1
|
Chen X, Wei C, Zhao J, Zhou D, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zuo H, Dong J, Zhao Z, Hao M, He X, Bian Y. Carnosic acid: an effective phenolic diterpenoid for prevention and management of cancers via targeting multiple signaling pathways. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107288. [PMID: 38977208 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious global public health issue, and a great deal of research has been made to treat cancer. Of these, discovery of promising compounds that effectively fight cancer always has been the main point of interest in pharmaceutical research. Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpenoid compound widely present in Lamiaceae plants such as Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that CA has significant anti-cancer activity, such as leukaemia, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, lymphoma, prostate cancer, oral cancer, etc. The potential mechanisms involved by CA, including inhibiting cell proliferation, inhibiting metastasis, inducing cell apoptosis, stimulating autophagy, regulating the immune system, reducing inflammation, regulating the gut microbiota, and enhancing the effects of other anti-cancer drugs. This article reviews the biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, safety and toxicity, as well as the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of the anticancer activity of CA. This will contribute to the development of CA or CA-containing functional foods for the prevention and treatment of cancer, providing important advances in the advancement of cancer treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Cuntao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Haiyue Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jianhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Man Hao
- Clinical Medical College of Acuupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Ortho and MSK Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Xirui He
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, China; UCL School of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Yangyang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cunha FFMD, Tonon AP, Machado F, Travassos LR, Grazzia N, Possatto JF, Sant'ana AKCD, Lopes RDM, Rodrigues T, Miguel DC, Gadelha FR, Arruda DC. Astaxanthin induces autophagy and apoptosis in murine melanoma B16F10-Nex2 cells and exhibits antitumor activity in vivo. J Chemother 2024; 36:222-237. [PMID: 37800867 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2264585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Countless efforts have been made to prevent and suppress the formation and spread of melanoma. Natural astaxanthin (AST; extracted from the alga Haematococcus pluvialis) showed an antitumor effect on various cancer cell lines due to its interaction with the cell membrane. This study aimed to characterize the antitumor effect of AST against B16F10-Nex2 murine melanoma cells using cell viability assay and evaluate its mechanism of action using electron microscopy, western blotting analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential determination. Astaxanthin exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect in murine melanoma cells with features of apoptosis and autophagy. Astaxanthin also decreased cell migration and invasion in vitro assays at subtoxic concentrations. In addition, assays were conducted in metastatic cancer models in mice where AST significantly decreased the development of pulmonary nodules. In conclusion, AST has cytotoxic effect in melanoma cells and inhibits cell migration and invasion, indicating a promising use in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Pedroso Tonon
- Instituto de Física e Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabricio Machado
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Rodolpho Travassos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Grazzia
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rayssa de Mello Lopes
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Danilo Ciccone Miguel
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Costa Arruda
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia (NIB), Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang X, Xu L, Yang L, Xu S. Research progress of STAT3-based dual inhibitors for cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 91:117382. [PMID: 37369169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a transcription factor, regulates gene levels that are associated with cell survival, cell cycle, and immune reaction. It is correlated with the grade of malignancy and the development of various cancers and targeting STAT3 protein is a potentially promising therapeutic strategy for tumors. Over the past 20 years, various compounds have been found to directly inhibit STAT3 activity via different strategies. However, numerous difficulties exist in the development of STAT3 inhibitors, such as serious toxic effects, poor therapeutic effects, and intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. STAT3 inhibitors synergistically suppress cancer development with additional anti-tumor drugs, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitors (IDO1i), histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), DNA inhibitors, pro-tumorigenic cytokine inhibitors (PTCi), NF-κB inhibitors, and tubulin inhibitors. Therefore, individual molecule- based dual-target inhibitors can be the candidate alternative or complementary treatment to overcome the disadvantages of just STAT3 or other targets as a monotherapy. In this review, we discuss the theoretical basis for formulating STAT3-based dual-target inhibitors and also summarize their structure-activity relationships (SARs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Shaohong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu H, Bai H, Huang L, Yang B, Zhao H. Eupalinolide J Inhibits Cancer Metastasis by Promoting STAT3 Ubiquitin-Dependent Degradation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073143. [PMID: 37049904 PMCID: PMC10096386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Eupalinolide J (EJ) is an active component from Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. (EL), which was reported to have good antitumor activity via STAT3 and Akt signaling pathways. In this study, we identified Eupalinolide J (EJ) as a potential anti-cancer metastatic agent by target prediction and molecular docking technique screening. Follow-up experiments demonstrated that EJ exhibited a good inhibitory effect on cancer cell metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, and could effectively reduce the expression of STAT3, MMP-2, and MMP-9 proteins in cells, while the knockdown of STAT3 could weaken the inhibitory effect of EJ on cancer cell metastasis. Further molecular biology experiments revealed that EJ promoted STAT3 ubiquitin-dependent degradation, and thus, downregulated the expression of the metastasis-related genes MMP-2 and MMP-9. In conclusion, our study revealed that EJ, a sesquiterpene lactone from EL, could act as a STAT3 degradation agent to inhibit cancer cell metastasis and is expected to be applied in cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Hossain SM, Eccles MR. Phenotype Switching and the Melanoma Microenvironment; Impact on Immunotherapy and Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021601. [PMID: 36675114 PMCID: PMC9864717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, a highly heterogeneous tumor, is comprised of a functionally diverse spectrum of cell phenotypes and subpopulations, including stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Melanoma has been shown to dynamically shift between different transcriptional states or phenotypes. This is referred to as phenotype switching in melanoma, and it involves switching between quiescent and proliferative cell cycle states, and dramatic shifts in invasiveness, as well as changes in signaling pathways in the melanoma cells, and immune cell composition in the TME. Melanoma cell plasticity is associated with altered gene expression in immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, as well as changes in extracellular matrix, which drive the metastatic cascade and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, resistance to therapy in melanoma is not only dependent on genetic evolution, but it has also been suggested to be driven by gene expression changes and adaptive phenotypic cell plasticity. This review discusses recent findings in melanoma phenotype switching, immunotherapy resistance, and the balancing of the homeostatic TME between the different melanoma cell subpopulations. We also discuss future perspectives of the biology of neural crest-like state(s) in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Mehbuba Hossain
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Michael R. Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Quercetin Mediated TET1 Expression Through MicroRNA-17 Induced Cell Apoptosis in Melanoma Cells. Biochem Genet 2022; 61:762-777. [PMID: 36136257 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A previous report suggested that the expression of ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins is abnormal in certain cancers. Quercetin has been demonstrated as anti-cancer role in cancer development. In order to explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of quercetin on uveal melanoma cells, the expression of TET proteins was analyzed in the present study. Our results suggest that the expression of TET1 was increased following treatment with quercetin in OCM-1, SK-MEL-1, and B16 cells. In addition, quercetin treatment induced apoptosis and inhibited migration and invasion. To further investigate the association of the expression of TET1 with cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, cell lines in which TET1 was knocked-down or overexpressed were constructed. The results showed that the increased expression of TET1-induced apoptosis, increased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5 hmC). and inhibited invasion. Our bioinformatics studies indicated that TET1 is a target gene of microRNA-17 (miR-17) Our results showed that inhibition of the expression of miR-17 resulted in increased TET1 expression in OCM-1 cells. Furthermore, our results indicated that quercetin treatment increased TET1 expression and inhibited melanoma growth in nude mice. Taken together, our results suggest that quercetin can regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis through TET1 via miR-17 in melanoma cells.
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu X, Wang K, Vera O, Verma A, Jasani N, Bok I, Elemento O, Du D, Yu X, Karreth FA. Gain of Chromosome 1q Perturbs a Competitive Endogenous RNA Network to Promote Melanoma Metastasis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3016-3031. [PMID: 36052492 PMCID: PMC9971359 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic copy-number alterations (CNA) promote cancer, but the underlying driver genes may not be comprehensively identified if only the functions of the encoded proteins are considered. mRNAs can act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA), which sponge miRNAs to posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression in a protein coding-independent manner. We investigated the contribution of ceRNAs to the oncogenic effects of CNAs. Chromosome 1q gains promoted melanoma progression and metastasis at least in part through overexpression of three mRNAs with ceRNA activity: CEP170, NUCKS1, and ZC3H11A. These ceRNAs enhanced melanoma metastasis by sequestering tumor suppressor miRNAs. Orthogonal genetic assays with miRNA inhibitors and target site blockers, along with rescue experiments, demonstrated that miRNA sequestration is critical for the oncogenic effects of CEP170, NUCKS1, and ZC3H11A mRNAs. Furthermore, chromosome 1q ceRNA-mediated miRNA sequestration alleviated the repression of several prometastatic target genes. This regulatory RNA network was evident in other cancer types, suggesting chromosome 1q ceRNA deregulation as a common driver of cancer progression. Taken together, this work demonstrates that ceRNAs mediate the oncogenicity of somatic CNAs. SIGNIFICANCE The function of CEP170, NUCKS1, and ZC3H11A mRNAs as competitive endogenous RNAs that sequester tumor suppressor microRNAs underlies the oncogenic activity of chromosome 1q gains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Kaizhen Wang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Olga Vera
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Neel Jasani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ilah Bok
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dongliang Du
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Florian A. Karreth
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Correspondence: Florian A. Karreth, PhD, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Stabile Research Building, Rm 23043, Tampa, FL 33612, USA, , Phone: 813-745-1851
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Wang F, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhao B. ADAR1-Mediated RNA Editing and Its Role in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:956649. [PMID: 35898396 PMCID: PMC9309331 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.956649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the stability of RNA, the interaction between RNA and protein, and the correct translation of protein are significant forces that drive the transition from normal cell to malignant tumor. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is an RNA editing enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I), which is one dynamic modification that in a combinatorial manner can give rise to a very diverse transcriptome. ADAR1-mediated RNA editing is essential for survival in mammals and its dysregulation results in aberrant editing of its substrates that may affect the phenotypic changes in cancer. This overediting phenomenon occurs in many cancers, such as liver, lung, breast, and esophageal cancers, and promotes tumor progression in most cases. In addition to its editing role, ADAR1 can also play an editing-independent role, although current research on this mechanism is relatively shallowly explored in tumors. In this review, we summarize the nature of ADAR1, mechanisms of ADAR1 editing-dependent and editing-independent and implications for tumorigenesis and prognosis, and pay special attention to effects of ADAR1 on cancers by regulating non-coding RNA formation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jizhe Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yindan Zhang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingfeng Liu, ; Bixing Zhao,
| | - Bixing Zhao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingfeng Liu, ; Bixing Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thomas R, Menon V, Mani R, Pruszak J. Glycan Epitope and Integrin Expression Dynamics Characterize Neural Crest Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2952-2965. [PMID: 35727432 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest gives rise to progeny as diverse as peripheral neurons, myelinating cells, cranial muscle, bone and cartilage tissues, and melanocytes. Neural crest derivation encompasses complex morphological change, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration to the eventual target locations throughout the body. Neural crest cultures derived from stem cells provide an attractive source for developmental studies in human model systems, of immediate biomedical relevance for neurocristopathies, neural cancer biology and regenerative medicine, if only appropriate markers for lineage and cell type definition and quality control criteria were available. Implementing a defined, scalable protocol to generate neural crest cells from embryonic stem cells, we identify stage-defining cluster-of-differentiation (CD) surface markers during human neural crest development in vitro. Acquisition of increasingly mesenchymal phenotype was characterized by absence of neuroepithelial stemness markers (CD15, CD133, CD49f) and by decrease of CD57 and CD24. Increased per-cell-expression of CD29, CD44 and CD73 correlated with established EMT markers as determined by immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis. The further development towards migratory neural crest was associated with decreased CD24, CD49f (ITGA6) and CD57 (HNK1) versus an enhanced CD49d (ITGA4), CD49e (ITGA5) and CD51/CD61 (ITGAV/ITGB3) expression. Notably, a shift from CD57 to CD51/CD61 was identified as a sensitive surrogate surface indicator of EMT in neural crest in vitro development. The reported changes in glycan epitope and integrin surface expression may prove useful for elucidating neural crest stemness, EMT progression and malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ria Thomas
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MB, USA
| | - Vishal Menon
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rakesh Mani
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria.,Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg and Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jan Pruszak
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MB, USA. .,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria. .,Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg and Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Koroknai V, Szász I, Jámbor K, Balázs M. Cytokine and Chemokine Receptor Patterns of Human Malignant Melanoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2644. [PMID: 35269787 PMCID: PMC8910570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine and chemokine receptors can promote tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis development by inducing different intracellular signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to determine the cytokine and chemokine receptor gene expression patterns in human melanoma cell lines. We found a large set of cytokine and chemokine receptor genes that were significantly differentially expressed between melanoma cell lines that originated from different subtypes of primary melanomas as well as cell lines that originated from melanoma metastases. The relative expressions of two receptor genes (CCR2 and TNFRSF11B) were positively correlated with the invasive potential of the cell lines, whereas a negative correlation was observed for the TNFRSF14 gene expression. We also found a small set of receptor genes that exhibited a significantly decreased expression in association with a BRAFV600E mutation. Based on our results, we assume that the analyzed cytokine and chemokine receptor collection may provide potential to distinguish the different subtypes of melanomas, helping us to understand the biological behavior of BRAFV600E-mutated melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Koroknai
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (V.K.); (I.S.)
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - István Szász
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (V.K.); (I.S.)
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Krisztina Jámbor
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Margit Balázs
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (V.K.); (I.S.)
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
De Tomi E, Campagnari R, Orlandi E, Cardile A, Zanrè V, Menegazzi M, Gomez-Lira M, Gotte G. Upregulation of miR-34a-5p, miR-20a-3p and miR-29a-3p by Onconase in A375 Melanoma Cells Correlates with the Downregulation of Specific Onco-Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031647. [PMID: 35163570 PMCID: PMC8835754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Onconase (ONC) is an amphibian secretory ribonuclease displaying cytostatic and cytotoxic activities against many mammalian tumors, including melanoma. ONC principally damages tRNA species, but also other non-coding RNAs, although its precise targets are not known. We investigated the ONC ability to modulate the expression of 16 onco-suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs) in the A375 BRAF-mutated melanoma cell line. RT-PCR and immunoblots were used to measure the expression levels of miRNAs and their regulated proteins, respectively. In silico study was carried out to verify the relations between miRNAs and their mRNA targets. A375 cell transfection with miR-20a-3p and miR-34a-5p mimics or inhibitors was performed. The onco-suppressors miR-20a-3p, miR-29a-3p and miR-34a-5p were highly expressed in 48-h ONC-treated A375 cells. The cytostatic effect of ONC in A375 cells was mechanistically explained by the sharp inhibition of cyclins D1 and A2 expression level, as well as by downregulation of retinoblastoma protein and cyclin-dependent-kinase-2 activities. Remarkably, the expression of kinases ERK1/2 and Akt, as well as of the hypoxia inducible factor-1α, was inhibited by ONC. All these proteins control pro-survival pathways. Finally, many crucial proteins involved in migration, invasion and metastatic potential were downregulated by ONC. Results obtained from transfection of miR-20a-3p and miR-34a-5p inhibitors in the presence of ONC show that these miRNAs may participate in the antitumor effects of ONC in the A375 cell line. In conclusion, we identified many intracellular downregulated proteins involved in melanoma cell proliferation, metabolism and progression. All mRNAs coding these proteins may be targets of miR-20a-3p, miR-29a-3p and/or miR-34a-5p, which are in turn upregulated by ONC. Data suggest that several known ONC anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic activities in A375 melanoma cells might depend on the upregulation of onco-suppressor miRNAs. Notably, miRNAs stability depends on the upstream regulation by long-non-coding-RNAs or circular-RNAs that can, in turn, be damaged by ONC ribonucleolytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa De Tomi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biology and Genetics Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy; (E.D.T.); (E.O.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Rachele Campagnari
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.); (V.Z.); (G.G.)
| | - Elisa Orlandi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biology and Genetics Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy; (E.D.T.); (E.O.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Alessia Cardile
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.); (V.Z.); (G.G.)
| | - Valentina Zanrè
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.); (V.Z.); (G.G.)
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.); (V.Z.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Macarena Gomez-Lira
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biology and Genetics Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy; (E.D.T.); (E.O.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Giovanni Gotte
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.); (V.Z.); (G.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kestel S, Uyar Göçün FP, Öğüt B, Erdem Ö. Metastatic melanoma: clinicopathologic features and overall survival comparison. ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2022. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2022.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
13
|
Papp O, Doma V, Gil J, Markó-Varga G, Kárpáti S, Tímár J, Vízkeleti L. Organ Specific Copy Number Variations in Visceral Metastases of Human Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5984. [PMID: 34885093 PMCID: PMC8657127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers with high potential of visceral dissemination. Since the information about melanoma genomics is mainly based on primary tumors and lymphatic or skin metastases, an autopsy-based visceral metastasis biobank was established. We used copy number variation arrays (N = 38 samples) to reveal organ specific alterations. Results were partly completed by proteomic analysis. A significant increase of high-copy number gains was found in an organ-specific manner, whereas copy number losses were predominant in brain metastases, including the loss of numerous DNA damage response genes. Amplification of many immune genes was also observed, several of them are novel in melanoma, suggesting that their ectopic expression is possibly underestimated. This "immunogenic mimicry" was exclusive for lung metastasis. We also provided evidence for the possible autocrine activation of c-MET, especially in brain and lung metastases. Furthermore, frequent loss of 9p21 locus in brain metastases may predict higher metastatic potential to this organ. Finally, a significant correlation was observed between BRAF gene copy number and mutant allele frequency, mainly in lung metastases. All of these events may influence therapy efficacy in an organ specific manner, which knowledge may help in alleviating difficulties caused by resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Papp
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary; (O.P.); (V.D.); (L.V.)
- Turbine Simulated Cell Technologies, 1027 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória Doma
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary; (O.P.); (V.D.); (L.V.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Jeovanis Gil
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - György Markó-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- 1st Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sarolta Kárpáti
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - József Tímár
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary; (O.P.); (V.D.); (L.V.)
| | - Laura Vízkeleti
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary; (O.P.); (V.D.); (L.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Catalani E, Giovarelli M, Zecchini S, Perrotta C, Cervia D. Oxidative Stress and Autophagy as Key Targets in Melanoma Cell Fate. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225791. [PMID: 34830947 PMCID: PMC8616245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes and is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer. The recent approval of several drugs has increased the chance of survival although a significant subset of patients with metastatic melanoma do not show a long-lasting response to these treatments. The complex cross-talk between oxidative stress and the catabolic process autophagy seems to play a central role in all aspects of melanoma pathophysiology, from initiation to progression and metastasis, including drug resistance. However, determining the fine role of autophagy in cancer death and in response to redox disruption is still a fundamental challenge in order to advance both basic and translational aspects of this field. In order to summarize the interactions among reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, autophagy machinery and proliferation/growth/death/apoptosis/survival, we provide here a narrative review of the preclinical evidence for drugs/treatments that modulate oxidative stress and autophagy in melanoma cells. The significance and the potential for pharmacological targeting (also through multiple and combination approaches) of these two different events, which can contribute independently or simultaneously to the fate of melanoma, may help to define new processes and their interconnections underlying skin cancer biology and unravel new reliable approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dong J, Cheng XD, Zhang WD, Qin JJ. Recent Update on Development of Small-Molecule STAT3 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy: From Phosphorylation Inhibition to Protein Degradation. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8884-8915. [PMID: 34170703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that regulates various biological processes, including proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune response, and chemoresistance. In normal cells, STAT3 is tightly regulated to maintain a transiently active state, while persistent STAT3 activation occurs frequently in cancers, associating with a poor prognosis and tumor progression. Targeting the STAT3 protein is a potentially promising therapeutic strategy for tumors. Although none of the STAT3 inhibitors has been marketed yet, a few of them have succeeded in entering clinical trials. This Review aims to systematically summarize the progress of the last 5 years in the discovery of directive STAT3 small-molecule inhibitors and degraders, focusing primarily on their structural features, design strategies, and bioactivities. We hope this Review will shed light on future drug design and inhibitor optimization to accelerate the discovery process of STAT3 inhibitors or degraders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Dong
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Cheng
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
NecroX-5 Can Suppress Melanoma Metastasis by Reducing the Expression of Rho-Family GTPases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132790. [PMID: 34201921 PMCID: PMC8267632 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NecroX-5 (NX-5) is a cell-permeable necrosis inhibitor with cytoprotective effects. Although it has been reported to inhibit lung and breast cancer metastasis by modulating migration, its therapeutic effect on melanoma metastasis is still unknown. In this study, we examined the anti-metastatic effect of NX-5 on melanoma cell lines and its related therapeutic mechanism. The anti-metastatic effect of NX-5 on melanoma cell lines was determined using a transwell migration assay. We performed a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis to measure changes in the expression of mRNA and protein, respectively, for major mediators of Rho-family GTPases after NX-5 treatment in melanoma cells. In addition, after constructing the 3D melanoma model, the expression of Rho-family GTPases was measured by immunohistochemistry. NX-5 (10 μM and 20 μM) treatment significantly reduced melanoma cell migration (p < 0.01). Additionally, NX-5 (20 μM) treatment significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA in melanoma cells compared with the untreated group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Immunohistochemistry for our 3D melanoma model showed that Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA were constitutively expressed in the nuclei of melanoma cells of the untreated group, and NX-5 treatment decreased their expression. These results demonstrate that NX-5 can suppress melanoma metastasis by reducing the expression of Rho-family GTPases.
Collapse
|
17
|
Monestier S, Dalle S, Mortier L, Dutriaux C, Dalac-Rat S, Meyer N, Leccia MT, Mansard S, Montaudié H, Saiag P, Combemale P, Guillot B, Skowron F, Duval Modeste AB, Bénéton N, Hainaut E, Robert C, Arnault JP, Le Corre Y, Jouary T, Ameur N, Varey E, Khammari A, Dréno B. Effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in patients with advanced melanoma: A multicenter, observational study. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2789-2798. [PMID: 33428772 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective observational study aimed to determine the effectiveness, safety and patterns of the use of nivolumab in patients with advanced melanoma in real-world clinical practice in France using data from a Temporary Authorization for Use Program (ATU). Data were collected from patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma enrolled in a French national database (Réseau pour la Recherche et l'Investigation Clinique sur le Mélanome: Ric-Mel) and treated with nivolumab during the ATU program (12 September 2014 to 31 August 2015). The primary objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of patient characteristics on clinical response and overall survival (OS). Among 400 included patients (median age 66 years), the majority (83%) received nivolumab as second- or subsequent-line therapy. The median durations of progression-free survival and OS were 3.3 and 14.1 months, respectively, and 31.6% of patients achieved an objective response with a median duration of 20.1 months (range: 0-34.7). The safety profile of nivolumab was manageable and consistent with those of previous clinical trials, with an incidence of grade 3-5 adverse events of 13.8%. The safety and effectiveness of nivolumab in patients with advanced melanoma in real-world clinical practice in France were in line with the data reported in the Phase 3 trials CheckMate 066 and 037 of nivolumab in this patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Monestier
- AP-HM Dermatology Department, Hôpital de la Timone, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- Lyon University, Cancerology Institute of Lyon Civic Hospital, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Mortier
- Inserm U 1189, Dermatology Department, CHU de Lille, Lille University, Lille, France
| | - Caroline Dutriaux
- Dermatology Department, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Saint André, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Dalac-Rat
- Dermatology Department, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, CHU Le Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- Dermatology Department, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse et CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Thérèse Leccia
- Dermatology Department, CHU Albert Michalon, Grenoble, Université de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Mansard
- Dermatology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Henri Montaudié
- Dermatology Department, CHU Nice, Hôpital Archet 2, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Saiag
- General & Oncology Dermatology Department, Hôpital Ambroise Paré & EA4340, UVSQ, Boulogne-Billancourt
| | | | - Bernard Guillot
- Dermatology Department, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - François Skowron
- Dermatology Department, Hôpitaux Drôme Nord, Romans-sur-Isère, France
| | | | | | - Ewa Hainaut
- Dermatology Department, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Caroline Robert
- Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Thomas Jouary
- Dermatology Department, Centre Hospitalier de Pau, Pau, France
| | - Nabahet Ameur
- Medical Department, Immuno-oncology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research, Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | - Emilie Varey
- Dermatology Department, CHU Nantes, Université Nantes, CIC 1413, CRCINA Inserm U1232, Nantes, France
| | - Amir Khammari
- Dermatology Department, CHU Nantes, Université Nantes, CIC 1413, CRCINA Inserm U1232, Nantes, France
| | - Brigitte Dréno
- Dermatology Department, CHU Nantes, Université Nantes, CIC 1413, CRCINA Inserm U1232, Nantes, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dai H, Guo L, Lin M, Cheng Z, Li J, Tang J, Huan X, Huang Y, Xu K. Comprehensive analysis and identification of key genes and signaling pathways in the occurrence and metastasis of cutaneous melanoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10265. [PMID: 33240619 PMCID: PMC7680623 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, and the incidence has increased faster than any other cancer over the past half century. Most primary melanoma can be cured by local excision, but metastatic melanoma has a poor prognosis. Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is prone to metastasis, so the research on the mechanism of melanoma occurrence and metastasis will be beneficial to diagnose early, improve treatment, and prolong life survival. In this study, we compared the gene expression of normal skin (N), primary cutaneous melanoma (PM) and metastatic cutaneous melanoma (MM) in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then we identified the key genes and molecular pathways that may be involved in the development and metastasis of cutaneous melanoma, thus to discover potential markers or therapeutic targets. Methods Three gene expression profiles (GSE7553, GSE15605 and GSE46517) were downloaded from the GEO database, which contained 225 tissue samples. R software identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between pairs of N, PM and MM samples in the three sets of data. Subsequently, we analyzed the gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway of the DEGs, and constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. MCODE was used to seek the most important modules in PPI network, and then the GO function and KEGG pathway of them were analyzed. Finally, the hub genes were calculated by the cytoHubba in Cytoscape software. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were analyzed using UALCAN and GEPIA to validate the hub genes and analyze the prognosis of patients. Results A total of 134, 317 and 147 DEGs were identified between N, PM and MM in pair. GO functions and KEGG pathways analysis results showed that the upregulated DEGs mainly concentrated in cell division, spindle microtubule, protein kinase activity and the pathway of transcriptional misregulation in cancer. The downregulated DEGs occurred in epidermis development, extracellular exosome, structural molecule activity, metabolic pathways and p53 signaling pathway. The PPI network obtained the most important module, whose GO function and KEGG pathway were enriched in oxidoreductase activity, cell division, cell exosomes, protein binding, structural molecule activity, and metabolic pathways. 14, 18 and 18 DEGs were identified respectively as the hub genes between N, PM and MM, and TCGA data confirmed the expression differences of hub genes. In addition, the overall survival curve of hub genes showed that the differences in these genes may lead to a significant decrease in overall survival of melanoma patients. Conclusions In this study, several hub genes were found from normal skin, primary melanoma and metastatic melanoma samples. These hub genes may play an important role in the production, invasion, recurrence or death of CM, and may provide new ideas and potential targets for its diagnosis or treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanying Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihuang Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenbo Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xisha Huan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, HuNan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
ShcD Binds DOCK4, Promotes Ameboid Motility and Metastasis Dissemination, Predicting Poor Prognosis in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113366. [PMID: 33202906 PMCID: PMC7696252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastasis formation and dissemination is a complex process that relies on several steps. Even though highly inefficient, metastasis spreading is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in patients. The aim of our study was to investigate the molecular pathways leading to metastases making use of human-in-mouse melanoma models of patient-derived xenografts. We demonstrate that the modulation of the expression of an adaptor protein of the Shc family, ShcD, can change the phenotype and the invasive properties of melanoma cells when highly expressed. We also show that ShcD binds DOCK4 and confines it into the cytoplasm, blocking the Rac1 signaling pathways, thus leading to metastasis development. Moreover, our results indicate that melanoma cells are more sensitive to therapeutic treatments when the ShcD molecular pathway is inactivated, suggesting that new therapeutic strategies can be designed in melanomas. Abstract Metastases are the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. The underlying molecular and biological mechanisms remain, however, elusive, thus preventing the design of specific therapies. In melanomas, the metastatic process is influenced by the acquisition of metastasis-associated mutational and epigenetic traits and the activation of metastatic-specific signaling pathways in the primary melanoma. In the current study, we investigated the role of an adaptor protein of the Shc family (ShcD) in the acquisition of metastatic properties by melanoma cells, exploiting our cohort of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). We provide evidence that the depletion of ShcD expression increases a spread cell shape and the capability of melanoma cells to attach to the extracellular matrix while its overexpression switches their morphology from elongated to rounded on 3D matrices, enhances cells’ invasive phenotype, as observed on collagen gel, and favors metastasis formation in vivo. ShcD overexpression sustains amoeboid movement in melanoma cells, by suppressing the Rac1 signaling pathway through the confinement of DOCK4 in the cytoplasm. Inactivation of the ShcD signaling pathway makes melanoma cells more sensitive to therapeutic treatments. Consistently, ShcD expression predicts poor outcome in a cohort of 183 primary melanoma patients.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wei Z, Wang H, Xin G, Zeng Z, Li S, Ming Y, Zhang X, Xing Z, Li L, Li Y, Zhang B, Zhang J, Niu H, Huang W. A pH-Sensitive Prodrug Nanocarrier Based on Diosgenin for Doxorubicin Delivery to Efficiently Inhibit Tumor Metastasis. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6545-6560. [PMID: 32943867 PMCID: PMC7480473 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s250549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metastasis, one of the biggest barriers in cancer therapy, is the leading cause of tumor deterioration and recurrence. The anti.-metastasis has been considered as a feasible strategy for clinical cancer management. It is well known that diosgenin could inhibit tumor metastasis and doxorubicin (DOX) could induce tumor apoptosis. However, their efficient delivery remains challenging. PURPOSE To address these issues, a novel pH-sensitive polymer-prodrug based on diosgenin nanoparticles (NPs) platform was developed to enhance the efficiency of DOX delivery (DOX/NPs) for synergistic therapy of cutaneous melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer with high malignancy, early metastasis and high mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS The inhibitory effect of DOX/NPs on tumor proliferation and migration was superior to that of NPs or free DOX. What is more, DOX/NPs could combine mitochondria-associated metastasis and apoptosis with unique internalization pathway of carrier to fight tumors. In addition, biodistribution experiments proved that DOX/NPs could efficiently accumulate in tumor sites through enhancing permeation and retention (EPR) effect compared with free DOX. Importantly, the data from in vivo experiment revealed that DOX/NPs without heart toxicity significantly inhibited tumor metastasis by exerting synergistic therapeutic effect, and reduced tumor volume and weight by inducing apoptosis. CONCLUSION The nanocarrier DOX/NPs with satisfying pharmaceutical characteristics based on the establishment of two different functional agents is a promising strategy for synergistically enhancing effects of cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeliang Wei
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Textile Institute, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Xin
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Li
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Ming
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Xing
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youping Li
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boli Zhang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Niu
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- College of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang M, Li S, Wang Y, Cheng H, Su J, Li Q. Gambogenic acid induces ferroptosis in melanoma cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 401:115110. [PMID: 32533954 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is characterized by high malignancy and early onset of metastasis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an early event during tumor metastasis. Tumor cells that develop EMT can escape apoptosis, but they are vulnerable to ferroptosis inducers. Gambogenic acid (GNA), a xanthone found in Gamboge, has cytotoxic effects in highly invasive melanoma cells. This study investigated the anti-melanoma effect and mechanism of action of GNA in TGF-β1-induced EMT melanoma cells. We found that GNA significantly inhibited the invasion, migration and EMT in melanoma cells, and these cells exhibited small mitochondrial wrinkling (an important feature of ferroptosis). An iron chelator, but not an apoptosis inhibitor or a necrosis inhibitor, abolished the inhibitory effects of GNA on proliferation, invasion and migration of TGF-β1-stimulated melanoma cells. GNA upregulated the expression of p53, solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the model cells, contributing to the mechanisms underlying GNA-induced ferroptosis. Collectively, our findings suggest that GNA induces ferroptosis in TGF-β1-stimulated melanoma cells via the p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Youlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jingjing Su
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicial Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cao HH, Liu DY, Lai YC, Chen YY, Yu LZ, Shao M, Liu JS. Inhibition of the STAT3 Signaling Pathway Contributes to the Anti-Melanoma Activities of Shikonin. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:748. [PMID: 32536866 PMCID: PMC7267064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant melanoma is an extremely aggressive and metastatic cancer, and highly resistant to conventional therapies. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling promotes melanoma development and progression, which has been validated as an effective target in melanoma treatment. Natural naphthoquinone shikonin is reported to exert anti-melanoma effects. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Purpose This study aims to evaluate the anti-melanoma activities of shikonin and explore the involvement of STAT3 signaling in these effects. Methods Zebrafish tumor model was established to evaluate the anti-human melanoma effects of shikonin in vivo. MTT assay and colony formation assay were employed to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of shikonin on human melanoma A375 and A2058 cells. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle distribution and apoptosis induction. Wound healing assay and Transwell chamber assay were conducted to examine the cell migratory and invasive abilities. Immunofluorescence assay was used to observe F-actin, Tubulin, and STAT3 localization. Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of proteins associated with apoptosis and key proteins in the STAT3 signaling pathway. Immunoblotting was performed in DSS cross-linked cells to determine the homo-dimerization of STAT3. Gelatin zymography was employed to evaluate the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Transient transfection was used to overexpress STAT3 in cell models. Results Shikonin suppressed melanoma growth in cultured cells and in zebrafish xenograft models. Shikonin induced melanoma cells apoptosis, inhibited cell migration and invasion. Mechanistic study indicated that shikonin inhibited the phosphorylation and homo-dimerization of STAT3, thus reduced its nuclear localization. Further study showed that shikonin decreased the levels of STAT3-targeted genes Mcl-1, Bcl-2, MMP-2, vimentin, and Twist, which are involved in melanoma survival, migration, and invasion. More importantly, overexpression of constitutively active STAT3 partially abolished the anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, and anti-invasive effects of shikonin. Conclusion The anti-melanoma activity of shikonin is at least partially attributed to the inhibition on STAT3 signaling. These findings provide new insights into the anti-melanoma molecular mechanisms of shikonin, suggesting its potential in melanoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Cao
- Traditional Chinese Pharmacological, Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Yi Liu
- Traditional Chinese Pharmacological, Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Cai Lai
- Guangzhou BaiYunShan Pharmaceutical General Factory, Guangzhou BaiYunShan Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yao Chen
- Traditional Chinese Pharmacological, Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Zhong Yu
- Traditional Chinese Pharmacological, Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Shao
- Traditional Chinese Pharmacological, Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Shan Liu
- Traditional Chinese Pharmacological, Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ivanova K, Hemmersbach R. Guanylyl Cyclase-cGMP Signaling Pathway in Melanocytes: Differential Effects of Altered Gravity in Non-Metastatic and Metastatic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031139. [PMID: 32046325 PMCID: PMC7037284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal melanocytes as melanin producing skin cells represent a crucial barrier against UV-radiation and oxidative stress. It was shown that the intracellular signaling molecule cyclic guanosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP), generated by the guanylyl cyclases (GCs), e.g., the nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive soluble GC (sGC) and the natriuretic peptide-activated particulate GC (GC-A/GC-B), plays a role in the melanocyte response to environmental stress. Importantly, cGMP is involved in NO-induced perturbation of melanocyte–extracellular matrix interactions and in addition, increased NO production during inflammation may lead to loss of melanocytes and support melanoma metastasis. Further, the NO-sensitive sGC is expressed predominantly in human melanocytes and non-metastatic melanoma cells, whereas absence of functional sGC but up-regulated expression of GC-A/GC-B and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) are detected in metastatic cells. Thus, suppression of sGC expression as well as up-regulated expression of GC-A/GC-B/iNOS appears to correlate with tumor aggressiveness. As the cGMP pathway plays important roles in melanocyte (patho)physiology, we present an overview on the differential effects of altered gravity (hypergravity/simulated microgravity) on the cGMP signaling pathway in melanocytes and melanoma cells with different metastatic potential. We believe that future experiments in real microgravity may benefit from considering cGMP signaling as a possible factor for melanocyte transformation and in medication.
Collapse
|
24
|
Koroknai V, Szász I, Hernandez-Vargas H, Fernandez-Jimenez N, Cuenin C, Herceg Z, Vízkeleti L, Ádány R, Ecsedi S, Balázs M. DNA hypermethylation is associated with invasive phenotype of malignant melanoma. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:39-50. [PMID: 31602702 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell invasion is one of the key processes during cancer progression, leading to life-threatening metastatic lesions in melanoma. As methylation of cancer-related genes plays a fundamental role during tumorigenesis and may lead to cellular plasticity which promotes invasion, our aim was to identify novel epigenetic markers on selected invasive melanoma cells. Using Illumina BeadChip assays and Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 microarrays, we explored the DNA methylation landscape of selected invasive melanoma cells and examined the impact of DNA methylation on gene expression patterns. Our data revealed predominantly hypermethylated genes in the invasive cells affecting the neural crest differentiation pathway and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Integrative analysis of the methylation and gene expression profiles resulted in a cohort of hypermethylated genes (IL12RB2, LYPD6B, CHL1, SLC9A3, BAALC, FAM213A, SORCS1, GPR158, FBN1 and ADORA2B) with decreased expression. On the other hand, hypermethylation in the gene body of the EGFR and RBP4 genes was positively correlated with overexpression of the genes. We identified several methylation changes that can have role during melanoma progression, including hypermethylation of the promoter regions of the ARHGAP22 and NAV2 genes that are commonly altered in locally invasive primary melanomas as well as during metastasis. Interestingly, the down-regulation of the methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2 gene, which regulates DNA methylation, was associated with hypermethylated promoter region of the gene. This can probably lead to the observed global hypermethylation pattern of invasive cells and might be one of the key changes during the development of malignant melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Koroknai
- Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Szász
- Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | - Cyrille Cuenin
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Laura Vízkeleti
- Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róza Ádány
- Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Ecsedi
- Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Margit Balázs
- Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Simiczyjew A, Dratkiewicz E, Podgórska M, Styczeń I, Matkowski R, Ziętek M, Nowak D. Expression level of EGFR and MET receptors regulates invasiveness of melanoma cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:8453-8463. [PMID: 31638339 PMCID: PMC6850915 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal and hepatocyte growth factors can stimulate invasive abilities of melanoma cells, while treatment with combination of their receptors' (EGFR and MET, respectively) inhibitors reduces viability of these cells, as we have previously shown. Proposed therapy has potential; however, used drugs block more than one goal effectively, what raises the question about the real target of analysed inhibitors. For this reason, we analysed direct involvement of these receptors in the invasion of melanoma cells inducing EGFR and MET up‐ and down‐regulations in examined cells. Results were acquired with assays evaluating cell migration and invasion (scratch wound assay, Transwell filter‐based method and single‐cell tracking). We revealed that cells' motile abilities are increased after EGFR overexpression and decreased following EGFR and MET silencing. This outcome correlates with elevated (EGFR up‐regulation) or reduced (EGFR/MET down‐regulation) number of formed invadopodia, visualized with immunofluorescence, and their rate of proteolytic abilities, evaluated by fluorescent gelatin degradation assay, and gelatin zymography, compared to control cells. Above‐mentioned data indicate that both—EGFR and MET signalling is directly connected with melanoma cells invasion, what establishes these receptors as promising targets for anti‐cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Simiczyjew
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Dratkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Podgórska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Styczeń
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,Lower Silesian Oncology Center, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ziętek
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,Lower Silesian Oncology Center, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Benitez MLR, Bender CB, Oliveira TL, Schachtschneider KM, Collares T, Seixas FK. Mycobacterium bovis BCG in metastatic melanoma therapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7903-7916. [PMID: 31402426 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, with a high mortality rate and with 96,480 new cases expected in 2019 in the USS. BRAFV600E, the most common driver mutation, is found in around 50% of melanomas, contributing to tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastatic progression. Dacarbazine (DTIC), an alkylate agent, was the first chemotherapeutic agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) used as a standard treatment. Since then, immunotherapies have been approved for metastatic melanoma (MM) including ipilimumab and pembrolizumab checkpoint inhibitors that help decrease the risk of progression. Moreover, Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) serves as an adjuvant therapy that induces the recruitment of natural killer NK, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells and contributes to antitumor immunity. BCG can be administered in combination with chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents and can be genetically manipulated to produce recombinant BCG (rBCG) strains that express heterologous proteins or overexpress immunogenic proteins, increasing the immune response and improving patient survival. In this review, we highlight several studies utilizing rBCG immunotherapy for MM in combination with other therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lucia Ruiz Benitez
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila Bonnemann Bender
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thaís Larré Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Tiago Collares
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kömmling Seixas
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Heenatigala Palliyage G, Singh S, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK, Chauhan H. Pharmaceutical Topical Delivery of Poorly Soluble Polyphenols: Potential Role in Prevention and Treatment of Melanoma. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:250. [PMID: 31297635 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is regarded as the fifth and sixth most common cancer in men and women, respectively, and it is estimated that one person dies from melanoma every hour in the USA. Unfortunately, the treatment of melanoma is difficult because of its aggressive metastasis and resistance to treatment. The treatment of melanoma continues to be a challenging issue due to the limitations of available treatments such as a low response rate, severe adverse reactions, and significant toxicity. Natural polyphenols have attracted considerable attention from the scientific community due to their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic efficacy. It has been suggested that poorly soluble polyphenols such as curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, coumarin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate may have significant benefits in the treatment of melanoma due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and chemoprotective efficacies. The major obstacles for the use of polyphenolic compounds are low stability and poor bioavailability. Numerous nanoformulations, including solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, and liposomes, have been formulated to enhance the bioavailability and stability, as well as the therapeutic efficacy of polyphenols. This review will provide an overview of poorly soluble polyphenols that have been reported to have antimetastatic efficacy in melanomas.
Collapse
|
28
|
Frankincense essential oil suppresses melanoma cancer through down regulation of Bcl-2/Bax cascade signaling and ameliorates heptotoxicity via phase I and II drug metabolizing enzymes. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3472-3490. [PMID: 31191820 PMCID: PMC6544398 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a deadly form of malignancy and according to the World Health Organization 132,000 new cases of melanoma are diagnosed worldwide each year. Surgical resection and chemo/drug treatments opted for early and late stage of melanoma respectively, however detrimental post surgical and chemotherapy consequences are inevitable. Noticeably melanoma drug treatments are associated with liver injuries such as hepatitis and cholestasis which are very common. Alleviation of these clinical manifestations with better treatment options would enhance prognosis status and patients survival. Natural products which induce cytotoxicity with minimum side effects are of interest to achieve high therapeutic efficiency. In this study we investigated anti-melanoma and hepatoprotective activities of frankincense essential oil (FEO) in both in vitro and in vivo models. Pretreatment with FEO induce a significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent reduction in the cell viability of mouse (B16-F10) and human melanoma (FM94) but not in the normal human epithelial melanocytes (HNEM). Immunoblot analysis showed that FEO induces down regulation of Bcl-2 and up regulation of BAX in B16-F10 cells whereas in FM94 cells FEO induced dose-dependent cleavage of caspase 3, caspase 9 and PARP. Furthermore, FEO (10 μg/ml) treatment down regulated MCL1 in a time-dependent manner in FM94 cells. In vivo toxicity analysis reveals that weekly single dose of FEO (1200 mg/kg body weight) did not elicit detrimental effect on body weight during four weeks of experimental period. Histology of tissue sections also indicated that there were no observable histopathologic differences in the brain, heart, liver, and kidney compare to control groups. FEO (300 and 600 mg/kg body weight) treatments significantly reduced the tumor burden in C57BL/6 mice melanoma model. Acetaminophen (750 mg/kg body weight) was used to induce hepatic injury in Swiss albino mice. Pre treatment with FEO (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) for seven days retained hematology (complete blood count), biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALK, total bilirubin, total protein, glucose, albumin/globulin ratio, cholesterol and triglyceride), and the level of phase I and II drug metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450, cytochromeb5, glutathione-S-transferase) which were obstructed by the administration of acetaminophen. Further liver histology showed that FEO treatments reversed the damages (central vein dilation, hemorrhage, and nuclei condensation) caused by acetaminophen. In conclusion, FEO elicited marked anti-melanoma in both in vitro and in vivo with a significant heptoprotection.
Collapse
|
29
|
Knockdown of FBXO22 inhibits melanoma cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis via the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:20-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
30
|
Faião-Flores F, Smalley KSM. Get with the Program! Stemness and Reprogramming in Melanoma Metastasis. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 138:10-13. [PMID: 29273143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are highly plastic and adopt multiple phenotypic states that contribute to tumor progression. Heppt et al. demonstrate that the homeodomain transcription factor Msh homeobox 1 reprograms melanoma cells to a precursor state associated with melanoma progression and increased liver metastasis. Identification of this new role for Msh homeobox 1 may facilitate the development of new therapies that limit melanoma dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Faião-Flores
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Keiran S M Smalley
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA; The Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li N, Liu Y, Pang H, Lee D, Zhou Y, Xiao Z. Methylation-Mediated Silencing of MicroRNA-211 Decreases the Sensitivity of Melanoma Cells to Cisplatin. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1590-1599. [PMID: 30821276 PMCID: PMC6407329 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is recalcitrant to most existing chemotherapies, and aberrant expression of miR-211 plays prominent roles in progression of melanoma. However, the trigger mechanism of aberrant miR-211 expression in melanoma is still elusive. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used qRT-PCR to test miR-211 expression. Cell viability assay and mouse xenograft assay were performed to examine the role of miR-211 on the sensitivity of melanoma cells to cisplatin. The epigenetic modification of miR-211 promoter was assess by DNA methylation analysis and DAC treatment. RESULTS In this study, decreased miR-211 expression was detected. Bisulfite sequencing PCR showed that DNA hypermethylation contributed to the downregulation of miR-211 in melanoma tissues. In melanoma cells, overexpressed 211 could enhance the anticancer effect of cisplatin and restoration of miR-211 rendered susceptibility to cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant cells. And the same result was showed in vivo by mouse xenograft assay. What is more, DAC treatment could increase miR-211 expression and EZH2 expression was increased in cisplatin-resistant cells. MiR-211 could be transcriptionally repressed by EZH2 mediated promoter methylation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings revealed that epigenetic modification of miR-211 governed melanoma cell chemosensitivity and were involved in the progression of tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Rossi S, Cordella M, Tabolacci C, Nassa G, D'Arcangelo D, Senatore C, Pagnotto P, Magliozzi R, Salvati A, Weisz A, Facchiano A, Facchiano F. TNF-alpha and metalloproteases as key players in melanoma cells aggressiveness. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:326. [PMID: 30591049 PMCID: PMC6309098 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0982-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Melanoma aggressiveness determines its growth and metastatic potential. This study aimed at identifying new molecular pathways controlling melanoma cell malignancy. Methods Ten metastatic melanoma cell lines were characterized by their proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities. The most representative cells were also characterized by spheroid formation assay, gene- and protein- expression profiling as well as cytokines secretion and the most relevant pathways identified through bioinformatic analysis were tested by in silico transcriptomic validation on datasets generated from biopsies specimens of melanoma patients. Further, matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) activity was tested by zymography assays and TNF-alpha role was validated by anti-TNF cell-treatment. Results An aggressiveness score (here named Melanoma AGgressiveness Score: MAGS) was calculated by measuring proliferation, migration, invasion and cell-doubling time in10human melanoma cell lines which were clustered in two distinct groups, according to the corresponding MAGS. SK-MEL-28 and A375 cell lines were selected as representative models for the less and the most aggressive phenotype, respectively. Gene-expression and protein expression data were collected for SK-MEL-28 and A375 cells by Illumina-, multiplex x-MAP-and mass-spectrometry technology. The collected data were subjected to an integrated Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, which highlighted that cytokine/chemokine secretion, as well as Cell-To-Cell Signaling and Interaction functions as well as matrix metalloproteases activity were significantly different in these two cell types. The key role of these pathways was then confirmed by functional validation. TNF role was confirmed by exposing cells to the anti-TNF Infliximab antibody. Upon such treatment melanoma cells aggressiveness was strongly reduced. Metalloproteases activity was assayed, and their role was confirmed by comparing transcriptomic data from cutaneous melanoma patients (n = 45) and benign nevi (n = 18). Conclusions Inflammatory signals such as TNF and MMP-2 activity are key intrinsic players to determine melanoma cells aggressiveness suggesting new venue sin the identification of novel molecular targets with potential therapeutic relevance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0982-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Cordella
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Daniela D'Arcangelo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Senatore
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pagnotto
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Magliozzi
- Neurology B, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,Genomix4Life srl, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Antonio Facchiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xu LD, Öhman M. ADAR1 Editing and its Role in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2018; 10:genes10010012. [PMID: 30585209 PMCID: PMC6356570 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that somatic mutations and escape of immune disruption are two essential factors in cancer initiation and progression. With an increasing number of second-generation sequencing data, transcriptomic modifications, so called RNA mutations, are emerging as significant forces that drive the transition from normal cell to malignant tumor, as well as providing tumor diversity to escape an immune attack. Editing of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) in double-stranded RNA, catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), is one dynamic modification that in a combinatorial manner can give rise to a very diverse transcriptome. Since the cell interprets inosine as guanosine (G), A-to-I editing can result in non-synonymous codon changes in transcripts as well as yield alternative splicing, but also affect targeting and disrupt maturation of microRNAs. ADAR-mediated RNA editing is essential for survival in mammals, however, its dysregulation causes aberrant editing of its targets that may lead to cancer. ADAR1 is commonly overexpressed, for instance in breast, lung, liver and esophageal cancer as well as in chronic myelogenous leukemia, where it promotes cancer progression. It is well known that ADAR1 regulates type I interferon (IFN) and its induced gene signature, which are known to operate as a significant barrier to tumor formation and progression. Adding to the complexity, ADAR1 expression is also regulated by IFN. In this review, we discussed the regulatory mechanisms of ADAR1 during tumorigenesis through aberrant editing of specific substrates. Additionally, we hypothesized that elevated ADAR1 levels play a role in suppressing an innate immunity response in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Di Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marie Öhman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li C, Torres VC, Tichauer KM. Noninvasive detection of cancer spread to lymph nodes: A review of molecular imaging principles and protocols. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:301-314. [PMID: 30196532 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Identification of cancer spread to tumor-draining lymph nodes offers critical information for guiding treatment in many cancer types. Current clinical methods of nodal staging are invasive and can have substantial negative side effects. Molecular imaging protocols have long been proposed as a less invasive means of nodal staging, having the potential to enable highly sensitive and specific evaluations. This review article summarizes the current status and future perspectives for molecular targeted nodal staging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyue Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Veronica C Torres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kenneth M Tichauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx attenuate in vitro and in vivo melanoma cancer metastasis. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
36
|
Fornabaio G, Barnhill RL, Lugassy C, Bentolila LA, Cassoux N, Roman-Roman S, Alsafadi S, Del Bene F. Angiotropism and extravascular migratory metastasis in cutaneous and uveal melanoma progression in a zebrafish model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10448. [PMID: 29992995 PMCID: PMC6041265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer with a propensity for distant metastasis to various organs. In contrast, melanoma arising in pigmented uveal layers of the eye metastasizes mostly in the liver. The mechanisms of these metastases, which are ultimately resistant to therapy, are still unclear. Metastasis via intravascular dissemination of tumour cells is widely accepted as a central paradigm. However, we have previously described an alternative mode of tumour dissemination, extravascular migratory metastasis, based on clinical and experimental data. This mechanism is characterised by the interaction of cancer cells with the abluminal vascular surface, which defines angiotropism. Here, we employed our 3D co-culture approach to monitor cutaneous and uveal human melanoma cells dynamics in presence of vascular tubules. Using time-lapse microscopy, we evaluated angiotropism, the migration of tumour cells along vascular tubules and the morphological changes occurring during these processes. Cutaneous and uveal melanoma cells were injected in zebrafish embryos in order to develop xenografts. Employing in vivo imaging coupled with 3D reconstruction, we monitored the interactions between cancer cells and the external surface of zebrafish vessels. Overall, our results indicate that cutaneous and uveal melanoma cells spread similarly along the abluminal vascular surfaces, in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fornabaio
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U934, CNRS UMR315, F-75005, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Translational Research, F-75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 6, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Raymond L Barnhill
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Pathology, F-75005, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris René Descartes, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Claire Lugassy
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Translational Research, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurent A Bentolila
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nathalie Cassoux
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris René Descartes, F-75006, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Ophthalmology, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sergio Roman-Roman
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Translational Research, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Samar Alsafadi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Translational Research, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U934, CNRS UMR315, F-75005, Paris, France.
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Translational Research, F-75005, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nemlich Y, Baruch EN, Besser MJ, Shoshan E, Bar-Eli M, Anafi L, Barshack I, Schachter J, Ortenberg R, Markel G. ADAR1-mediated regulation of melanoma invasion. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2154. [PMID: 29855470 PMCID: PMC5981216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma cells use different migratory strategies to exit the primary tumor mass and invade surrounding and subsequently distant tissues. We reported previously that ADAR1 expression is downregulated in metastatic melanoma, thereby facilitating proliferation. Here we show that ADAR1 silencing enhances melanoma cell invasiveness and ITGB3 expression. The enhanced invasion is reversed when ITGB3 is blocked with antibodies. Re-expression of wild-type or catalytically inactive ADAR1 establishes this mechanism as independent of RNA editing. We demonstrate that ADAR1 controls ITGB3 expression both at the post-transcriptional and transcriptional levels, via miR-22 and PAX6 transcription factor, respectively. These are proven here as direct regulators of ITGB3 expression. miR-22 expression is controlled by ADAR1 via FOXD1 transcription factor. Clinical relevance is demonstrated in patient-paired progression tissue microarray using immunohistochemistry. The novel ADAR1-dependent and RNA-editing-independent regulation of invasion, mediated by ITGB3, strongly points to a central involvement of ADAR1 in cancer progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Nemlich
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Erez Nissim Baruch
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Michal Judith Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Einav Shoshan
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Menashe Bar-Eli
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liat Anafi
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel. .,Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
A large variety of molecular pathways in melanoma progression suggests that no individual molecular alteration is crucial in itself. Our aim was to define the molecular alterations underlying metastasis formation. Gene expression profiling was performed using microarray and qRT-PCR to define alterations between matched primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines. These data were integrated with publicly available unmatched tissue data. The invasiveness of cell lines was determined by Matrigel invasion assays and invasive clones from primary melanoma-derived cell lines were also selected. Two metastatic cell line models were created: the regional lymph node WM983A-WM983A-WM983B and the distant lung WM793B-WM793B-1205Lu metastatic models. The majority of metastasis genes were downregulated and enriched in adhesion and ITGA6-B4 pathways. Upregulation of immune pathways was characteristic of distant metastases, whereas increased Rap1 signaling was specific for regional (sub)cutaneous metastases. qRT-PCR analysis of selected integrins (A2, A3, A4, A9, B5, B8, A6, B1, and B3) highlighted the possible importance of ITGA3/4 and B8 in the metastatic process, distinguishing regional and distant metastases. We identified functionally relevant gene clusters that influenced metastasis formation. Our data provide further evidence that integrin expression patterns may be important in distant metastasis formation.
Collapse
|
39
|
Metri R, Mohan A, Nsengimana J, Pozniak J, Molina-Paris C, Newton-Bishop J, Bishop D, Chandra N. Identification of a gene signature for discriminating metastatic from primary melanoma using a molecular interaction network approach. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17314. [PMID: 29229936 PMCID: PMC5725601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological factors that are characteristic of metastasis in melanoma remains a key approach to improving treatment. In this study, we seek to identify a gene signature of metastatic melanoma. We configured a new network-based computational pipeline, combined with a machine learning method, to mine publicly available transcriptomic data from melanoma patient samples. Our method is unbiased and scans a genome-wide protein-protein interaction network using a novel formulation for network scoring. Using this, we identify the most influential, differentially expressed nodes in metastatic as compared to primary melanoma. We evaluated the shortlisted genes by a machine learning method to rank them by their discriminatory capacities. From this, we identified a panel of 6 genes, ALDH1A1, HSP90AB1, KIT, KRT16, SPRR3 and TMEM45B whose expression values discriminated metastatic from primary melanoma (87% classification accuracy). In an independent transcriptomic data set derived from 703 primary melanomas, we showed that all six genes were significant in predicting melanoma specific survival (MSS) in a univariate analysis, which was also consistent with AJCC staging. Further, 3 of these genes, HSP90AB1, SPRR3 and KRT16 remained significant predictors of MSS in a joint analysis (HR = 2.3, P = 0.03) although, HSP90AB1 (HR = 1.9, P = 2 × 10-4) alone remained predictive after adjusting for clinical predictors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Metri
- IISc Mathematics Initiative (IMI), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhilash Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jérémie Nsengimana
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Joanna Pozniak
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Carmen Molina-Paris
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Julia Newton-Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nagasuma Chandra
- IISc Mathematics Initiative (IMI), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Caporali S, Alvino E, Lacal PM, Ruffini F, Levati L, Bonmassar L, Scoppola A, Marchetti P, Mastroeni S, Antonini Cappellini GC, D'Atri S. Targeting the PTTG1 oncogene impairs proliferation and invasiveness of melanoma cells sensitive or with acquired resistance to the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113472-113493. [PMID: 29371923 PMCID: PMC5768340 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is implicated in tumor growth, metastasis and drug resistance. Here, we investigated the involvement of PTTG1 in melanoma cell proliferation, invasiveness and response to the BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) dabrafenib. We also preliminary assessed the potential value of circulating PTTG1 protein to monitor melanoma patient response to BRAFi or to dabrafenib plus trametinib. Dabrafenib-resistant cell lines (A375R and SK-Mel28R) were more invasive than their drug-sensitive counterparts (A375 and SK-Mel28), but expressed comparable PTTG1 levels. Dabrafenib abrogated PTTG1 expression and impaired invasion of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in A375 and SK-Mel28 cells. In contrast, it affected neither PTTG1 expression in A375R and SK-Mel28R cells, nor ECM invasion in the latter cells, while further stimulated A375R cell invasiveness. Assessment of proliferation and ECM invasion in control and PTTG1-silenced A375 and SK-Mel28 cells, exposed or not to dabrafenib, demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of this drug were, at least in part, dependent on its ability to down-regulate PTTG1 expression. PTTG1-silencing also impaired proliferation and invasiveness of A375R and SK-Mel28R cells, and counteracted dabrafenib-induced stimulation of ECM invasion in A375R cells. Further experiments performed in A375R cells indicated that PTTG1-silencing impaired cell invasiveness through inhibition of MMP-9 and that PTTG1 expression and ECM invasion could be also reduced by the CDK4/6 inhibitor LEE011. PTTG1 targeting might, therefore, represent a useful strategy to impair proliferation and metastasis of melanomas resistant to BRAFi. Circulating PTTG1 also appeared to deserve further investigation as biomarker to monitor patient response to targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caporali
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Alvino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Council of Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ruffini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lauretta Levati
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bonmassar
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scoppola
- Department of Oncology and Dermatological Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Oncology and Dermatological Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,UOC Oncologia, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Mastroeni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefania D'Atri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zalfa F, Panasiti V, Carotti S, Zingariello M, Perrone G, Sancillo L, Pacini L, Luciani F, Roberti V, D'Amico S, Coppola R, Abate SO, Rana RA, De Luca A, Fiers M, Melocchi V, Bianchi F, Farace MG, Achsel T, Marine JC, Morini S, Bagni C. The fragile X mental retardation protein regulates tumor invasiveness-related pathways in melanoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3169. [PMID: 29144507 PMCID: PMC5775405 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is lacking or mutated in patients with the fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most frequent form of inherited intellectual disability. FMRP affects metastasis formation in a mouse model for breast cancer. Here we show that FMRP is overexpressed in human melanoma with high Breslow thickness and high Clark level. Furthermore, meta-analysis of the TCGA melanoma data revealed that high levels of FMRP expression correlate significantly with metastatic tumor tissues, risk of relapsing and disease-free survival. Reduction of FMRP in metastatic melanoma cell lines impinges on cell migration, invasion and adhesion. Next-generation sequencing in human melanoma cells revealed that FMRP regulates a large number of mRNAs involved in relevant processes of melanoma progression. Our findings suggest an association between FMRP levels and the invasive phenotype in melanoma and might open new avenues towards the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zalfa
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Panasiti
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carotti
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Zingariello
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perrone
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Sancillo
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University of Chieti 'G d'Annunzio', via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Laura Pacini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavie Luciani
- VIB/Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Vincenzo Roberti
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', viale dell'Università 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Amico
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Coppola
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Osella Abate
- Department of Medical Science and Human Oncology, Section of Dermato-Oncology, University of Turin, via Verdi 8, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Alba Rana
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University of Chieti 'G d'Annunzio', via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Anastasia De Luca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mark Fiers
- VIB/Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Valentina Melocchi
- ISBREMIT, Institute for Stem-cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, viale Padre Pio 7, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- ISBREMIT, Institute for Stem-cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, viale Padre Pio 7, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Farace
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Tilmann Achsel
- VIB/Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- VIB/Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Sergio Morini
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Bagni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.,VIB/Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, KU Leuven, O&N 4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Autilio C, Paolillo C, Lavieri MM, Pocino K, De Paolis E, Di Stasio E, Marchetti P, Gian Carlo CA, Capoluongo E. PAX3d mRNA over 2.76 copies/µL in the bloodstream predicts cutaneous malignant melanoma relapse. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85479-85491. [PMID: 29156734 PMCID: PMC5689624 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate if our molecular algorithm, based on tumor circulating transcripts, may predict relapse risk in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). RESULTS The multi-marker panel was able to differentiate patients with CMM from HC with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, especially for MITF-m and TGFB2 (91-100%) whose levels decreased during follow-up of recurrence-free patients, and remained stable in the case of relapse. PAX3d higher than 2.76 copies/µL emerged as a promising biomarker [specificity = 75-93% and negative predictive value = 75-98%] to stratify subjects at high risk of CMM recurrence independently of age, gender and AJCC staging [OD = 9.5(3.2-28.0), p < 0.001]. The survival analysis confirmed PAX3d performance in relapse prediction with significant differences in recurrence risk 12 months after the basal time-point (p = 0.008). MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 111 CMM patients and from 87 healthy controls (HC) randomly selected. Each specimen was examined by qRT-PCR analysis for the expression of 3 tumor-related transcripts (PAX3d, MITF-m and TGFB2) at diagnosis, and at the following 6 and 12 months during clinical monitoring. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the usefulness of our molecular algorithm to indirectly detect circulating melanoma cells in blood, along with PAX3d capability to assess patients' progression and relapse prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Autilio
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli”, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Paolillo
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli”, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Krizia Pocino
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli”, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa De Paolis
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli”, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Stasio
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Ettore Capoluongo
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli”, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Diagnostics (DIMA), Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- “Molipharma Srl” a Spinoff of Catholic University, Campobasso, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Deoxyarbutin displays antitumour activity against melanoma in vitro and in vivo through a p38-mediated mitochondria associated apoptotic pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7197. [PMID: 28775302 PMCID: PMC5543205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxyarbutin (DeoxyArbutin, dA), a natural compound widely used in skin lighting, displayed selectively cytotoxicity in vitro. In the study, we found that dA significantly inhibited viability/proliferation of B16F10 melanoma cells, induced tumour cell arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, dA triggered its pro-apoptosis through damaging the mitochondrial function (membrane potential loss, ATP depletion and ROS overload generation etc.) and activating caspase-9, PARP, caspase-3 and the phosphorylation of p38. Treatment with p38 agonist confirmed the involvement of p38 pathway triggered by dA in B16F10 cells. The in vivo finding also revealed that administration of dA significantly decreased the tumour volume and tumour metastasis in B16F10 xenograft model by inhibiting tumour proliferation and inducing tumour apoptosis. Importantly, the results indicated that dA was specific against tumour cell lines and had no observed systemic toxicity in vivo. Taken together, our study demonstrated that dA could combate tumour in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of tumour via a p38-mediated mitochondria associated apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
|
44
|
Li T, Fu X, Tse AKW, Guo H, Lee KW, Liu B, Su T, Wang X, Yu Z. Inhibiting STAT3 signaling is involved in the anti-melanoma effects of a herbal formula comprising Sophorae Flos and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3097. [PMID: 28596565 PMCID: PMC5465088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A herbal formula (SL) comprising Sophorae Flos and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos was traditionally used to treat melanoma. Constitutively active signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been proposed as a therapeutic target in melanoma. Here we investigated whether an ethanolic extract of SL (SLE) exerted anti-melanoma activities by inhibiting STAT3 signaling. B16F10 allograft model, A375 and B16F10 cells were employed to assess the in vivo and in vitro anti-melanoma activities of SLE. A375 cells stably expressing STAT3C, a constitutively active STAT3 mutant, were used to determine the role of STAT3 signaling in SLE’s anti-melanoma effects. Intragastric administration of SLE (1.2 g/kg) potently inhibited melanoma growth in mice and inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation in the tumors. In cultured cells, SLE dramatically reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis, suppressed migration and invasion, and restrained STAT3 activation and nuclear localization. STAT3C overexpression in A375 cells diminished SLE’s effects on cell viability, apoptosis and invasion. Collectively, SLE exerted potent anti-melanoma effects partially by inhibiting STAT3 signaling. This study provides pharmacological justification for the traditional use of this formula in treating melanoma, and suggests that SLE has the potential to be developed as a modern alternative and/or complimentary agent for melanoma treatment and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anfernee Kai-Wing Tse
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Wah Lee
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Su
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiling Yu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. .,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Guo W, Wang H, Yang Y, Guo S, Zhang W, Liu Y, Yi X, Ma J, Zhao T, Liu L, Jian Z, Liu L, Wang G, Gao T, Shi Q, Li C. Down-regulated miR-23a Contributes to the Metastasis of Cutaneous Melanoma by Promoting Autophagy. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2231-2249. [PMID: 28740547 PMCID: PMC5505056 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is among the most aggressive tumors, and the occurrence of metastasis leads to a precipitous drop in the patients' survival. Therefore, identification of metastasis-associated biomarkers and therapeutic targets will contribute a lot to improving melanoma theranostics. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in modulating cancer invasion and metastasis, and are proved as potential non-invasive biomarkers in sera for various tumors. Here, we reported miR-23a as a novel metastasis-associated miRNA that played a remarkable role in modulating melanoma invasive and metastatic capacity and was of great value in predicting melanoma metastasis and prognosis. We found that serum miR-23a level was significantly down-regulated in metastatic melanoma patients and highly correlated with poor clinical outcomes. In addition, miR-23a level was also remarkably decreased in metastatic melanoma tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, overexpressed miR-23a suppressed the invasive and migratory property of melanoma cells by abrogating autophagy through directly targeting ATG12. Specially, miR-23a-ATG12 axis attenuated melanoma invasion and migration through autophagy-mediated AMPK-RhoA pathway. Finally, the overexpression of miR-23a prevented melanoma metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the metastasis-associated miR-23a is not only a potential biomarker, but also a valuable therapeutic target for melanoma.
Collapse
|
46
|
Sadhu SS, Wang S, Dachineni R, Averineni RK, Seefeldt T, Xie J, Tummala H, Bhat GJ, Guan X. In Vitro and In Vivo Antimetastatic Effect of Glutathione Disulfide Liposomes. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2017; 10:1179064417695255. [PMID: 28469471 PMCID: PMC5345945 DOI: 10.1177/1179064417695255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer mortality. Despite extensive research efforts, effective treatment for cancer metastasis is still lacking. Cancer metastasis involves 4 essential steps: cell detachment, migration, invasion, and adhesion. Detachment is the first and required step for metastasis. Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) is derived from the oxidation of glutathione (GSH), which is present in biological systems in millimolar concentration. Although GSSG is commercially available, the impact of GSSG on cell functions/dysfunctions has not been fully explored due to the fact that GSSG is not cell membrane permeable and a lack of method to specifically increase GSSG in cells. We have developed GSSG liposomes that effectively deliver GSSG to cells. Unexpectedly, cells treated with GSSG liposomes were resistant to detachment by trypsinization. This observation led to the investigation of the antimetastatic effect of GSSG liposomes. Our data demonstrate that GSSG liposomes at 1 mg/mL completely blocked cell detachment and migration, and significantly inhibited cancer cell invasion. Aqueous GSSG showed no such effect, confirming that the effects on cell detachment, migration, and invasion were caused by the intracellular delivery of GSSG. An in vivo experiment with a murine melanoma experimental metastasis model showed that GSSG liposomes prevented melanoma lung metastasis. The unique antimetastatic mechanism through the effects on detachment and migration, and effective in vitro and in vivo metastasis inhibition, warrants further investigation of the GSSG liposomes as a potential treatment for cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satya S Sadhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Shenggang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Rakesh Dachineni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | | | - Teresa Seefeldt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hemachand Tummala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - G Jayarama Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Xiangming Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Genomic profiling of invasive melanoma cell lines by array comparative genomic hybridization. Melanoma Res 2017; 26:100-7. [PMID: 26656572 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers. Invasion of cells is the first step in metastasis, resulting in cell migration through tissue compartments. We aimed to evaluate genomic alterations specifically associated with the invasive characteristics of melanoma cells. Matrigel invasion assays were used to determine the invasive properties of cell lines that originated from primary melanomas. Array comparative genomic hybridization analyses were carried out to define the chromosome copy number alterations (CNAs). Several recurrent CNAs were identified by array comparative genomic hybridization that affected melanoma-related genes. Invasive primary cell lines showed high frequencies of CNAs, including the loss of 7q and gain of 12q chromosomal regions targeting PTPN12, ADAM22, FZD1, TFPI2, GNG11, COL1A2, SMURF1, VGF, RELN and GLIPR1 genes. Gain of the GDNF (5p13.1), GPAA1, PLEC and SHARPIN (8q24.3) genes was significantly more frequent in invasive cell lines compared with the noninvasive ones. Importantly, copy number gains of these genes were also found in cell lines that originated from metastases, suggesting their role in melanoma metastasis formation. The present study describes genomic differences between invasive and noninvasive melanoma cell lines that may contribute toward the aggressive phenotype of human melanoma cells.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Malignant melanoma of the skin is the most aggressive human cancer given that a primary tumor a few millimeters in diameter frequently has full metastatic competence. In view of that, revealing the genetic background of this potential may also help to better understand tumor dissemination in general. Genomic analyses have established the molecular classification of melanoma based on the most frequent driver oncogenic mutations (BRAF, NRAS, KIT) and have also revealed a long list of rare events, including mutations and amplifications as well as genetic microheterogeneity. At the moment, it is unclear whether any of these rare events have role in the metastasis initiation process since the major drivers do not have such a role. During lymphatic and hematogenous dissemination, the clonal selection process is evidently reflected by differences in oncogenic drivers in the metastases versus the primary tumor. Clonal selection is also evident during lymphatic progression, though the genetic background of this immunoselection is less clear. Genomic analyses of metastases identified further genetic alterations, some of which may correspond to metastasis maintenance genes. The natural genetic progression of melanoma can be modified by targeted (BRAF or MEK inhibitor) or immunotherapies. Some of the rare events in primary tumors may result in primary resistance, while further new genetic lesions develop during the acquired resistance to both targeted and immunotherapies. Only a few genetic lesions of the primary tumor are constant during natural or therapy-modulated progression. EGFR4 and NMDAR2 mutations, MITF and MET amplifications and PTEN loss can be considered as metastasis drivers. Furthermore, BRAF and MITF amplifications as well as PTEN loss are also responsible for resistance to targeted therapies, whereas NRAS mutation is the only founder genetic lesion showing any association with sensitivity to immunotherapies. Unfortunately, there are hardly any data on the possible organ-specific metastatic drivers in melanoma. These observations suggest that clinical management of melanoma patients must rely on the genetic analysis of the metastatic lesions to be able to monitor progression-associated changes and to personalize therapies.
Collapse
|
49
|
Lin WM, Fisher DE. Signaling and Immune Regulation in Melanoma Development and Responses to Therapy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 12:75-102. [PMID: 27959628 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-052016-100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a complex and genomically diverse malignancy, and new genes and signaling pathways involved in pathogenesis continue to be discovered. Mechanistic insights into gene and immune regulation in melanoma have led to the development of numerous successful and innovative pharmacologic agents over recent years. Multiple targeted therapies and immunotherapies have already entered the clinic, becoming new standards of care and transforming the prognosis for many patients with malignant melanoma. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of signaling and immune regulation in melanoma and implications for responses to treatment, organized in the framework of hallmark characteristics in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William M Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.,Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vemurafenib resistance increases melanoma invasiveness and modulates the tumor microenvironment by MMP-2 upregulation. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:523-533. [PMID: 27436149 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The BRAF(V600E) mutation confers constitutive kinase activity and accounts for >90% of BRAF mutations in melanoma. This genetic alteration is a current therapeutic target; however, the antitumorigenic effects of the BRAF(V600E) inhibitor vemurafenib are short-lived and the majority of patients present tumor relapse in a short period after treatment. Characterization of vemurafenib resistance has been essential to the efficacy of next generation therapeutic strategies. Herein, we found that acute BRAF inhibition induced a decrease in active MMP-2, MT1-MMP and MMP-9, but did not modulate the metalloproteinase inhibitors TIMP-2 or RECK in naïve melanoma cells. In vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells, we observed a lower growth rate and an increase in EGFR phosphorylation followed by the recovery of active MMP-2 expression, a mediator of cancer metastasis. Furthermore, we found a different profile of MMP inhibitor expression, characterized by TIMP-2 downregulation and RECK upregulation. In a 3D spheroid model, the invasion index of vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells was more evident than in its non-resistant counterpart. We confirmed this pattern in a matrigel invasion assay and demonstrated that use of a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor reduced the invasion of vemurafenib resistant melanoma cells but not drug naïve cells. Moreover, we did not observe a delimited group of cells invading the dermis in vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells present in a reconstructed skin model. The same MMP-2 and RECK upregulation profile was found in this 3D skin model containing vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells. Acute vemurafenib treatment induces the disorganization of collagen fibers and consequently, extracellular matrix remodeling, with this pattern observed even after the acquisition of resistance. Altogether, our data suggest that resistance to vemurafenib induces significant changes in the tumor microenvironment mainly by MMP-2 upregulation, with a corresponding increase in cell invasiveness.
Collapse
|