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Teng X, Wang Y, Liu L, Yang H, Wu M, Chen X, Ren Y, Wang Y, Duan E, Dong H, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Chen R, Liu S, Liu X, Tian Y, Chen L, Wang Y, Wan J. Rice floury endosperm26 encoding a mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein is essential for RNA-splicing of mitochondrial genes and endosperm development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112151. [PMID: 38848768 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Endosperm, the major storage organ in cereal grains, determines the grain yield and quality. Mitochondria provide the energy for dry matter accumulation, in the endosperm development. Although mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (mtSSBs) play a canonical role in the maintenance of single-stranded mitochondrial DNA, their molecular functions in RNA processing and endosperm development remain obscure. Here, we report a defective rice endosperm mutant, floury endosperm26 (flo26), which develops abnormal starch grains in the endosperm. Map-based cloning and complementation experiments showed that FLO26 allele encodes a mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein, named as mtSSB1.1. Loss of function of mtSSB1.1 affects the transcriptional level of many mitochondrially-encoded genes and RNA splicing of nad1, a core component of respiratory chain complex I in mitochondria. As a result, dysfunctional mature nad1 led to dramatically decreased complex I activity, thereby reducing ATP production. Our results reveal that mtSSB1.1 plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial function and endosperm development by stabilizing the splicing of mitochondrial RNA in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Linglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Erchao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Rongbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yunlu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Liangming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China.
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2
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Jiang Z, Wei Z, Zhang J, Zheng C, Zhu H, Zhai H, He S, Gao S, Zhao N, Zhang H, Liu Q. Source-sink synergy is the key unlocking sweet potato starch yield potential. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7260. [PMID: 39179563 PMCID: PMC11343742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sweet potato starch is in high demand globally for food and industry. However, starch content is negatively correlated with fresh yield. It is urgent to uncover the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms underlying the starch yield of sweet potato. Here we systematically explore source-sink synergy-mediated sweet potato starch yield formation: the production, loading, and transport of photosynthates in leaves, as well as their unloading and allocation in storage roots, lead to starch content divergence between sweet potato varieties. Moreover, we find that six haplotypes of IbPMA1 encoding a plasma membrane H+-ATPase are significantly linked with starch accumulation. Overexpression of IbPMA1 in sweet potato results in significantly increased starch and sucrose contents, while its knockdown exhibits an opposing effect. Furthermore, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor IbbHLH49 directly targets IbPMA1 and activates its transcription. Overexpression of IbbHLH49 notably improves source-sink synergy-mediated fresh yield and starch accumulation in sweet potato. Both IbbHLH49 and IbPMA1 substantially influence sugar transport and starch biosynthesis in source and sink tissues. These findings expand our understanding of starch yield formation and provide strategies and candidate genes for high starch breeding in root and tuber crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaopei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingchang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Wang R, Hao J, Cao C, Li J, Zhang X. Molecular Characteristics of the Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH) Gene Family in Spirometra mansoni (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8802. [PMID: 39201488 PMCID: PMC11354392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The plerocercoid larva of Spirometra mansoni can cause a parasitic zoonosis-sparganosis. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) plays a very important role in the life activities of parasites. However, little is known about the MDH family in S. mansoni. We identified eight new MDH members in S. mansoni in this study. Clustering analysis divided SmMDHs into two groups and revealed patterns similar to the conserved motif organization. RT-qPCR suggested that five MDHs were highly expressed in the mature proglottid and that three MDHs were highly expressed in the gravid proglottid. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SmMDHs contain both conserved family members and members in the process of further diversification. rSmMDH has an NAD binding domain, a dimer interface and a substrate binding domain. Natural SmMDH was immunolocalized in the tissues and follicles around the uterus in the mature or gravid proglottid and eggshells. The maximum forward and reverse reaction activities of rSmMDH were observed at pH 8.5 and 9.0, respectively. The optimum temperature for enzyme activity was 37 °C in the forward reaction and 40 °C in the reverse reaction. These results lay the foundation for studying the molecular functions and mechanisms of MDHs in S. mansoni and related taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (R.W.); (J.H.); (C.C.); (J.L.)
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Xu Q, Jiang J, Jing C, Hu C, Zhang M, Li X, Shen J, Hai M, Zhang Y, Wang D, Dang X. Genome-wide association mapping of quantitative trait loci for chalkiness-related traits in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Front Genet 2024; 15:1423648. [PMID: 39050253 PMCID: PMC11266141 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1423648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Grain chalkiness directly affects the commercial value of rice. Genes related to chalkiness reported thus far have been discovered in mutants, but it has not been identified whether these genes can be used to improve rice quality by breeding. Therefore, discovering more quantitative trait loci (QTLs) or genes related to chalkiness in the rice germplasm is necessary. This study entails a genome-wide association study on the degree of endosperm chalkiness (DEC) and percentage of grains with chalkiness (PGWC) by combining 1.2 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the phenotypic data of 173 rice accessions. Thirteen QTLs for DEC and nine for PGWC were identified, of which four were detected simultaneously for both DEC and PGWC; further, qDEC11/qPGWC11 was identified as the major QTL. By combining linkage disequilibrium analysis and SNP information, LOC_Os11g10170 was identified as the candidate gene for DEC. There were significant differences among the haplotypes of LOC_Os11g10170, and the Hap 1 of LOC_Os11g10170 was observed to reduce the DEC by 6.19%. The qRT-PCR results showed that the gene expression levels in accessions with high DEC values were significantly higher than those in accessions with low DEC values during days 21-42 after flowering, with a maximum at 28 days. These results provide molecular markers and germplasm resources for genetic improvement of the chalkiness-related traits in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Jianhua Jiang
- Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chunyu Jing
- Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinru Li
- Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaming Shen
- Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mei Hai
- Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Dezheng Wang
- Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojing Dang
- Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
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5
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Dong N, Jiao G, Cao R, Li S, Zhao S, Duan Y, Ma L, Li X, Lu F, Wang H, Wang S, Shao G, Sheng Z, Hu S, Tang S, Wei X, Hu P. OsLESV and OsESV1 promote transitory and storage starch biosynthesis to determine rice grain quality and yield. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100893. [PMID: 38581128 PMCID: PMC11287174 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Transitory starch is an important carbon source in leaves, and its biosynthesis and metabolism are closely related to grain quality and yield. The molecular mechanisms controlling leaf transitory starch biosynthesis and degradation and their effects on rice (Oryza sativa) quality and yield remain unclear. Here, we show that OsLESV and OsESV1, the rice orthologs of AtLESV and AtESV1, are associated with transitory starch biosynthesis in rice. The total starch and amylose contents in leaves and endosperms are significantly reduced, and the final grain quality and yield are compromised in oslesv and osesv1 single and oslesv esv1 double mutants. Furthermore, we found that OsLESV and OsESV1 bind to starch, and this binding depends on a highly conserved C-terminal tryptophan-rich region that acts as a starch-binding domain. Importantly, OsLESV and OsESV1 also interact with the key enzymes of starch biosynthesis, granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), GBSSII, and pyruvate orthophosphote dikiase (PPDKB), to maintain their protein stability and activity. OsLESV and OsESV1 also facilitate the targeting of GBSSI and GBSSII from plastid stroma to starch granules. Overexpression of GBSSI, GBSSII, and PPDKB can partly rescue the phenotypic defects of the oslesv and osesv1 mutants. Thus, we demonstrate that OsLESV and OsESV1 play a key role in regulating the biosynthesis of both leaf transitory starch and endosperm storage starch in rice. These findings deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying transitory starch biosynthesis in rice leaves and reveal how the transitory starch metabolism affects rice grain quality and yield, providing useful information for the genetic improvement of rice grain quality and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ruijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Sanfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shaolu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yingqing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Liuyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Feifei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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6
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Peng Y, Liang Z, Cai M, Wang J, Li D, Chen Q, Du X, Gu R, Wang G, Schnable PS, Wang J, Li L. ZmPTOX1, a plastid terminal oxidase, contributes to redox homeostasis during seed development and germination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:460-477. [PMID: 38678554 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Maize plastid terminal oxidase1 (ZmPTOX1) plays a pivotal role in seed development by upholding redox balance within seed plastids. This study focuses on characterizing the white kernel mutant 3735 (wk3735) mutant, which yields pale-yellow seeds characterized by heightened protein but reduced carotenoid levels, along with delayed germination compared to wild-type (WT) seeds. We successfully cloned and identified the target gene ZmPTOX1, responsible for encoding maize PTOX-a versatile plastoquinol oxidase and redox sensor located in plastid membranes. While PTOX's established role involves regulating redox states and participating in carotenoid metabolism in Arabidopsis leaves and tomato fruits, our investigation marks the first exploration of its function in storage organs lacking a photosynthetic system. Through our research, we validated the existence of plastid-localized ZmPTOX1, existing as a homomultimer, and established its interaction with ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase 1 (ZmFNR1), a crucial component of the electron transport chain (ETC). This interaction contributes to the maintenance of redox equilibrium within plastids. Our findings indicate a propensity for excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in wk3735 seeds. Beyond its known role in carotenoids' antioxidant properties, ZmPTOX1 also impacts ROS homeostasis owing to its oxidizing function. Altogether, our results underscore the critical involvement of ZmPTOX1 in governing seed development and germination by preserving redox balance within the seed plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Delin Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Quanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Riliang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Patrick S Schnable
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, 2035 Roy J. Carver Co-Lab, Ames, 50011-3650, Iowa, USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology (MOA), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
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7
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Ganie SA, McMulkin N, Devoto A. The role of priming and memory in rice environmental stress adaptation: Current knowledge and perspectives. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1895-1915. [PMID: 38358119 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Plant responses to abiotic stresses are dynamic, following the unpredictable changes of physical environmental parameters such as temperature, water and nutrients. Physiological and phenotypical responses to stress are intercalated by periods of recovery. An earlier stress can be remembered as 'stress memory' to mount a response within a generation or transgenerationally. The 'stress priming' phenomenon allows plants to respond quickly and more robustly to stressors to increase survival, and therefore has significant implications for agriculture. Although evidence for stress memory in various plant species is accumulating, understanding of the mechanisms implicated, especially for crops of agricultural interest, is in its infancy. Rice is a major food crop which is susceptible to abiotic stresses causing constraints on its cultivation and yield globally. Advancing the understanding of the stress response network will thus have a significant impact on rice sustainable production and global food security in the face of climate change. Therefore, this review highlights the effects of priming on rice abiotic stress tolerance and focuses on specific aspects of stress memory, its perpetuation and its regulation at epigenetic, transcriptional, metabolic as well as physiological levels. The open questions and future directions in this exciting research field are also laid out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Nancy McMulkin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Alessandra Devoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
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Shi Y, Feng J, Wang L, Liu Y, He D, Sun Y, Luo Y, Jin C, Zhang Y. OsMDH12: A Peroxisomal Malate Dehydrogenase Regulating Tiller Number and Salt Tolerance in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3558. [PMID: 37896021 PMCID: PMC10610416 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is an important environmental factor influencing crop growth and yield. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyses the reversible conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) to malate. While many MDHs have been identified in various plants, the biochemical function of MDH in rice remains uncharacterised, and its role in growth and salt stress response is largely unexplored. In this study, the biochemical function of OsMDH12 was determined, revealing its involvement in regulating tiller number and salt tolerance in rice. OsMDH12 localises in the peroxisome and is expressed across various organs. In vitro analysis confirmed that OsMDH12 converts OAA to malate. Seedlings of OsMDH12-overexpressing (OE) plants had shorter shoot lengths and lower fresh weights than wild-type (WT) plants, while osmdh12 mutants displayed the opposite. At maturity, OsMDH12-OE plants had fewer tillers than WT, whereas osmdh12 mutants had more, suggesting OsMDH12's role in tiller number regulation. Moreover, OsMDH12-OE plants were sensitive to salt stress, but osmdh12 mutants showed enhanced salt tolerance. The Na+/K+ content ratio increased in OsMDH12-OE plants and decreased in osmdh12 mutants, suggesting that OsMDH12 might negatively affect salt tolerance through influencing the Na+/K+ balance. These findings hint at OsMDH12's potential as a genetic tool to enhance rice growth and salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Shi
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.S.); (J.F.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.S.); (C.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Jiahui Feng
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.S.); (J.F.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.S.); (C.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.S.); (J.F.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.S.); (C.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Yanchen Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.S.); (J.F.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.S.); (C.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Dujun He
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.S.); (J.F.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.S.); (C.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Yangyang Sun
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.S.); (J.F.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.S.); (C.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Yuehua Luo
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Cheng Jin
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.S.); (J.F.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.S.); (C.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.S.); (J.F.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.S.); (C.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
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9
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Hao Y, Huang F, Gao Z, Xu J, Zhu Y, Li C. Starch Properties and Morphology of Eight Floury Endosperm Mutants in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3541. [PMID: 37896005 PMCID: PMC10610063 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Besides increasing grain yield, improving rice (Oryza sativa L.) quality has been paid more and more attention recently. Cooking and eating quality (CEQ) is an important indicator of rice quality. Since CEQs are quantitative traits and challenging for measurement, efforts have mainly focused on two major genes, Wx and SSIIa. Chalkiness and floury endosperm significantly affect the eating quality of rice, leading to noticeable changes in CEQ. Due to the easily observable phenotype of floury endosperm, cloning single gene mutations that cause floury endosperm and evaluating changes in CEQs indirectly facilitate the exploration of the minor genes controlling CEQ. In this study, eight mutants with different degrees of floury endosperm, generated through ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis, were analyzed. These mutants exhibited wide variation in starch morphology and CEQs. Particularly, the z2 mutant showed spherical starch granules significantly increased rapid visco analyzer (RVA) indexes and urea swelling, while the z4 mutant displayed extremely sharp starch granules and significantly decreased RVA indexes and urea swelling compared to the wild type. Additionally, these mutants still maintained correlations with certain RVA profiles, suggesting that the genes PUL, which affect these indexes, may not undergo mutation. Cloning these mutated genes in the future, especially in z2 and z4, will enhance the genetic network of rice eating quality and hold significant importance for molecular marker-assisted breeding to improve rice quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.H.); (F.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Fudeng Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.H.); (F.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhennan Gao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.H.); (F.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Junfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chunshou Li
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.H.); (F.H.); (Z.G.)
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10
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Zhang J, Li C, Li L, Xi Y, Wang J, Mao X, Jing R. RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase gene TaAIRP2-1B controls spike length in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5014-5025. [PMID: 37310852 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligase genes play important roles in the regulation of plant development. They have been well studied in plants, but have not been sufficiently investigated in wheat. Here, we identified a highly expressed RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase gene TaAIRP2-1B (ABA-insensitive RING protein 2) in wheat spike. Sequence polymorphism and association analysis showed that TaAIRP2-1B is significantly associated with spike length under various conditions. The genotype with haplotype Hap-1B-1 of TaAIRP2-1B has a longer spike than that of Hap-1B-2, and was positively selected in the process of wheat breeding in China. Moreover, the TaAIRP2-1B-overexpressing rice lines have longer panicles compared with wild-type plants. The expression levels of TaAIRP2-1B in Hap-1B-1 accessions were higher than in Hap-1B-2 accessions. Further study revealed that the expression of TaAIRP2-1B was negatively regulated by TaERF3 (ethylene-responsive factor 3) via binding to the Hap-1B-2 promoter, but not via binding of Hap-1B-1. Additionally, several candidate genes interacting with TaAIRP2-1B were obtained by screening the cDNA library of wheat in yeast cells. It was found that TaAIRP2-1B interacted with TaHIPP3 (heavy metal-associated isoprenylated protein 3) and promoted TaHIPP3 degradation. Our study demonstrates that TaAIRP2-1B controls spike length, and the haplotype Hap-1B-1 of TaAIRP2-1B is a favorable natural variation for spike length enhancement in wheat. This work also provides genetic resources and functional markers for wheat molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Long Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yajun Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinguo Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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11
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Kang JW, Lee SK, Shim SH, Shin D, Cho JH, Lee JY, Ko JM, Ji H, Park HM, Ahn EK, Lee JH, Jeon JS. Dry-milled flour rice 'Seolgaeng' harbors a mutated fructose-6-phosphate 2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1231914. [PMID: 37636104 PMCID: PMC10449481 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1231914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
'Seolgaeng', an opaque-endosperm rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, is used to prepare high-quality dry-milled rice flour. The mutation causing its opaque-endosperm phenotype was unknown. Map-based cloning identified a missense mutation in the gene FRUCTOSE-6-PHOSPHATE 2-KINASE/FRUCTOSE-2,6-BISPHOSPHATASE 2 (OsF2KP2) in Seolgaeng. Transfer DNA insertion and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9)-induced f2kp2 mutants exhibited opaque endosperm. Rice harbors another F2KP gene, OsF2KP1. CRISPR/Cas9-induced double mutants of OsF2KP1 and OsF2KP2 (f2kp-d) possessed more opaque endosperm compared to f2kp2 single mutants, whereas the endosperm of the f2kp1 single mutant was normal. Grain hardness and damaged starch content were significantly reduced in f2kp2 mutants compared to the wild type and f2kp1. Amylose content was lower than normal in f2kp2 mutants but not f2kp1. Grain hardness and amylose content were much lower in f2kp-d than in f2kp2. Starch polymerization analysis revealed altered amylopectin structure in f2kp2 and f2kp-d mutants. F2KP activity was lower in f2kp2 and much lower in the double mutants when compared to the wild types, but f2kp1 showed no significant difference. In coleoptiles, hypoxia induced OsF2KP2 expression but downregulated OsF2KP1. These results suggest that OsF2KP2 functions as the main F2KP isoform in endosperm experiencing hypoxia, but OsF2KP1 may partially compensate for the absence of OsF2KP2. We propose that F2KP has a crucial role in inorganic pyrophosphate-utilizing energy metabolism for starch biosynthesis in rice endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Kang
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang,
Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin,
Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju,
Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Shim
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin,
Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Shin
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang,
Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang,
Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang,
Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-min Ko
- Extension Service Bureau, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju,
Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonso Ji
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju,
Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Mi Park
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon,
Republic of Korea
| | - Eok-Keun Ahn
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon,
Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang,
Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin,
Republic of Korea
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12
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Wang X, Liu Y, Hao C, Li T, Majeed U, Liu H, Li H, Hou J, Zhang X. Wheat NAC-A18 regulates grain starch and storage proteins synthesis and affects grain weight. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:123. [PMID: 37147554 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Wheat NAC-A18 regulates both starch and storage protein synthesis in the grain, and a haplotype with positive effects on grain weight showed increased frequency during wheat breeding in China. Starch and seed storage protein (SSP) directly affect the processing quality of wheat grain. The synthesis of starch and SSP are also regulated at the transcriptional level. However, only a few starch and SSP regulators have been identified in wheat. In this study, we discovered a NAC transcription factor, designated as NAC-A18, which acts as a regulator of both starch and SSP synthesis. NAC-A18, is predominately expressed in wheat developing grains, encodes a transcription factor localized in the nucleus, with both activation and repression domains. Ectopic expression of wheat NAC-A18 in rice significantly decreased starch accumulation and increased SSP accumulation and grain size and weight. Dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that NAC-A18 could reduce the expression of TaGBSSI-A1 and TaGBSSI-A2, and enhance the expression of TaLMW-D6 and TaLMW-D1. A yeast one hybrid assay demonstrated that NAC-A18 bound directly to the cis-element "ACGCAA" in the promoters of TaLMW-D6 and TaLMW-D1. Further analysis indicated that two haplotypes were formed at NAC-A18, and that NAC-A18_h1 was a favorable haplotype correlated with higher thousand grain weight. Based on limited population data, NAC-A18_h1 underwent positive selection during Chinese wheat breeding. Our study demonstrates that wheat NAC-A18 regulates starch and SSP accumulation and grain size. A molecular marker was developed for the favorable allele for breeding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunchuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chenyang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Uzma Majeed
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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13
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Wang J, Li C, Mao X, Wang J, Li L, Li J, Fan Z, Zhu Z, He L, Jing R. The wheat basic helix-loop-helix gene TabHLH123 positively modulates the formation of crown roots and is associated with plant height and 1000-grain weight under various conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2542-2555. [PMID: 36749713 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Crown roots are the main components of the fibrous root system in cereal crops and play critical roles in plant adaptation; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying their formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified a wheat basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein, TabHLH123, that interacts with the essential regulator of crown root initiation, MORE ROOT in wheat (TaMOR). TabHLH123 is expressed highly in shoot bases and roots. Ectopic expression of TabHLH123 in rice resulted in more roots compared with the wild type. TabHLH123 regulates the expression of genes controlling crown-root development and auxin metabolism, responses, and transport. In addition, we analysed the nucleotide sequence polymorphisms of TabHLH123s in the wheat genome and identified a superior haplotype, TabHLH123-6B, that is associated with high root dry weight and 1000-grain weight, and short plant height. Our study reveals the role of TabHLH123 in controlling the formation of crown roots and provides beneficial insights for molecular marker-assisted breeding in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030031, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinguo Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Long Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jialu Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zipei Fan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liheng He
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030031, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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14
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Ying Y, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Tappiban P, Zhang Z, Dai G, Deng G, Bao J, Xu F. Identification of a new allele of soluble starch synthase IIIa involved in the elongation of amylopectin long chains in a chalky rice mutant. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 328:111567. [PMID: 36526029 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A chalky endosperm mutant (GM03) induced from an indica rice GLA4 was used to investigate the functional gene in starch biosynthesis. Bulked segregant analysis and sanger sequencing determined that a novel mutation in soluble starch synthase IIIa (SSIIIa) is responsible for the chalky phenotype in GM03. Complementary test by transforming the active SSIIIa gene driven by its native promoter to GM03 recovered the phenotype to its wildtype. The expression of SSIIIa was significantly decreased, while SSIIIa protein was not detected in GM03. The mutation of SSIIIa led to increased expression of most of starch synthesis related genes and elevated the levels of most of proteins in GM03. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used for targeted disruption of SSIIIa, and the mutant lines exhibited chalky endosperm which phenocopied the GM03. Additionally, the starch fine structure in the knockout mutant lines ss3a-1 and ss3a-2 was similar with the GM03, which showed increased amylose content, higher proportions of B1 and B2 chains, much lower proportions of B3 chains and decreased degree of crystallinity, leading to altered thermal properties with lower gelatinization temperature and enthalpy. Collectively, these results suggested that SSIIIa plays an important role in starch synthesis by elongating amylopectin long chains in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Ying
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yaqi Hu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Piengtawan Tappiban
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gaoxing Dai
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Guofu Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Jinsong Bao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China.
| | - Feifei Xu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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15
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Molecular bases of rice grain size and quality for optimized productivity. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:314-350. [PMID: 36710151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The accomplishment of further optimization of crop productivity in grain yield and quality is a great challenge. Grain size is one of the crucial determinants of rice yield and quality; all of these traits are typical quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. Research advances have revealed several molecular and developmental pathways that govern these traits of agronomical importance. This review provides a comprehensive summary of these pathways, including those mediated by G-protein, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phytohormone, transcriptional regulators, and storage product biosynthesis and accumulation. We also generalize the excellent precedents for rice variety improvement of grain size and quality, which utilize newly developed gene editing and conventional gene pyramiding capabilities. In addition, we discuss the rational and accurate breeding strategies, with the aim of better applying molecular design to breed high-yield and superior-quality varieties.
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16
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Jin SK, Xu LN, Yang QQ, Zhang MQ, Wang SL, Wang RA, Tao T, Hong LM, Guo QQ, Jia SW, Song T, Leng YJ, Cai XL, Gao JP. High-resolution quantitative trait locus mapping for rice grain quality traits using genotyping by sequencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1050882. [PMID: 36714703 PMCID: PMC9878556 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a major food crop that sustains approximately half of the world population. Recent worldwide improvements in the standard of living have increased the demand for high-quality rice. Accurate identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for rice grain quality traits will facilitate rice quality breeding and improvement. In the present study, we performed high-resolution QTL mapping for rice grain quality traits using a genotyping-by-sequencing approach. An F2 population derived from a cross between an elite japonica variety, Koshihikari, and an indica variety, Nona Bokra, was used to construct a high-density genetic map. A total of 3,830 single nucleotide polymorphism markers were mapped to 12 linkage groups spanning a total length of 2,456.4 cM, with an average genetic distance of 0.82 cM. Seven grain quality traits-the percentage of whole grain, percentage of head rice, percentage of area of head rice, transparency, percentage of chalky rice, percentage of chalkiness area, and degree of chalkiness-of the F2 population were investigated. In total, 15 QTLs with logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores >4 were identified, which mapped to chromosomes 6, 7, and 9. These loci include four QTLs for transparency, four for percentage of chalky rice, four for percentage of chalkiness area, and three for degree of chalkiness, accounting for 0.01%-61.64% of the total phenotypic variation. Of these QTLs, only one overlapped with previously reported QTLs, and the others were novel. By comparing the major QTL regions in the rice genome, several key candidate genes reported to play crucial roles in grain quality traits were identified. These findings will expedite the fine mapping of these QTLs and QTL pyramiding, which will facilitate the genetic improvement of rice grain quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kui Jin
- JiangsuKey Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Na Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Qing Yang
- JiangsuKey Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Qiu Zhang
- JiangsuKey Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shui-Lian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-An Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Tao
- JiangsuKey Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Min Hong
- JiangsuKey Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Guo
- JiangsuKey Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Wen Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jia Leng
- JiangsuKey Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Cai
- JiangsuKey Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Ping Gao
- JiangsuKey Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Chen X, Ji Y, Zhao W, Niu H, Yang X, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Lei J, Yang H, Chen R, Gu C, Xu H, Dong H, Duan E, Teng X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Wang Y, Wan J. Fructose-6-phosphate-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase regulates energy metabolism and synthesis of storage products in developing rice endosperm. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111503. [PMID: 36270512 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Starch accounts for about 80-85 % of the dry weight of grains and determines yield by impact on grain weight. And, the content and composition of starch also determine appearance, eating, cooking and nutritional quality of rice. By coordinating crucial reactions of the primary carbohydrate metabolism in all eukaryotes, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) is a traffic signal in metabolism. However, the metabolic regulation of starch in plant sink tissues by Fru-2,6-P2 remains unclear. Here we isolated rice mutant floury endosperm23 (flo23) which has opaque endosperm and anomalous compound starch grains (SGs). flo23 mutant grains had reduced contents of starch, lipids and proteins. Map-based cloning and genetic complementation experiments showed that FLO23 encodes a cytoplasmic Fructose-6-phosphate-2-kinase/Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (F2KP). Mutation of OsF2KP2 decreased Fru-2,6-P2 content in endosperm cells, leading to drastically reduced phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and pyruvate contents and disordered glycolysis and energy metabolism. The results imply that OsF2KP2 participates in the glycolytic pathway by providing precursors and energy for synthesis of grain storage compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Weiying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Huanying Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaokang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Rongbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chuanwei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hongyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Erchao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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18
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Dong N, Chen L, Ahmad S, Cai Y, Duan Y, Li X, Liu Y, Jiao G, Xie L, Hu S, Sheng Z, Shao G, Wang L, Tang S, Wei X, Hu P. Genome-Wide Analysis and Functional Characterization of Pyruvate Kinase (PK) Gene Family Modulating Rice Yield and Quality. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315357. [PMID: 36499684 PMCID: PMC9739881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase (PK) is one of the three rate-limiting enzymes of glycolysis, and it plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism. In this study, we have identified 10 PK genes from the rice genome. Initially, these genes were divided into two categories: cytoplasmic pyruvate kinase (PKc) and plastid pyruvate kinase (PKp). Then, an expression analysis revealed that OsPK1, OsPK3, OsPK4, OsPK6, and OsPK9 were highly expressed in grains. Moreover, PKs can form heteropolymers. In addition, it was found that ABA significantly regulates the expression of PK genes (OsPK1, OsPK4, OsPK9, and OsPK10) in rice. Intriguingly, all the genes were found to be substantially involved in the regulation of rice grain quality and yield. For example, the disruption of OsPK3, OsPK5, OsPK7, OsPK8, and OsPK10 and OsPK4, OsPK5, OsPK6, and OsPK10 decreased the 1000-grain weight and the seed setting rate, respectively. Further, the disruption of OsPK4, OsPK6, OsPK8, and OsPK10 through the CRISPR/Cas9 system showed an increase in the content of total starch and a decrease in protein content compared to the WT. Similarly, manipulations of the OsPK4, OsPK8, and OsPK10 genes increased the amylose content. Meanwhile, the grains of all CRISPR mutants and RNAi lines, except ospk6, showed a significant increase in the chalkiness rate compared to the wild type. Overall, this study characterizes the functions of all the genes of the PK gene family and shows their untapped potential to improve rice yield and quality traits.
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Singh J, Garai S, Das S, Thakur JK, Tripathy BC. Role of C4 photosynthetic enzyme isoforms in C3 plants and their potential applications in improving agronomic traits in crops. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:233-258. [PMID: 36309625 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As compared to C3, C4 plants have higher photosynthetic rates and better tolerance to high temperature and drought. These traits are highly beneficial in the current scenario of global warming. Interestingly, all the genes of the C4 photosynthetic pathway are present in C3 plants, although they are involved in diverse non-photosynthetic functions. Non-photosynthetic isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), the decarboxylating enzymes NAD/NADP-malic enzyme (NAD/NADP-ME), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and finally pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) catalyze reactions that are essential for major plant metabolism pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, maintenance of cellular pH, uptake of nutrients and their assimilation. Consistent with this view differential expression pattern of these non-photosynthetic C3 isoforms has been observed in different tissues across the plant developmental stages, such as germination, grain filling, and leaf senescence. Also abundance of these C3 isoforms is increased considerably in response to environmental fluctuations particularly during abiotic stress. Here we review the vital roles played by C3 isoforms of C4 enzymes and the probable mechanisms by which they help plants in acclimation to adverse growth conditions. Further, their potential applications to increase the agronomic trait value of C3 crops is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sampurna Garai
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shubhashis Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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20
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Li F, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liu L, Yan Y, Ji X, Kong F, Zhao Y, Li J, Peng T, Sun H, Du Y, Zhao Q. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveals the Pathway and Metabolites of Grain Quality Under Phytochrome B in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:52. [PMID: 36302917 PMCID: PMC9613846 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grain size and chalkiness is a critical agronomic trait affecting rice yield and quality. The application of transcriptomics to rice has widened the understanding of complex molecular responsive mechanisms, differential gene expression, and regulatory pathways under varying conditions. Similarly, metabolomics has also contributed drastically for rice trait improvements. As master regulators of plant growth and development, phys influence seed germination, vegetative growth, photoperiodic flowering, shade avoidance responses. OsPHYB can regulate a variety of plant growth and development processes, but little is known about the roles of rice gene OsPHYB in modulating grain development. RESULTS In this study, rice phytochrome B (OsPHYB) was edited using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We found that OsPHYB knockout increased rice grain size and chalkiness, and increased the contents of amylose, free fatty acids and soluble sugar, while the gel consistency and contents of proteins were reduced in mutant grains. Furthermore, OsPHYB is involved in the regulation of grain size and chalk formation by controlling cell division and complex starch grain morphology. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that loss of OsPHYB function affects multiple metabolic pathways, especially enhancement of glycolysis, fatty acid, oxidative phosphorylation, and antioxidant pathways, as well as differential expression of starch and phytohormone pathways. An analysis of grain metabolites showed an increase in the free fatty acids and lysophosphatidylcholine, whereas the amounts of sugars, alcohols, amino acids and derivatives, organic acids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, nucleotides and derivatives, and flavonoids decreased, which were significantly associated with grain size and chalk formation. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that, OsPHYB plays an important regulatory role in the growth and development of rice grains, especially grain size and chalkiness. Furthermore, OsPHYB regulates grain size and chalkiness formation by affecting gene metabolism interaction network. Thus, this study not only revealed that OsPHYB plays a vital role in regulating grain size and chalkiness of rice but reveal new functions and highlighted the importance and value of OsPHYB in rice grain development and provide a new strategy for yield and quality improvement in rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15, Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15, Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15, Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15, Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yun Yan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15, Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15, Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fanshu Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15, Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yafan Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15, Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junzhou Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15, Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15, Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15, Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanxiu Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15, Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15, Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, China.
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21
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Screening methods for cereal grains with different starch components: A mini review. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Ying Y, Xu F, Bao J. Combined Effects of Different Alleles of FLO2, Wx and SSIIa on the Cooking and Eating Quality of Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2249. [PMID: 36079631 PMCID: PMC9460582 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of the cooking and eating quality (CEQ) of rice is one of the major objectives of current rice-breeding programs. A few major genes such as Waxy (Wx) and starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) have been successfully applied in molecular breeding. However, their interactive effects on CEQ have not been fully understood. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was constructed by crossing the white-core mutant GM645 with the transparent phenotype of the japonica rice variety Tainung 67 (TN67). GM645 and TN67 contain different alleles of FLOURY ENDOSPERM2 (FLO2), Wx, and SSIIa. The effects of different allele combinations of FLO2, Wx, and SSIIa on the CEQ of rice were investigated. The inbred lines with the mutation allele flo2 had a significantly lower apparent amylose content (AAC), viscosity characteristics except for setback (SB), and gel texture properties compared to those lines with the FLO2 allele. The allelic combination of FLO2 and Wx significantly affected the AAC, breakdown (BD), and gel textural properties, which could explain most of the variations in those rice quality traits that were correlated with AAC. The allelic combination of FLO2 and SSIIa significantly affected the hot paste viscosity (HPV) and pasting temperature (PT). The Wx × SSIIa interaction had a significant effect on the PT. The interaction of FLO2, Wx and SSIIa significantly affected the AAC, cold paste viscosity (CPV), PT, and consistency viscosity (CS). These results highlight the important roles of these quality-related genes in regulating the CEQ of rice and provide new clues for rice-quality improvement by marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaqi Hu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yining Ying
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinsong Bao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
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23
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Zhao D, Zhang C, Li Q, Liu Q. Genetic control of grain appearance quality in rice. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108014. [PMID: 35777622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Grain appearance, one of the key determinants of rice quality, reflects the ability to attract consumers, and is characterized by four major properties: grain shape, chalkiness, transparency, and color. Mining of valuable genes, genetic mechanisms, and breeding cultivars with improved grain appearance are essential research areas in rice biology. However, grain appearance is a complex and comprehensive trait, making it challenging to understand the molecular details, and therefore, achieve precise improvement. This review highlights the current findings of grain appearance control, including a detailed description of the key genes involved in the formation of grain appearance, and the major environmental factors affecting chalkiness. We also discuss the integration of current knowledge on valuable genes to enable accurate breeding strategies for generation of rice grains with superior appearance quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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24
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Sun X, Yuan J, Zhao Z, Gao J, Wen X, Tang F, Kang M, Abliz B, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Wang F, Li Z. Genome-Wide Identification of MDH Family Genes and Their Association with Salt Tolerance in Rice. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111498. [PMID: 35684271 PMCID: PMC9182821 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is widely present in nature and regulates plant growth and development, as well as playing essential roles, especially in abiotic stress responses. Nevertheless, there is no comprehensive knowledge to date on MDH family members in rice. In this study, a total of 12 MDH members in rice were identified through genome-wide analysis and divided into three groups on the basis of their phylogenetic relationship and protein-conserved motifs. Evolutionary analysis showed that MDH proteins from rice, maize and wheat shared a close phylogenetic relationship, and the MDH family was conserved in the long-term process of domestication. We identified two segmental duplication events involving four genes, which could be the major force driving the expansion of the OsMDH family. The expression profile, cis-regulatory elements and qRT-PCR results of these genes revealed that a few OsMDH showed high tissue specificity, almost all of which had stress response elements in the promoter region, and ten MDH members were significantly induced by salt stress. Through gene-based association analysis, we found a significant correlation between salt tolerance at the seedling stage and the genetic variation of OsMDH8.1 and OsMDH12.1. Additionally, we found that the polymorphism in the promoter region of OsMDH8.1 might be related to the salt tolerance of rice. This study aimed to provide valuable information on the functional study of the rice MDH gene family related to salt stress response and revealed that OsMDH8.1 might be an important gene for the cultivar improvement of salt tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.S.); (J.G.); (Z.Z.); (H.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Z.); (B.A.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.S.); (J.G.); (Z.Z.); (H.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.S.); (J.G.); (Z.Z.); (H.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Z.); (B.A.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Z.); (B.A.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.S.); (J.G.); (Z.Z.); (H.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaorong Wen
- Rice Experiment Station in Wensu, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wensu, Aksu 843100, China; (X.W.); (F.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Fusen Tang
- Rice Experiment Station in Wensu, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wensu, Aksu 843100, China; (X.W.); (F.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Mintai Kang
- Rice Experiment Station in Wensu, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wensu, Aksu 843100, China; (X.W.); (F.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Buhaliqem Abliz
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.S.); (J.G.); (Z.Z.); (H.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.S.); (J.G.); (Z.Z.); (H.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
- Rice Experiment Station in Wensu, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wensu, Aksu 843100, China; (X.W.); (F.T.); (M.K.)
- Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zichao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.S.); (J.G.); (Z.Z.); (H.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (Z.L.)
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25
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Wu B, Yun P, Zhou H, Xia D, Gu Y, Li P, Yao J, Zhou Z, Chen J, Liu R, Cheng S, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Lou G, Chen P, Wan S, Zhou M, Li Y, Gao G, Zhang Q, Li X, Lian X, He Y. Natural variation in WHITE-CORE RATE 1 regulates redox homeostasis in rice endosperm to affect grain quality. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1912-1932. [PMID: 35171272 PMCID: PMC9048946 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Grain chalkiness reduces the quality of rice (Oryza sativa) and is a highly undesirable trait for breeding and marketing. However, the underlying molecular cause of chalkiness remains largely unknown. Here, we cloned the F-box gene WHITE-CORE RATE 1 (WCR1), which negatively regulates grain chalkiness and improves grain quality in rice. A functional A/G variation in the promoter region of WCR1 generates the alleles WCR1A and WCR1G, which originated from tropical japonica and wild rice Oryza rufipogon, respectively. OsDOF17 is a transcriptional activator that binds to the AAAAG cis-element in the WCR1A promoter. WCR1 positively affects the transcription of the metallothionein gene MT2b and interacts with MT2b to inhibit its 26S proteasome-mediated degradation, leading to decreased reactive oxygen species production and delayed programmed cell death in rice endosperm. This, in turn, leads to reduced chalkiness. Our findings uncover a molecular mechanism underlying rice chalkiness and identify the promising natural variant WCR1A, with application potential for rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bian Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Peng Yun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Duo Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Pingbo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jialing Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhuqing Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jianxian Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Rongjia Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shiyuan Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Guangming Lou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Pingli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shanshan Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Mingsong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xingming Lian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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26
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Gao H, Niu J, Zhao W, Zhang D, Li S, Xu Y, Liu Y. The Effect and Regulation Mechanism of Powdery Mildew on Wheat Grain Carbon Metabolism. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Gao
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou Normal University Zhengzhou 450044 China
| | - Jishan Niu
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450046 China
| | - Wanyong Zhao
- College of Food and Bioengineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Dale Zhang
- School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Suoping Li
- School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou Normal University Zhengzhou 450044 China
| | - Yumiao Liu
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou Normal University Zhengzhou 450044 China
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27
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Zhang L, Li N, Zhang J, Zhao L, Qiu J, Wei C. The CBM48 domain-containing protein FLO6 regulates starch synthesis by interacting with SSIVb and GBSS in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 108:343-361. [PMID: 34387795 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
FLO6 is involved in starch synthesis by interacting with SSIVb and GBSS in rice. Starch synthesized and stored in plastids including chloroplasts and amyloplasts plays a vital role in plant growth and provides the major energy for human diet. However, the molecular mechanisms by which regulate starch synthesis remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified and characterized a rice floury endosperm mutant M39, which exhibited defective starch granule formation in pericarp and endosperm, accompanied by the decreased starch content and amylose content. The abnormal starch accumulation in M39 pollen grains caused a significant decrease in plant fertility. Chloroplasts in M39 leaves contained no or only one large starch granule. Positional cloning combined with complementary experiment demonstrated that the mutant phenotypes were restored by the FLOURY ENDOSPERM6 (FLO6). FLO6 was generally expressed in various tissues, including leaf, anther and developing endosperm. FLO6 is a chloroplast and amyloplast-localized protein that is able to bind to starch by its carbohydrate-binding module 48 (CBM48) domain. Interestingly, we found that FLO6 interacted with starch synthase IVb (SSIVb) and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI and GBSSII). Together, our results suggested that FLO6 plays a critical role in starch synthesis through cooperating with several starch synthesis enzymes throughout plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Linglong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiajing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Cunxu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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28
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Cai Y, Chen H, Xiao N, Wu Y, Yu L, Chen Z, Liu J, Shi W, Pan C, Li Y, Zhou C, Ji H, Huang N, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Li A. Substandard starch grain4 may function in amyloplast development by influencing starch and lipid metabolism in rice endosperm. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 270:153638. [PMID: 35149441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The amyloplast is a specialized plastid in rice endosperm cells where starch is synthesized and stored as starch granules (SGs). However, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying amyloplast and SG development. In this study, a novel mutant (c134) demonstrating a floury endosperm with enlarged SGs and amyloplasts was identified. The floury endosperm was caused by rounder, loosely packed SG. Grain-quality profile and expression analysis showed reduced contents of total starch and amylose in the c134 mutant, as well as reduced expression of a number of genes involved in starch biosynthesis. Galactosyldiacylglycerol (GDG) content and fatty acid synthesis play important roles in plastid development, and in the c134 endosperm, an obvious decrease in GDG and various fatty acids was observed, with down-regulated expression of various genes involved in lipid biosynthesis. Furthermore, map-based cloning revealed an amino acid substitution (glycine to aspartic acid) in the substandard starch grain4 (SSG4) protein. The results of this study suggest that SSG4 influences the regulation of starch and lipid metabolism as well as amyloplast development, a finding that is useful for potential genetic improvement of rice grain quality in future starch and lipid breeding and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cai
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, China; Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Haiyuan Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ning Xiao
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, China.
| | - Yunyu Wu
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, China.
| | - Ling Yu
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, China.
| | - Zichun Chen
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, China.
| | - Jianju Liu
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, China.
| | - Wei Shi
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, China.
| | - Cunhong Pan
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, China.
| | - Changhai Zhou
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, China.
| | - Hongjuan Ji
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, China.
| | - Niansheng Huang
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, China.
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Aihong Li
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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29
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Lei J, Teng X, Wang Y, Jiang X, Zhao H, Zheng X, Ren Y, Dong H, Wang Y, Duan E, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Yang H, Chen X, Chen R, Zhang Y, Yu M, Xu S, Bao X, Zhang P, Liu S, Liu X, Tian Y, Jiang L, Wang Y, Wan J. Plastidic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 component subunit Alpha1 is involved in galactolipid biosynthesis required for amyloplast development in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:437-453. [PMID: 34655511 PMCID: PMC8882802 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Starch accounts for over 80% of the total dry weight in cereal endosperm and determines the kernel texture and nutritional quality. Amyloplasts, terminally differentiated plastids, are responsible for starch biosynthesis and storage. We screened a series of rice mutants with floury endosperm to clarify the mechanism underlying amyloplast development and starch synthesis. We identified the floury endosperm19 (flo19) mutant which shows opaque of the interior endosperm. Abnormal compound starch grains (SGs) were present in the endosperm cells of the mutant. Molecular cloning revealed that the FLO19 allele encodes a plastid-localized pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 component subunit α1 (ptPDC-E1-α1) that is expressed in all rice tissues. In vivo enzyme assays demonstrated that the flo19 mutant showed decreased activity of the plastidic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. In addition, the amounts of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) were much lower in the developing flo19 mutant endosperm, suggesting that FLO19 participates in fatty acid supply for galactolipid biosynthesis in amyloplasts. FLO19 overexpression significantly increased seed size and weight, but did not affect other important agronomic traits, such as panicle length, tiller number and seed setting rate. An analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism data from a panel of rice accessions identified that the pFLO19L haplotype was positively associated with grain length, implying a potential application in rice breeding. In summary, our study demonstrates that FLO19 is involved in galactolipid biosynthesis which is essential for amyloplast development and starch biosynthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaokang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Erchao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rongbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mingzhou Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shanbin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiuhao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yunlu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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30
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OsbZIP60-mediated unfolded protein response regulates grain chalkiness in rice. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:414-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Zhang L, Wang C, Jia R, Yang N, Jin L, Zhu L, Ma B, Yao YX, Ma F, Li M. Malate metabolism mediated by the cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase gene MdcyMDH affects sucrose synthesis in apple fruit. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac194. [PMID: 36338852 PMCID: PMC9630971 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The types and proportions of soluble sugar and organic acid in fruit significantly affect flavor quality. However, there are few reports on the crosstalk regulation between metabolism of organic acid and sugar in fruit. Here, we found that the overexpression of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase genes (MdcyMDHs) not only increased the malate content but also increased the sucrose concentration in transgenic apple calli and mature fruit. Enzyme activity assays indicated that the overexpression of MdcyMDH1 and MdcyMDH5 enhanced sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity in transgenic materials. RNA-seq and expression analysis showed that the expression levels of SPS genes were up-regulated in MdcyMDH1-overexpressed apple fruit and MdcyMDH5-overexpressed apple calli. Further study showed that the inhibition of MdSPSB2 or MdSPSC2 expression in MdcyMDH1 transgenic fruit could reduce or eliminate, respectively, the positive effect of MdcyMDH1 on sucrose accumulation. Moreover, some starch cleavage-related genes (MdBAM6.1/6.2, MdBMY8.1/8.2, MdISA1) and the key gluconeogenesis-related phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase MdPEPCK1 gene were significantly up-regulated in the transcriptome differentially expressed genes of mature fruit overexpressing MdcyMDH1. These results indicate that alteration of malate metabolism mediated by MdcyMDH might regulate the expression of MdSPSs and SPS activity via affecting starch metabolism or gluconeogenesis, and thus accelerate sucrose synthesis and accumulation in fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Runpu Jia
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018, China
| | - Nanxiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingcheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baiquan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-xin Yao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Zhao S, Wang H, Chen H, Lin L, Liu Q, Wei C. Screening and identification of rice non-floury endosperm mutants with different starch components. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Song J, Zou X, Liu P, Cardoso JA, Schultze-Kraft R, Liu G, Luo L, Chen Z. Differential expressions and enzymatic properties of malate dehydrogenases in response to nutrient and metal stresses in Stylosanthes guianensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:325-337. [PMID: 34954567 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37) is a key enzyme that catalyzes a reversible NAD-dependent dehydrogenase reaction from oxaloacetate (OAA) to malate. Although MDH has been documented to participate in cellular metabolism and redox homeostasis in plants, the roles of MDH members in the tropical legume Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo) remain less definitive. In this study, except SgMDH1 that had been previously characterized, six novel MDH genes were isolated from stylo and were then designated as SgMDH2 to SgMDH7. All of the SgMDH proteins possessed the common features of NAD binding, dimerization interface and substrate binding sites. Expression analysis showed that three SgMDHs exhibited preferential expressions in leaves, and one SgMDH was mainly expressed in roots. Furthermore, SgMDHs were regulated by nutrient deficiencies in stylo roots, especially for phosphorus (-P) and potassium (-K) deficiencies. Differential responses of SgMDHs to trace metal stress and heavy metal toxicity were observed in stylo roots, suggesting the involvement of SgMDHs in the response of stylo to metal stresses. The six novel SgMDHs were subsequently expressed and purified from Escherichia coli to analyze their biochemical properties. Although SgMDHs exhibited variations in subcellular localizations, each SgMDH protein displayed a high level of catalytic efficiency towards OAA and NADH but a low level of catalytic efficiency towards malate and NAD+. In addition, the activities of recombinant SgMDH proteins were pH-dependent and temperature-sensitive, and exhibited differential regulations by various metal ions. These results together suggest the potential roles of SgMDHs in stylo coping with nutrient and metal stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Song
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570110, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570110, China
| | - Pandao Liu
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Juan Andres Cardoso
- Alliance of Biodiversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, A.A.6713, Colombia
| | - Rainer Schultze-Kraft
- Alliance of Biodiversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, A.A.6713, Colombia
| | - Guodao Liu
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570110, China.
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Zhang H, Xu H, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Wang F, Zhu Y. Genetic Control and High Temperature Effects on Starch Biosynthesis and Grain Quality in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:757997. [PMID: 34975940 PMCID: PMC8718882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.757997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Grain quality is one of the key targets to be improved for rice breeders and covers cooking, eating, nutritional, appearance, milling, and sensory properties. Cooking and eating quality are mostly of concern to consumers and mainly determined by starch structure and composition. Although many starch synthesis enzymes have been identified and starch synthesis system has been established for a long time, novel functions of some starch synthesis genes have continually been found, and many important regulatory factors for seed development and grain quality control have recently been identified. Here, we summarize the progress in this field as comprehensively as possible and hopefully reveal some underlying molecular mechanisms controlling eating quality in rice. The regulatory network of amylose content (AC) determination is emphasized, as AC is the most important index for rice eating quality (REQ). Moreover, the regulatory mechanism of REQ, especially AC influenced by high temperature which is concerned as a most harmful environmental factor during grain filling is highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Fulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
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Li R, Tan Y, Zhang H. Regulators of Starch Biosynthesis in Cereal Crops. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237092. [PMID: 34885674 PMCID: PMC8659000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Starch is the main food source for human beings and livestock all over the world, and it is also the raw material for production of industrial alcohol and biofuel. A considerable part of the world’s annual starch production comes from crops and their seeds. With the increasing demand for starch from food and non-food industries and the growing loss of arable land due to urbanization, understanding starch biosynthesis and its regulators is essential to produce the desirable traits as well as more and better polymers via biotechnological approaches in cereal crops. Because of the complexity and flexibility of carbon allocation in the formation of endosperm starch, cereal crops require a broad range of enzymes and one matching network of regulators to control the providential functioning of these starch biosynthetic enzymes. Here, we comprehensively summarize the current knowledge about regulatory factors of starch biosynthesis in cereal crops, with an emphasis on the transcription factors that directly regulate starch biosynthesis. This review will provide new insights for the manipulation of bioengineering and starch biosynthesis to improve starch yields or qualities in our diets and in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310029, China;
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China;
| | - Huali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310029, China;
- Correspondence:
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Zhuang M, Li C, Wang J, Mao X, Li L, Yin J, Du Y, Wang X, Jing R. The wheat SHORT ROOT LENGTH 1 gene TaSRL1 controls root length in an auxin-dependent pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6977-6989. [PMID: 34328188 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The root is the main organ for water and nutrient uptake and sensing environmental stimuli in the soil. The optimization of root system architecture contributes to stress tolerance and yield improvement. ERF (ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR) is one of the plant-specific transcription factor families associated with various developmental processes and stress tolerance. We cloned a novel ERF transcription factor gene TaSRL1 (SHORT ROOT LENGTH 1) from wheat (Triticum aestivum) which is mainly expressed in root. Ectopic expression of TaSRL1 in rice resulted in short root length and plant height. TaSRL1 regulated expression of genes related to auxin synthesis, transport, and signaling. Further studies revealed that TaSRL1 induced expression of the auxin transport gene TaPIN2 by directly binding to its promoter, while the interaction of TaSRL1 and TaTIFY9 repressed TaPIN2 expression. Sequence polymorphisms and association analysis showed that TaSRL1-4A was associated with root depth and angle, plant height, and 1000-grain weight of wheat. The haplotype Hap-4A-2 with shallow roots, short plant height, and high 1000-grain weight has been positively selected in the Chinese wheat breeding process. We demonstrated that TaSRL1 functions as a direct regulator of TaPIN2 in the auxin-dependent pathway, and integrates auxin and jasmonate signaling by interacting with TaTIFY9 to repress root growth. Furthermore, the molecular marker of TaSRL1-4A is valuable for the improvement of the root system, plant architecture, and yield in the wheat breeding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Zhuang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinguo Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Long Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Yin
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Du
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Chen K, Łyskowski A, Jaremko Ł, Jaremko M. Genetic and Molecular Factors Determining Grain Weight in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:605799. [PMID: 34322138 PMCID: PMC8313227 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.605799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Grain weight is one of the major factors determining single plant yield production of rice and other cereal crops. Research has begun to reveal the regulatory mechanisms underlying grain weight as well as grain size, highlighting the importance of this research for plant molecular biology. The developmental trait of grain weight is affected by multiple molecular and genetic aspects that lead to dynamic changes in cell division, expansion and differentiation. Additionally, several important biological pathways contribute to grain weight, such as ubiquitination, phytohormones, G-proteins, photosynthesis, epigenetic modifications and microRNAs. Our review integrates early and more recent findings, and provides future perspectives for how a more complete understanding of grain weight can optimize strategies for improving yield production. It is surprising that the acquired wealth of knowledge has not revealed more insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. To accelerating molecular breeding of rice and other cereals is becoming an emergent and critical task for agronomists. Lastly, we highlighted the importance of leveraging gene editing technologies as well as structural studies for future rice breeding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrzej Łyskowski
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Pasion EA, Badoni S, Misra G, Anacleto R, Parween S, Kohli A, Sreenivasulu N. OsTPR boosts the superior grains through increase in upper secondary rachis branches without incurring a grain quality penalty. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1396-1411. [PMID: 33544455 PMCID: PMC8313136 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To address the future food security in Asia, we need to improve the genetic gain of grain yield while ensuring the consumer acceptance. This study aimed to identify novel genes influencing the number of upper secondary rachis branches (USRB) to elevate superior grains without compromising grain quality by studying the genetic variance of 310 diverse O. sativa var. indica panel using single- and multi-locus genome-wide association studies (GWAS), gene set analyses and gene regulatory network analysis. GWAS of USRB identified 230 significant (q-value < 0.05) SNPs from chromosomes 1 and 2. GWAS targets narrowed down using gene set analyses identified large effect association on an important locus LOC_Os02g50790/LOC_Os02g50799 encoding a nuclear-pore anchor protein (OsTPR). The superior haplotype derived from non-synonymous SNPs identified in OsTPR was specifically associated with increase in USRB with superior grains being low chalk. Through haplotype mining, we further demonstrated the synergy of offering added yield advantage due to superior allele of OsTPR in elite materials with low glycaemic index (GI) property. We further validated the importance of OsTPR using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population by introgressing a superior allele of OsTPR into elite materials resulted in raise in productivity in high amylose background. This confirmed a critical role for OsTPR in influencing yield while maintaining grain and nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erstelle A. Pasion
- Applied Functional Genomics ClusterGrain Quality and Nutrition CentreStrategic Innovation PlatformInternational Rice Research InstituteLos BañosPhilippines
| | - Saurabh Badoni
- Applied Functional Genomics ClusterGrain Quality and Nutrition CentreStrategic Innovation PlatformInternational Rice Research InstituteLos BañosPhilippines
| | - Gopal Misra
- Applied Functional Genomics ClusterGrain Quality and Nutrition CentreStrategic Innovation PlatformInternational Rice Research InstituteLos BañosPhilippines
| | - Roslen Anacleto
- Applied Functional Genomics ClusterGrain Quality and Nutrition CentreStrategic Innovation PlatformInternational Rice Research InstituteLos BañosPhilippines
| | - Sabiha Parween
- Applied Functional Genomics ClusterGrain Quality and Nutrition CentreStrategic Innovation PlatformInternational Rice Research InstituteLos BañosPhilippines
| | - Ajay Kohli
- Applied Functional Genomics ClusterGrain Quality and Nutrition CentreStrategic Innovation PlatformInternational Rice Research InstituteLos BañosPhilippines
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Applied Functional Genomics ClusterGrain Quality and Nutrition CentreStrategic Innovation PlatformInternational Rice Research InstituteLos BañosPhilippines
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39
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Xie Q, Xu J, Huang K, Su Y, Tong J, Huang Z, Huang C, Wei M, Lin W, Xiao L. Dynamic formation and transcriptional regulation mediated by phytohormones during chalkiness formation in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:308. [PMID: 34193032 PMCID: PMC8247166 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Chalkiness, the opaque part in the kernel endosperm formed by loosely piled starch and protein bodies. Chalkiness is a complex quantitative trait regulated by multiple genes and various environmental factors. Phytohormones play important roles in the regulation of chalkiness formation but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear at present. RESULTS In this research, Xiangzaoxian24 (X24, pure line of indica rice with high-chalkiness) and its origin parents Xiangzaoxian11 (X11, female parent, pure line of indica rice with high-chalkiness) and Xiangzaoxian7 (X7, male parent, pure line of indica rice with low-chalkiness) were used as materials. The phenotype, physiological and biochemical traits combined with transcriptome analysis were conducted to illustrate the dynamic process and transcriptional regulation of rice chalkiness formation. Impressively, phytohormonal contents and multiple phytohormonal signals were significantly different in chalky caryopsis, suggesting the involvement of phytohormones, particularly ABA and auxin, in the regulation of rice chalkiness formation, through the interaction of multiple transcription factors and their downstream regulators. CONCLUSION These results indicated that chalkiness formation is a dynamic process associated with multiple genes, forming a complex regulatory network in which phytohormones play important roles. These results provided informative clues for illustrating the regulatory mechanisms of chalkiness formation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jinke Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yi Su
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jianhua Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Manlin Wei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wanhuang Lin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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40
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Lou G, Chen P, Zhou H, Li P, Xiong J, Wan S, Zheng Y, Alam M, Liu R, Zhou Y, Yang H, Tian Y, Bai J, Rao W, Tan X, Gao H, Li Y, Gao G, Zhang Q, Li X, Liu C, He Y. FLOURY ENDOSPERM19 encoding a class I glutamine amidotransferase affects grain quality in rice. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:36. [PMID: 37309330 PMCID: PMC10236042 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a staple food for more than half of the world's population, the importance of rice is self-evident. Compared with ordinary rice, rice cultivars with superior eating quality and appearance quality are more popular with consumers due to their unique taste and ornamental value, even if their price is much higher. Appearance quality and CEQ (cooking and eating quality) are two very important aspects in the evaluation of rice quality. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study on floury endosperm in a diverse panel of 533 cultivated rice accessions. We identified a batch of potential floury genes and prioritize one (LOC_Os03g48060) for functional analyses. Two floury outer endosperm mutants (flo19-1 and flo19-2) were generated through editing LOC_Os03g48060 (named as FLO19 in this study), which encodes a class I glutamine amidotransferase. The different performances of the two mutants in various storage substances directly led to completely different changes in CEQ. The mutation of FLO19 gene caused the damage of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in rice, which affected the normal growth and development of rice, including decreased plant height and yield loss by decreased grain filling rate. Through haplotype analysis, we identified a haplotype of FLO19 that can improve both CEQ and appearance quality of rice, Hap2, which provides a selection target for rice quality improvement, especially for high-yield indica rice varieties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01226-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Lou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingli Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, The Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Hao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingbo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mufid Alam
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongjia Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanyuan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yahong Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenting Rao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haozhou Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanguang Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, The Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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41
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Yu M, Wu M, Ren Y, Wang Y, Li J, Lei C, Sun Y, Bao X, Wu H, Yang H, Pan T, Wang Y, Jing R, Yan M, Zhang H, Zhao L, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Guo X, Cheng Z, Yang B, Jiang L, Wan J. Rice FLOURY ENDOSPERM 18 encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein required for 5' processing of mitochondrial nad5 messenger RNA and endosperm development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:834-847. [PMID: 33283410 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, composing one of the largest protein families in plants, are involved in RNA binding and regulation of organelle RNA metabolism at the post-transcriptional level. Although several PPR proteins have been implicated in endosperm development in rice (Oryza sativa), the molecular functions of many PPRs remain obscure. Here, we identified a rice endosperm mutant named floury endosperm 18 (flo18) with pleiotropic defects in both reproductive and vegetative development. Map-based cloning and complementation tests showed that FLO18 encodes a mitochondrion-targeted P-type PPR protein with 15 PPR motifs. Mitochondrial function was disrupted in the flo18 mutant, as evidenced by decreased assembly of Complex I in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and altered mitochondrial morphology. Loss of FLO18 function resulted in defective 5'-end processing of mitochondrial nad5 transcripts encoding subunit 5 of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogenase. These results suggested that FLO18 is involved in 5'-end processing of nad5 messenger RNA and plays an important role in mitochondrial function and endosperm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jingfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yinglun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiuhao Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tian Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruonan Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengyuan Yan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Houda Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Wang R, Ren Y, Yan H, Teng X, Zhu X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Guo X, Lin Q, Cheng Z, Lei C, Wang J, Jiang L, Wang Y, Wan J. ENLARGED STARCH GRAIN1 affects amyloplast development and starch biosynthesis in rice endosperm. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 305:110831. [PMID: 33691965 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cereal crops accumulate large amounts of starch which is synthesized and stored in amyloplasts in the form of starch grains (SGs). Despite significant progress in deciphering starch biosynthesis, our understanding of amyloplast development in rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm remains largely unknown. Here, we report a novel rice floury mutant named enlarged starch grain1 (esg1). The mutant has decreased starch content, altered starch physicochemical properties, slower grain-filling rate and reduced 1000-grain weight. A distinctive feature in esg1 endosperm is that SGs are much larger, mainly due to an increased number of starch granules per SG. Spherical and loosely assembled granules, together with those weakly stained SGs may account for decreased starch content in esg1. Map-based cloning revealed that ESG1 encodes a putative permease subunit of a bacterial-type ABC (ATP-binding cassette) lipid transporter. ESG1 is constitutively expressed in various tissues. It encodes a protein localized to the chloroplast and amyloplast membranes. Mutation of ESG1 causes defective galactolipid synthesis. The overall study indicates that ESG1 is a newly identified protein affecting SG development and subsequent starch biosynthesis, which provides novel insights into amyloplast development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haigang Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaopin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiulin Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Wang L, Zhang W, Liu S, Tian Y, Liu X, Yan H, Cai Y, Teng X, Dong H, Chen R, Jiang X, Wang Y, Wan J. Rice FLOURY SHRUNKEN ENDOSPERM 5 Encodes a Putative Plant Organelle RNA Recognition Protein that Is Required for cis-Splicing of Mitochondrial nad4 Intron 1. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:29. [PMID: 33689034 PMCID: PMC7947098 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sequences of several important mitochondrion-encoded genes involved in respiration in higher plants are interrupted by introns. Many nuclear-encoded factors are involved in splicing these introns, but the mechanisms underlying this splicing remain unknown. RESULTS We isolated and characterized a rice mutant named floury shrunken endosperm 5 (fse5). In addition to having floury shrunken endosperm, the fse5 seeds either failed to germinate or produced seedlings which grew slowly and died ultimately. Fse5 encodes a putative plant organelle RNA recognition (PORR) protein targeted to mitochondria. Mutation of Fse5 hindered the splicing of the first intron of nad4, which encodes an essential subunit of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase complex I. The assembly and NADH dehydrogenase activity of complex I were subsequently disrupted by this mutation, and the structure of the mitochondria was abnormal in the fse5 mutant. The FSE5 protein was shown to interact with mitochondrial intron splicing factor 68 (MISF68), which is also a splicing factor for nad4 intron 1 identified previously via yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays. CONCLUSION Fse5 which encodes a PORR domain-containing protein, is essential for the splicing of nad4 intron 1, and loss of Fse5 function affects seed development and seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunlu Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haigang Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yue Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rongbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaokang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Three cytosolic NAD-malate dehydrogenase isoforms of Arabidopsis thaliana: on the crossroad between energy fluxes and redox signaling. Biochem J 2021; 477:3673-3693. [PMID: 32897311 PMCID: PMC7538154 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In yeast and animal cells, mitochondrial disturbances resulting from imbalances in the respiratory chain require malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities for re-directing fluxes of reducing equivalents. In plants, in addition to mitochondria, plastids use malate valves to counterbalance and maintain redox-homeostasis. Arabidopsis expresses three cytosolic MDH isoforms, namely cyMDH1, cyMDH2, and cyMDH3, the latter possessing an N-terminal extension carrying a unique cysteine residue C2. In this study, redox-effects on activity and structure of all three cyMDH isoforms were analyzed in vitro. cyMDH1 and cyMDH2 were reversibly inactivated by diamide treatment, accompanied by dimerization via disulfide-bridge formation. In contrast, cyMDH3 forms dimers and higher oligomers upon oxidation, but its low specific activity is redox-independent. In the presence of glutathione, cyMDH1 and cyMDH2 are protected from dimerization and inactivation. In contrast, cyMDH3 still dimerizes but does not form oligomers any longer. From analyses of single and double cysteine mutants and structural modeling of cyMDH3, we conclude that the presence of C2 and C336 allows for multiple cross-links in the higher molecular mass complexes comprising disulfides within the dimer as well as between monomers of two different dimers. Furthermore, nuclear localization of cyMDH isoforms was significantly increased under oxidizing conditions in isolated Arabidopsis protoplasts, in particular of isoform cyMDH3. The unique cyMDH3 C2-C2-linked dimer is, therefore, a good candidate as a redox-sensor taking over moonlighting functions upon disturbances of energy metabolism, as shown previously for the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) where oxidative modification of the sensitive catalytic cysteine residues induces nuclear translocation.
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Chen Y, Fu Z, Zhang H, Tian R, Yang H, Sun C, Wang L, Zhang W, Guo Z, Zhang X, Tang J. Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase 4 modulates cellular energetics and storage reserve accumulation in maize endosperm. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2420-2435. [PMID: 32436613 PMCID: PMC7680550 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is a key enzyme that regulates the interconversion between malate and oxaloacetate (OAA). However, its role in modulating storage compound accumulation in maize endosperm is largely unknown. Here, we characterized a novel naturally occurring maize mdh4-1 mutant, which produces small, opaque kernels and exhibits reduced starch but enhanced lysine content. Map-based cloning, functional complementation and allelism analyses identified ZmMdh4 as the causal gene. Enzymatic assays demonstrated that ZmMDH4 predominantly catalyses the conversion from OAA to malate. In comparison, the activity of the mutant enzyme, which lacks one glutamic acid (Glu), was completed abolished, demonstrating that the Glu residue was essential for ZmMDH4 function. Knocking down ZmMdh4 in vivo led to a substantial metabolic shift towards glycolysis and a dramatic disruption in the activity of the mitochondrial complex I, which was correlated with transcriptomic alterations. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ZmMdh4 regulates the balance between mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, ATP production and endosperm development, through a yet unknown feedback regulatory mechanism in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Runmiao Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Huili Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Canran Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Lulin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Wen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Jukanti AK, Pautong PA, Liu Q, Sreenivasulu N. Low glycemic index rice—a desired trait in starchy staples. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lee SK, Jeon JS. Review: Crucial role of inorganic pyrophosphate in integrating carbon metabolism from sucrose breakdown to starch synthesis in rice endosperm. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110572. [PMID: 32771173 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The endosperm is a primary constituent of mature seeds in rice as well as in other cereal crops, serving as the major storage reserve of starch. Observations indicate that the central part of the endosperm is subject to hypoxic conditions, which require a switch of energy metabolism owing to limited mitochondrial respiration. Uniquely, this endosperm generates a large source of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) as a byproduct of the reaction of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase in the cytosol. Recent results derived from examination of the mutants of cereal crops, especially rice, for PPi-utilizing enzymes clearly suggest an important role of PPi as an alternative energy currency for integrating carbon metabolism from sucrose breakdown to starch synthesis in the endosperm. Thus, the present review provides an outline of the interlaced PPi-dependent metabolic pathways, which are critical for starch synthesis in the endosperm in terms of energy metabolism, along with its application to enhance yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea.
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Hu L, Tu B, Yang W, Yuan H, Li J, Guo L, Zheng L, Chen W, Zhu X, Wang Y, Qin P, Ma B, Li S. Mitochondria-Associated Pyruvate Kinase Complexes Regulate Grain Filling in Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1073-1087. [PMID: 32376763 PMCID: PMC7333716 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Grain filling is a complex agronomic trait that directly determines grain weight and quality in rice (Oryza sativa). Nevertheless, key factors affecting grain filling remain poorly understood. Here, we identified a grain filling gene, OsPK3, encoding a pyruvate kinase (PK). The loss of function of OsPK3 caused reduced PK activity and Suc translocation defects from source to sink in rice, which led to compromised grain filling. OsPK3 was constitutively expressed but had relatively higher expression levels in leaf and developing caryopsis and specific expression signals in tissues involved in Suc transport and unloading, supporting its biological function in regulation of grain filling by affecting Suc translocation. Subcellular localization analysis of OsPK3 revealed its association with mitochondria, and OsPK3 physically interacted and formed heterodimers in vivo with two other PK isozymes, OsPK1 and OsPK4. Both OsPK1 and OsPK4 localized to the mitochondria and cytosol and were recruited to the mitochondria by OsPK3. Despite their high sequence similarity, OsPK1 and OsPK4 had distinct expression patterns. As observed for ospk3, disruption of OsPK1 caused pleiotropic defects, while OsPK4 loss of function led to severely chalky grains without other obvious defects. Collectively, we revealed that two mitochondria-associated pyruvate kinase complexes, OsPK3-OsPK1/OsPK4, are involved in regulation of grain filling by stage-specific fine-tuning of Suc translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialian Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianan Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
- Hybrid Rice Research Center of Neijiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Neijiang, Sichuan 641000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilan Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Qin
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingtian Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Shigui Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
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Xu A, Wei C. Comprehensive comparison and applications of different sections in investigating the microstructure and histochemistry of cereal kernels. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:8. [PMID: 32021644 PMCID: PMC6995210 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-0558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the main applications of different sections and some improved sectioning methods in investigating the microstructure and histochemistry of cereal kernels. Thick sections of developing kernels prepared by free-hand and sliding microtome-aided sectioning method can be employed to elucidate tissue anatomy and histochemistry. The thin sections of mature kernels prepared by ultramicrotome-aided sectioning method can exhibit the micromorphology of starch granules when stained with iodine solution. The paraffin sections of developing kernels can exhibit the tissue anatomy of kernel, the accumulation of storage substances, and the location of protein and gene transcripts with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques. The semithin resin sections can clearly exhibit the morphology of cells, starch granules, and protein bodies in kernel, but the sections prepared with different resins have various advantages and disadvantages for research investigating the morphology and histochemistry of cereal kernels. The improved methods of free-hand sectioning and ultramicrotome-aided sectioning of mature kernels are suitable for investigating the morphology of starch granules in a large number of samples in a short time. The modified method for preparing resin sections of whole kernels can be employed to determine the morphology and distribution of cells, starch granules, and storage protein in mature, developing, germinated, and cooked kernels in situ. This review could help researchers choose appropriate sections for investigating the microstructure and histochemistry of cereal kernels according to their study objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Cunxu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
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50
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Nan N, Wang J, Shi Y, Qian Y, Jiang L, Huang S, Liu Y, Wu Y, Liu B, Xu Z. Rice plastidial NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase 1 negatively regulates salt stress response by reducing the vitamin B6 content. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:172-184. [PMID: 31161713 PMCID: PMC6920159 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is an important environmental factor that adversely impacts crop growth and productivity. Malate dehydrogenases (MDHs) catalyse the reversible interconversion of malate and oxaloacetate using NAD(H)/NADP(H) as a cofactor and regulate plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. Vitamin B6 functions as an essential cofactor in enzymatic reactions involved in numerous cellular processes. However, the role of plastidial MDH in rice (Oryza sativa) in salt stress response by altering vitamin B6 content remains unknown. In this study, we identified a new loss-of-function osmdh1 mutant displaying salt stress-tolerant phenotype. The OsMDH1 was expressed in different tissues of rice plants including leaf, leaf sheath, panicle, glume, bud, root and stem and was induced in the presence of NaCl. Transient expression of OsMDH1-GFP in rice protoplasts showed that OsMDH1 localizes to chloroplast. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsMDH1 (OsMDH1OX) displayed a salt stress-sensitive phenotype. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolic profiling revealed that the amount of pyridoxine was significantly reduced in OsMDH1OX lines compared with the NIP plants. Moreover, the pyridoxine content was higher in the osmdh1 mutant and lower in OsMDH1OX plants than in the NIP plants under the salt stress, indicating that OsMDH1 negatively regulates salt stress-induced pyridoxine accumulation. Furthermore, genome-wide RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis indicated that ectopic expression of OsMDH1 altered the expression level of genes encoding key enzymes of the vitamin B6 biosynthesis pathway, possibly reducing the level of pyridoxine. Together, our results establish a novel, negative regulatory role of OsMDH1 in salt stress tolerance by affecting vitamin B6 content of rice tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Nan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yuejie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yangwen Qian
- Biogle Genome Editing CenterChangzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Long Jiang
- School of AgronomyJilin College of Agricultural Science & TechnologyJilinChina
| | - Shuangzhan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zheng‐Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
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