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Chen PH, Mai-Yi Fan S, She BR, Wu YP, Hsu HC, Yang YJ, Huang JJ, Yeh SF, Chen YC, Lin PJ, Chen WH, Chiu HC, Yu HS, Liao CC, Lin SJ. Melanocyte transplantation to skin prepared by controlled PUVA-induced sunburn-like blistering for vitiligo treatment - A pilot clinical trial. J Formos Med Assoc 2024; 123:837-842. [PMID: 38158260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common acquired disease of pigment loss. In lesions recalcitrant to non-invasive treatment, transplantation of cultured autologous melanocytes is an emerging choice. Conventionally, the recipient site is often prepared by laser-mediated or mechanical dermabrasion. Such preparation procedures have disadvantages including prolonged transplantation duration, long period for reepithelialization and potential scarring. We propose a method of preparing recipient sites by psoralen and controlled ultraviolet A (PUVA)-induced blistering followed by transplanting suspended melanocytes. We introduced this method in 10 patients with segmental vitiligo on their recipient site 3 to 5 days before transplantation and blistering developed in 2 to 3 days afterwards. On the day of transplantation, the blister roof could be peeled off easily without bleeding and the recipient site preparation could be completed in 20 min. The recipient site became reepithelialized within 1 week. Progressive repigmentation was observed for up to 6 months, with an average of 65.06% repigmentation in the recipient site without scarring at the end of follow-up. Hence, preparation of the recipient site by controlled PUVA-induced sunburn-like blistering can potentially facilitate melanocyte transplantation and prevent scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hua Chen
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sabrina Mai-Yi Fan
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Biomedical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Ru She
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Wu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chun Hsu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Yang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jae Huang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Yeh
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wann-Hsin Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ching Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Liao
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Frontier Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zhu Q, He Y, Chen S, Zhang G. Disseminated Hypertrophic Discoid Lupus Erythematosus in a Patient with Vitiligo: A Case Report and Literature Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1519-1526. [PMID: 38948921 PMCID: PMC11214576 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s475002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Vitiligo has been reported to occur in association with lupus erythematosus (LE) and other autoimmune diseases. However, it remains unclear whether this association occurs because of shared immunopathogenesis. We hereby describe a case of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) in a 51-year-old man with a 3 years history of skin lesions on his face, arms, and the V zone of the neck, and with the coexistence of vitiligo for 12 years, who developed from DLE to hypertrophic discoid lupus erythematosus (HDLE) after 10 months. We reviewed the previously reported cases to summarize the clinical characteristics of these patients and hope it may provide a reference for dermatologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Innovation Center of Dermatology and Medical Cosmetology Technology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijia He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Innovation Center of Dermatology and Medical Cosmetology Technology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Innovation Center of Dermatology and Medical Cosmetology Technology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Innovation Center of Dermatology and Medical Cosmetology Technology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
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Dinu M, Tatu AL, Cocoș DI, Nwabudike LC, Chirilov AM, Stefan CS, Earar K, Dumitriu Buzia O. Natural Sources of Therapeutic Agents Used in Skin Conditions. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:492. [PMID: 38672762 PMCID: PMC11051086 DOI: 10.3390/life14040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin conditions are numerous and often have a major impact on patients' quality of life, and effective and safe treatment is very important. The conventional drugs used for skin diseases are usually corticosteroids and antimicrobial products that can induce various side effects, especially with long-term use, which is why researchers are studying alternatives, especially biologically active natural products. Three products caught our attention: bee venom (BV), due to reported experimental results showing anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antimycotic, and anticancer effects, Ficus carica (FC) due to its demonstrated antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory action, and finally Geranium essential oil (GEO), with proven antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Following a review of the literature, we produced this paper, which presents a review of the potential therapeutic applications of the three products in combating various skin conditions and for skin care, because BV, FC, and GEO have common pharmacological actions (anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant). We also focused on studying the safety of the topical use of BV, FC, and GEO, and new approaches to this. This paper presents the use of these natural therapeutic agents to treat patients with conditions such as vitiligo, melasma, and melanoma, as well as their use in treating dermatological conditions in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dinu
- Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.D.); (C.S.S.); (K.E.); (O.D.B.)
| | - Alin Laurențiu Tatu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania;
- Dermatology Department, “Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Integrative Center for Dermatologic Interface Research MIC-DIR, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Dorin Ioan Cocoș
- Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.D.); (C.S.S.); (K.E.); (O.D.B.)
| | | | - Ana Maria Chirilov
- Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.D.); (C.S.S.); (K.E.); (O.D.B.)
| | - Claudia Simona Stefan
- Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.D.); (C.S.S.); (K.E.); (O.D.B.)
| | - Kamel Earar
- Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.D.); (C.S.S.); (K.E.); (O.D.B.)
| | - Olimpia Dumitriu Buzia
- Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.D.); (C.S.S.); (K.E.); (O.D.B.)
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Dutta T, Sengupta S, Adhya S, Saha A, Sengupta D, Mondal R, Naskar S, Bhattacharjee S, Sengupta M. Identification of TNF-α as Major Susceptible Risk Locus for Vitiligo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study in the Asian Population. Dermatology 2024; 240:376-386. [PMID: 38377977 DOI: 10.1159/000536480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitiligo is a common depigmentation disorder characterized by defined white patches on the skin and affecting around 0.5% to 2% of the general population. Genetic association studies have identified several pre-disposing genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for vitiligo pathogenesis; nonetheless, the reports are often conflicting and rarely conclusive. This comprehensive meta-analysis study was designed to evaluate the effect of the risk variants on vitiligo aetiology and covariate stratified vitiligo risk in the Asian population, considering all the studies published so far. METHODS We followed a systematic and comprehensive search to identify the relevant vitiligo-related candidate gene association studies in PubMed using specific keywords. After data extraction, we calculated, for the variants involved, the study-level unadjusted odds ratio, standard errors, and 95% confidence intervals by using logistic regression with additive, dominant effect, and recessive models using R software package (R, 3.4.2) "metafor." Subgroup analysis was performed using logistic regression (generalized linear model; "glm") of disease status on subgroup-specific genotype counts. For a better understanding of the likely biological function of vitiligo-associated variant obtained through the meta-analysis, in silico functional analyses, through standard publicly available web tools, were also conducted. RESULTS Thirty-one vitiligo-associated case-control studies on eleven SNPs were analysed in our study. In the fixed-effect meta-analysis, one variant upstream of TNF-α gene: rs1800629 was found to be associated with vitiligo risk in the additive (p = 4.26E-06), dominant (p = 1.65E-7), and recessive (p = 0.000453) models. After Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction, rs1800629/TNF-α was found to be significant at 5% FDR in the dominant (padj = 1.82E-6) and recessive models (padj = 0.0049). In silico characterization revealed the prioritized variant to be regulatory in nature and thus having potential to contribute towards vitiligo pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Our study constitutes the first comprehensive meta-analysis of candidate gene-based association studies reported in the whole of the Asian population, followed by an in silico analysis of the vitiligo-associated variant. According to the findings of our study, TNF-α single nucleotide variant rs1800629G>A has a risk association, potentially contributing to vitiligo pathogenesis in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tithi Dutta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Suchismita Adhya
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arpan Saha
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ritisri Mondal
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Swarnadru Naskar
- Department of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Mainak Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Farag AGA, Badr EAE, Ibrahim AF. Circadian clock gene expression and polymorphism in non-segmental vitiligo. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:142. [PMID: 38236441 PMCID: PMC10796645 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an acquired and progressive mucocutaneous disease with the damage of functioning epidermal melanocytes. Metabolic syndrome is associated with inflammatory skin diseases incorporating vitiligo. The circadian dysfunction triggers the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, so our study aimed to determine the relationship between aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like gene, a ligand-activated transcription factor and sensor of environmental chemicals, expression and polymorphism with non-segmental vitiligo, as well as its effect on lipid profile. METHODS This case-control study was handled on 50 non-segmental vitiligo patients (generalized (12) and localized type (focal; 24 and acrofacial; 14)) and 50 matched controls. Each subject was proposed for full history taking, clinical examinations, serum lipid profile, and measurement of BMAL1 gene expression in the blood, and BMAL1 rs2279287 polymorphism of DNA extract from whole blood by real time-PCR. RESULTS We identified that total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein were significantly higher, but high-density lipoprotein was significantly lower in non-segmental vitiligo patients than in the control group. A significant increase in circadian gene expression in non-segmental vitiligo patients was observed, with more detection of the BMAL1 T/C genotype (92%) than the T/T genotype. There was a significant positive relationship between the level of the circadian gene and the vitiligo patient's age, age of onset, and VIDA Score. The level of the circadian gene at Cutoff ≥ 1.16 can predict the prognosis of vitiligo with a sensitivity of 78%, specificity of 84%, and accuracy of 81%. CONCLUSION The circadian gene has an active role in the progress of non-segmental vitiligo and targeting this gene could have a significant impact on its management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman A E Badr
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin AlKom, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Fahmy Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Parasitology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin AlKom, Egypt.
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Tanemura A. Understanding of Pathomechanisms and Clinical Practice for Vitiligo. Ann Dermatol 2023; 35:333-341. [PMID: 37830414 PMCID: PMC10579571 DOI: 10.5021/ad.23.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a disease caused by the acquired depletion of melanocytes and/or melanocyte precursor cells in response to genetic and environmental factors, resulting in depigmentation of the entire body. It is roughly divided into segmental and non-segmental vitiligo, and it has been found that abnormalities of melanocytes themselves and dysregulation of autoimmune responses to melanocytes are greatly involved in the pathology of non-segmental vitiligo. Segmental vitiligo pathology is largely unknown; however, it has been suggested that it may be caused by skin or melanocyte mosaicism. Treatments for vitiligo include topical therapy, ultraviolet therapy, and surgical transplantation, and it is extremely important to correctly understand the pathology to perform optimal treatment. In recent years, the development of vitiligo treatments using Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors has progressed rapidly. We herein outline the latest pathology of vitiligo, from general vitiligo treatment to the progress of clinical trials using JAK inhibitors, along with what clinicians should consider in archiving precision medicine, including my own ideas thereon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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Tekielak A, Pietrauszka K, Miziołek B, Bergler-Czop B. Vitiligo and insulin resistance as a component of metabolic syndrome: an analysis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2023; 40:529-533. [PMID: 37692261 PMCID: PMC10485765 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2023.126871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been many studies on the association between vitiligo and metabolic syndrome, while only few scientific papers on vitiligo and insulin resistance. In recent years, there have been significant developments in research to trace and understand the aetiology of both conditions. In this article we have analysed pathophysiological mechanisms and the association of insulin resistance (as a component of metabolic syndrome) and vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tekielak
- Students’ Scientific Association at the Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Kornelia Pietrauszka
- Department of Dermatology, Andrzej Mielêcki Independent Public Clinical Hospital of the Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartosz Miziołek
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Bergler-Czop
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Touni AA, Shivde RS, Echuri H, Abdel-Aziz RTA, Abdel-Wahab H, Kundu RV, Le Poole IC. Melanocyte-keratinocyte cross-talk in vitiligo. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1176781. [PMID: 37275386 PMCID: PMC10235633 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1176781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common acquired pigmentary disorder that presents as progressive loss of melanocytes from the skin. Epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes are in close proximity to each other, forming a functional and structural unit where keratinocytes play a pivotal role in supporting melanocyte homeostasis and melanogenesis. This intimate relationship suggests that keratinocytes might contribute to ongoing melanocyte loss and subsequent depigmentation. In fact, keratinocyte dysfunction is a documented phenomenon in vitiligo. Keratinocyte apoptosis can deprive melanocytes from growth factors including stem cell factor (SCF) and other melanogenic stimulating factors which are essential for melanocyte function. Additionally, keratinocytes control the mobility/stability phases of melanocytes via matrix metalloproteinases and basement membrane remodeling. Hence keratinocyte dysfunction may be implicated in detachment of melanocytes from the basement membrane and subsequent loss from the epidermis, also potentially interfering with repigmentation in patients with stable disease. Furthermore, keratinocytes contribute to the autoimmune insult in vitiligo. Keratinocytes express MHC II in perilesional skin and may present melanosomal antigens in the context of MHC class II after the pigmented organelles have been transferred from melanocytes. Moreover, keratinocytes secrete cytokines and chemokines including CXCL-9, CXCL-10, and IL-15 that amplify the inflammatory circuit within vitiligo skin and recruit melanocyte-specific, skin-resident memory T cells. In summary, keratinocytes can influence vitiligo development by a combination of failing to produce survival factors, limiting melanocyte adhesion in lesional skin, presenting melanocyte antigens and enhancing the recruitment of pathogenic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ahmed Touni
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rohan S. Shivde
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Harika Echuri
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Hossam Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Roopal V. Kundu
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - I. Caroline Le Poole
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Evidence for Epistatic Interaction between HLA-G and LILRB1 in the Pathogenesis of Nonsegmental Vitiligo. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040630. [PMID: 36831297 PMCID: PMC9954564 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is the most frequent cause of depigmentation worldwide. Genetic association studies have discovered about 50 loci associated with disease, many with immunological functions. Among them is HLA-G, which modulates immunity by interacting with specific inhibitory receptors, mainly LILRB1 and LILRB2. Here we investigated the LILRB1 and LILRB2 association with vitiligo risk and evaluated the possible role of interactions between HLA-G and its receptors in this pathogenesis. We tested the association of the polymorphisms of HLA-G, LILRB1, and LILRB2 with vitiligo using logistic regression along with adjustment by ancestry. Further, methods based on the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) approach (MDR v.3.0.2, GMDR v.0.9, and MB-MDR) were used to detect potential epistatic interactions between polymorphisms from the three genes. An interaction involving rs9380142 and rs2114511 polymorphisms was identified by all methods used. The polymorphism rs9380142 is an HLA-G 3'UTR variant (+3187) with a well-established role in mRNA stability. The polymorphism rs2114511 is located in the exonic region of LILRB1. Although no association involving this SNP has been reported, ChIP-Seq experiments have identified this position as an EBF1 binding site. These results highlight the role of an epistatic interaction between HLA-G and LILRB1 in vitiligo pathogenesis.
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Bellei B, Migliano E, Picardo M. Therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derivatives in modern dermatology. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1837-1852. [PMID: 35102608 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-mediated therapies in combination with biomaterial and growth factor-based approaches in regenerative medicine are rapidly evolving with increasing application beyond the dermatologic field. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are the more frequently used adult stem cells due to their abundance and easy access. In the case of volumetric defects, adipose tissue can take the shape of defects, restoring the volume and enhancing the regeneration of receiving tissue. When regenerative purposes prevail on volume restoration, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) rich in staminal cells, purified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or their cell-free derivatives grafting are favoured. The therapeutic efficacy of acellular approaches is explained by the fact that a significant part of the natural propensity of stem cells to repair damaged tissue is ascribable to their secretory activity that combines mitogenic factors, cytokines, chemokines and extracellular matrix components. Therefore, the secretome's ability to modulate multiple targets simultaneously demonstrated preclinical and clinical efficacy in reversing pathological mechanisms of complex conditions such atopic dermatitis (AD), vitiligo, psoriasis, acne and Lichen sclerosus (LS), non-resolving wounds and alopecia. This review analysing both in vivo and in vitro models gives an overview of the clinical relevance of adipose tissue-derivatives such as autologous fat graft, stromal vascular fraction, purified stem cells and secretome for skin disorders application. Finally, we highlighted the major disease-specific limitations and the future perspective in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Migliano
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Lee JH, Ju HJ, Seo JM, Almurayshid A, Kim GM, Ezzedine K, Bae JM. Comorbidities in Patients with Vitiligo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 143:777-789.e6. [PMID: 36574529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo has been reported to be associated with a variety of diseases, but it has not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, we aimed to identify prevalent diseases in patients with vitiligo and quantify their associations compared with those in healthy controls. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE and EMBASE from the inception to June 2022 was conducted. Observational studies on prevalent diseases in patients with vitiligo compared with those in healthy controls were included, whereas studies limited to pediatrics or providing only laboratory results were excluded. A total of 78 studies were eligible for analyses. Patients with vitiligo showed higher risks of having comorbid autoimmune and connective tissue diseases, including alopecia areata (OR = 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.50‒2.78), discoid lupus erythematosus (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.74‒3.72), Sjogren's syndrome (OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.98‒3.16), myasthenia gravis (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.74‒3.02), systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.52‒2.52), and rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.55‒2.15). Thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, sensorineural hypoacusis, and ophthalmic abnormalities were also more prevalent in patients with vitiligo. In conclusion, vitiligo is associated with various systemic diseases. Physicians should evaluate and manage potential comorbid conditions in patients with vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hae Lee
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Ju
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Min Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Abdurrahman Almurayshid
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gyong Moon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Mondor Hospital, Paris Est Créteil University, Créteil, France
| | - Jung Min Bae
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea.
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Lyu C, Sun Y. Immunometabolism in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1055958. [PMID: 36439174 PMCID: PMC9684661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common depigmenting skin disorder characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes. Autoimmunity, genetic, environmental, and biochemical etiology have been proposed in vitiligo pathogenesis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of vitiligo development and progression are unclear, particularly for immunometabolism. Sporadic studies have suggested mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced oxidative stress, and specific defects in other metabolic pathways can promote dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in vitiligo. These abnormalities appear to be driven by genetic and epigenetic factors modulated by stochastic events. In addition, glucose and lipid abnormalities in metabolism have been associated with vitiligo. Specific skin cell populations are also involved in the critical role of dysregulation of metabolic pathways, including melanocytes, keratinocytes, and tissue-resident memory T cells in vitiligo pathogenesis. Novel therapeutic treatments are also raised based on the abnormalities of immunometabolism. This review summarizes the current knowledge on immunometabolism reprogramming in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and novel treatment options.
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Kussainova A, Kassym L, Bekenova N, Akhmetova A, Glushkova N, Kussainov A, Urazalina Z, Yurkovskaya O, Smail Y, Pak L, Semenova Y. Gene polymorphisms and serum levels of BDNF and CRH in vitiligo patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271719. [PMID: 35905107 PMCID: PMC9337645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitiligo is one of the most common hypomelanoses, in which the destruction of functioning melanocytes causes depigmentation of the skin, hair and mucous membranes. The genes encrypting brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) might be the conceivable contributors to the development of vitiligo. This study was aimed at investigation of the serum levels of BDNF and CRH as well as their selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in vitiligo patients in comparison with the healthy controls. Methods The cross-sectional study was carried out between October 2020 and June 2021 in 93 vitiligo patients (age range from 23 to 48 years) and 132 healthy controls (age range from 24 to 52 years). The psychological status of study participants was evaluated using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Serum levels of BDNF and CRH were measured with the help of a commercially available sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Genotyping for the rs11030094 polymorphism of the BDNF gene and for the rs242924 polymorphism of the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRH-R1) gene was performed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results There was a significant relationship between the CRH-R1 rs242924 and BDNF rs11030094 polymorphisms and vitiligo. Moreover, serum levels of neurotransmitters differed significantly between vitiligo and control groups and were associated with the CRH-R1 rs242924 and BDNF rs11030094 SNPs. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated the association between CRH-R1 rs242924 and BDNF rs11030094 polymorphisms and vitiligo. Further studies need to be carried out in vitiligo patients to confirm the results observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assiya Kussainova
- Department of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Laura Kassym
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan
- * E-mail:
| | - Nazira Bekenova
- Department of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Almira Akhmetova
- Department of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Natalya Glushkova
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Evidence Based Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Almas Kussainov
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, NJSC "Astana Medical University", Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanar Urazalina
- Department of Emergency Medicine, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Oxana Yurkovskaya
- Department of Personalized Medicine, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Yerbol Smail
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Laura Pak
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, NJSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Dai T, Wu Y, Song W, Li F, Wang L. Inverse association between autoimmunity and elevated IgE among childhood vitiligo. Int J Dermatol 2022; 61:1131-1136. [PMID: 35325476 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis of childhood vitiligo. The characteristics in a different population under modified environmental factors need further reevaluation. The present study aimed to reevaluate the clinical and laboratory features in consequent children vitiligo patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed consequent children vitiligo patients who visited Children's Hospital of Fudan University (National Children's Medical Center of China). The prevalence rate of thyroid dysfunction, circulating autoantibodies, serum IgE, and associated factors were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 244 consequent vitiligo patients were included, of which 20 children had personal autoimmune history. Two hundred and nineteen of the 244 patients took a thyroid function test, and the abnormal rate was only 3.7% (8/219). The elevated IgE rate was 31.7% (52/157), the antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive rate was 9.8% (12/123), and the extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) positive rate was 4.4% (4/91), respectively. The elevated IgE was significantly associated with atopic disease history and male gender. Of note, personal autoimmune history showed a significant inverse association with elevated IgE. CONCLUSIONS Thyroid dysfunction rate was low among the consequent children vitiligo patients. Personal autoimmune history was inversely associated with elevated IgE. Various clinical characteristics and pathogenesis might contribute to different long-term outcomes of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Fulun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuhui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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Occludin Promotes Adhesion of CD8+ T Cells and Melanocytes in Vitiligo via the HIF-1α Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6732972. [PMID: 35222802 PMCID: PMC8865978 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6732972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Loss of melanocytes induced by activated CD8+ T cells is the pathological hallmark of vitiligo. Melanocyte-specific CD8+ T cells are recruited to the skin via chemokines, thereby releasing perforin, granzyme, and other cytotoxic substances that destroy the melanocytes. However, the mechanism of CD8+ T cells to adhere to melanocytes is unknown. Previous transcriptome sequencing results published by our group showed that the occluding (OCLN) gene was significantly upregulated in CD8+ T cells from skin lesions of vitiligo. Occludin is a crucial component of the tight junction between cells; in cells without tight junction, occludin mediates the adhesion of two cells in the form of a self-ligand. This study demonstrated that OCLN gene expression was elevated in the CD8+ T cells of vitiligo patients, and occludin mediates the adherence of CD8+ T cells to melanocytes. Besides, pathological changes in vitiligo skin lesions reveal that CD8+ T cells continuously persist in the skin lesions, which is related to the persistence of the disease. In this regard, we found that fibroblasts from vitiligo patients significantly express occludin, which may participate in the continuous retention of CD8+ T cells in the skin lesions. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is closely related to oxidative stress, and our data suggest that overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) increases the expression of occludin. Besides, ChIP-qPCR of CD8+ T cells revealed that HIF-1α directly binds to the OCLN promoter. Thus, occludin upregulation promotes the adhesion of CD8+ T cells and melanocytes via the HIF-1α signaling pathway. Our study results suggested a critical role for OCLN in the occurrence, progression, and maintenance of vitiligo. Therefore, inhibiting the expression of OCLN gene may be a potential targeted treatment strategy.
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Jadeja SD, Vaishnav J, Bharti AH, Begum R. Elevated X-Box Binding Protein1 Splicing and Interleukin-17A Expression Are Associated With Active Generalized Vitiligo in Gujarat Population. Front Immunol 2022; 12:801724. [PMID: 35046957 PMCID: PMC8761938 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.801724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder defined by the destruction of functional epidermal melanocytes. It is a multifactorial and polygenic disorder caused due to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and autoimmunity, among other factors. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association of X-box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1) and Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) polymorphisms and monitor their systemic as well as skin expression levels in vitiligo patients from Gujarat population in India. XBP1 rs2269577 G/C, IL17A rs2275913 G/A and IL17A rs8193036 C/T polymorphisms were genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in 312 controls and 276 vitiligo patients. Transcript levels of spliced (sXBP1), unspliced XBP1 (uXBP1) and IL17A from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as spliced and unspliced XBP1 from skin samples were analyzed by qPCR. IL-17A protein levels in suction-induced blister fluid (SBF) from the skin of study subjects were estimated by ELISA. The results revealed that genotype (p=0.010) and allele (p=0.014) frequencies of XBP1 rs2269577 G/C polymorphism were significantly different, however, no significant difference was observed in frequencies of IL17A rs2275913 G/A and IL17A rs8193036 C/T polymorphisms in control and patient population. Gene expression analysis revealed that sXBP1 and IL17A levels were significantly higher in PBMCs of generalized (p=0.030 and p=0.039, respectively) and active (p=0.024 and p=0.017, respectively) vitiligo patients. Moreover, we observed a significantly elevated sXBP1 expression (p=0.037) as well as IL-17A protein levels (p=0.009) in perilesional skin of vitiligo patients as compared to controls. Overall, these findings suggest XBP1 and IL17A play an important role in vitiligo and further substantiate the involvement of ER stress in exacerbating immune-mediated vitiligo pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz D Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Jayvadan Vaishnav
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Ankit H Bharti
- Dermatology Department, Dr. Ankit's Dermatopathology Research Centre, Vyara, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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Chang L, Zhu W, Jiang J. Albinism in the largest extant amphibian: A metabolic, endocrine, or immune problem? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1053732. [PMID: 36518250 PMCID: PMC9742363 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1053732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigment regression is an intriguing phenomenon that can be caused by disorders in melanin metabolism or endocrine regulation, or by autoimmune disorders. Albino animals serve as excellent models for the study of the genetic determination of morphology, particularly the evolution of and molecular mechanisms underlying chromatophore-related diseases in animals and humans. MATERIAL AND METHODS The artificial culture of Andrias davidianus, the largest extant amphibian, is flourishing in China due to the great ecological and economic value of this animal. Approximately 0.1% of individuals express an albino phenotype accompanied by delayed somatic growth and mortality at early developmental stages. In this study, brain and skin transcriptomics were conducted to study the underlying molecular basis of the phenotype. RESULTS The results indicated decreased transcription of genes of melanin synthesis. Interestingly, MHC I isotypes and immune-related pathways accounted for the primary transcriptional differences between groups, suggesting that the albino phenotype represents a systematic immune problem to a far greater extent than a pigmentation defect. Albino individuals exhibited shifted transcription of MHC I isotypes, and the albino-specific isotype was characterized by increased charges and decreased space in the antigen- binding pocket, implying a drastic change in antigen specificity and a potential risk of autoimmune disorders. CONCLUSION These results suggest an association between the albino phenotype and MHC I variants in A. davidianus, which could serve as a convenient model for vitiligo or other autoimmune diseases.
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18
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Farag AGA, Badr EAE, El-Shafey AESS, Elshaib ME. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 circulating levels in non-segmental vitiligo. An Bras Dermatol 2021; 97:28-36. [PMID: 34839983 PMCID: PMC8799849 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitiligo is an acquired and progressive mucocutaneous disease resulting from the loss of active epidermal melanocytes. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects about 25% of the world’s population and is linked to inflammatory skin diseases including vitiligo. Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) is an intracellular lipid chaperone. FABP4 is closely associated with MetS. Objectives To evaluate the serum level of FABP4 in vitiligo patients and its relation to MetS in the investigated cases. Methods This case control study was conducted on 45 patients having non segmental vitiligo and 45 matched controls. Their lipid profile, blood glucose and serum FABP4 levels were measured. Results There were significant elevations in FABP4 (p < 0.001), cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.005), and glucose (fasting [p = 0.001] and 2 hours post prandial [p < 0.001]) levels in patients in comparison with controls. MetS was significantly more prevalent among vitiligo patients (p < 0.001) and associated with high FABP4 serum levels (p = 0.037). In vitiligo patients, there were significant positive correlations between FABP4 serum levels and triglycerides (p = 0.047), cholesterol (p = 0.001) and LDL (p = 0.001) levels and negative correlation regarding HDL level (p = 0.009). FABP4 level was a significantly good diagnostic test for early detection of vitiligo (p < 0.001). Study limitations The small number of studied subjects. Conclusions FABP4 may play an active role in the disease process of vitiligo that could be mediated through associated dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. FABP4 may be a marker of vitiligo helping in its early diagnosis, but it does not appear to be useful for determining vitiligo severity, activity or associated MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman A E Badr
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin AlKom, Egypt
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Cosmetic Applications of Bee Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110810. [PMID: 34822594 PMCID: PMC8625659 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee venom (BV) is a typical toxin secreted by stingers of honeybee workers. BV and BV therapy have long been attractive to different cultures, with extensive studies during recent decades. Nowadays, BV is applied to combat several skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, alopecia, vitiligo, and psoriasis. BV is used extensively in topical preparations as cosmetics and used as dressing for wound healing, as well as in facemasks. Nevertheless, the safety of BV as a therapeutic choice has always been a concern due to the immune system reaction in some people due to BV use. The documented unfavorable impact is explained by the fact that the skin reactions to BV might expand to excessive immunological responses, including anaphylaxis, that typically resolve over numerous days. This review aims to address bee venom therapeutic uses in skin cosmetics.
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20
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Contribution of HLA class II genes, DRB4*01:01, DRB1*07:01, and DQB1*03:03:2 to clinical features of Vitiligo disease in Iranian population. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:171-178. [PMID: 34686989 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a multifactorial depigmentation condition, which is due to skin melanocyte destruction. Increased expression of HLA class II genes in patients with pre-lesions of Vitiligo suggests a crucial role for the participation of immune response in Vitiligo development. Recent studies progressively focused on HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 genes. In this study, we have evaluated the association and role of HLA-DRB4*01:01, -DRB1*07:01, and -DQB1*03:03:2 genes in different clinical subtypes of Vitiligo in the Iranian population. METHODS First, Genomic DNA from peripheral blood of 125 unrelated Vitiligo patients and 100 unrelated healthy controls were extracted through the salting-out method. Then, HLA class II genotyping was performed using the sequence-specific primer PCR method. Finally, the clinical relevance of the testing for these genotypes was evaluated by applying the PcPPV (prevalence-corrected positive predictive value) formula. RESULTS Our results indicated the positive associations of DRB4*01:01 and DRB1*07:01 allelic genes with early-onset Vitiligo (p = 0.024 and 0.022, respectively). DRB4*01:01 also showed strong protection against late-onset Vitiligo (p = 0.0016, RR = 0.360). Moreover, our data revealed that the DRB1*07:01 increases the susceptibility to Sporadic Vitiligo (p = 0.030, RR = 1.702). Furthermore, our findings proposed that elevated vulnerability of Vitiligo patients due to DRB4*01:01 and DRB1*07:01 alleles maybe is correlated with the presence of amino acid Arginine at position 71 at pocket 4 on the antigen-binding site of the HLA-DRB1 receptor. CONCLUSION Our findings on different subtypes of Vitiligo suggest that, despite a more apparent autoimmune involvement, a non-autoimmune nature for the etiology of Vitiligo should also be considered.
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21
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Lee YB, Kim HS. Height and Risk of Vitiligo: A Nationwide Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173958. [PMID: 34501405 PMCID: PMC8432081 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult height is linked to the risk of several diseases, but its association with vitiligo has not been established. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adult height and vitiligo incidence. Korean nationwide claims data from 15,980,754 individuals (20 years of age or older) who received a health checkup during the period 2005–2008, were examined. Subjects were categorized into age- and gender-specific height quintiles. Participants were followed until vitiligo diagnosis or until the end of 2015. The Cox proportional-hazards model for cumulative risk was computed for height categories. During the follow-up period, 29,196 cases (136,020,214 person-years) of newly diagnosed vitiligo were reported. A positive association was found between height and risk of vitiligo in which the hazard ratio between the highest and lowest quintiles of height was 1.36 (95% confidence interval: 1.31–1.42). While more diverse cohort studies are needed, our findings suggest that taller stature increases the risk of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Bok Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Hei-Sung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-280-5100
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Eshiba S, Namiki T, Mohri Y, Aida T, Serizawa N, Shibata T, Morinaga H, Nanba D, Hiraoka Y, Tanaka K, Miura K, Tanaka M, Uhara H, Yokozeki H, Saida T, Nishimura EK. Stem cell spreading dynamics intrinsically differentiate acral melanomas from nevi. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109492. [PMID: 34348144 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early differential diagnosis between malignant and benign tumors and their underlying intrinsic differences are the most critical issues for life-threatening cancers. To study whether human acral melanomas, deadly cancers that occur on non-hair-bearing skin, have distinct origins that underlie their invasive capability, we develop fate-tracing technologies of melanocyte stem cells in sweat glands (glandular McSCs) and in melanoma models in mice and compare the cellular dynamics with human melanoma. Herein, we report that glandular McSCs self-renew to expand their migratory progeny in response to genotoxic stress and trauma to generate invasive melanomas in mice that mimic human acral melanomas. The analysis of melanocytic lesions in human volar skin reveals that genetically unstable McSCs expand in sweat glands and in the surrounding epidermis in melanomas but not in nevi. The detection of such cell spreading dynamics provides an innovative method for an early differential diagnosis of acral melanomas from nevi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Eshiba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Namiki
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Mohri
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomomi Aida
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Laboratory of Genome Editing for Biomedical Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Naotaka Serizawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takakazu Shibata
- Medical Corporation Shibata Dermatology Clinic, 1-1-30 Morinomiya Chuo, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0003, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morinaga
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Laboratory of Genome Editing for Biomedical Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kohichi Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Keiko Miura
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, 2-1-10, Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8567, Japan
| | - Hisashi Uhara
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1, West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yokozeki
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Saida
- Shinshu University, 7-7-40-220 Kamiochiai, Chuo-ku, Saitama 338-0001, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Sandru F, Carsote M, Albu SE, Dumitrascu MC, Valea A. Vitiligo and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. J Med Life 2021; 14:127-130. [PMID: 34104234 PMCID: PMC8169145 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2019-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo, the discoloration of the skin, has different autoimmune mechanisms reflected by many biomarkers as shown by skin histology, staining for CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes, chemokine ligand 9 or circulating cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, interferon (IFN)-gamma, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, antibodies, markers of oxidative stress, chemokines, and others. In this narrative review, we aim to overview vitiligo in relationship with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Regarding vitiligo, more than 50 different genetic loci have been associated with this disease, and the heritability is high. There is a 20% risk of an environmental connection which may also act as a trigger; moreover, the association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression is well recognized. The specific lesions display CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells as continuous key activators of melanocytes. The association with chronic thyroiditis is based on common autoimmune background and excessive reactive oxygen species that destroy melanocytes and thyrocytes (oxidative stress hypothesis) with thyroxine and melanin as target molecules, thus sharing a common origin: tyrosine. Moreover, common epigenetic anomalies or mutations of the Forkhead transcription factor D3 (FOXD3) have been described. Since vitiligo affects up to 1–2% of the population worldwide and 34% of patients have positive thyroid antibodies, apart from common autoimmunity background and oxidative stress toxicity, the association is clinically relevant for different practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florica Sandru
- Department of Dermatology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mara Carsote
- Department of Endocrinology, C. I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Elena Albu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Cristian Dumitrascu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Valea
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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24
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Abstract
It is 70 years since Noel Rose embarked on his pioneering studies that lead to the discovery of autoimmune thyroiditis and the elucidation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This short review to honour his passing focuses on the developments in our understanding of the causes and pathogenesis of HT over the last five years. Recent genetic studies have reported heritability estimates for HT and associated diseases for the first time, and emphasised the complexity of the genetic factors involved, including monogenic forms of HT. Environmental factors continue to be elucidated, especially as a side effect of drugs which modulate the immune system therapeutically. Regarding pathogenetic mechanisms, multiple cytokine networks have been identified which involve the thyroid cells in a circuit of escalating proinflammatory effects, such as the expression of inflammasome components, and an array of different defects in T regulatory cells may underlie the loss of self-tolerance to thyroid autoantigens. Finally, a number of studies have revealed fresh insights into disease associations with HT which may have both pathological and clinical significance, the most intriguing of which is a possible direct role of the autoimmune process itself in causing some of the persistent symptoms reported by a minority of patients with levothyroxine-treated HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Weetman
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, The Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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25
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Boniface K, Passeron T, Seneschal J, Tulic MK. Targeting Innate Immunity to Combat Cutaneous Stress: The Vitiligo Perspective. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613056. [PMID: 33936032 PMCID: PMC8079779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors are involved in the process leading to melanocyte loss in vitiligo including environmental triggers, genetic polymorphisms, metabolic alterations, and autoimmunity. This review aims to highlight current knowledge on how danger signals released by stressed epidermal cells in a predisposed patient can trigger the innate immune system and initiate a cascade of events leading to an autoreactive immune response, ultimately contributing to melanocyte disappearance in vitiligo. We will explore the genetic data available, the specific role of damage-associated-molecular patterns, and pattern-recognition receptors, as well as the cellular players involved in the innate immune response. Finally, the relevance of therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway to improve this inflammatory and autoimmune condition is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Boniface
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, Immuno-dermatology Team, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Passeron
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France.,Côte d'Azur University, Department of Dermatology, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | - Julien Seneschal
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, Immuno-dermatology Team, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | - Meri K Tulic
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
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26
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Analysis of Matched Skin and Gut Microbiome of Patients with Vitiligo Reveals Deep Skin Dysbiosis: Link with Mitochondrial and Immune Changes. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2280-2290. [PMID: 33771527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by patchy, white skin owing to melanocyte loss. Commensal cutaneous or gut dysbiosis has been linked to various dermatological disorders. In this study, we studied the skin and gut microbiota of patients with vitiligo compared with those of healthy controls. We obtained swabs and biopsies from both lesional and nonlesional skin as well as stool and blood samples from each individual. We detected reduced richness and diversity of microbiota in the stools of subjects with vitiligo compared with the stools of the controls (P < 0.01). Skin swabs had greater α-diversity than biopsies (P < 0.001); swabs from lesional sites were primarily depleted of Staphylococcus compared with those from nonlesional sites (P < 0.02). Sampling deeper layers from the same patients showed differences in both α- and β-diversity between samples with decreased richness and distribution of species (P < 0.01) in the lesional site. Biopsy microbiota from the lesional skin had distinct microbiota composition, which was depleted of protective Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides but was enriched in Proteobacteria, Streptococcus, Mycoplasma, and mtDNA (P < 0.001); the latter increased in the same patients with heightened innate immunity and stress markers in their blood (P < 0.05). These data describe vitiligo-specific cutaneous and gut microbiota and a link between skin dysbiosis, mitochondrial damage, and immunity in patients with vitiligo.
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27
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Bergqvist C, Ezzedine K. Vitiligo: A focus on pathogenesis and its therapeutic implications. J Dermatol 2021; 48:252-270. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bergqvist
- Department of Dermatology AP‐HP Henri Mondor University Hospital UPEC Créteil France
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology AP‐HP Henri Mondor University Hospital UPEC Créteil France
- EA 7379 EpidermE Université Paris‐Est Créteil, UPEC Créteil France
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28
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Speeckaert R, Lambert J, Bulat V, Belpaire A, Speeckaert M, van Geel N. Autoimmunity in Segmental Vitiligo. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568447. [PMID: 33193342 PMCID: PMC7655129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune basis of segmental vitiligo (SV) has only recently been recognized. Systemic autoimmune diseases are less frequently associated compared to non-segmental vitiligo (NSV), but localized skin disorders - in particular linear morphea - have been repeatedly observed in patients with SV. The inflammatory response is documented on a clinical level with cases displaying erythematous borders or a hypochromic stage, on a histopathological level with predominantly CD8 lymphocytes migrating toward the basal layer and by flow cytometry demonstrating the antimelanocyte specificity of these cytotoxic T cells. The increased risk for halo naevi and NSV in these patients further underline the immune-mediated mechanisms of SV. Nonetheless, the localized and unique distribution pattern points to somatic mosaicism. This places SV in a category of similar diseases such as lichen striatus, blaschkitis, linear lupus erythematosus, and linear scleroderma where an immune reaction against genetically mutated skin cells is believed to be the underlying cause. All these disorders are characterized by a young age of onset, a temporary disease activity with spontaneous resolution, limited response to treatment, and often long-term sequelae. Although challenging, genetic research proving this genetic mosaicism could offer crucial insights into the pathogenesis of both segmental and non-segmental vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, Gent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Vedrana Bulat
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arno Belpaire
- Department of Dermatology, Gent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Nanja van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Gent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
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29
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Katsarou MS, Sidiropoulou P, Ieronymaki D, Mastraftsi S, Sifaki M, Xenos K, Nosyrev A, Kovatsi L, Spandidos DA, Lagiou M, Dagklis C, Gregoriou S, Tagka A, Rigopoulos D, Drakoulis N, Nicolaidou E. Impact of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms on vitiligo susceptibility and clinical features in a Southeastern European Caucasian population. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1899-1907. [PMID: 33000207 PMCID: PMC7521563 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and vitiligo has been suggested. However, previous studies have reported contradictory results while including limited data among Caucasians. The aim of this single-center study was to evaluate the effect of three common VDR gene polymorphisms (FokI, TaqI and BsmI) on suscep-tibility and clinical aspects of vitiligo in a Southeastern European Caucasian population. A total of 110 unrelated vitiligo cases and 509 general population controls were enrolled from October 2018 to November 2019. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood after de-identification and anonymization of the samples and genotyped for the selected VDR polymorphisms by the qPCR (melting curve analysis). Subgroup analysis by clinical features among subsets of patients indicated that, compared to subjects with the FokI TT genotype or T allele, carriers of the FokI CC genotype or C allele exhibited significantly decreased risk of developing vitiligo before the age of 30 [TT vs. CC: odds ratio (OR)=0.286, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.083-0.984, P=0.041; T vs. C: OR=0.545, 95% CI: 0.313-0.948, P=0.031]. Intra-patient analysis also revealed that, compared to T allele, the presence of TaqI C allele was adversely associated with the incidence of concurrent leukotrichia (T vs. C: OR=1.874, 95% CI: 1.018-3.451, P=0.042). Comparisons between the case and control groups showed no evidence to support an association between susceptibility to vitiligo and the VDR BsmI, TaqI, and FokI polymorphisms in this cohort. Thus, the studied VDR polymorphisms might indirectly impact the clinical course and treatment decision-making despite their lack of association with vitiligo per se. Further research with larger sample sizes, especially across Caucasian individuals, should be performed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha-Spyridoula Katsarou
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Polytimi Sidiropoulou
- 1st Department of Dermatology‑Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'A. Sygros' Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, 16121 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Ieronymaki
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani Mastraftsi
- 1st Department of Dermatology‑Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'A. Sygros' Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, 16121 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Sifaki
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Xenos
- Department of Dermatology‑Venereology, 'A. Sygros' Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, 16121 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Nosyrev
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54640 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Lagiou
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Dagklis
- Department of Statistics and Insurance Science, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Stamatis Gregoriou
- 1st Department of Dermatology‑Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'A. Sygros' Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, 16121 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Tagka
- 1st Department of Dermatology‑Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'A. Sygros' Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, 16121 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Rigopoulos
- 1st Department of Dermatology‑Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'A. Sygros' Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, 16121 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Electra Nicolaidou
- 1st Department of Dermatology‑Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'A. Sygros' Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, 16121 Athens, Greece
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30
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Spritz RA, Santorico SA. The Genetic Basis of Vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:265-273. [PMID: 32778407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a complex disease in which autoimmune destruction of epidermal melanocytes results in patches of depigmented white skin. Vitiligo has an estimated prevalence of about 0.2-2% in different populations and approximately 0.4% in the European-derived white (EUR) population. The fraction of disease risk attributable to genetic variation, termed heritability, is high, with estimates from family studies in EUR of 0.75-0.83 and from SNP based studies estimated at 0.78. About 70% of genetic risk comes from common genetic variants and about 30% from rare genetic variants. Through candidate gene, genomewide linkage, and genomewide association studies, over 50 vitiligo susceptibility loci have been discovered. These have been combined into a vitiligo polygenic risk score, which has allowed various aspects of vitiligo genetic architecture in the EUR population to be better understood. Vitiligo has thus proved to be a particularly tractable model for investigation of complex disease genetic architecture. Here, we summarize progress to date including dissection of heritability, discovery of vitiligo susceptibility loci through candidate gene, genomewide linkage, and genomewide association studies, relationships to other autoimmune diseases, polygenic architecture of vitiligo risk, vitiligo triggering, and disease onset, and provide suggestions for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Spritz
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
| | - Stephanie A Santorico
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Mathematical and Statistical Science, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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