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Huang C, He X, Shi R, Zi S, Xi C, Li X, Liu T. Mycorrhizal fungi reduce the photosystem damage caused by drought stress on Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294394. [PMID: 38635811 PMCID: PMC11025924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought stress (DS) is one of the important abiotic stresses facing cash crops today. Drought can reduce plant growth and development, inhibit photosynthesis, and thus reduce plant yield. In this experiment, we investigated the protective mechanism of AMF on plant photosynthetic system by inoculating Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis(P.py) with a clumping mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) under drought conditions. The drought environment was maintained by weighing AMF plants and non-AMF plants. The relative water content (RWC) of plant leaves was measured to determine its drought effect. DS decreased the RWC of plants, but AMF was able to increase the RWC of plants. chlorophyll a fluorescence curve measurements revealed that DS increased the OKJIP curve of plants, but AMF was able to reduce this trend, indicating that AMF increased the light absorption capacity of plants. DS also caused a decrease in plant Y(I) and Y(II). ETRI and ETRII, and increased Y(NO) and Y(NA) in plants, indicating that DS caused photosystem damage in plants. For the same host, different AMFs did not help to the same extent, but all AMFs were able to help plants reduce this damage and contribute to the increase of plant photosynthesis under normal water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Huang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuhui Zi
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Congfang Xi
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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2
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Ilyas MZ, Sa KJ, Ali MW, Lee JK. Toxic effects of lead on plants: integrating multi-omics with bioinformatics to develop Pb-tolerant crops. PLANTA 2023; 259:18. [PMID: 38085368 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Lead disrupts plant metabolic homeostasis and key structural elements. Utilizing modern biotechnology tools, it's feasible to develop Pb-tolerant varieties by discovering biological players regulating plant metabolic pathways under stress. Lead (Pb) has been used for a variety of purposes since antiquity despite its toxic nature. After arsenic, lead is the most hazardous heavy metal without any known beneficial role in the biological system. It is a crucial inorganic pollutant that affects plant biochemical and morpho-physiological attributes. Lead toxicity harms plants throughout their life cycle and the extent of damage depends on the concentration and duration of exposure. Higher levels of lead exposure disrupt numerous key metabolic activities of plants including oxygen-evolving complex, organelles integrity, photosystem II connectivity, and electron transport chain. This review summarizes the detrimental effects of lead toxicity on seed germination, crop growth, and yield, oxidative and ultra-structural alterations, as well as nutrient absorption, transport, and assimilation. Further, it discusses the Pb-induced toxic modulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, respiration, metabolic-enzymatic activity, osmolytes accumulation, and antioxidant activity. It is a comprehensive review that reports on omics-based studies along with morpho-physiological and biochemical modifications caused by lead stress. With advances in DNA sequencing technologies, genomics and transcriptomics are gradually becoming popular for studying Pb stress effects in plants. Proteomics and metabolomics are still underrated and there is a scarcity of published data, and this review highlights both their technical and research gaps. Besides, there is also a discussion on how the integration of omics with bioinformatics and the use of the latest biotechnological tools can aid in developing Pb-tolerant crops. The review concludes with core challenges and research directions that need to be addressed soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahaib Ilyas
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Sa
- Department of Crop Science, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Korea
| | - Muhammad Waqas Ali
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Center, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ju Kyong Lee
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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Wen Z, White PJ, Shen J, Lambers H. Linking root exudation to belowground economic traits for resource acquisition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1620-1635. [PMID: 34761404 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a root economics space (RES) is increasingly adopted to explore root trait variation and belowground resource-acquisition strategies. Much progress has been made on interactions of root morphology and mycorrhizal symbioses. However, root exudation, with a significant carbon (C) cost (c. 5-21% of total photosynthetically fixed C) to enhance resource acquisition, remains a missing link in this RES. Here, we argue that incorporating root exudation into the structure of RES is key to a holistic understanding of soil nutrient acquisition. We highlight the different functional roles of root exudates in soil phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) acquisition. Thereafter, we synthesize emerging evidence that illustrates how root exudation interacts with root morphology and mycorrhizal symbioses at the level of species and individual plant and argue contrasting patterns in species evolved in P-impoverished vs N-limited environments. Finally, we propose a new conceptual framework, integrating three groups of root functional traits to better capture the complexity of belowground resource-acquisition strategies. Such a deeper understanding of the integrated and dynamic interactions of root morphology, root exudation, and mycorrhizal symbioses will provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying species coexistence and how to explore belowground interactions for sustainable managed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jianbo Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Hans Lambers
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Demmig-Adams B, López-Pozo M, Polutchko SK, Fourounjian P, Stewart JJ, Zenir MC, Adams WW. Growth and Nutritional Quality of Lemnaceae Viewed Comparatively in an Ecological and Evolutionary Context. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:145. [PMID: 35050033 PMCID: PMC8779320 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recently characterized traits of the aquatic floating plant Lemna with an emphasis on its capacity to combine rapid growth with the accumulation of high levels of the essential human micronutrient zeaxanthin due to an unusual pigment composition not seen in other fast-growing plants. In addition, Lemna's response to elevated CO2 was evaluated in the context of the source-sink balance between plant sugar production and consumption. These and other traits of Lemnaceae are compared with those of other floating aquatic plants as well as terrestrial plants adapted to different environments. It was concluded that the unique features of aquatic plants reflect adaptations to the freshwater environment, including rapid growth, high productivity, and exceptionally strong accumulation of high-quality vegetative storage protein and human antioxidant micronutrients. It was further concluded that the insensitivity of growth rate to environmental conditions and plant source-sink imbalance may allow duckweeds to take advantage of elevated atmospheric CO2 levels via particularly strong stimulation of biomass production and only minor declines in the growth of new tissue. It is proposed that declines in nutritional quality under elevated CO2 (due to regulatory adjustments in photosynthetic metabolism) may be mitigated by plant-microbe interaction, for which duckweeds have a high propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
| | - Marina López-Pozo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48049 Bilbao, Spain;
| | - Stephanie K. Polutchko
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
| | - Paul Fourounjian
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
- International Lemna Association, Denville, NJ 07832, USA
| | - Jared J. Stewart
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
| | - Madeleine C. Zenir
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
| | - William W. Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
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Sun J, Luo H, Jiang Y, Wang L, Xiao C, Weng L. Influence of Nutrient (NPK) Factors on Growth, and Pharmacodynamic Component Biosynthesis of Atractylodes chinensis: An Insight on Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGR), and Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (FPPS) Signaling Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:799201. [PMID: 35371119 PMCID: PMC8972053 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.799201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the planting of crops, especially medicinal plants, formula fertilization is important for improving the utilization rate of elements, soil quality, crop yield, and quality. Therefore, it is important to study targeted fertilizer application schemes for sustainable agricultural development and environmental protection. In this study, an L9(34) orthogonal design was used to conduct a field experiment to study the effects of NPK combined application on the growth and pharmacodynamic component biosynthesis of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. Results showed that after applying a base fertilizer at the seedling stage (late May), topdressing at the vegetative stage (late June) and fruit stage (late August) was beneficial to the growth and development of A. chinensis. The high concentrations of phosphorus were conducive to the accumulation of yield and effective components, and the best harvest time was after late October. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the comprehensive score of T6 treatment was the highest, indicating that the optimal fertilization scheme for the high yield and high quality of A. chinensis was (N2P3K1): N 180, P2O5 225, and K2O 105 kg⋅ha-1. A signaling response analysis showed that during the growth and development of A. chinensis, the T6 fertilization scheme had clear effects on the activity and gene expression of the key enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS). Under the T4 [(N2P1K2): N 180, P2O5 75, and K2O 210 kg⋅ha-1] fertilization scheme, the activity and gene expression of the key enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) were higher. Moreover, ACC was closely related to the synthesis of the polyacetylene component atractylodin, and FPPS played an important regulatory role in the synthesis of sesquiterpene components atractylenolide II, β-eudesmol, and atractylon. In summary, the high phosphorus fertilization scheme T6 could notably increase the yield of A. chinensis, and promote the accumulation of polyacetylene and sesquiterpene volatile oils by increasing the expression of ACC and FPPS. Therefore, we postulate that the precise application of nutrients (NPK) plays a vital role in the yield formation and quality regulation of A. chinensis.
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Guo H, Ayalew H, Seethepalli A, Dhakal K, Griffiths M, Ma X, York LM. Functional phenomics and genetics of the root economics space in winter wheat using high-throughput phenotyping of respiration and architecture. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:98-112. [PMID: 33683730 PMCID: PMC8518983 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The root economics space is a useful framework for plant ecology but is rarely considered for crop ecophysiology. In order to understand root trait integration in winter wheat, we combined functional phenomics with trait economic theory, utilizing genetic variation, high-throughput phenotyping, and multivariate analyses. We phenotyped a diversity panel of 276 genotypes for root respiration and architectural traits using a novel high-throughput method for CO2 flux and the open-source software RhizoVision Explorer to analyze scanned images. We uncovered substantial variation in specific root respiration (SRR) and specific root length (SRL), which were primary indicators of root metabolic and structural costs. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that lateral root tips had the greatest SRR, and the residuals from this model were used as a new trait. Specific root respiration was negatively correlated with plant mass. Network analysis, using a Gaussian graphical model, identified root weight, SRL, diameter, and SRR as hub traits. Univariate and multivariate genetic analyses identified genetic regions associated with SRR, SRL, and root branching frequency, and proposed gene candidates. Combining functional phenomics and root economics is a promising approach to improving our understanding of crop ecophysiology. We identified root traits and genomic regions that could be harnessed to breed more efficient crops for sustainable agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Guo
- Noble Research Institute LLC2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK73401USA
| | - Habtamu Ayalew
- Noble Research Institute LLC2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK73401USA
| | | | - Kundan Dhakal
- Noble Research Institute LLC2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK73401USA
| | - Marcus Griffiths
- Noble Research Institute LLC2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK73401USA
| | - Xue‐Feng Ma
- Noble Research Institute LLC2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK73401USA
| | - Larry M. York
- Noble Research Institute LLC2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK73401USA
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7
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Guo H, Ayalew H, Seethepalli A, Dhakal K, Griffiths M, Ma XF, York LM. Functional phenomics and genetics of the root economics space in winter wheat using high-throughput phenotyping of respiration and architecture. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021. [PMID: 33683730 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.12.380238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The root economics space is a useful framework for plant ecology but is rarely considered for crop ecophysiology. In order to understand root trait integration in winter wheat, we combined functional phenomics with trait economic theory, utilizing genetic variation, high-throughput phenotyping, and multivariate analyses. We phenotyped a diversity panel of 276 genotypes for root respiration and architectural traits using a novel high-throughput method for CO2 flux and the open-source software RhizoVision Explorer to analyze scanned images. We uncovered substantial variation in specific root respiration (SRR) and specific root length (SRL), which were primary indicators of root metabolic and structural costs. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that lateral root tips had the greatest SRR, and the residuals from this model were used as a new trait. Specific root respiration was negatively correlated with plant mass. Network analysis, using a Gaussian graphical model, identified root weight, SRL, diameter, and SRR as hub traits. Univariate and multivariate genetic analyses identified genetic regions associated with SRR, SRL, and root branching frequency, and proposed gene candidates. Combining functional phenomics and root economics is a promising approach to improving our understanding of crop ecophysiology. We identified root traits and genomic regions that could be harnessed to breed more efficient crops for sustainable agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Guo
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Habtamu Ayalew
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Anand Seethepalli
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Kundan Dhakal
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Marcus Griffiths
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Xue-Feng Ma
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Larry M York
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
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8
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Wang Y, Li Y, Li S, Rosendahl S. Ignored diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in co-occurring mycotrophic and non-mycotrophic plants. MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:93-102. [PMID: 33140218 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization in roots of putative non-mycotrophic species has been known for decades, but our knowledge of AMF community structure in non-mycotrophic plants is limited. Here, we compared AMF species composition and diversity in roots of co-occurring mycotrophic and putative non-mycotrophic herbs in two wetlands. A SSU-ITS-LSU fragment in AMF rDNA was amplified, cloned and sequenced, and used to characterize the AMF community in the roots of 16 putative non-mycotrophic and 18 mycotrophic herbs. The results showed that AMF hyphae and vesicles, but not arbuscules, were commonly present in putative non-mycotrophic plants. A total of 971 AMF sequences were obtained, and these were finally assigned to 28 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). At both sites, AMF taxon richness and Hill number based on Shannon's index in the putative non-mycotrophic herbs were similar to those for mycotrophic plants, but AMF community composition between mycotrophic and non-mycotrophic plants was significantly different. Ten AMF OTUs were uniquely detected in the putative non-mycotrophic species, and two were identified as the AMF indicators in non-mycotrophic plants. These results implied that non-mycotrophic plants may harbor a potential source of AMF diversity previously ignored which should be included in our understanding of diversity, distribution pattern, and ecological significance of root-colonizing AMF. As the first direct comparison of AMF diversity and species composition between mycotrophic and putative non-mycotrophic species in wetlands, our study has important implications for the understanding of AMF distribution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Shaoshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Søren Rosendahl
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Moustakas M, Bayçu G, Sperdouli I, Eroğlu H, Eleftheriou EP. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Enhances Photosynthesis in the Medicinal Herb Salvia fruticosa by Improving Photosystem II Photochemistry. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080962. [PMID: 32751534 PMCID: PMC7463761 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of Salvia fruticosa colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis on photosynthetic function by using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis to evaluate the light energy use in photosystem II (PSII) of inoculated and non-inoculated plants. We observed that inoculated plants used significantly higher absorbed energy in photochemistry (ΦPSII) than non-inoculated and exhibited significant lower excess excitation energy (EXC). However, the increased ΦPSII in inoculated plants did not result in a reduced non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO), suggesting the same singlet oxygen (1O2) formation between inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The increased ΦPSII in inoculated plants was due to an increased efficiency of open PSII centers to utilize the absorbed light (Fv'/Fm') due to a decreased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) since there was no difference in the fraction of open reaction centers (qp). The decreased NPQ in inoculated plants resulted in an increased electron-transport rate (ETR) compared to non-inoculated. Yet, inoculated plants exhibited a higher efficiency of the water-splitting complex on the donor side of PSII as revealed by the increased Fv/Fo ratio. A spatial heterogeneity between the leaf tip and the leaf base for the parameters ΦPSII and ΦNPQ was observed in both inoculated and non-inoculated plants, reflecting different developmental zones. Overall, our findings suggest that the increased ETR of inoculated S. fruticosa contributes to increased photosynthetic performance, providing growth advantages to inoculated plants by increasing their aboveground biomass, mainly by increasing leaf biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Moustakas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (G.B.); (H.E.)
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (E.P.E.)
| | - Gülriz Bayçu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (G.B.); (H.E.)
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Hilal Eroğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (G.B.); (H.E.)
- Biology Division, Institute of Graduate Studies in Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eleftherios P. Eleftheriou
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (E.P.E.)
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Ortíz J, Sanhueza C, Romero-Munar A, Hidalgo-Castellanos J, Castro C, Bascuñán-Godoy L, Coba de la Peña T, López-Gómez M, Florez-Sarasa I, Del-Saz NF. In Vivo Metabolic Regulation of Alternative Oxidase under Nutrient Deficiency-Interaction with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobium Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4201. [PMID: 32545597 PMCID: PMC7349880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway with nutrient metabolism is important for understanding how respiration modulates ATP synthesis and carbon economy in plants under nutrient deficiency. Although AOX activity reduces the energy yield of respiration, this enzymatic activity is upregulated under stress conditions to maintain the functioning of primary metabolism. The in vivo metabolic regulation of AOX activity by phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) and during plant symbioses with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium bacteria is still not fully understood. We highlight several findings and open questions concerning the in vivo regulation of AOX activity and its impact on plant metabolism during P deficiency and symbiosis with AMF. We also highlight the need for the identification of which metabolic regulatory factors of AOX activity are related to N availability and nitrogen-fixing legume-rhizobia symbiosis in order to improve our understanding of N assimilation and biological nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ortíz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | - Antònia Romero-Munar
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur. Sector los Choapinos, 2940000 Rengo, Chile;
| | - Javier Hidalgo-Castellanos
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.H.-C.); (M.L.-G.)
| | - Catalina Castro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | - Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | | | - Miguel López-Gómez
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.H.-C.); (M.L.-G.)
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
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Olalde-Portugal V, Cabrera-Ponce JL, Gastelum-Arellanez A, Guerrero-Rangel A, Winkler R, Valdés-Rodríguez S. Proteomic analysis and interactions network in leaves of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal sorghum plants under water deficit. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8991. [PMID: 32351787 PMCID: PMC7183753 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For understanding the water deficit stress mechanism in sorghum, we conducted a physiological and proteomic analysis in the leaves of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (a drought tolerant crop model) of non-colonized and colonized plants with a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Physiological results indicate that mycorrhizal fungi association enhances growth and photosynthesis in plants, under normal and water deficit conditions. 2D-electrophoresis profiles revealed 51 differentially accumulated proteins in response to water deficit, of which HPLC/MS successfully identified 49. Bioinformatics analysis of protein–protein interactions revealed the participation of different metabolic pathways in nonmycorrhizal compared to mycorrhizal sorghum plants under water deficit. In noninoculated plants, the altered proteins are related to protein synthesis and folding (50S ribosomal protein L1, 30S ribosomal protein S10, Nascent polypeptide-associated complex subunit alpha), coupled with multiple signal transduction pathways, guanine nucleotide-binding beta subunit (Rack1) and peptidyl-prolyl-cis-trans isomerase (ROC4). In contrast, in mycorrhizal plants, proteins related to energy metabolism (ATP synthase-24kDa, ATP synthase β), carbon metabolism (malate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase, sucrose-phosphatase), oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondrial-processing peptidase) and sulfur metabolism (thiosulfate/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase) were found. Our results provide a set of proteins of different metabolic pathways involved in water deficit produced by sorghum plants alone or associated with a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the tropical rain forest Los Tuxtlas Veracruz, México.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Olalde-Portugal
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - José Luis Cabrera-Ponce
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Argel Gastelum-Arellanez
- Área de Medio Ambiente y Biotecnología, Cátedra CONACYT. Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas A.C. (CIATEC AC), León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Armando Guerrero-Rangel
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Robert Winkler
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Silvia Valdés-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
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12
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Chandra P, Enespa, Singh R. Soil Salinity and Its Alleviation Using Plant Growth–Promoting Fungi. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48474-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Responses of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities to the Sewage Sludge Application into the Soil. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110505. [PMID: 31671795 PMCID: PMC6920848 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing sewage sludge production in the world and problems with its disposal, an application of sludge to the soil appears to be a suitable solution considering its fertilizer properties and ability to improve the soil physical conditions. On the other hand, the sludge may also contain undesirable and toxic substances. Since soil microorganisms are sensitive to environmental changes, they can be used as indicators of soil quality. In this study, we used sewage sludge (SS) from two municipal wastewater treatment plants (SS-A and SS-B) in the dose of 5 t/ha and 15 t/ha in order to determine possible changes in the fungal community diversity, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), in the rhizosphere of Arundo donax L. Rhizosphere samples were collected in summer and autumn for two consecutive years and the fungal diversity was examined using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and 18S rDNA sequencing. Fungal alpha diversity was more affected by SS-A than SS-B probably due to the higher heavy metal content. However, based on principal component analysis and ANOSIM, significant changes in overall fungal diversity were not observed. Simultaneously, 18S rDNA sequencing showed that more various fungal taxa were detected in the sample with sewage sludge than in the control. Glomus sp. as a representative of AMF was the most represented. Moreover, Funneliformis in both samples and Rhizophagus in control with Septoglomus in the sludge sample were other representatives of AMF. Our results indicate that the short-term sewage sludge application into the soil does not cause a shift in the fungal community composition.
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Romero-Munar A, Baraza E, Gulías J, Cabot C. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Confer Salt Tolerance in Giant Reed ( Arundo donax L.) Plants Grown Under Low Phosphorus by Reducing Leaf Na + Concentration and Improving Phosphorus Use Efficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:843. [PMID: 31396243 PMCID: PMC6664208 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Salinization is one of the major causes of agricultural soil degradation worldwide. In arid and semi-arid regions with calcareous soils, phosphorus (P) deficiency further worsens the quality of salinized soils. Nonetheless, nutrient poor soils could be suitable of producing second-generation energy crops. Due to its high biomass production, Arundo donax L. (giant reed) is one of the most promising species for energy and second-generation biofuel production. A. donax can be propagated by micropropagation, an in vitro technique that produces high number of homogeneous plantlets. However, crop establishment is often compromised due to poor plantlet acclimatization to the soil environment. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) are components of soil-plant systems able to increase root phosphorus uptake and to confer the plant an increase tolerance to salinity with a consequent enhancement effect of plant growth and yield. In the present study, the relative importance of the early symbiosis establishment between AM fungi and A. donax micropropagated plantlets in the response to salt stress under low phosphorus availability was determined. A commercial inoculum which contained two different AM fungi species: Rhizophagus intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae was used. AM-symbionts (AM) and non-symbionts plants were grown at two phosphorus [2.5 μM (C) and 0.5 mM (P)] and three NaCl (1, 75 and 150 mM) concentrations in a room chamber under controlled conditions. After 5 weeks, AM root colonization was 60, 26 and 15% in 1, 75 and 150 mM NaCl-treated plants, respectively. At 1 and 75 mM NaCl, AM plants showed increased growth. In all saline treatments, AM plants had decreased Na+ uptake, Na+ root-to-shoot translocation, Na+/K+ ratio and increased P and K use efficiencies with respect to C and P plants. AM improved the nutritional status of A. donax plants by enhancing nutrient use efficiency rather than nutrient uptake. Increased phosphorus use efficiency in AM plants could have benefited ion (Na+ and K+) uptake and/or allocation and ultimately ameliorate the plant's response to saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antònia Romero-Munar
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Department of Biology, Facultat de Ciències, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Elena Baraza
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Water Economy Research (INAGEA), Palma, Spain
| | - Javier Gulías
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Water Economy Research (INAGEA), Palma, Spain
| | - Catalina Cabot
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Department of Biology, Facultat de Ciències, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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15
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Bai L, Sun HB, Liang RT, Cai BY. iTRAQ Proteomic Analysis of Continuously Cropped Soybean Root Inoculated With Funneliformis mosseae. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:61. [PMID: 30761109 PMCID: PMC6362899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is susceptible to root rot when subjected to continuous cropping, and this disease can seriously diminish the crop yield. Proteomics analyses can show the difference of protein expression in different treatment samples. Herein, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were employed for proteomic analysis of continuously cropped soybean inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Funneliformis mosseae. The AMF can reduce the incidence of root rot and increase plant height, biomass index in 1, 2, and 4 year of continuous cropping. Differential expression of proteins in soybean roots was determined following 1 year of continuous cropping. A total of 131 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in F. mosseae-treated samples, of which 49 and 82 were up- and down-regulated, respectively. The DEPs were annotated with 117 gene ontology (GO) terms, with 48 involved in biological processes, 31 linked to molecular functions, and 39 associated with cell components. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis mapped the DEPs to 113 mainly metabolic pathways including oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and amino acid metabolism. Expression of glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase, chalcone isomerase, calcium-dependent phospholipid binding and other defense-related proteins was up-regulated by F. mosseae, suggesting inoculation promotes the growth and development of soybean and increases disease resistance. The findings provide an experimental basis for further research on the molecular mechanisms of AMF in resolving problems associated with continuous soybean cropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bai
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Department of Food and Environmental Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Bing Sun
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui-Ting Liang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Bai-Yan Cai
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Department of Food and Environmental Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
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Bitterlich M, Franken P, Graefe J. Atmospheric drought and low light impede mycorrhizal effects on leaf photosynthesis-a glasshouse study on tomato under naturally fluctuating environmental conditions. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:13-28. [PMID: 30382414 PMCID: PMC6311195 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-018-0872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) consume plant carbon and impact photosynthesis, but effects of AMF on plant gas exchange are transient and hardly predictable. This is at least partially because plant-internal nutrient-, water-, and sink-related effects, which can be influenced AMF, and atmospheric conditions integrate at the photosynthesis level. In nature and in plant production, plants face periodical and random short-term switches of environmental conditions that limit photosynthesis, which may impede stimulatory effects of AMF on leaf photosynthetic capacities. We hypothesized that mycorrhizal effects on plant internal-photosynthetic potentials will only translate to actual photosynthetic rates, if atmospheric conditions do not superimpose limitations to the photosynthetic process. We aimed to cover wide ranges of within and between-day variations in light intensities and vapor pressure deficits with an untargeted approach. We grew tomato plants hydroponically for 8 weeks in open pots and irrigated beyond pot water capacity every morning. Plants were inoculated or not with Funneliformis mosseae and were fertilized with a low-strength nutrient solution, which guaranteed good AMF colonization and comparable sets of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants regarding developmental stage and leaf age. Instantaneous leaf photosynthesis was monitored continuously with transparent chambers during 3 days under naturally fluctuating greenhouse conditions on the two uppermost fully expanded leaves. We fitted mechanistic gas exchange models and modeled continuous daytime dynamics of net photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance for representative sunlit canopies of random populations of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Depending on time, mycorrhizal plants showed enhanced or decreased stomatal conductance over wide ranges of light intensities. Higher or lower stomatal opening in mycorrhizal plants became ineffective for photosynthetic rates under low light. In contrast and in accordance with the effects on stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rates were comparatively increased or decreased in mycorrhizal plants under high light conditions. This required at least moderate vapor pressure deficits. Under high atmospheric drought, stomatal conductance strongly declined in all plants, which also capped maximum photosynthetic rates under high light. Leaf photosynthetic capacities were higher in mycorrhizal plants when leaves contained more proteins and/or the plant-internal moisture stress was lower than in non-mycorrhizal plants. However, this only resulted in enhanced photosynthetic rates as long as leaves were not exposed to low radiation or high atmospheric drought. We conclude that light and atmospheric moisture are decisive factors for potential carbon cost and gain scenarios of plants associated with AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bitterlich
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany.
| | - Philipp Franken
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Jan Graefe
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
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Lehnert H, Serfling A, Friedt W, Ordon F. Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal Genomic Regions Associated With the Response of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) to Mycorrhizae Under Drought Stress Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1728. [PMID: 30568663 PMCID: PMC6290350 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the majority of wheat growing areas worldwide, the incidence of drought stress has increased significantly resulting in a negative impact on plant development and grain yield. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is known to improve drought stress tolerance of wheat. However, quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in the response to drought stress conditions in the presence of mycorrhizae are largely unknown. Therefore, a diverse set consisting of 94 bread wheat genotypes was phenotyped under drought stress and well watered conditions in the presence and absence of mycorrhizae. Grain yield and yield components, drought stress related traits as well as response to mycorrhizae were assessed. In parallel, wheat accessions were genotyped by using the 90k iSelect chip, resulting in a set of 15511 polymorphic and mapped SNP markers, which were used for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In general, drought stress tolerance of wheat was significantly increased in the presence of mycorrhizae compared to drought stress tolerance in the absence of mycorrhizae. However, genotypes differed in their response to mycorrhizae under drought stress conditions. Several QTL regions on different chromosomes were detected associated with grain yield and yield components under drought stress conditions. Furthermore, two genome regions on chromosomes 3D and 7D were found to be significantly associated with the response to mycorrhizae under drought stress conditions. Overall, the results reveal that inoculation of wheat with mycorrhizal fungi significantly improves drought stress tolerance and that QTL regions associated with the response to mycorrhizae under drought stress conditions exist in wheat. Further research is necessary to validate detected QTL regions. However, this study may be the starting point for the identification of candidate genes associated with drought stress tolerance and response to mycorrhizae under drought stress conditions. Maybe in future, these initial results will help to contribute to use mycorrhizal fungi effectively in agriculture and combine new approaches i.e., use of genotypic variation in response to mycorrhizae under drought stress conditions with existing drought tolerance breeding programs to develop new drought stress tolerant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Lehnert
- Institute of Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Serfling
- Institute of Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Friedt
- IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Frank Ordon
- Institute of Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Quedlinburg, Germany
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18
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Mesa-Marín J, Del-Saz NF, Rodríguez-Llorente ID, Redondo-Gómez S, Pajuelo E, Ribas-Carbó M, Mateos-Naranjo E. PGPR Reduce Root Respiration and Oxidative Stress Enhancing Spartina maritima Root Growth and Heavy Metal Rhizoaccumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1500. [PMID: 30386359 PMCID: PMC6199767 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to unravel ecophysiological mechanisms underlying plant-microbe interactions under natural abiotic stress conditions, specifically heavy metal pollution. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) bioaugmentation on Spartina maritima in vivo root respiration and oxidative stress was investigated. This autochthonous plant is a heavy metal hyperaccumulator cordgrass growing in one of the most polluted estuaries in the world. The association with native PGPR is being studied with a view to their biotechnological potential in environmental decontamination. As a novelty, the oxygen-isotope fractionation technique was used to study the in vivo activities of cytochrome oxidase (COX) and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathways. Inoculated plants showed decreased antioxidant enzymatic activities and in vivo root respiration rates. The reduction in respiratory carbon consumption and the stress alleviation may explain the increments observed in S. maritima root biomass and metal rhizoaccumulation after inoculation. For the first time, plant carbon balance and PGPR are interrelated to explain the effect of rhizobacteria under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mesa-Marín
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eloísa Pajuelo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbó
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Zhou JY, Sun K, Chen F, Yuan J, Li X, Dai CC. Endophytic Pseudomonas induces metabolic flux changes that enhance medicinal sesquiterpenoid accumulation in Atractylodes lancea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:473-481. [PMID: 30081324 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial endophyte Pseudomonas fluorescens ALEB7B significantly enhances photosynthate accumulations in Atractylodes lancea. These carbohydrates are preferentially used by the host plant to synthesize secondary metabolites, rather than to increase plant biomass accumulation. Mechanisms underlying the allocation of endophyte-increased carbohydrate in different plant metabolic processes are largely unknown. We have studied how P. fluorescens ALEB7B enhances photosynthate accumulation and how bacterial elicitors regulate metabolic flux and increase medicinal sesquiterpenoid formation in A. lancea using the sterile tissue culture plantlets. P. fluorescens ALEB7B enhances plant photosynthate accumulation by synthesizing and secreting indole-3-acetic acid, which has been demonstrated using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The increased endogenous indole-3-acetic acid promotes plant root development and then assimilation. Increased carbohydrates provide the material basis for the formations of terpenoid hydrocarbon scaffolds, which has been proved using gas chromatography analysis. Further, protein and polysaccharide elicitors secreted by P. fluorescens ALEB7B have been separated and purified from the bacterial fermentation broth, which have been applied to A. lancea plantlets. Both elicitors can stimulate the conversions of terpenoid hydrocarbon scaffolds to oxygenous sesquiterpenoids, the active medicinal ingredients in A. lancea, by triggering the oxidative burst in planta. Moreover, this study separates an ABC transporter substrate-binding protein from protein elicitors secreted by P. fluorescens ALEB7B with an ÄKTA Prime Plus Purifier System and firstly shows that this protein is essential to induce oxygenous sesquiterpenoid accumulation in A. lancea. This study provides new perspectives for mechanisms of medicinal oxygenous terpenoid synthesis, which has important reference values to the cultivation of medicinal plants that have terpenoids as their active ingredients, such as Artemisia annua and Taxus chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu High Quality Rice R & D Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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Wu Q, Tang Y, Dong T, Liao Y, Li D, He X, Xu X. Additional AM Fungi Inoculation Increase Populus cathayana Intersexual Competition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:607. [PMID: 29868065 PMCID: PMC5951968 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sex-specific responses to mycorrhiza have been reported in dioecious plant species, but little attention has been paid to the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on competitive ability under intersexual competition. To further address whether this competition is affected by an additional AM fungi supply, Populus cathayana saplings were chosen and subjected to two mycorrhizal treatments [inoculated and non-inoculated (control) with an additional AM fungi Funneliformis mosseae] while growing with the opposite sex for 3 months. Compared with the control, the additional AM fungi inoculation induced P. cathayana saplings to exhibit significant sexual differences in root structure and nutrient uptake (e.g., cortical layer, cross-section area, radius of root tips, and N, K, and Mg content), and enlarged sexual differences in morphology and biomass accumulation (e.g., leaf number increment, shoot height increment, total leaf area, total specific root length, stem dry mass, leaf dry mass, and total dry mass). Meanwhile, inoculated females presented higher values in most of these traits mentioned above than males under intersexual competition. Therefore, we conclude that the intersexual competition can be increased by an additional AM fungi supply, with females gaining more symbiosis-mediated benefits than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Tingfa Dong
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Institute of Plant Adaptation and Utilization in Southwest Mountain, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Yongmei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Dadong Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Xinhua He
- Centre of Excellence for Soil Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- College of Grassland, Resources, and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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21
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Pollastri S, Savvides A, Pesando M, Lumini E, Volpe MG, Ozudogru EA, Faccio A, De Cunzo F, Michelozzi M, Lambardi M, Fotopoulos V, Loreto F, Centritto M, Balestrini R. Impact of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Arundo donax L. response to salt stress. PLANTA 2018; 247:573-585. [PMID: 29124326 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
AM symbiosis did not strongly affect Arundo donax performances under salt stress, although differences in the plants inoculated with two different fungi were recorded. The mechanisms at the basis of the improved tolerance to abiotic stresses by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have been investigated mainly focusing on food crops. In this work, the potential impact of AM symbiosis on the performance of a bioenergy crop, Arundo donax, under saline conditions was considered. Specifically, we tried to understand whether AM symbiosis helps this fast-growing plant, often widespread in marginal soils, withstand salt. A combined approach, involving eco-physiological, morphometric and biochemical measurements, was used and the effects of two different AM fungal species (Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis) were compared. Results indicate that potted A. donax plants do not suffer permanent damage induced by salt stress, but photosynthesis and growth are considerably reduced. Since A. donax is a high-yield biomass crop, reduction of biomass might be a serious agronomical problem in saline conditions. At least under the presently experienced growth conditions, and plant-AM combinations, the negative effect of salt on plant performance was not rescued by AM fungal colonization. However, some changes in plant metabolisms were observed following AM-inoculation, including a significant increase in proline accumulation and a trend toward higher isoprene emission and higher H2O2, especially in plants colonized by R. irregularis. This suggests that AM fungal symbiosis influences plant metabolism, and plant-AM fungus combination is an important factor for improving plant performance and productivity, in presence or absence of stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Pollastri
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 10125 Turin (M.P., E.L., A.F., R.B.), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, SP, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Pesando
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 10125 Turin (M.P., E.L., A.F., R.B.), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, SP, Italy
| | - Erica Lumini
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 10125 Turin (M.P., E.L., A.F., R.B.), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, SP, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonella Faccio
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 10125 Turin (M.P., E.L., A.F., R.B.), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, SP, Italy
| | | | - Marco Michelozzi
- CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lambardi
- CNR, Institute of Trees and Timber (IVALSA), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Loreto
- CNR, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences (DiSBA), Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- CNR, Institute of Trees and Timber (IVALSA), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 10125 Turin (M.P., E.L., A.F., R.B.), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, SP, Italy.
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Bitterlich M, Rouphael Y, Graefe J, Franken P. Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: A Promising Component of Plant Production Systems Provided Favorable Conditions for Their Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1329. [PMID: 30250477 PMCID: PMC6139337 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have become an attractive target as biostimulants in agriculture due to their known contributions to plant nutrient uptake and abiotic stress tolerance. However, inoculation with AM fungi can result in depressed, unchanged, or stimulated plant growth, which limits security of application in crop production systems. Crop production comprises high diversity and variability in atmospheric conditions, substrates, plant species, and more. In this review, we emphasize that we need integrative approaches for studying mycorrhizal symbioses in order to increase the predictability of growth outcomes and security of implementation of AM fungi into crop production. We briefly review known mechanisms of AM on nutrient uptake and drought tolerance of plants, on soil structure and soil hydraulic properties. We carve out that an important factor for both nutrient availability and drought tolerance is yet not well understood; the AM effects on soil hydraulic properties. We gave special emphasis to circular references between atmospheric conditions, soil hydraulic properties and plant nutrient and water uptake. We stress that interdisciplinary approaches are needed that account for a variability of atmospheric conditions and, how this would match to mycorrhizal functions and demands in a way that increased plant nutrient and water uptake can be effectively used for physiological processes and ultimately growth. Only with integrated analyses under a wide range of growing conditions, we will be able to make profound decisions whether or not to use AM in particular crop production systems or can adjust culture conditions in ways that AM plants thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bitterlich
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V., Großbeeren, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Bitterlich,
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jan Graefe
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V., Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Philipp Franken
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V., Großbeeren, Germany
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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