named GhDSC1). GhDSC1 expressed at higher levels in response to Verticillium wilt and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment in resistant cotton cultivars as compared to susceptible cultivars and its product was localized to nucleus. The transfer of GhDSC1 to Arabidopsis conferred Verticillium resistance in an A. thaliana dsc1 mutant. This resistance response was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and increased expression of JA-signalling-related genes. Furthermore, the expression of GhDSC1 in response to Verticillium wilt and JA signalling in A. thaliana displayed expression patterns similar to GhCAMTA3 in cotton under identical conditions, suggesting a coordinated DSC1 and CAMTA3 response in A. thaliana to Verticillium wilt. Analyses of GhDSC1 sequence polymorphism revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference between resistant and susceptible cotton accessions, within the P-loop motif encoded by GhDSC1. This SNP difference causes ineffective activation of defence response in susceptible cultivars. These results demonstrated that GhDSC1 confers Verticillium resistance in the model plant system of A. thaliana, and therefore represents a suitable candidate for the genetic engineering of Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Gang Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bao-Li Wang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chun-Mei Yin
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Song
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Kong
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Steven J Klosterman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, California, USA
| | - Jun-Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sabiu Adamu
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ting-Li Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Krishna V Subbarao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, c/o United States Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, California, USA
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Dai
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
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Li T, Wang B, Yin C, Zhang D, Wang D, Song J, Zhou L, Kong Z, Klosterman SJ, Li J, Adamu S, Liu T, Subbarao KV, Chen J, Dai X. The Gossypium hirsutum TIR-NBS-LRR gene GhDSC1 mediates resistance against Verticillium wilt. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:857-876. [PMID: 30957942 PMCID: PMC6637886 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Improving genetic resistance is a preferred method to manage Verticillium wilt of cotton and other hosts. Identifying host resistance is difficult because of the dearth of resistance genes against this pathogen. Previously, a novel candidate gene involved in Verticillium wilt resistance was identified by a genome-wide association study using a panel of Gossypium hirsutum accessions. In this study, we cloned the candidate resistance gene from cotton that encodes a protein sharing homology with the TIR-NBS-LRR receptor-like defence protein DSC1 in Arabidopsis thaliana (hereafter named GhDSC1). GhDSC1 expressed at higher levels in response to Verticillium wilt and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment in resistant cotton cultivars as compared to susceptible cultivars and its product was localized to nucleus. The transfer of GhDSC1 to Arabidopsis conferred Verticillium resistance in an A. thaliana dsc1 mutant. This resistance response was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and increased expression of JA-signalling-related genes. Furthermore, the expression of GhDSC1 in response to Verticillium wilt and JA signalling in A. thaliana displayed expression patterns similar to GhCAMTA3 in cotton under identical conditions, suggesting a coordinated DSC1 and CAMTA3 response in A. thaliana to Verticillium wilt. Analyses of GhDSC1 sequence polymorphism revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference between resistant and susceptible cotton accessions, within the P-loop motif encoded by GhDSC1. This SNP difference causes ineffective activation of defence response in susceptible cultivars. These results demonstrated that GhDSC1 confers Verticillium resistance in the model plant system of A. thaliana, and therefore represents a suitable candidate for the genetic engineering of Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐Gang Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Bao‐Li Wang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Chun‐Mei Yin
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Dan‐Dan Zhang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing100193China
| | - Dan Wang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Jian Song
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing100193China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Kong
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Steven J. Klosterman
- United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceSalinasCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jun‐Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Sabiu Adamu
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Ting‐Li Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of AgrobiologyJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingJiangsu210014China
| | - Krishna V. Subbarao
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of California, Davis, c/o United States Agricultural Research StationSalinasCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jie‐Yin Chen
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing100193China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Dai
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing100193China
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Kant R, Dasgupta I. Gene silencing approaches through virus-based vectors: speeding up functional genomics in monocots. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:3-18. [PMID: 30850930 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The design and use of existing VIGS vectors for revealing monocot gene functions are described and potential new vectors are discussed, which may expand their repertoire. Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a method of transient gene silencing in plants, triggered by the use of modified viral vectors. VIGS has found widespread use in deciphering the functions of plant genes, mainly for dicots. In the last decade, however, its use in monocots has increased noticeably, involving not only previously described viruses for monocots, but also those described for dicots. Additional viruses have been modified for VIGS to bring a larger collection of monocots under the ambit of this method. For monocots, new methods of inoculation have been tried to obtain increased silencing efficiency. The issue of insert stability and duration of silencing have also been addressed by various research groups. VIGS has been used to unravel the functions of a fairly large collection of monocot genes. This review summarizes the above developments, bringing out some of the gaps in our understanding and identifies directions to develop this technology further in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Indranil Dasgupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Lorang J. Necrotrophic Exploitation and Subversion of Plant Defense: A Lifestyle or Just a Phase, and Implications in Breeding Resistance. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:332-346. [PMID: 30451636 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-18-0334-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Breeding disease-resistant plants is a critical, environmentally friendly component of any strategy to sustainably feed and clothe the 9.8 billion people expected to live on Earth by 2050. Here, I review current literature detailing plant defense responses as they relate to diverse biological outcomes; disease resistance, susceptibility, and establishment of mutualistic plant-microbial relationships. Of particular interest is the degree to which these outcomes are a function of plant-associated microorganisms' lifestyles; biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, necrotrophic, or mutualistic. For the sake of brevity, necrotrophic pathogens and the necrotrophic phase of pathogenicity are emphasized in this review, with special attention given to the host-specific pathogens that exploit defense. Defense responses related to generalist necrotrophs and mutualists are discussed in the context of excellent reviews by others. In addition, host evolutionary trade-offs of disease resistance with other desirable traits are considered in the context of breeding for durable disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lorang
- Department of Botany, 2082 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
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Kapos P, Devendrakumar KT, Li X. Plant NLRs: From discovery to application. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:3-18. [PMID: 30709490 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants require a complex immune system to defend themselves against a wide range of pathogens which threaten their growth and development. The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) are immune sensors that recognize effectors delivered by pathogens. The first NLR was cloned more than twenty years ago. Since this initial discovery, NLRs have been described as key components of plant immunity responsible for pathogen recognition and triggering defense responses. They have now been described in most of the well-studied mulitcellular plant species, with most having large NLR repertoires. As research has progressed so has the understanding of how NLRs interact with their recognition substrates and how they in turn activate downstream signalling. It has also become apparent that NLR regulation occurs at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Even before the first NLR was cloned, breeders were utilising such genes to increase crop performance. Increased understanding of the mechanistic details of the plant immune system enable the generation of plants resistant against devastating pathogens. This review aims to give an updated summary of the NLR field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kapos
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen Thulasi Devendrakumar
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Haile ZM, Nagpala-De Guzman EG, Moretto M, Sonego P, Engelen K, Zoli L, Moser C, Baraldi E. Transcriptome Profiles of Strawberry ( Fragaria vesca) Fruit Interacting With Botrytis cinerea at Different Ripening Stages. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1131. [PMID: 31620156 PMCID: PMC6759788 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a major cause of economic losses in strawberry fruit production, limiting fruit shelf life and commercialization. When the fungus infects Fragaria × ananassa strawberry at flowering or unripe fruit stages, symptoms develop after an extended latent phase on ripe fruits before or after harvesting. To elucidate the growth kinetics of B. cinerea on flower/fruit and the molecular responses associated with low susceptibility of unripe fruit stages, woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca flowers and fruits, at unripe white and ripe red stages, were inoculated with B. cinerea. Quantification of fungal genomic DNA within 72 h postinoculation (hpi) showed limited fungal growth on open flower and white fruit, while on red fruit, the growth was exponential starting from 24 hpi and sporulation was observed within 48 hpi. RNA sequencing applied to white and red fruit at 24 hpi showed that a total of 2,141 genes (12.5% of the total expressed genes) were differentially expressed due to B. cinerea infection. A broad transcriptional reprogramming was observed in both unripe and ripe fruits, involving in particular receptor and signaling, secondary metabolites, and defense response pathways. Membrane-localized receptor-like kinases and nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat genes were predominant in the surveillance system of the fruits, most of them being downregulated in white fruits and upregulated in red fruits. In general, unripe fruits exhibited a stronger defense response than red fruits. Genes encoding for pathogenesis-related proteins and flavonoid polyphenols as well as genes involved in cell-wall strengthening were upregulated, while cell-softening genes appeared to be switched off. As a result, B. cinerea remained quiescent in white fruits, while it was able to colonize ripe red fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeraye Mehari Haile
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Plant Protection Research Division of Melkasa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | | | - Marco Moretto
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Paolo Sonego
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Kristof Engelen
- ESAT-ELECTA, Electrical Energy and Computer Architectures, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Zoli
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Elena Baraldi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Baraldi,
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Niu L, Pan L, Zeng W, Lu Z, Cui G, Fan M, Xu Q, Wang Z, Li G. Dynamic transcriptomes of resistant and susceptible peach lines after infestation by green peach aphids (Myzus persicae Sülzer) reveal defence responses controlled by the Rm3 locus. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:846. [PMID: 30486776 PMCID: PMC6264056 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The green peach aphid (GPA), Myzus persicae (Sülzer), is a widespread phloem-feeding insect that significantly influences the yield and visual quality of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Single dominant gene (Rm3)-based resistance provides effective management of this invasive pest, although little is known about the molecular responses of plants to GPA feeding. Results To illustrate the molecular mechanisms of monogenic resistance in peach to young tissue-infecting GPAs, aphid-resistant/aphid-susceptible peach lines from a segregating population with Rm3/rm3 and rm3/rm3 genotypes were infested with GPAs for 3 to 72 h. Transcriptome analysis of the infested tissues identified 3854 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Although the majority of the DEGs in the resistant line also responded to aphid attack in the susceptible line, the overall magnitude of change was greater in the resistant line than in the susceptible line. The enriched gene ontology of the 3854 DEGs involved in plant defence responses included redox situation, calcium-mediated signalling, transcription factor (e.g., WRKY, MYB, and ERF), MAPK signalling cascade, phytohormone signalling, pathogenesis-related protein, and secondary metabolite terms. Of the 53 genes annotated in a 460 kb interval of the rm3 locus, seven genes were differentially expressed between the aphid-resistant and aphid-susceptible peach lines following aphid infestation. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that the Rm3-dependent resistance relies mainly on the inducible expression of defence-related pathways and signalling elements within hours after the initiation of aphid feeding and that the production of specific secondary metabolites from phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathways can have major effects on peach-aphid interactions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5215-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Wenfang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Guochao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Meili Fan
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
| | - Guohuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Li N, ma X, Short DPG, Li T, Zhou L, Gui Y, Kong Z, Zhang D, Zhang W, Li J, Subbarao KV, Chen J, Dai X. The island cotton NBS-LRR gene GbaNA1 confers resistance to the non-race 1 Verticillium dahliae isolate Vd991. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1466-1479. [PMID: 29052967 PMCID: PMC6638185 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae significantly reduces cotton yields, as host resistance in commercially cultivated Gossypium species is lacking. Understanding the molecular basis of disease resistance in non-commercial Gossypium species could galvanize the development of Verticillium wilt resistance in cultivated species. Nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins play a central role in plant defence against pathogens. In this study, we focused on the relationship between a locus enriched with eight NBS-LRR genes and Verticillium wilt resistance in G. barbadense. Independent virus-induced gene silencing of each of the eight NBS-LRR genes in G. barbadense cultivar Hai 7124 revealed that silencing of GbaNA1 alone compromised the resistance of G. barbadense to V. dahliae isolate Vd991. In cultivar Hai 7124, GbaNA1 could be induced by V. dahliae isolate Vd991 and by ethylene, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. Nuclear protein localization of GbaNA1 was demonstrated by transient expression. Sequencing of the GbaNA1 orthologue in nine G. hirsutum accessions revealed that all carried a non-functional allele, caused by a premature peptide truncation. In addition, all 10 G. barbadense and nine G. hirsutum accessions tested carried a full-length (∼1140 amino acids) homologue of the V. dahliae race 1 resistance gene Gbve1, although some sequence polymorphisms were observed. Verticillium dahliae Vd991 is a non-race 1 isolate that lacks the Ave1 gene. Thus, the resistance imparted by GbaNA1 appears to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from recognition of the fungal effector Ave1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan‐Yang Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Xue‐Feng ma
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Dylan P. G. Short
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA
| | - Ting‐Gang Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Yue‐Jing Gui
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Kong
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Dan‐Dan Zhang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Wen‐Qi Zhang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Jun‐Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | | | - Jie‐Yin Chen
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Dai
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China
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Li NY, Zhou L, Zhang DD, Klosterman SJ, Li TG, Gui YJ, Kong ZQ, Ma XF, Short DPG, Zhang WQ, Li JJ, Subbarao KV, Chen JY, Dai XF. Heterologous Expression of the Cotton NBS-LRR Gene GbaNA1 Enhances Verticillium Wilt Resistance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:119. [PMID: 29467784 PMCID: PMC5808209 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae results in severe losses in cotton, and is economically the most destructive disease of this crop. Improving genetic resistance is the cleanest and least expensive option to manage Verticillium wilt. Previously, we identified the island cotton NBS-LRR-encoding gene GbaNA1 that confers resistance to the highly virulent V. dahliae isolate Vd991. In this study, we expressed cotton GbaNA1 in the heterologous system of Arabidopsis thaliana and investigated the defense response mediated by GbaNA1 following inoculations with V. dahliae. Heterologous expression of GbaNA1 conferred Verticillium wilt resistance in A. thaliana. Moreover, overexpression of GbaNA1 enabled recovery of the resistance phenotype of A. thaliana mutants that had lost the function of GbaNA1 ortholog gene. Investigations of the defense response in A. thaliana showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of genes associated with the ethylene signaling pathway were enhanced significantly following overexpression of GbaNA1. Intriguingly, overexpression of the GbaNA1 ortholog from Gossypium hirsutum (GhNA1) in A. thaliana did not induce the defense response of ROS production due to the premature termination of GhNA1, which lacks the encoded NB-ARC and LRR motifs. GbaNA1 therefore confers Verticillium wilt resistance in A. thaliana by the activation of ROS production and ethylene signaling. These results demonstrate the functional conservation of the NBS-LRR-encoding GbaNA1 in a heterologous system, and the mechanism of this resistance, both of which may prove valuable in incorporating GbaNA1-mediated resistance into other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Yang Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, c/o Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, c/o Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, c/o Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Steven J. Klosterman
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA, United States
| | - Ting-Gang Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, c/o Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Jing Gui
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, c/o Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Kong
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, c/o Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Feng Ma
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, c/o Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Dylan P. G. Short
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Wen-Qi Zhang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, c/o Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, c/o Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Krishna V. Subbarao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Feng Dai, Jie-Yin Chen, Krishna V. Subbarao,
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, c/o Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Feng Dai, Jie-Yin Chen, Krishna V. Subbarao,
| | - Xiao-Feng Dai
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, c/o Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Feng Dai, Jie-Yin Chen, Krishna V. Subbarao,
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Zhu X, Wang Y, Su Z, Lv L, Zhang Z. Silencing of the Wheat Protein Phosphatase 2A Catalytic Subunit TaPP2Ac Enhances Host Resistance to the Necrotrophic Pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1437. [PMID: 30429858 PMCID: PMC6220131 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic type 2A protein phosphatases (protein phosphatase 2A, PP2A) consist of a scaffold subunit A, a regulatory subunit B, and a catalytic subunit C. Little is known about the roles of PP2Ac proteins that are involved in plant responses to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Sharp eyespot, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum), an important staple food crop. Here, we isolated TaPP2Ac-4D from wheat, which encodes a catalytic subunit of the heterotrimeric PP2A, and characterized its properties and role in plant defense response to R. cerealis. Based on the sequence alignment of TaPP2Ac-4D with the draft sequences of wheat chromosomes from the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), it was found that TaPP2Ac-4D gene is located on the long arm of the wheat chromosome 4D and has two homologs assigned on wheat chromosomes 4A and 4B. Sequence and phylogenetic tree analyses revealed that the TaPP2Ac protein is a typical member of the PP2Ac family and belongs to the subfamily II. TaPP2Ac-4B and TaPP2Ac-4D displayed higher transcriptional levels in the R. cerealis-susceptible wheat cultivar Wenmai 6 than those seen in the resistant wheat line CI12633. The transcriptional levels of TaPP2Ac-4B and TaPP2Ac-4D were significantly elevated in wheat R. cerealis after infection and upon H2O2 treatment. Virus-induced gene silencing results revealed that the transcriptional knockdown of TaPP2Ac-4D and TaPP2Ac-4B significantly increased wheat resistance to R. cerealis infection. Meanwhile, the transcriptional levels of certain pathogenesis-related (PR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme encoding genes were increased in TaPP2Ac-silenced wheat plants. These results suggest that TaPP2Ac-4B and TaPP2Ac-4D negatively regulate defense response to R. cerealis infection possibly through modulation of the expression of certain PR and ROS-scavenging enzyme genes in wheat. This study reveals a novel function of the plant PP2Ac genes in plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqi Su
- Institute for Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liangjie Lv
- Institute for Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zengyan Zhang,
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Sagi MS, Deokar AA, Tar’an B. Genetic Analysis of NBS-LRR Gene Family in Chickpea and Their Expression Profiles in Response to Ascochyta Blight Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:838. [PMID: 28580004 PMCID: PMC5437156 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ascochyta blight is one of the major diseases of chickpea worldwide. The genetic resistance to ascochyta blight in chickpea is complex and governed by multiple QTLs. However, the molecular mechanism of quantitative disease resistance to ascochyta blight and the genes underlying these QTLs are still unknown. Most often disease resistance is determined by resistance (R) genes. The most predominant R-genes contain nucleotide binding site and leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) domains. A total of 121 NBS-LRR genes were identified in the chickpea genome. Ninety-eight of these genes contained all essential conserved domains while 23 genes were truncated. The NBS-LRR genes were grouped into eight distinct classes based on their domain architecture. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these genes into two major clusters based on their structural variation, the first cluster with toll or interleukin-1 like receptor (TIR) domain and the second cluster either with or without a coiled-coil domain. The NBS-LRR genes are distributed unevenly across the eight chickpea chromosomes and nearly 50% of the genes are present in clusters. Thirty of the NBS-LRR genes were co-localized with nine of the previously reported ascochyta blight QTLs and were tested as potential candidate genes for ascochyta blight resistance. Expression pattern of these genes was studied in two resistant (CDC Corinne and CDC Luna) and one susceptible (ICCV 96029) genotypes at different time points after ascochyta blight infection using real-time quantitative PCR. Twenty-seven NBS-LRR genes showed differential expression in response to ascochyta blight infection in at least one genotype at one time point. Among these 27 genes, the majority of the NBS-LRR genes showed differential expression after inoculation in both resistant and susceptible genotypes which indicates the involvement of these genes in response to ascochyta blight infection. Five NBS-LRR genes showed genotype specific expression. Our study provides a new insight of NBS-LRR gene family in chickpea and the potential involvement of NBS-LRR genes in response to ascochyta blight infection.
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