1
|
Liu L, Wang Y, Cao W, Yang L, Zhang C, Yuan L, Wang D, Wang W, Zhang H, Schiefelbein J, Yu F, An L. TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 defines trichome cell shape by modulating actin cytoskeleton in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1256-1276. [PMID: 38391271 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 (TTG2) gene encodes a WRKY transcription factor that regulates a range of development events like trichome, seed coat, and atrichoblast formation. Loss-of-function of TTG2 was previously shown to reduce or eliminate trichome specification and branching. Here, we report the identification of an allele of TTG2, ttg2-6. In contrast to the ttg2 mutants described before, ttg2-6 displayed unique trichome phenotypes. Some ttg2-6 mutant trichomes were hyper-branched, whereas others were hypo-branched, distorted, or clustered. Further, we found that in addition to specifically activating R3 MYB transcription factor TRIPTYCHON (TRY) to modulate trichome specification, TTG2 also integrated cytoskeletal signaling to regulate trichome morphogenesis. The ttg2-6 trichomes displayed aberrant cortical microtubules (cMTs) and actin filaments (F-actin) configurations. Moreover, genetic and biochemical analyses showed that TTG2 could directly bind to the promoter and regulate the expression of BRICK1 (BRK1), which encodes a subunit of the actin nucleation promoting complex suppressor of cyclic AMP repressor (SCAR)/Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin homologous protein (WAVE). Collectively, taking advantage of ttg2-6, we uncovered a function for TTG2 in facilitating cMTs and F-actin cytoskeleton-dependent trichome development, providing insight into cellular signaling events downstream of the core transcriptional regulation during trichome development in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weihua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lanxin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - John Schiefelbein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baird AS, Medeiros CD, Caringella MA, Bowers J, Hii M, Liang J, Matsuda J, Pisipati K, Pohl C, Simon B, Tagaryan S, Buckley TN, Sack L. How and why do species break a developmental trade-off? Elucidating the association of trichomes and stomata across species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16328. [PMID: 38727415 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Previous studies have suggested a trade-off between trichome density (Dt) and stomatal density (Ds) due to shared cell precursors. We clarified how, when, and why this developmental trade-off may be overcome across species. METHODS We derived equations to determine the developmental basis for Dt and Ds in trichome and stomatal indices (it and is) and the sizes of epidermal pavement cells (e), trichome bases (t), and stomata (s) and quantified the importance of these determinants of Dt and Ds for 78 California species. We compiled 17 previous studies of Dt-Ds relationships to determine the commonness of Dt-Ds associations. We modeled the consequences of different Dt-Ds associations for plant carbon balance. RESULTS Our analyses showed that higher Dt was determined by higher it and lower e, and higher Ds by higher is and lower e. Across California species, positive Dt-Ds coordination arose due to it-is coordination and impacts of the variation in e. A Dt-Ds trade-off was found in only 30% of studies. Heuristic modeling showed that species sets would have the highest carbon balance with a positive or negative relationship or decoupling of Dt and Ds, depending on environmental conditions. CONCLUSIONS Shared precursor cells of trichomes and stomata do not limit higher numbers of both cell types or drive a general Dt-Ds trade-off across species. This developmental flexibility across diverse species enables different Dt-Ds associations according to environmental pressures. Developmental trait analysis can clarify how contrasting trait associations would arise within and across species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec S Baird
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
| | - Camila D Medeiros
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Marissa A Caringella
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Julia Bowers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Hii
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - John Liang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Matsuda
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Kirthana Pisipati
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Pohl
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Simon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Silvard Tagaryan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao L, Fan P, Wang Y, Xu N, Zhang M, Chen M, Zhang M, Dou J, Liu D, Niu H, Zhu H, Hu J, Sun S, Yang L, Yang S. ELONGATED HYPOTCOTYL5 and SPINE BASE SIZE1 together mediate light-regulated spine expansion in cucumber. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:552-565. [PMID: 38243383 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Plant trichome development is influenced by diverse developmental and environmental signals, but the molecular mechanisms involved are not well understood in most plant species. Fruit spines (trichomes) are an important trait in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), as they affect both fruit smoothness and commercial quality. Spine Base Size1 (CsSBS1) has been identified as essential for regulating fruit spine size in cucumber. Here, we discovered that CsSBS1 controls a season-dependent phenotype of spine base size in wild-type plants. Decreased light intensity led to reduced expression of CsSBS1 and smaller spine base size in wild-type plants, but not in the mutants with CsSBS1 deletion. Additionally, knockout of CsSBS1 resulted in smaller fruit spine base size and eliminated the light-induced expansion of spines. Overexpression of CsSBS1 increased spine base size and rescued the decrease in spine base size under low light conditions. Further analysis revealed that ELONGATED HYPOTCOTYL5 (HY5), a major transcription factor involved in light signaling pathways, directly binds to the promoter of CsSBS1 and activates its expression. Knockout of CsHY5 led to smaller fruit spine base size and abolished the light-induced expansion of spines. Taken together, our study findings have clarified a CsHY5-CsSBS1 regulatory module that mediates light-regulated spine expansion in cucumber. This finding offers a strategy for cucumber breeders to develop fruit with stable appearance quality under changing light conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yueling Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Nana Xu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Minjuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingyue Chen
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junling Dou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongming Liu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huanhuan Niu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huayu Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianbin Hu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shouru Sun
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Luming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan P, Shen W, Yang L, Tang J, He K, Xu H, Bu F. Physiological and transcriptional analyses reveal the resistance mechanisms of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) mutant with enhanced heat tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108331. [PMID: 38181641 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
High temperature is an environmental stressor that severely threatens plant growth, development, and yield. In this study, we obtained a kiwifruit mutant (MT) of 'Hongyang' (WT) through 60Co-γ irradiation. The MT possessed different leaf morphology and displayed prominently elevated heat tolerance compared to the WT genotype. When exposure to heat stress, the MT plants exhibited stabler photosynthetic capacity and accumulated less reactive oxygen species, along with enhanced antioxidant capacity and higher expression levels of related genes in comparison with the WT plants. Moreover, global transcriptome profiling indicated that an induction in genes related to stress-responsive, phytohormone signaling, and transcriptional regulatory pathways, which might contribute to the upgrade of thermotolerance in the MT genotype. Collectively, the significantly enhanced thermotolerance of MT might be mainly attributed to profitable leaf structure variations, improved photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities, as well as extensive transcriptome reprogram. These findings would be insightful in elucidating the sophisticated mechanisms of kiwifruit response to heat stress, and suggest the MT holds great potential for future kiwifruit improvement with enhanced heat tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yuan
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wanqi Shen
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liying Yang
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiale Tang
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kejia He
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Fanwen Bu
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Viveiros E, Francisco BS, Dutra FB, de Souza LA, Inocente MC, Bastos ACV, da Costa GFL, Barbosa MC, Martins RP, Passaretti RA, Fernandes MJP, de Oliveira JST, Shiguehara APP, Manzoli EC, Teração BS, Piotrowski I, Piña-Rodrigues FCM, da Silva JMS. How the Adequate Choice of Plant Species Favors the Restoration Process in Areas Susceptible to Extreme Frost Events. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1369. [PMID: 37997968 PMCID: PMC10669021 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the impacts caused by extreme frost events in an ecological restoration area. We grouped the species in three ways: (1) type of trichome coverage; (2) shape of the seedling crown; and (3) functional groups according to the degree of damage caused by frost. The variables of the restored area and species characteristics were selected to be subjected to linear generalization analysis models (GLMs). A total of 104 individuals from seven species were sampled. The most affected species were Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (98% of leaves affected), followed by Cecropia pachystachia Trécul and Hymenea courbaril L. (both 97%), Inga vera Willd. (84%), and Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose with 75%. Tapirira guianensis Aubl. was considered an intermediate species, with 62% of the crown affected. Only Solanum granulosoleprosum Dunal was classified as slightly affected, with only 1.5% of leaves affected. With the GLM analysis, it was verified that the interaction between the variables of leaf thickness (Χ² = 37.1, df = 1, p < 0.001), trichome coverage (Χ² = 650.5, df = 2, p < 0.001), and leaf structure culture (Χ² = 54.0, df = 2, p < 0.001) resulted in a model with high predictive power (AIC = 927,244, BIC = 940,735, Χ² = 6947, R² = 0.74, p < 0.001). Frost-affected crown cover was best explained by the interaction between the three functional attributes (74%). We found that there is a tendency for thicker leaves completely covered in trichomes to be less affected by the impact of frost and that the coverage of the affected crown was greatly influenced by the coverage of trichomes. Seedlings with leaves completely covered in trichomes, thicker leaves, and a funneled or more open crown structure are those that are most likely to resist frost events. The success of ecological restoration in areas susceptible to extreme events such as frost can be predicted based on the functional attributes of the chosen species. This can contribute to a better selection of species to be used to restore degraded areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Viveiros
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
- AES Brasil, Bauru 17064-868, Brazil; (R.P.M.); (R.A.P.); (M.J.P.F.)
| | - Bruno Santos Francisco
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Felipe Bueno Dutra
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Lindomar Alves de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Mariane Cristina Inocente
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Aline Cipriano Valentim Bastos
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Glória Fabiani Leão da Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Maycon Cristiano Barbosa
- Undergraduate Program in Forest Engineering, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil;
| | | | | | | | - Julia Siqueira Tagliaferro de Oliveira
- Undergraduate Program in Biologycal Sciences, Department of Biologycal Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula Ponce Shiguehara
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Enzo Coletti Manzoli
- Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (E.V.); (F.B.D.); (L.A.d.S.); (M.C.I.); (A.P.P.S.); (E.C.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.)
| | - Bruna Santos Teração
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (B.S.T.); (I.P.)
| | - Ivonir Piotrowski
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (B.S.T.); (I.P.)
| | - Fátima Conceição Márquez Piña-Rodrigues
- AES Brasil, Bauru 17064-868, Brazil; (R.P.M.); (R.A.P.); (M.J.P.F.)
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (B.S.T.); (I.P.)
| | - José Mauro Santana da Silva
- AES Brasil, Bauru 17064-868, Brazil; (R.P.M.); (R.A.P.); (M.J.P.F.)
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil; (B.S.T.); (I.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li HJ, Bai WP, Liu LB, Liu HS, Wei L, Garant TM, Kalinger RS, Deng YX, Wang GN, Bao AK, Ma Q, Rowland O, Wang SM. Massive increases in C31 alkane on Zygophyllum xanthoxylum leaves contribute to its excellent abiotic stress tolerance. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:723-736. [PMID: 36848247 PMCID: PMC10147333 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Desert plants possess excellent water-conservation capacities to survive in extreme environments. Cuticular wax plays a pivotal role in reducing water loss through plant aerial surfaces. However, the role of cuticular wax in water retention by desert plants is poorly understood. METHODS We investigated leaf epidermal morphology and wax composition of five desert shrubs from north-west China and characterized the wax morphology and composition for the typical xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum under salt, drought and heat treatments. Moreover, we examined leaf water loss and chlorophyll leaching of Z. xanthoxylum and analysed their relationships with wax composition under the above treatments. KEY RESULTS The leaf epidermis of Z. xanthoxylum was densely covered by cuticular wax, whereas the other four desert shrubs had trichomes or cuticular folds in addition to cuticular wax. The total amount of cuticular wax on leaves of Z. xanthoxylum and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus was significantly higher than that of the other three shrubs. Strikingly, C31 alkane, the most abundant component, composed >71 % of total alkanes in Z. xanthoxylum, which was higher than for the other four shrubs studied here. Salt, drought and heat treatments resulted in significant increases in the amount of cuticular wax. Of these treatments, the combined drought plus 45 °C treatment led to the largest increase (107 %) in the total amount of cuticular wax, attributable primarily to an increase of 122 % in C31 alkane. Moreover, the proportion of C31 alkane within total alkanes remained >75 % in all the above treatments. Notably, the water loss and chlorophyll leaching were reduced, which was negatively correlated with C31 alkane content. CONCLUSION Zygophyllum xanthoxylum could serve as a model desert plant for study of the function of cuticular wax in water retention because of its relatively uncomplicated leaf surface and because it accumulates C31 alkane massively to reduce cuticular permeability and resist abiotic stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Wan-Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Lin-Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Hai-Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Li Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Timothy M Garant
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Rebecca S Kalinger
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Yu-Xuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Gai-Ni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Ai-Ke Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Owen Rowland
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Roth-Nebelsick A, Krause M. The Plant Leaf: A Biomimetic Resource for Multifunctional and Economic Design. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020145. [PMID: 37092397 PMCID: PMC10123730 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As organs of photosynthesis, leaves are of vital importance for plants and a source of inspiration for biomimetic developments. Leaves are composed of interconnected functional elements that evolved in concert under high selective pressure, directed toward strategies for improving productivity with limited resources. In this paper, selected basic components of the leaf are described together with biomimetic examples derived from them. The epidermis (the "skin" of leaves) protects the leaf from uncontrolled desiccation and carries functional surface structures such as wax crystals and hairs. The epidermis is pierced by micropore apparatuses, stomata, which allow for regulated gas exchange. Photosynthesis takes place in the internal leaf tissue, while the venation system supplies the leaf with water and nutrients and exports the products of photosynthesis. Identifying the selective forces as well as functional limitations of the single components requires understanding the leaf as an integrated system that was shaped by evolution to maximize carbon gain from limited resource availability. These economic aspects of leaf function manifest themselves as trade-off solutions. Biomimetics is expected to benefit from a more holistic perspective on adaptive strategies and functional contexts of leaf structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Krause
- State Museum of Natural History, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|