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Li G, Zhao X, Yang J, Hu S, Ponnu J, Kimura S, Hwang I, Torii KU, Hou H. Water wisteria genome reveals environmental adaptation and heterophylly regulation in amphibious plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:4720-4740. [PMID: 39076061 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Heterophylly is a phenomenon whereby an individual plant dramatically changes leaf shape in response to the surroundings. Hygrophila difformis (Acanthaceae; water wisteria), has recently emerged as a model plant to study heterophylly because of its striking leaf shape variation in response to various environmental factors. When submerged, H. difformis often develops complex leaves, but on land it develops simple leaves. Leaf complexity is also influenced by other factors, such as light density, humidity, and temperature. Here, we sequenced and assembled the H. difformis chromosome-level genome (scaffold N50: 60.43 Mb, genome size: 871.92 Mb), which revealed 36 099 predicted protein-coding genes distributed over 15 pseudochromosomes. H. difformis diverged from its relatives during the Oligocene climate-change period and expanded gene families related to its amphibious habit. Genes related to environmental stimuli, leaf development, and other pathways were differentially expressed in submerged and terrestrial conditions, possibly modulating morphological and physiological acclimation to changing environments. We also found that auxin plays a role in H. difformis heterophylly. Finally, we discovered candidate genes that respond to different environmental conditions and elucidated the role of LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY 1 (LMI1) in heterophylly. We established H. difformis as a model for studying interconnections between environmental adaptation and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojie Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Development and Utilization, Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jathish Ponnu
- Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Malinowski R, Singh D, Kasprzewska A, Blicharz S, Basińska-Barczak A. Vascular tissue - boon or bane? How pathogens usurp long-distance transport in plants and the defence mechanisms deployed to counteract them. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2075-2092. [PMID: 39101283 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Evolutionary emergence of specialised vascular tissues has enabled plants to coordinate their growth and adjust to unfavourable external conditions. Whilst holding a pivotal role in long-distance transport, both xylem and phloem can be encroached on by various biotic factors for systemic invasion and hijacking of nutrients. Therefore, a complete understanding of the strategies deployed by plants against such pathogens to restrict their entry and establishment within plant tissues, is of key importance for the future development of disease-tolerant crops. In this review, we aim to describe how microorganisms exploit the plant vascular system as a route for gaining access and control of different host tissues and metabolic pathways. Highlighting several biological examples, we detail the wide range of host responses triggered to prevent or hinder vascular colonisation and effectively minimise damage upon biotic invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Malinowski
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Deeksha Singh
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Anna Kasprzewska
- Regulation of Gene Expression Team, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Sara Blicharz
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Aneta Basińska-Barczak
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
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Protto V, Bauget F, Rishmawi L, Nacry P, Maurel C. Primary, seminal and lateral roots of maize show type-specific growth and hydraulic responses to water deficit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2564-2579. [PMID: 38217868 PMCID: PMC10980523 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The water uptake capacity of a root system is determined by its architecture and hydraulic properties, which together shape the root hydraulic architecture. Here, we investigated root responses to water deficit (WD) in seedlings of a maize (Zea mays) hybrid line (B73H) grown in hydroponic conditions, taking into account the primary root (PR), the seminal roots (SR), and their respective lateral roots. WD was induced by various polyethylene glycol concentrations and resulted in dose-dependent inhibitions of axial and lateral root growth, lateral root formation, and hydraulic conductivity (Lpr), with slightly distinct sensitivities to WD between PR and SR. Inhibition of Lpr by WD showed a half-time of 5 to 6 min and was fully (SR) or partially (PR) reversible within 40 min. In the two root types, WD resulted in reduced aquaporin expression and activity, as monitored by mRNA abundance of 13 plasma membrane intrinsic protein (ZmPIP) isoforms and inhibition of Lpr by sodium azide, respectively. An enhanced suberization/lignification of the epi- and exodermis was observed under WD in axial roots and in lateral roots of the PR but not in those of SR. Inverse modeling revealed a steep increase in axial conductance in root tips of PR and SR grown under WD that may be due to the decreased growth rate of axial roots in these conditions. Overall, our work reveals that these root types show quantitative differences in their anatomical, architectural, and hydraulic responses to WD, in terms of sensitivity, amplitude and reversibility. This distinct functionalization may contribute to integrative acclimation responses of whole root systems to soil WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Protto
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier (IPSiM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Bauget
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier (IPSiM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Louai Rishmawi
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier (IPSiM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Nacry
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier (IPSiM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier (IPSiM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
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Bartusch K, Blanco-Touriñán N, Rodriguez-Villalón A, Truernit E. Monitoring Xylem Transport in Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings Using Fluorescent Dyes. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2722:3-15. [PMID: 37897596 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3477-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent dyes are often used to observe transport mechanisms in plant vascular tissues. However, it has been technically challenging to apply fluorescent dyes on roots to monitor xylem transport in vivo. Here, we present a fast, noninvasive, and high-throughput protocol to monitor xylem transport in seedlings. Using the fluorescent dyes 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) and Rhodamine WT, we were able to observe xylem transport on a cellular level in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. We describe how to apply these dyes on primary roots of young seedlings, how to monitor root-to-shoot xylem transport, and how to measure xylem transport velocity in roots. Moreover, we show that our protocol can also be applied to lateral roots and grafted seedlings to assess xylem (re)connection. Altogether, these techniques are useful for investigating xylem functionality in diverse experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bartusch
- Group of Phloem Development and Function, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Noel Blanco-Touriñán
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antia Rodriguez-Villalón
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Truernit
- Group of Phloem Development and Function, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Wang R, Zhang Z, Wang H, Chen Y, Zhang M. Soil Water Deficit Reduced Root Hydraulic Conductivity of Common Reed ( Phragmites australis). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3543. [PMID: 37896007 PMCID: PMC10610267 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in root hydraulics in response to varying moisture conditions remain a subject of debate. In our investigation, we subjected common reeds (Phragmites australis) to a 45-day treatment with four distinct soil moisture levels. The findings unveiled that, in response to drought stress, the total root length, surface area, volume, and average diameter exhibited varying degrees of reduction. Anatomically, drought caused a reduction in root diameter (RD), cortex thickness (CT), vessel diameter (VD), and root cross-sectional area (RCA). A decrease in soil moisture significantly reduced both whole- and single-root hydraulic conductivity (Lpwr, Lpsr). The total length, surface area, volume, and average diameter of the reed root system were significantly correlated with Lpwr, while RD, CT, and RCA were significantly correlated with Lpsr. A decrease in soil moisture content significantly influenced root morphological and anatomical characteristics, which, in turn, altered Lpr, and the transcriptome results suggest that this may be associated with the variation in the expression of abscisic acid (ABA) and aquaporins (AQPs) genes. Our initial findings address a gap in our understanding of reed hydraulics, offering fresh theoretical insights into how herbaceous plants respond to external stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Wang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.W.); (H.W.)
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China
- Wetland Research Centre, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.W.); (H.W.)
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China
- Wetland Research Centre, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haoyue Wang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.W.); (H.W.)
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China
- Wetland Research Centre, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia;
| | - Mingxiang Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.W.); (H.W.)
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
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Ghazy MI, Hamad HS, Gewaily EE, Bleih EM, Arafat EFA, El-Kallawy WH, El-Naem SA, Rehan M, Alwutayd KM, Abd El Moneim D. Impacts of kinetin implementation on leaves, floral and root-related traits during seed production in hybrid rice under water deficiency. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:398. [PMID: 37605164 PMCID: PMC10463769 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water deficit is one of the most significant abiotic factors affecting rice and agricultural production worldwide. In hybrid rice, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an important technique for creating high-yielding crop based on heterosis. The phytohormone kinetin (Kin) regulates cell division in plant during the early stages of grain formation, as well as flow assimilation and osmotic regulation under water stress. The present study performed to estimate the effects of irrigation intervals (irrigation each six days (I6), nine days (I9), twelve days (I12) and fifteen days (I15) against continuous flooding (CF, each three days)) and kinetin exogenously application (control, 15 mg L-1 and 30 mg L-1) on hybrid rice (L1, IR69625A; L2, G46A and R, Giza 178 R) seed production. RESULTS Leaves traits (Chlorophyll content (CHC), relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (SC), Leaf temperature (LT) and transpiration rate (TR)), floral traits such as style length (SL) and total stigma length (TSL), in addition to root traits (i.e., root length (RL), root volume (RV), root: shoot ratio (RSR), root thickness (RT), root xylem vessels number (RXVN) and root xylem vessel area (RXVA) were evaluated and a significant enhancement in most traits was observed. Applying 30 mg L-1 kinetin significantly and positively enhanced all growth, floral and roots traits (RV and RXVA recorded the most increased values by 14.8% and 23.9%, respectively) under prolonging irrigation intervals, in comparison to non-treated plants. CONCLUSIONS Subsequently, spraying kinetin exogenously on foliar could be an alternative method to reduce the harmful influences of water deficiency during seed production in hybrid rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Ghazy
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Hassan Sh Hamad
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E Gewaily
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Eman M Bleih
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Elsayed F A Arafat
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Wael H El-Kallawy
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Sabry A El-Naem
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Medhat Rehan
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa Abd El Moneim
- Department of Plant Production (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, 45511, Egypt.
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Zhou L, Zhu T, Han S, Li S, Liu Y, Lin T, Qiao T. Changes in the Histology of Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Infected with Phomopsis capsici and Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054879. [PMID: 36902308 PMCID: PMC10003368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phomopsis capsici (P. capsici) causes branch blight of walnuts, which leads to significant economic loss. The molecular mechanism behind the response of walnuts remains unknown. Paraffin sectioning and transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed to explore the changes in tissue structure, gene expression, and metabolic processes in walnut after infection with P. capsici. We found that P. capsici caused serious damage to xylem vessels during the infestation of walnut branches, destroying the structure and function of the vessels and creating obstacles to the transport of nutrients and water to the branches. The transcriptome results showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly annotated in carbon metabolism and ribosomes. Further metabolome analyses verified the specific induction of carbohydrate and amino acid biosynthesis by P. capsici. Finally, association analysis was performed for DEGs and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), which focused on the synthesis and metabolic pathways of amino acids, carbon metabolism, and secondary metabolites and cofactors. Three significant metabolites were identified: succinic semialdehyde acid, fumaric acid, and phosphoenolpyruvic acid. In conclusion, this study provides data reference on the pathogenesis of walnut branch blight and direction for breeding walnut to enhance its disease resistance.
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Liang Y, Heyman J, Lu R, De Veylder L. Evolution of wound-activated regeneration pathways in the plant kingdom. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151291. [PMID: 36709604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration serves as a self-protective mechanism that allows a tissue or organ to recover its entire form and function after suffering damage. However, the regenerative capacity varies greatly within the plant kingdom. Primitive plants frequently display an amazing regenerative ability as they have developed a complex system and strategy for long-term survival under extreme stress conditions. The regenerative ability of dicot species is highly variable, but that of monocots often exhibits extreme recalcitrance to tissue replenishment. Recent studies have revealed key factors and signals that affect cell fate during plant regeneration, some of which are conserved among the plant lineage. Among these, several members of the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factors have been implicated in wound signaling, playing crucial roles in the regenerative mechanisms after different types of wounding. An understanding of plant regeneration may ultimately lead to an increased regenerative potential of recalcitrant species, producing more high-yielding, multi-resistant and environmentally friendly crops and ensuring the long-term development of global agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanke Liang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium.
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