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Tsubota-Utsugi M, Sasaki R, Suzuki R, Tanno K, Kuno J, Shimoda H, Sakata K. Changes in physical activity during the year after the Great East Japan Earthquake and future frailty in older survivors. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24:563-570. [PMID: 38685861 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study examines whether changes in physical activity (PA) during the first year after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (2011-2012) contributed to preventing the onset of future frailty among older survivors of the disaster. METHODS This study tracked 2561 physically active Japanese survivors aged ≥ 65 years (43.6% men; mean age 72.9 years) who had completed self-administered questionnaires in 2011 and 2012. PA levels for participants were classified into four categories based on ≥23 and <23 metabolic equivalent hours/week in 2011 and 2012: "consistently low," "decreasing," "increasing," and "consistently high." Frailty was defined as a Kihon Checklist score ≥ 5, which is used in the long-term care insurance system in Japan. Hazard ratios were calculated for the onset of frailty using a Cox proportional hazards model that fitted the proportional sub-distribution hazards regression model with weights for competing risks of death. RESULTS From 2012 to 2018, 283 men and 490 women developed frailty. Men with consistently high or increasing PA during the first year after the disaster had a lower risk of frailty. Furthermore, even increasing PA by walking for just 30 min/day prevented future frailty in men; however, this association between a change in PA and the decreased risk of frailty was not observed in women. CONCLUSIONS Older men who remained physically active or resumed PA at an early stage and at a low intensity, even after being physically inactive owing to the disaster, were able to prevent future frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 563-570.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Tsubota-Utsugi
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasaki
- Department of Human Sciences, Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Ruriko Suzuki
- Faculty of Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Sciences, Iwate University of Health and Medical Sciences, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Junji Kuno
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Haruki Shimoda
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Sakata
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
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Peng Y, Lu B, Wen J. Assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in elderly survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake: A cross-sectional study. J Evid Based Med 2023; 16:455-464. [PMID: 37795585 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent condition characterized by prolonged psychological distress following traumatic events encompassing serious health threats, domestic abuse, and natural disasters. The onset and persistence of PTSD can be attributed to advanced age. This study aimed to explore the occurrence and influencing factors of enduring post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors aged 60 years and over in the main area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake 10 years after the disaster. METHODS Data were collected using a multistage sampling method from individuals aged 60 years and older living in the main impacted areas of Wenchuan 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) was used to evaluate PTSD symptoms. We evaluated participants based on their PTSD symptoms: those exhibiting and those without. The latter group was four times the size of the former and was matched based on gender and age (within ± 2 years). Conditional logistic regression was used to discern the risk factors. RESULTS Out of the total, 56 participants were recognized as having probable PTSD as per the PCL-C checklist, leading to a rate of 9.4% (56/588). The univariate conditional logistic regression values showed that playing Mahjong/poker (odds ratio (OR) = 0.394, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.171-0.911) and displacement (OR = 0.446, 95% CI = 0.220-0.907) were protective factors for the long-term mental health of survivors in the hard-hit areas, while the presence of a 2-week illness (OR = 3.605, 95% CI = 1.751-7.424), possessing insurance (OR = 0.250, 95% CI = 0.072-0.864), suffering from a chronic ailment (OR = 3.132, 95% CI = 1.2-8.174), and having an injured family member (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.136-4.496) emerged as risk factors for PTSD symptoms. Multivariate analysis indicated that the absence of insurance and prevalence of 2-week illness correlated with increased PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Ten years after the Wenchuan earthquake, the prevalence of probable PTSD remained significantly high in the elderly population. The major risk factors were the absence of insurance and the occurrence of a 2-week illness. Policymakers should incorporate these findings when devising strategies for aging societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Office of the President, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingqing Lu
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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El-Barazi AS. Psychological Support for Earthquake Survivors in Turkey and Syria. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2023; 16:171-176. [PMID: 38292286 PMCID: PMC10824221 DOI: 10.4103/jets.jets_46_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thousands of children and families are in danger after two powerful earthquakes and dozens of aftershocks struck the border between Turkey and Syria. Thus, earthquake survivors in Turkey and Syria have an urgent need for psychological help. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the mental health support services offered to people affected by the earthquakes that ravaged parts of Turkey and Syria, (2) discuss the challenges faced by the psychological support services, and (3) highlight recommendations for improving mental health services for earthquake survivors. Methods A questionnaire with open-ended questions was E-mailed to nongovernmental organizations that provide mental health and psychological support to earthquake-affected individuals in Turkey and Syria. The organizations were requested to describe their activities and the obstacles they had to face to deliver these psychological support services. Using content analysis, the gathered statements were examined. Results Mental health professionals from 23 nongovernmental organizations responded. The earthquake survivors were mostly provided with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing and spiritual support. Human resources and financial issues were the most reported concerns among the organizations that responded to the current study. Conclusions While dealing with the long-term consequences of a disaster, it is essential to coordinate the efforts of many organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Safwat El-Barazi
- Clinical Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
- The Center for Drug Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinical Psychology Clinic, Safwat Elgolf Hospital, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Mieziene B, Emeljanovas A, Novak D, Kawachi I. Social Capital Promotes a Healthier Diet among Young Adults by Reducing Psychological Distress. Nutrients 2022; 14:5187. [PMID: 36501217 PMCID: PMC9737172 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have revealed the links between social capital and diet. However, the mediating role of psychological distress in this relationship has been understudied. This study aims to identify direct and indirect relationships between social capital and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among Lithuanian young adults and identify the mediating role of psychological distress in this relationship. Data were collected from 1336 young adults, aged 18-36 years; 40.5% were males. MEDAS was used to measure adherence to a healthy diet. Social capital was measured by eight separate items in terms of family support, social support, social cohesion, social trust, communication, collaboration, participation, and distant communication. Kessler's six-item scale was used to assess psychological distress. Higher family support (β = 0.105), higher social participation (β = 0.294), and lower psychological distress (β = 0.073) directly predicted higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Social capital was indirectly related to adherence to the Mediterranean diet, with standardized effect sizes of 0.02-0.04, indicating small effect sizes. Thus, psychological distress mediates the relationship between social capital and a healthy diet. Given that social capital is related to psychological health and both directly and indirectly predicts healthy behavior in young adults, further longitudinal and experimental research is required to measure the effects of the intervention on incorporating, facilitating, encouraging, and implementing measures to strengthen the social connection between people and groups of people within the community, neighborhood, and organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Mieziene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dario Novak
- The Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ji Y, Zhang Y, Yun Q, Chang C. Gender differences in social environmental changes associated with smoking: a cross-sectional study from Chinese internal migrants. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058097. [PMID: 36414285 PMCID: PMC9685270 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify clues for women's tobacco control, this study analyses the gender differences in social environmental changes associated with smoking and the interaction between the environment and individuals' social integration. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional design and secondary analysis were used among Chinese internal migrants. Data were from the 2012 Migrant Dynamics Monitoring Survey in China with participants aged 15-59 years old (75 416 women and 83 140 men) who resided in cities for more than 1 month. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Social environmental changes were measured by differences in smoking prevalence and women's empowerment between the migrant-receiving province (MRP) and migrant-sending province (MSP). Social participation and duration of stay (DOS) were adopted as indicators of social integration. Stratified analysis and binary logistic regression models were used to determine the dependent variable (smoking status) and environmental changes after controlling for age, education, income and happiness. RESULTS Differences in the smoking prevalence environment (lower in MRP, OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.83; higher rate in MRP, OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.37) and women's empowerment (lower rate in MRP, OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.97; higher rate in MRP, OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33) between MRP and MSP were positively correlated with women's smoking. In men, however, migrating to an area with lower smoking prevalence could not reduce smoking risk, whereas moving to an area with higher women's empowerment could. A long DOS was an independent risk factor for smoking in women (ranged from 1.20 to 2.00 in various environmental changes scenarios) but a protective factor for men. An interaction between environmental changes and social integration could not be verified. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco control strategies should consider gender differences, especially women who are experiencing social environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ji
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qingping Yun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Chang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Kanno I, Hasegawa K, Nakamura T, Kogure M, Itabashi F, Narita A, Tsuchiya N, Hirata T, Nakaya N, Sugawara J, Kuriyama S, Tsuji I, Kure S, Hozawa A. Relationship between the housing coldness/warmth evaluation by CASBEE Housing Health Checklist and psychological distress based on TMM Community-Based Cohort Study: a cross-sectional analysis. Public Health 2022; 208:98-104. [PMID: 35738131 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have reported the relationship between housing environment and health, although due to cost and effort, it was difficult to conduct housing condition surveys on a large scale. The CASBEE Housing Health Checklist (the Checklist) made it possible to easily evaluate the housing condition from the resident's perspective. This study examined the relationship between housing coldness/warmth evaluation using the Checklist and psychological distress in a large-scale general Japanese population. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS We analysed data from 29,380 people aged ≥20 years who lived in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. As an assessment of housing coldness/warmth, we used the Checklist. We classified participants' total scores on the Checklist related to coldness/warmth into quartiles. The Kessler 6 scale was used as an indicator of psychological distress. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Adjusted OR and P-values for linear trends were calculated using the quartiles of the Checklists' score. RESULTS Among participants in Q1 (i.e., poorer subjective house condition), the percentage of people with psychological distress was high. Compared to the highest quartile, Q1 showed poorer evaluation of housing coldness/warmth, and higher OR for psychological distress. The OR (95% CI) of psychological distress for Q3, Q2, and Q1 compared with Q4 were 1.93 (1.74-2.14), 2.82 (2.55-3.12), and 5.78 (5.25-6.35), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Housing coldness/warmth evaluation was significantly related to psychological distress. This finding suggests that maintaining a comfortable thermal environment at home could be important for residents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kanno
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - K Hasegawa
- Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Kogure
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - F Itabashi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - A Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - N Tsuchiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Yamato Home Medical Care Clinic Kurihara, Kurihara, Japan
| | - T Hirata
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - N Nakaya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - J Sugawara
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Kuriyama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - I Tsuji
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Kure
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - A Hozawa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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Kunii Y, Usukura H, Otsuka K, Maeda M, Yabe H, Takahashi S, Tachikawa H, Tomita H. Lessons learned from psychosocial support and mental health surveys during the 10 years since the Great East Japan Earthquake: Establishing evidence-based disaster psychiatry. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:212-221. [PMID: 35137504 PMCID: PMC9314661 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Post-disaster mental health and psychosocial support have drawn attention in Japan after the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, with mental health care centers for the affected communities being organized. After the catastrophe, a reconstruction budget was allocated to organize mental health care centers to provide psychosocial support for communities affected by the 2007 Chūetsu offshore earthquake, the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, and the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. There were several major improvements in post-disaster mental health measures after the Great East Japan Earthquake. The Disaster Psychiatric Assistance Team system was organized after the earthquake to orchestrate disaster response related to the psychiatric health system and mental health of the affected communities. Special mental health care efforts were drawn to the communities affected by the nuclear power plant accident through Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and high yield Explosives, being succeeded by measures against the coronavirus pandemic. As another new movement after the Great East Japan Earthquake, the number of surveys involving communities affected by disasters has soared. More than 10 times the number of scientific publications were made in English during the decade following the Great East Japan Earthquake, compared with the previous decades. In this review, we examined the results and issues acquired in the 10 years since the Great East Japan Earthquake, proposing evidence-based disaster psychiatry as the direction of future mental health measures related to emergency preparedness and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitomi Usukura
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kotaro Otsuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan.,Department of Disaster and Community Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sho Takahashi
- Department of Disaster and Community Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tachikawa
- Department of Disaster and Community Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Kunii Y, Usukura H, Utsumi Y, Seto M, Hamaie Y, Sugawara Y, Nakaya N, Kuriyama S, Hozawa A, Tsuji I, Tomita H. Review of Mental Health Consequences of the Great East Japan Earthquake through Long-Term Epidemiological Studies: The Shichigahama Health Promotion Project. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2022; 257:85-95. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2022.j039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University
| | - Hitomi Usukura
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University
| | - Yusuke Utsumi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University
| | - Moe Seto
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Yumiko Hamaie
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University
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Takeda T, Yoshimi K, Kai S, Inoue F. Association Between Serious Psychological Distress and Loneliness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study with Pregnant Japanese Women. Int J Womens Health 2021; 13:1087-1093. [PMID: 34795535 PMCID: PMC8593838 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s338596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pregnant women are vulnerable to stress. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic and created significant stress for many people. Social distancing to reduce the spread of COVID-19 has also reduced social interactions, which has increased social isolation and loneliness. Loneliness is thought to increase perceived stress, cause psychological distress, and increase the risk of mental illness, such as depression. This study examined the association between serious psychological distress (SPD) and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic in pregnant Japanese women. Patients and Methods An internet survey of 1022 pregnant women in Japan was conducted between June 1 and July 21, 2021. The 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 3-item Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Fear of COVID-19 Scale were used as measurement tools. The prevalence of SPD was defined as a K6 score of ≥13. Results The prevalence of SPD was 16.5%. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for SPD were younger age (odds ratio [OR] 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01 to 1.10; p = 0.020), history of abortion or miscarriages (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.36; p = 0.034), unemployment (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.45; p = 0.008), fear of COVID-19 (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.17; p < 0.001), and loneliness (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.38 to 1.70; p < 0.001). Conclusion Pregnant women in Japan showed a high prevalence of SPD. Younger age, unemployment, history of abortion or miscarriages, fear of COVID-19, and loneliness were independently associated with SPD. Clinicians and health officials should pay particular attention to the psychological health of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeda
- Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kana Yoshimi
- Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kai
- Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Fumi Inoue
- Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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Suzuki T, Akaishi T, Nemoto H, Utsumi Y, Seto M, Usukura H, Kunii Y, Sugawara Y, Nakaya N, Nakamura T, Tsuchiya N, Narita A, Kogure M, Hozawa A, Tsuji I, Ishii T, Tomita H. Impact of type of reconstructed residence on social participation and mental health of population displaced by disasters. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21465. [PMID: 34728690 PMCID: PMC8563746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
After disasters, people are often forced to reconstruct or move to new residences. This study aimed to reveal the association between the types of reconstructed residences and psychosocial or psychiatric conditions among the population. A total of 1071 adult residents in a coastal town, whose houses were destroyed by the tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake, enrolled in the study five years after the disaster. The type of reconstructed post-disaster residences (reconstructed on the same site/disaster-recovery public condominium/mass-translocation to higher ground/privately moving to remote areas) and the current psychosocial indicators were investigated. The results revealed that individuals living in public condominiums showed significantly worse scores on the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (p < 0.0001) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (p < 0.0001), and slightly worse scores on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (p = 0.035) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (p = 0.028). Lower psychosocial indicator scores in the public condominium group were more remarkable in younger adults aged < 65 years. Insomnia evaluated using the Athens Insomnia Scale was not different among the four residential types. In summary, residents moving into disaster-recovery public condominiums are likely to have less social interaction, be more depressed, and may need additional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Suzuki
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Health Promotion Section, Shichigahama Town Hall, Shichigahama, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Harumi Nemoto
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Utsumi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Moe Seto
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitomi Usukura
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Department of Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naho Tsuchiya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Narita
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mana Kogure
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Department of Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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11
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Laurence J, Kim HHS. Individual and community social capital, mobility restrictions, and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multilevel analysis of a representative US survey. Soc Sci Med 2021; 287:114361. [PMID: 34530221 PMCID: PMC8436614 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the role of social capital in mitigating the mental health harms of social/mobility restrictions instigated in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. We test whether: (a) social capital continued to predict lower mental distress during the pandemic; and (b) whether social capital buffered (moderated) the harm of social/mobility restrictions on psychological distress. In addition, we test the level at which social capital mitigation effects operated, i.e., at the individual- and/or contextual-level. To do so, we apply multilevel models to three waves of the COVID-19 Household Impact Survey consisting of probability samples of U.S. adults (with the average interview completion rate of 93%). In a novel approach, we explore two modes of capturing contextual social capital: aggregated individual-level survey responses and independently measured social capital indices (SCIs). Findings show that at the individual level social capital was associated with lower psychological distress. It also buffered the harm of restrictions: increasing restrictions had a weaker effect on distress among individuals interacting with neighbors more frequently. Importantly, mitigating processes of contextual social capital appeared conditional on how it was measured. Using aggregated survey responses, contextual social capital had no direct effect on distress but exerted an additional buffering role: individuals in counties with higher average neighbor-interaction experienced a weaker impact of restrictions. Using the independent SCI measures, we found county social capital reduced distress. However, its negative effect on distress becomes increasingly weaker the more restrictions an individual reported: where individuals reported lower restrictions, higher county SCI reduced distress; however, where individuals reported higher restrictions, higher county SCI had no effect on distress. More restrictive environments thus cut individuals off from the benefits of higher county social capital as measured using the SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Laurence
- Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, UK; The Economic and Social Research Institute, Ireland
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12
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Pan Y, Xie R, Yan Q, Zhou T. Telemedicine Assessment for the Mental Health of Rural Residents Based on the Safety Degree of Housing in Seismically Active Regions. Front Public Health 2021; 9:604298. [PMID: 34408998 PMCID: PMC8364951 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.604298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Earthquakes inevitably affect the mental health of local residents. In seismically active regions of Southwest China, local rural residents' dilapidated housing with poor seismic performance aggravates the impacts of earthquakes on their mental health. These residents' mental health is difficult to recognize because of the lack of appropriate assessment methods. In addition, rural residents in the area have a low socioeconomic status and cannot access adequate mental treatment. Thus, telemedicine could be an effective approach to assist mental health practice in such areas. However, the lack of telemedicine assessment factors in these areas makes it difficult to complete the correct triage and prioritization of rural residents' mental health quickly and effectively. To provide a foundation for applying telemedicine to assess the risk of mental health problems that rural residents in seismically active regions experience, this paper studied whether the degree of safety of housing can affect mental health. In this study, nine villages near the epicenter of the 2019 6.0-magnitude earthquake in Changning County, China were randomly selected, and 162 valid questionnaires were completed. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the collected data. First, the satisfaction of rural residents with the degree of safety of housing significantly affected the K6 score and whether they suffered from mental problems. Second, the mental health of rural residents living in reinforced concrete frame structure housing was obviously superior to that of those living in other types of housing. Next, the most significant factor affecting mental health was the degree of wall cracks. Finally, a new approach was developed to assess and prioritize the mental health of rural residents by using degrees of housing safety and smart technology in seismically active regions. The telemedicine assessment approach is expected to be used in the future for mental health evaluation and the large-scale data scoring of rural residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Pan
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruihang Xie
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Yan
- School of Smart Urban Design, Chongqing Jianzhu College, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiejun Zhou
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Long-term Follow-up of Affected Residents After Lifting Evacuation Orders in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan: Findings from an Interview-Based Psychological Survey. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:1545-1551. [PMID: 34392869 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relationship between social support and psychological variables, and investigated the status of social support among villagers whose evacuation order had been lifted. The survey used for the analysis is the data of FY 2018 and 2019. In fiscal year 2018, a written questionnaire was posted to 4828 registered residents of Iitate Village and 1405 valid responses were received. The main finding (in joint assessment by local and external experts) was the 'need for professional support' (191 respondents, 13.6%). Multivariate analysis found that among those living in permanent housing outside the village, the need for support was significantly more likely for those without emotional support, or instrumental support, and those not providing support. The 2019 follow-up showed a slight improvement in perceived social support (PSS). The associations between perceived social support and living environment suggest the need to strengthen social support measures in areas where evacuation orders are yet to be lifted, which will provide useful information with which to examine the effects of future support efforts.
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14
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Tanoue K, Watanabe Z, Nishigori H, Iwama N, Satoh M, Murakami T, Tanaka K, Sasaki S, Sakurai K, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Saito M, Sugawara J, Tatsuta N, Kuriyama S, Arima T, Nakai K, Yaegashi N, Metoki H. The prevalence of psychological distress during pregnancy in Miyagi Prefecture for 3 years after the Great Eas t Japan Earthquake. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:27. [PMID: 33637036 PMCID: PMC7913250 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To examine changes in psychological distress prevalence among pregnant women in Miyagi Prefecture, which was directly affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, and compare it with the other, less damaged areas of Japan. Methods This study was conducted in conjunction with the Japan Environment and Children`s Study. We examined 76,152 pregnant women including 8270 in Miyagi Regional Center and 67,882 in 13 other regional centers from the all-birth fixed data of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. We then compared the prevalence and risk of distress in women in Miyagi Regional Center and women in the 13 regional centers for 3 years after the disaster. Results Women in the Miyagi Regional Center suffered more psychological distress than those in the 13 regional centers: OR 1.38 (95% CI, 1.03–1.87) to 1.92 (95% CI, 1.42–2.60). Additionally, women in the inland area had a consistently higher prevalence of psychological distress compared to those from the 13 regional centers: OR 1.67 (95% CI, 1.18–2.38) to 2.19 (95% CI, 1.60–2.99). Conclusions The lack of pre-disaster data in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study made it impossible to compare the incidence of psychological distress before and after the March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. However, 3 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake, the prevalence of pregnant women with psychological distress did not improve in Miyagi Regional Center. Further, the prevalence of mental illness in inland areas was consistently higher than that in the 13 regional centers after the disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaou Tanoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Zen Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishigori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.,Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan.,Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michihiro Satoh
- Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murakami
- Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Kousuke Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hachinohe City Hospital, 3-1-1, Tamukai, Hachinohe, Aomori, 031-8555, Japan
| | - Satomi Sasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kasumi Sakurai
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Junichi Sugawara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.,Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tatsuta
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Nakai
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.,Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Hirohito Metoki
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan. .,Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan. .,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan.
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15
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Long-term effects of housing damage on survivors' health in rural China: Evidence from a survey 10 Years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Soc Sci Med 2021; 270:113641. [PMID: 33388618 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disaster experiences have long-term health effects. However, less is known about the pathways of the association between disaster experiences and people's long-term health. We aimed to examine the long-term (10-year) effect of housing damage in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on survivors' health and to explore the pathways of the long-term effect. METHODS We used data from a survey conducted in 2018 in rural areas affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The survey collected information on housing damage caused by the earthquake from survivors aged 18 years old or above. Our primary outcome was dichotomous self-rated health in 2018. We considered decreased living standards and debt burden as mediators. To examine the long-term effect of housing damage on health, we performed multivariable binary logistic regression models. We also performed mediation analyses using the "KHB-method". RESULTS Compared with no/slight damage, serious damage (odds ratio (OR): 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11,2.04) and collapse (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.13,2.18) were associated with a higher risk of poor health. Decreased living standards and debt burden mediated 8.49% and 4.79%, respectively, of the association between serious damage and poor health and 10.64% and 6.10%, respectively, of the association between collapse and poor health. CONCLUSION Housing damage in a natural disaster is a long-term risk for survivors' health. Long-term policies and interventions are necessary to protect and promote the health of survivors who experience housing damage. In addition to house reconstruction assistance, policies and interventions can be designed to promote living standards and financial situations to protect survivors' health.
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Machine learning to reveal hidden risk combinations for the trajectory of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21726. [PMID: 33303893 PMCID: PMC7730124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the recovery process of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms is multifactorial. The Massive Parallel Limitless-Arity Multiple-testing Procedure (MP-LAMP), which was developed to detect significant combinational risk factors comprehensively, was utilized to reveal hidden combinational risk factors to explain the long-term trajectory of the PTSD symptoms. In 624 population-based subjects severely affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, 61 potential risk factors encompassing sociodemographics, lifestyle, and traumatic experiences were analyzed by MP-LAMP regarding combinational associations with the trajectory of PTSD symptoms, as evaluated by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised score after eight years adjusted by the baseline score. The comprehensive combinational analysis detected 56 significant combinational risk factors, including 15 independent variables, although the conventional bivariate analysis between single risk factors and the trajectory detected no significant risk factors. The strongest association was observed with the combination of short resting time, short walking time, unemployment, and evacuation without preparation (adjusted P value = 2.2 × 10−4, and raw P value = 3.1 × 10−9). Although short resting time had no association with the poor trajectory, it had a significant interaction with short walking time (P value = 1.2 × 10−3), which was further strengthened by the other two components (P value = 9.7 × 10−5). Likewise, components that were not associated with a poor trajectory in bivariate analysis were included in every observed significant risk combination due to their interactions with other components. Comprehensive combination detection by MP-LAMP is essential for explaining multifactorial psychiatric symptoms by revealing the hidden combinations of risk factors.
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Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on the Employment Status and Mental Health Conditions of Affected Coastal Communities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218130. [PMID: 33153208 PMCID: PMC7662503 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Great East Japan Earthquake devasted the old community in coastal areas characterized by primary industry. The number of unemployed people increased from 150,000 to 190,000 after the earthquake. All of the adult residents of Shichigahama (18 years old or older), located in the coastal area of the Miyagi prefecture, whose houses were totally or majorly damaged, were recruited for a survey conducted in October 2011. All of the residents who responded with written informed consent were included in this study. Among 904 individuals who had a job before the Great East Japan Earthquake, 19% became unemployed. Concerning gender and age, 9% of young men, 34% of elderly men, 21% of young women, and 49% of elderly women became unemployed. Concerning the type of industry, 38%, 15%, and 16% of people who had belonged to the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, respectively, before the disaster became unemployed. Those who became unemployed exhibited a significantly higher risk of insomnia compared to those who maintained jobs. The study pointed out the severe impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on populations who had belonged to the primary industry, especially among elderly women, and its effect on sleep conditions.
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18
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Gero K, Aida J, Kondo K, Kawachi I. Evaluation of Trust Within a Community After Survivor Relocation Following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2021166. [PMID: 33151314 PMCID: PMC7645695 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Trust is a core component of social cohesion, facilitating cooperation and collective action in the face of adversity and enabling survivors to remain resilient. Residential stability is an important prerequisite of developing trusting relations among community members. However, little is known about whether the movement of internally displaced persons (IDPs) after a disaster might change community relations. OBJECTIVE We explored perceived changes in trust within 1 community directly impacted by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study examined survey data from 3594 residents of Iwanuma City, Japan, aged 65 years or older. Data were obtained from the Iwanuma Study-part of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a nationwide cohort study established in 2010-approximately 7 months before the disaster. All Iwanuma City residents age 65 years or older (8576 residents) were eligible to participate in 2010. The response rate was 59.0% (5058 residents). A follow-up survey was conducted in 2013, approximately 2.5 years after the disaster. Of the 4380 remaining participants who answered the baseline survey, 3594 were recontacted (follow-up rate, 82.1%). Data analysis was performed from July 1, 2019, to January 9, 2020. EXPOSURES The number of temporarily relocated Iwanuma City survivors within 100 m and 250 m of a nonrelocated resident's home address. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Perceived changes in particularized trust (ie, trusting people from the same community) and generalized trust (trusting people from other communities) measured on a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS Among 3250 nonrelocated residents (1808 [55.6%] women; mean [SD] age, 76.5 [6.2] years) of Iwanuma City included in the analytic sample, multivariable-adjusted multinomial logistic regression analyses found that each standard deviation increase in the influx of internally displaced persons (1 SD = 11 IDPs) within 250 m of a resident's home address was associated with higher odds of a decrease in the resident's particularized and generalized trust (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.32). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The influx of IDPs in the host community appeared to be associated with an erosion of trust among locals. To avoid the erosion of social cohesion after a disaster, it may be crucial to provide opportunities for social interaction between old and new residents of communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Gero
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gero K, Hikichi H, Aida J, Kondo K, Kawachi I. Associations Between Community Social Capital and Preservation of Functional Capacity in the Aftermath of a Major Disaster. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:1369-1378. [PMID: 32406501 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength of social connections in the community ("social capital") is hypothesized to be a crucial ingredient in disaster resilience. We examined whether community-level social capital is correlated with the ability to maintain functional capacity among older residents who experienced the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. The baseline of our cohort (mean age, 74 years) was established in 2010, 7 months before the disaster in Iwanuma, a Japanese city located 80 km from the epicenter. Disaster-related personal experiences (e.g., housing damage or relocation) were assessed through a follow-up survey (n = 3,594; follow-up rate, 82.1%) conducted in 2013, 2.5 years after the earthquake. Multiple membership multilevel models were used to evaluate the associations between functional capacity, measured by the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale, and 3 subscales of community-level social capital: social cohesion, social participation, and reciprocity. Community-level social participation was associated with a lower risk of functional decline after disaster exposure. The average level of social participation in the community also mitigated the adverse impact of housing damage on functional status, suggesting a buffering mechanism.
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20
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Orui M. Re-Increased Male Suicide Rates in the Recovery Phase Following the Great East Japan Earthquake. CRISIS 2020; 41:422-428. [DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Monitoring of suicide rates in the recovery phase following a devastating disaster has been limited. Aim: We report on a 7-year follow-up of the suicide rates in the area affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred in March 2011. Method: This descriptive study covered the period from March 2009 to February 2018. Period analysis was used to divide the 108-month study period into nine segments, in which suicide rates were compared with national averages using Poisson distribution. Results: Male suicide rates in the affected area from March 2013 to February 2014 increased to a level higher than the national average. After subsequently dropping, the male rates from March 2016 to February 2018 re-increased and showed a greater difference compared with the national averages. The difference became significant in the period from March 2017 to February 2018 ( p = .047). Limitations: Specific reasons for increasing the rates in the recovery phase were not determined. Conclusion: The termination of the provision of free temporary housing might be influential in this context. Provision of temporary housing was terminated from 2016, which increased economic hardship among needy evacuees. Furthermore, disruption of the social connectedness in the temporary housing may have had an influence. Our findings suggest the necessity of suicide rate monitoring even in the recovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Orui
- Sendai City Mental Health and Welfare Center, Sendai City, Japan
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21
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Machine learning for effectively avoiding overfitting is a crucial strategy for the genetic prediction of polygenic psychiatric phenotypes. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:294. [PMID: 32826857 PMCID: PMC7442807 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The accuracy of previous genetic studies in predicting polygenic psychiatric phenotypes has been limited mainly due to the limited power in distinguishing truly susceptible variants from null variants and the resulting overfitting. A novel prediction algorithm, Smooth-Threshold Multivariate Genetic Prediction (STMGP), was applied to improve the genome-based prediction of psychiatric phenotypes by decreasing overfitting through selecting variants and building a penalized regression model. Prediction models were trained using a cohort of 3685 subjects in Miyagi prefecture and validated with an independently recruited cohort of 3048 subjects in Iwate prefecture in Japan. Genotyping was performed using HumanOmniExpressExome BeadChip Arrays. We used the target phenotype of depressive symptoms and simulated phenotypes with varying complexity and various effect-size distributions of risk alleles. The prediction accuracy and the degree of overfitting of STMGP were compared with those of state-of-the-art models (polygenic risk scores, genomic best linear-unbiased prediction, summary-data-based best linear-unbiased prediction, BayesR, and ridge regression). In the prediction of depressive symptoms, compared with the other models, STMGP showed the highest prediction accuracy with the lowest degree of overfitting, although there was no significant difference in prediction accuracy. Simulation studies suggested that STMGP has a better prediction accuracy for moderately polygenic phenotypes. Our investigations suggest the potential usefulness of STMGP for predicting polygenic psychiatric conditions while avoiding overfitting.
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The Impact of Health Consciousness on the Association Between Walking Durations and Mental Health Conditions After a Disaster: a Cross-Sectional Study. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2020; 6:30. [PMID: 32676856 PMCID: PMC7366311 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background In communities affected by a disaster, walking can be a feasible form of physical exercise to improve physical and mental health conditions. However, there is limited evidence to support relationships between walking habits and mental health conditions in post-disaster settings. Cross-sectional epidemiological data obtained from a questionnaire survey (conducted in October 2017) of a community affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) was analyzed to evaluate the relationships. Methods Participants included individuals over 20 years of age (N = 718) from Shichigahama town in Miyagi prefecture, whose houses were significantly damaged by the GEJE. Their mental health conditions were assessed by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Additionally, the questionnaire asked the participants spent duration walking on average and their walking purpose by the following items: (1) longer than 60 min per day, (2) between 30 and 60 min per day, or (3) less than 30 min per day, and whether they walked to maintain healthy living habits (health-conscious walkers) or merely for transportation without considering health consequences (non-health-conscious walkers). These information and mental health indicators were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results Among the three walking duration groups of health-conscious walkers, there were significant differences in CES-D and K6 scores (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04), but not in IES-R scores, considering age, gender, and alcohol drinking habits as covariates. CES-D score was significantly higher among short walkers (p = 0.004). Among the three walking duration groups of non-health-conscious walkers, there were significant differences in avoidance symptoms, the subdomain of IES-R (p = 0.01), but not in CES-D, K6, and total IES-R scores, considering the variants. Conclusion Our study suggests that walking durations may positively affect mood, but not PTSR, only when walking is performed with the purpose of maintaining healthy living habits. Walking durations were negatively associated with avoidance symptoms among non-health-conscious walkers in the community affected by the GEJE, indicating that the disaster may have had a long-lasting impact on walking habits.
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Takahashi Y, Ueki M, Yamada M, Tamiya G, Motoike IN, Saigusa D, Sakurai M, Nagami F, Ogishima S, Koshiba S, Kinoshita K, Yamamoto M, Tomita H. Improved metabolomic data-based prediction of depressive symptoms using nonlinear machine learning with feature selection. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:157. [PMID: 32427830 PMCID: PMC7237664 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To solve major limitations in algorithms for the metabolite-based prediction of psychiatric phenotypes, a novel prediction model for depressive symptoms based on nonlinear feature selection machine learning, the Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (HSIC Lasso) algorithm, was developed and applied to a metabolomic dataset with the largest sample size to date. In total, 897 population-based subjects were recruited from the communities affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake; 306 metabolite features (37 metabolites identified by nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and 269 characterized metabolites based on the intensities from mass spectrometry) were utilized to build prediction models for depressive symptoms as evaluated by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). The nested fivefold cross-validation was used for developing and evaluating the prediction models. The HSIC Lasso-based prediction model showed better predictive power than the other prediction models, including Lasso, support vector machine, partial least squares, random forest, and neural network. L-leucine, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, and gamma-linolenyl carnitine frequently contributed to the prediction. We have demonstrated that the HSIC Lasso-based prediction model integrating nonlinear feature selection showed improved predictive power for depressive symptoms based on metabolome data as well as on risk metabolites based on nonlinear statistics in the Japanese population. Further studies should use HSIC Lasso-based prediction models with different ethnicities to investigate the generality of each risk metabolite for predicting depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takahashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Masao Ueki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko N Motoike
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sakurai
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fuji Nagami
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Soichi Ogishima
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seizo Koshiba
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Institute for Development Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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Cerna-Turoff I, Kane JC, Devries K, Mercy J, Massetti G, Baiocchi M. Did internal displacement from the 2010 earthquake in Haiti lead to long-term violence against children? A matched pairs study design. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 102:104393. [PMID: 32062165 PMCID: PMC8168936 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empirical evidence is limited and contradictory on violence against children after internal displacement from natural disasters. Understanding how internal displacement affects violence is key in structuring effective prevention and response. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of internal displacement from the 2010 Haitian earthquake on long-term physical, emotional, and sexual violence against children and outlined a methodological framework to improve future evidence quality. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We analyzed violence against adolescent girls and boys within the nationally representative, Haiti Violence Against Children Survey. METHODS We pre-processed data by matching on pre-earthquake characteristics for displaced and non-displaced children and applied 95 % confidence intervals from McNemar's exact test, with sensitivity analyses, to evaluate differences in violence outcomes between matched pairs after the earthquake. RESULTS Internal displacement was not associated with past 12-month physical, emotional, and sexual violence two years after the earthquake for girls and boys. Most violence outcomes were robust to potential unmeasured confounding. Odds ratios for any form of violence against girls were 0.84 (95 % CI: 0.52-1.33, p = 0.500) and against boys were 1.03 (95 % CI: 0.61-1.73, p = 1.000). CONCLUSIONS Internal displacement was not a driver of long-term violence against children in Haiti. Current global protocols in disaster settings may initiate services after the optimal window of time to protect children from violence, and the post-displacement setting may be central in determining violence outcomes. The combination of specific data structures and matching methodologies is promising to increase evidence quality after rapid-onset natural disasters, especially in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Cerna-Turoff
- Global Health and Development - London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom.
| | - Jeremy C Kane
- Mental Health - Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Karen Devries
- Global Health and Development - London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
| | - James Mercy
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States
| | - Greta Massetti
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States
| | - Mike Baiocchi
- Medicine - Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, United States
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25
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West S, Visentin DC, Neil A, Kornhaber R, Ingham V, Cleary M. Forging, protecting, and repairing community resilience informed by the 2019-2020 Australian bushfires. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:1095-1097. [PMID: 31989653 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sancia West
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Denis C Visentin
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda Neil
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania
| | - Rachel Kornhaber
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Valerie Ingham
- Australian Graduate School of Policing & Security, Faculty of Business, Justice and Behavioural Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Cleary
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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26
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Seto M, Nemoto H, Kobayashi N, Kikuchi S, Honda N, Kim Y, Kelman I, Tomita H. Post-disaster mental health and psychosocial support in the areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake: a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:261. [PMID: 31455275 PMCID: PMC6712862 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies exploring the actual practices implemented for long-term mental health and psychosocial support after a natural disaster have been published. This study aimed to reveal (1) the types of activities that were actually provided as mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) in the long-term phase after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and (2) the problems that must be addressed to provide post-disaster MHPSS activities. METHODS An open-ended questionnaire was sent to organizations in the Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures that were potentially involved in providing MHPSS to communities affected by the GEJE. The organizations were asked to describe their activities and the problems that needed to be addressed to provide these support activities. The collected statements were analysed using content analysis with NVivo11. RESULTS The support activities conducted to provide MHPSS in the long-term phase after the catastrophe were diverse and classified into 7 major categories, namely, (1) one-on-one support for individuals in need of assistance, (2) support for collective activities, (3) support around living conditions and income, (4) increasing public awareness about mental health, (5) human resource development to improve response capabilities for MHPSS, (6) support for MHPSS providers, and (7) facilitating collaborations among the MHPSS activities provided to affected communities. Problems with human resources and funding were the most frequently mentioned concerns among the organizations participating in the survey. CONCLUSIONS The establishment of systems to collect and share sufficient and relevant knowledge and to coordinate organizations for long-term post-disaster postventions would be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Seto
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Harumi Nemoto
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | | | - Saya Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nami Honda
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kim
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- National Information Center of Disaster Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Ilan Kelman
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction and Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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Lee J, Blackmon BJ, Lee JY, Cochran DM, Rehner TA. An exploration of posttraumatic growth, loneliness, depression, resilience, and social capital among survivors of Hurricane Katrina and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:356-370. [PMID: 30207592 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among posttraumatic growth (PTG), loneliness, depression, psychological resilience, and social capital among survivors of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010. The survey was administered to a spatially stratified, random sample of households in the three coastal counties of Mississippi. A total of 216 participants were included in this study who lived in close proximity to the Gulf of Mexico coastline during both disasters. Results from structural equation modeling analyses indicated that there was a significant and inverse relationship between PTG and loneliness. Conversely, a direct relationship was not found between PTG and depressive symptoms; instead, the results revealed an indirect relationship between PTG and depressive symptoms through loneliness. Social capital was related to loneliness only indirectly through PTG, while psychological resilience was related to loneliness both directly and indirectly through PTG. Understanding the relationships among these factors, particularly the importance of PTG, can provide insight into the long-term adaptation among those who have survived multiple disasters. Further, these findings may lead to nuanced methods for behavioral health practitioners in assessing and treating individuals with symptoms of depression in disaster-prone communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohee Lee
- The University of Southern Mississippi, School of Social Work
| | - Bret J Blackmon
- The University of Southern Mississippi, School of Social Work
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Social Science, Policy & Evaluation
| | - David M Cochran
- The University of Southern Mississippi, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences
| | - Tim A Rehner
- The University of Southern Mississippi, School of Social Work
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28
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Ozaki A, Horiuchi S, Kobayashi Y, Inoue M, Aida J, Leppold C, Yamaoka K. Beneficial Roles of Social Support for Mental Health Vary in the Japanese Population depending on Disaster Experience: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2018; 246:213-223. [PMID: 30542048 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.246.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of social capital on mental health among the Japanese population with or without natural disaster experience. A nationwide cross-sectional study was performed in the population aged 15 to 79 years old. We collected data on psychological status, social capital, disaster experience in ten years prior to the survey, and socio-demographic information. We assessed cognitive social capital (perceptions of support, reciprocity and trust), social support (support from individuals in the community), and social participation (participation in social activities) as components of social capital. The study outcome was mild mood or anxiety disorder (hereafter mood/anxiety disorder), defined as the score of 5 or higher in the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). Using logistic regression models, we tested whether each component of social capital was associated with mood/anxiety disorder with or without disaster experience. Out of 1,200 participants, 1,183 had available K6 score data and were considered. Among three components of social capital, only social support significantly interacted with disaster experience (p = 0.019). In the population without disaster experience, those with high social support were less likely to have mood/anxiety disorder (OR 0.45, 95% Cl 0.28-0.73); however, no such association was observed among those with disaster experience (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.64-1.90). Thus, the protective effects of social support against mood/anxiety disorder vary in the Japanese population depending on disaster experience. The present study provides important insight into the role of social capital on mental health after natural disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ozaki
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University.,Department of Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation
| | | | - Yasuma Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University.,Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center
| | - Mariko Inoue
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University
| | - Jun Aida
- Center for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry.,Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Claire Leppold
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh
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29
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Mental Health Recovery of Evacuees and Residents from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident after Seven Years-Contribution of Social Network and a Desirable Lifestyle. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112381. [PMID: 30373233 PMCID: PMC6265751 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident resulted in the exposure to radiation and evacuation, which has created psychological distress among the Fukushima residents. With the provision of multi-faceted support and the progress of the reconstruction, their mental health has appeared to show signs of recovery. However, there have been few studies investigating their recovery. To clarify the related factors associated with mental health recovery, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted. Subjects whose answers were associated with Resilience, Recovery, and Remitting patterns of mental health status were categorized in the Recovery group, while those associated with Delayed/Chronic dysfunction were placed in the Non-recovered group. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, disaster-related unemployment (odds ratio (OR): 0.80, 95% CI (confidence interval): 0.65–0.99) and economic hardship (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65–0.98) were associated with the hindrance of recovery. In contrast, overall good health (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.20–1.80), regular physical activity (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01–1.50), social interaction with friends (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.00–1.55), and established social roles (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.14–1.82) were associated with the promotion of recovery. In conclusion, our study showed a positive association between mental health recovery and a desirable lifestyle and social network, particularly with social roles. Thus, the provision of active social roles can promote recovery related to a disaster as with multi-faceted support.
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Kusama T, Aida J, Sugiyama K, Matsuyama Y, Koyama S, Sato Y, Yamamoto T, Igarashi A, Tsuboya T, Osaka K. Does the Type of Temporary Housing Make a Difference in Social Participation and Health for Evacuees of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami? A Cross-Sectional Study. J Epidemiol 2018; 29:391-398. [PMID: 30344193 PMCID: PMC6737186 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20180080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the majority of survivors of the huge Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami evacuated to two types of temporary housings, prefabricated housing and rented housing, health effects of these different environments were unclear. We examined whether prevalent social participation in prefabricated housing brought larger health benefits than in rented housing using the largest health survey data of the disaster survivors. Methods This cross-sectional study used a 2012 survey by the Miyagi Prefectural Government, in which almost all of evacuees were targeted (response rate: 61.6%). Self-rated health (SRH) and psychological distress measured via K6 score were the dependent variables, and social participation was the independent variable. Odds ratios of the social participation on health variables were estimated using logistic regression models. To assess the contribution of social participation, the population attributable fraction (PAF) was estimated. Results The participants lived in prefabricated and rented housing numbered 19,726 and 28,270, respectively. Participants in prefabricated housing had poorer SRH and K6 than those in rented housing. The proportions of participants engaging in social participation of prefabricated and rented housing were 38.2% and 15.4%, respectively. The absence of social participation was significantly associated with poor SRH and K6 among participants in both housing types. The PAFs of social participation with good SRH were 39.5% in prefabricated housing and 14.4% in rented housing. For K6, the PAFs were 47.1% and 19.5% in prefabricated and rented housing, respectively. Conclusion Compared to the residents in rented housing, residents in prefabricated housing had more frequent opportunities for social participation, which was associated with larger health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kusama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry.,Miyagi Prefectural Government Office
| | - Kemmyo Sugiyama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yusuke Matsuyama
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU).,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Shihoko Koyama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry.,Division of Community Oral Health Science, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization
| | - Yukihiro Sato
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry.,Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University
| | - Takafumi Yamamoto
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Ayaka Igarashi
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Toru Tsuboya
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Ken Osaka
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry.,Disaster Medical Science Division, Disaster Related Oral Health, International Research Institute of Disaster Science
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31
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Misawa J, Ichikawa R, Shibuya A, Maeda Y, Hishiki T, Kondo Y. The prevalence of mental distress before the Great East Japan Earthquake and the associated impact of an aged society: An ecological study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203985. [PMID: 30256822 PMCID: PMC6157873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have determined that the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) caused mental distress among residents in affected areas. However, previous studies had not considered the prevalence of mental distress before the GEJE, and ignored the impact of an aged society on mental distress. Therefore, we aimed to describe the prevalence of mental distress before the GEJE in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan and elucidate the effect of an aged society on mental distress. We conducted an ecological study, using municipality in Miyagi Prefecture as the study unit. We used the cross-sectional mail survey data conducted in February 2011. We performed a correlation analysis in each of the 39 municipalities in Miyagi Prefecture. The prevalence of serious mental distress was 9.1%. The proportion of the population aged 65 years or older was related to the prevalence of serious mental distress in municipalities with a low proportion of all workers engaged in primary industry and with a high estimated number of inpatients with mental illness. We found that residents in Miyagi Prefecture suffered from poor mental health before the GEJE. Aged society was related to serious mental distress in the areas with advanced industrial structure and more patients with mental illness. We should approach mental health problems in the context of social structure, particularly in an aged society, based on facts about mental distress before the GEJE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimpei Misawa
- Department of Health Care Services Management, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Rie Ichikawa
- Department of Health Care Services Management, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Shibuya
- Department of Health Care Services Management, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Maeda
- Department of Health Care Services Management, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruyoshi Hishiki
- Department of Information Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kondo
- Department of Health Care Services Management, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Tsubota-Utsugi M, Yonekura Y, Tanno K, Nozue M, Shimoda H, Nishi N, Sakata K, Kobayashi S. Association between health risks and frailty in relation to the degree of housing damage among elderly survivors of the great East Japan earthquake. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:133. [PMID: 29898680 PMCID: PMC6001143 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred in 2011 were at risk of deteriorating health, especially elderly people living in disaster-stricken areas. The objectives of this prospective study were: a) to clarify the different lifestyle and psychosocial factors associated with frailty by sex among the non-disabled elderly survivors, and b) to describe the differences in characteristics stratified by the degree of disaster-related housing damage. Methods We followed 2261 Japanese survivors aged ≥65 years (45.3% male; mean age, 71.7 years) without disability or frailty who completed a self-administered questionnaire at baseline. All participants completed a baseline questionnaire in 2011 and at least one identical follow-up questionnaire between 2012 and 2015 regarding lifestyle (smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and dietary intake) and psychosocial factors (self-rated health, standard of living, psychological distress, and social networks). Frailty was defined as a score of ≥5 on the Kihon Checklist, which is used by the Japanese government to certify the need for long-term care insurance. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals with frailty as the dichotomous dependent variable and health factors as the independent variables were calculated using a multilevel model for repeated measures by sex, followed by stratification analyses by the degree of housing damage. Results Over the 4-year study period, 510 participants (22.6%) developed frailty. In the post-disaster setting, many of the psychosocial factors remained more prevalent 4 years later among survivors with extensive housing damage. The presence of risk factors regarding the development of frailty differed by the degree of housing damage. Among men, psychological distress, in parallel with a poor social network, was related to frailty among only the participants with extensive housing damage and those living in temporary housing, whereas among women, worsening psychological distress was associated only with no damage and no displaced survivors. Among women with extensive damage and displacement, health outcomes such as overweight and diabetes and poor social networks were strongly related to frailty. Conclusions Lifestyle and psychosocial factors associated with the risk of frailty differ by sex and the degree of housing damage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-018-0828-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tsubota-Utsugi
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.
| | - Y Yonekura
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Tanno
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - M Nozue
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Promotional Sciences, Tokoha University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - H Shimoda
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - N Nishi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Sakata
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - S Kobayashi
- Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
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Orui M, Suzuki Y, Goto A, Yasumura S. Factors Associated with Maintaining the Mental Health of Employees after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster: Findings from Companies Located in the Evacuation Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 15:ijerph15010053. [PMID: 29301235 PMCID: PMC5800152 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
After the nuclear disaster in Fukushima on 11 March 2011, some businesses were permitted to continue operating even though they were located in the evacuation area designated by the Japanese government. The aim of this study was to examine differences in the mental health status, workplace, living environment, and lifestyle of employees in the evacuation and non-evacuation areas. We also investigated factors related to their mental health status. Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from the questionnaire responses of 647 employees at three medium-sized manufacturing companies in the evacuation and non-evacuation areas. Through a cross-tabulation analysis, employees who worked at companies in the evacuation areas showed an increase in the duration of overtime work, work burden, and commute time, and had experienced separation from family members due to the radiation disaster and perceived radiation risks. The results of a multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, even in a harsh workplace and living environment, being younger, participating regularly in physical activity, having a social network (Lubben Social Network Scale-6 ≤ 12), laughing frequently, and feeling satisfied with one's workplace and domestic life were significantly associated with maintaining a healthy mental health status after the disaster. These findings are applicable for workers' health management measures after disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Orui
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Yuriko Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Aya Goto
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
- Center for Integrated Science and Humanities & International Community health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
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Noncommunicable Diseases After the Great East Japan Earthquake: Systematic Review, 2011-2016. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2017; 12:396-407. [PMID: 29032775 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2017.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including mental disorders, have become major threats to human health worldwide. People with NCDs are particularly vulnerable to disasters. We systematically reviewed reports describing studies of NCDs at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) to clarify the circumstances of people with NCDs and to build strong measures to support them. METHODS Relevant articles published from March 2011 through December 2016 were collected by searching the PubMed database (National Library of Medicine). We specifically examined reports describing NCDs and including the key words "East Japan Earthquake." NCDs included every disease type aside from injury and infectious disease. RESULTS We collected 160 relevant articles, 41 of which described NCDs that existed in residents before the GEJE. Articles describing respiratory diseases and mental illnesses were found most frequently. Interruption of regular treatment was the most frequent problem, followed by lack of surveillance capacity. We found 101 reports describing NCDs that had developed after the GEJE, of which 60% were related to mental health issues. CONCLUSIONS NCDs pose major health issues after large-scale disasters. Establishment of strong countermeasures against interruption of treatment and surveillance systems to ascertain medical needs for NCDs are necessary to prepare for future disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018; 12: 396-407).
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