1
|
Liu C, Wang R, Ge S, Wang B, Li S, Yan B. Research status and challenges of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: A bibliometric and visualization analysis from 2011 to 2023. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37521. [PMID: 38489686 PMCID: PMC10939570 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections occur in regional outbreaks every 3 to 7 years, lasting up to 2 years. Since this fall, there has been a significant rise in MP infections among children in China, indicating a regional epidemiological trend that imposes an increased national public health burden. To date, bibliometric methods have not been applied to studies on MP infection in children. METHODS We searched for all relevant English publications on MP pneumonia in children published from 2011 to 2023 using Web of Science. Analytical software tools such as Citespace and VOSviewer were employed to analyze the collected literature. RESULTS 993 articles on MP pneumonia in children were published in 338 academic journals by 5062 authors affiliated with 1381 institutions across 75 countries/regions. China led in global productivity with 56.19%. Among the top 10 prolific organizations, 8 were Chinese institutions, with Soochow University being the most active, followed by Capital Medical University and Zhejiang University. Zhimin Chen from Zhejiang University School of Medicine exhibited the highest H-index of 32. Keyword co-occurrence network analysis revealed 7 highly relevant clusters. CONCLUSION The current research hotspots and frontiers in this field are primarily MP pneumonia, refractory MP pneumonia, lactate dehydrogenase, asthma, and biomarker. We anticipate that this work will provide novel insights for advancing scientific exploration and the clinical application of MP pneumonia in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyi Ge
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Binding Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siman Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bohua Yan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carballido-Vázquez AM, Volo V, Vega-López TL, Santamarina-Albertos AS, Garabito-Solovera EL, Martínez-García G, Manchado-López P. Recurrent reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) secondary to Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in an adult. Australas J Dermatol 2023; 64:537-543. [PMID: 37823565 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The terminology surrounding the clinical syndrome characterized by acute mucositis with minimal skin involvement has been a subject of debate over time. In recent years, terms such as mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis and reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) have been introduced to encompass milder mucocutaneous diseases associated with respiratory infections, with implications for management and prognosis. We report the first case of recurrent RIME associated with Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in an adult patient. RIME is likely underreported due to misclassification and a lack of testing for potential pathogens. Early recognition of recurrent RIME is of particular interest from the patient's perspective to reduce the frequency and duration of hospital admissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Volo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Teresa L Vega-López
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miller AE, Zhang D, Shields BE, Borghesi A, Benincaso AR, Bernardo L, Ramien M, Lara-Corrales I, Kirkorian AY, Maguiness S, Drolet B. COVID-19 associated severe mucocutaneous blistering eruptions: A case series. Pediatr Dermatol 2023; 40:990-995. [PMID: 37526023 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Mucocutaneous eruptions are associated with numerous infectious processes and can present as erythema multiforme (EM), reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME), Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS), or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Limited reports have detailed the association of these eruptions with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We present a series of eight cases of severe mucocutaneous blistering eruptions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A retrospective case series was performed at six tertiary medical centers from March 1, 2020 to August 1, 2022. Inclusion criteria were met with a clinical diagnosis of EM, RIME, SJS, or TEN and a positive SARS-CoV-2 test (rapid antigen or polymerase chain reaction) less than 4 weeks prior to onset of dermatologic manifestation. Data was collected at time of each patient encounter. Eight patients met criteria with six pediatric patients (<18 years of age) having a median age of 15 years and two adult patients (>18 years of age) having a median age of 36 years. Patients were found to have a clinical diagnosis of RIME in 85.7% of cases. Oral mucosal involvement was the most common clinical finding (100%), followed by ocular (50.0%), urogenital (50.0%), and skin (37.5%) involvement. Evaluation did not reveal any additional infectious triggers in four patients. Evidence of possible concurrent or previous infectious triggers were identified in four patients. This case series highlights the development of severe mucocutaneous eruptions in association with COVID-19 infection, as well as the potential contributing role of concurrent or prior infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Miller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Donglin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bridget E Shields
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Luca Bernardo
- ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Pediatric Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ramien
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Irene Lara-Corrales
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Sheilagh Maguiness
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Beth Drolet
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ortiz EG, Junkins‐Hopkins JM. Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption due to COVID-19 with erythema-multiforme-like lesions and myeloid cells. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:321-325. [PMID: 36194075 PMCID: PMC9874869 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) is a recently described entity in which there is prominent mucositis, most commonly involving the oral and urogenital mucosa, secondary to a variety of pathogens. There is typically minimal cutaneous involvement in RIME. This contrasts with erythema multiforme (EM) in which characteristic targetoid lesions predominate, usually in isolation (EM minor), but in a subset of cases, with severe mucositis (EM major). While the histopathologic features of RIME have not been as well defined, those of EM are characterized by epidermal apoptosis and interface dermatitis with lymphocytes making up the predominant cell type. We report a unique case of RIME in a 16-year-old male with COVID-19 characterized by significant mucositis involving the oral and genital mucosa, as well as numerous targetoid lesions on the trunk and extremities. Histopathologically, there was an inflammatory infiltrate obscuring and disrupting the epidermal interface, associated with epidermal necrosis, and blister formation. The infiltrate was composed of cells with irregular, non-segmented and elongate nuclei, with myeloid and histiocytoid cytomorphology. The cells were positive for myeloperoxidase, CD68, and CD163 (subset) suggesting myeloid lineage. RIME is a rarely reported COVID-19-related eruption, and targetoid lesions and myeloid interface reactions have not been described with RIME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo G. Ortiz
- Department of DermatologyGeisinger Medical CenterDanvillePennsylvaniaUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stevens-Johnson syndrome in children. Curr Opin Pediatr 2022; 34:341-348. [PMID: 35836393 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The concept of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) in children is evolving. This manuscript reviews recent advances with the lens of new terminology namely infection-triggered reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption and drug-induced epidermal necrolysis, with the objective of integrating this novel terminology practically. RECENT FINDINGS Traditionally considered to exist on a spectrum with toxic epidermal necrolysis, SJS in children is more often caused or triggered by infections instead of medications. Proposed pediatric-specific terminology can be applied to literature to gain further insights into blistering severe cutaneous adverse reactions. SUMMARY Distinguishing infection-triggered from drug-triggered blistering reactions is useful for 3 main reasons: (1) early clinically recognizable different features such as isolated or predominant mucositis, (2) different initial management depending on trigger, (3) avoiding the label of a drug reaction on cases triggered by infection.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tonkin R, Ladha M, Johnson N, Astle WF, Britton A, Shear NH, Murguía-Favela L, Ramien M. Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption – repeat etanercept after intravenous immunoglobulin: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2022; 10:2050313X221117887. [PMID: 36003890 PMCID: PMC9393491 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x221117887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption is a recently distinguished mucosal-predominant blistering eruption triggered by respiratory infections. We describe a previously healthy 11-year-old Black female with rapidly progressive mucocutaneous blistering after prodromal respiratory infection symptoms. Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption was suspected and treated with systemic corticosteroids followed by etanercept. Twenty-four hours after etanercept, the diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children was raised and intravenous immunoglobulin was given. Rapidly worsening mucocutaneous disease ensued but was controlled by a second dose of etanercept. Our case highlights the following: (1) the novel observation of possible interaction/neutralization of etanercept by intravenous immunoglobulin, (2) the challenging differential diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children for reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption patients in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and (3) the role of early treatment to prevent dyspigmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Tonkin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Malika Ladha
- Department of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Johnson
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - William F Astle
- Pediatric Ophthalmology, Vision Clinic, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ami Britton
- Wound Care/Surgery Clinic Nurse, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Neil H Shear
- Department of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luis Murguía-Favela
- Section of Hematology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michele Ramien
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Division of Community Pediatrics (Dermatology), Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen N, Li M. Case Report and Literature Review: Clinical Characteristics of 10 Children With Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Induced Rash and Mucositis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:823376. [PMID: 35311047 PMCID: PMC8927760 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.823376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) is a rare disease, which has not been reported in northern China previously. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of 10 cases of MIRM in order to help clinicians to identify MIRM and to distinguish it from the similar mucositis and cutaneous characteristics of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. All 10 children included in the study had MIRM with skin and mucosal symptoms, but the characteristics of the skin and mucosal lesions differed by age. Most of the older children had sparse erythema and a vesicular rash, but the younger children had dense erythema without blisters but with purulent exudation. The mucositis was relatively mild in the younger children. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the levels of C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer were significantly elevated in most children with MIRM. Concomitant treatment of glucocorticoids and/or IVIG with macrolides may shorten the duration of fever and accelerate the clinical recovery. Additional case reports are needed to improve knowledge of the characteristics of MIRM and its response to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vassallo C, Ruffo Di Calabria V, Isoletta E, Biscarini S, Di Filippo A, Brazzelli V. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption: A case series of 5 patients. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 17:152-156. [PMID: 34754894 PMCID: PMC8556596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Vassallo
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Ruffo Di Calabria
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Isoletta
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Biscarini
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Filippo
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Brazzelli
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Valle J, Nasrollahi F, Eilbert W. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis: A case report. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 54:324.e5-324.e7. [PMID: 34642080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) is a recently defined clinical entity characterized by pneumonia caused by M. pneumoniae with associated mucositis and frequent cutaneous lesions of a characteristic pattern. Although often similar in presentation, MIRM has distinct clinical and histologic features that are different from erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. We report a case of MIRM in a nine-year-old boy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Valle
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Room 469 CME, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
| | - Farrah Nasrollahi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Room 469 CME, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
| | - Wesley Eilbert
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Room 469 CME, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Drago F, Ciccarese G, Merlo G, Trave I, Javor S, Rebora A, Parodi A. Oral and cutaneous manifestations of viral and bacterial infections: Not only COVID-19 disease. Clin Dermatol 2021; 39:384-404. [PMID: 34517997 PMCID: PMC7849469 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Globalization entails several medical problems along with economic and social complications. Migrations from other continents, increasing numbers of tourists worldwide, and importation of foreign parasites (eg, Aedes albopictus) have made diseases previously unknown in Europe a reality. The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic throughout the world is a warning that other epidemics are still possible. Most, if not all of these diseases, transmitted by viruses or bacteria, present with cutaneous symptoms and signs that are highly important for a speedy diagnosis, a fundamental concept for arresting the diseases and saving lives. Dermatologists play a significant role in delineating cutaneous and mucosal lesions that are often lumped together as dermatitis. We provide a review of many of these cutaneous and mucosal lesions that sometimes are forgotten or even ignored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Drago
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, Genoa, Italy; DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Ciccarese
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Merlo
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Via Venezia 16, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ilaria Trave
- DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sanja Javor
- Dermatology Unit, Galliera Hospital, Via Mura delle Cappuccine 14, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Rebora
- DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, Genoa, Italy; DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song A, Nicholson C, Maguiness S. Recurrent reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) in two adolescents triggered by several distinct pathogens including SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:1222-1225. [PMID: 34515364 PMCID: PMC8646723 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) was proposed as new terminology to encompass postinfectious mucocutaneous eruptions. The term includes all postinfectious mucocutaneous eruptions such as the widely reported Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM). Very few reports in the literature regarding recurrent RIME are found. We present two adolescent cases of recurrent RIME that involve SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A where the latter is a newly reported infectious trigger; in both patients, the initial episode was likely triggered by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Song
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cynthia Nicholson
- University of Minnesota Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Frantz R, Huang S, Are A, Motaparthi K. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Review of Diagnosis and Management. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:895. [PMID: 34577817 PMCID: PMC8472007 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are rare diseases that are characterized by widespread epidermal necrosis and sloughing of skin. They are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and early diagnosis and treatment is critical in achieving favorable outcomes for patients. In this scoping review, Excerpta Medica dataBASE and PubMed were searched for publications that addressed recent advances in the diagnosis and management of the disease. Multiple proteins (galectin 7 and RIP3) were identified that are promising potential biomarkers for SJS/TEN, although both are still in early phases of research. Regarding treatment, cyclosporine is the most effective therapy for the treatment of SJS, and a combination of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and corticosteroids is most effective for SJS/TEN overlap and TEN. Due to the rare nature of the disease, there is a lack of prospective, randomized controlled trials and conducting these in the future would provide valuable insights into the management of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Frantz
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA; (R.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Simo Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
| | - Abhirup Are
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA; (R.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Kiran Motaparthi
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA; (R.F.); (A.A.)
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reactive Infectious Mucosal Eruptions (RIME) Secondary to Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection. REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reports4020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive infectious mucosal eruptions (RIME) following Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is a rare and poorly understood clinical presentation that can pose a diagnostic challenge. We report the case of a previously healthy 21-year old male with a cough, fever, numerous penile and mouth ulcers, and severe conjunctivitis. Several differential diagnoses, including Herpes simplex infection, were considered before Chlamydia pneumoniae was established as the causative agent. The patient’s condition improved following treatment with clarithromycin and prednisolone tablets, and he had almost fully recovered at follow-up 10 days after discharge.
Collapse
|
14
|
De Luigi G, Meoli M, Zgraggen L, Kottanattu L, Simonetti GD, Terrani I, Bianchetti MG, Lava SA, Milani GP. Mucosal Respiratory Syndrome: A Systematic Literature Review. Dermatology 2021; 238:53-59. [PMID: 33774629 PMCID: PMC8089407 DOI: 10.1159/000514815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae atypical pneumonia is frequently associated with erythema multiforme. Occasionally, a mycoplasma infection does not trigger any cutaneous but exclusively mucosal lesions. The term mucosal respiratory syndrome is employed to denote the latter condition. Available reviews do not address the possible association of mucosal respiratory syndrome with further atypical bacterial pathogens such as Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, or Legionella species. We therefore performed a systematic review of the literature addressing this issue in the National Library of Medicine, Excerpta Medica, and Web of Science databases. SUMMARY We found 63 patients (≤18 years, n = 36; >18 years, n = 27; 54 males and 9 females) affected by a mucosal respiratory syndrome. Fifty-three cases were temporally associated with a M. pneumoniae and 5 with a C. pneumoniae infection. No cases temporally associated with C. psittaci, C. burnetii, F. tularensis, or Legionella species infection were found. Two cases were temporally associated with Epstein-Barr virus or influenzavirus B, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Meoli
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Lisa Kottanattu
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo D. Simonetti
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Terrani
- Department of Dermatology Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Sebastiano A.G. Lava
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregorio P. Milani
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brazel D, Kulp B, Bautista G, Bonwit A. Rash and Mucositis Associated With Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae: A Recurrence of MIRM? J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:220-224. [PMID: 32275058 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A new concept has come to light recently, that is, Mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM). Here, we report the first case of recurrent rash, mucositis, and conjunctivitis involving Mycoplasma pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae that fits under the criteria of what is currently defined as MIRM. CASE PRESENTATION A patient aged 12 years with a history of recurrent aphthous ulcers presented in 2013 with worsening oral lesions, conjunctivitis, and vesicular rash. Her respiratory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel was positive for M. pneumoniae. She was diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) secondary to M. pneumoniae and treated with a macrolide, acyclovir, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The same patient returned 3 years later with an identical constellation of symptoms, at which time her PCR was positive for C. pneumoniae. In addition to IVIG and a macrolide, a corticosteroid treatment was administered. DISCUSSION Here, we present the case of a pediatric patient with a recurrence of mucocutaneous disease that is more consistent with MIRM than the proposed SJS or erythema multiforme (EM) documented via histology. Our patient's symptoms were controlled with azithromycin and IVIG and, in the second episode, with corticosteroids as well. This case adds to that of Mayor-Ibarguren et al, providing further evidence that C. pneumonia may also be a trigger for MIRM. Patients will benefit from expanding the definition of MIRM, as the pathogenesis differs from SJS and EM and could result in more specific treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brooke Kulp
- Department of Pediatrics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Geoanna Bautista
- Department of Pediatrics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Bonwit
- Department of Pediatrics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gise R, Elhusseiny AM, Scelfo C, Mantagos IS. Ocular involvement in recurrent infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME): a variation on a theme. J AAPOS 2021; 25:62-64. [PMID: 33348041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present 2 cases of pediatric patients with reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption with ophthalmic involvement. In both cases, the disease processes behaved similarly to that seen in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis. Visual outcomes were good.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Gise
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Abdelrahman M Elhusseiny
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christina Scelfo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Iason S Mantagos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gámez-González LB, Peña-Varela C, Ramírez-López JM, Yamazaki-Nakashimada MA. Adenoviral-induced rash and mucositis: Expanding the spectrum of reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:306-308. [PMID: 33063905 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mucocutaneous eruptions associated with respiratory pathogens, specifically Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), has recently been described as a MIRM (MP-induced rash and mucositis). The term reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) has been proposed, since non-MP pathogens may also cause a similar rash and mucositis. We report two cases with clinical manifestations suggestive of MIRM/RIME, both with documented adenovirus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Peña-Varela
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Infantil Especialidades de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meyer Sauteur PM, Theiler M, Buettcher M, Seiler M, Weibel L, Berger C. Frequency and Clinical Presentation of Mucocutaneous Disease Due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia. JAMA Dermatol 2020; 156:144-150. [PMID: 31851288 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Importance The diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection as the cause of mucocutaneous disease is challenging because current diagnostic tests are not able to differentiate M pneumoniae infection from carriage. Objective To examine the frequency and clinical presentation of M pneumoniae-induced mucocutaneous disease in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) using improved diagnostics. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective, longitudinal cohort study included 152 children aged 3 to 18 years with CAP enrolled in a CAP study from May 1, 2016, to April 30, 2017, at the University Children's Hospital Zurich. Children were inpatients or outpatients with clinically defined CAP according to the British Thoracic Society guidelines. Data analysis was performed from July 10, 2017, to June 29, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Frequency and clinical presentation of M pneumoniae-induced mucocutaneous disease in childhood CAP. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of oropharyngeal samples and confirmed with the measurement of specific peripheral blood IgM antibody-secreting cells by enzyme-linked immunospot assay to differentiate M pneumoniae-infected patients from carriers with CAP caused by other pathogens. Mucocutaneous disease was defined as any eruptive lesion that involved skin and/or mucous membranes occurring during the CAP episode. Results Among 152 enrolled children with CAP (median [interquartile range] age, 5.7 [4.3-8.9] years; 84 [55.3%] male), 44 (28.9%) tested positive for M pneumoniae by PCR; of these, 10 children (22.7%) developed mucocutaneous lesions. All 10 patients with mucocutaneous eruptions tested positive for specific IgM antibody-secreting cells. Skin manifestations were found in 3 cases (2.8%) of M pneumoniae PCR-negative CAP (P < .001). The spectrum of M pneumoniae-induced mucocutaneous disease included M pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (3 cases [6.8%]), urticaria (2 cases [4.5%]), and maculopapular skin eruptions (5 cases [11.4%]). Two patients had ocular involvement as the sole mucosal manifestation (bilateral anterior uveitis and nonpurulent conjunctivitis). Patients with M pneumoniae-induced mucocutaneous disease had longer duration of prodromal fever (median [interquartile range], 10.5 [8.3-11.8] vs 7.0 [5.5-9.5] days; P = .02) and higher C-reactive protein levels (median [interquartile range], 31 [22-59] vs 16 [7-23] mg/L; P = .04) than patients with CAP due to M pneumoniae without mucocutaneous manifestations. They were also more likely to require oxygen (5 [50%] vs 1 [5%]; P = .007), to require hospitalization (7 [70%] vs 4 [19%]; P = .01), and to develop long-term sequelae (3 [30%] vs 0; P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance Mucocutaneous disease occurred significantly more frequently in children with CAP due to M pneumoniae than in children with CAP of other origins. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced mucocutaneous disease was associated with increased systemic inflammation, morbidity, and a higher risk of long-term sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Meyer Sauteur
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Theiler
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Dermatology Department, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Buettcher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Seiler
- Emergency Department, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Weibel
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Dermatology Department, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Berger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gandelman JS, Kim EY, Grzegorczyk AM, Zejnullahu K, Edson RS. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Induced Rash and Mucositis in a Previously Healthy Man: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa437. [PMID: 33094121 PMCID: PMC7568429 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We describe a case of a 33-year-old-male with Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis and review the literature on this newly described syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn S Gandelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Y Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anne M Grzegorczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kreshnik Zejnullahu
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Randall S Edson
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ramien ML. Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption: Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis and other parainfectious eruptions. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 46:420-429. [PMID: 32918499 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis is the most accurate diagnosis for patients with blistering mucocutaneous disease provoked by an infection. Recent literature suggests expansion of the name is required, as other infections have caused a clinically similar presentation. This review provides a concise update on current understanding of M. pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis and other reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Ramien
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cummings School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cummings School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are rare severe blistering skin reactions triggered by medications or infections. Over the last 5 to 10 years, a number of important publications have advanced understanding of these diseases and their response to treatment. Importantly, a subset of patients with disease triggered by infection has been identified as having Mycoplasma pneumoniae–induced rash and mucositis, suggesting a reconsideration of the diagnostic paradigm. We present an update on pediatric Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in the broader context of cutaneous adverse drug reactions and focus on challenges and recent advances in diagnosis, management, and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ramien
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Dr NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Goldman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
De Luigi G, Zgraggen L, Kottanattu L, Simonetti GD, Terraneo L, Vanoni F, Terrani I, Bianchetti MG, Lava SAG, Milani GP. Skin and Mucous Membrane Eruptions Associated with Chlamydophila Pneumoniae Respiratory Infections: Literature Review. Dermatology 2020; 237:230-235. [PMID: 32222707 DOI: 10.1159/000506460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is sometimes associated with skin or mucous membrane eruptions. Available reviews do not address the association of Chlamydophila pneumoniae pneumonia with skin eruptions. We therefore conducted a systematic review of the literature addressing this issue. The National Library of Medicine, Excerpta Medica, and Web of Science databases were employed. SUMMARY In two reports, skin lesions and especially urticaria were more common (p < 0.05) in atypical pneumonia caused by C. pneumoniae as compared with M. pneumoniae. We found 47 patients (<18 years, n = 16; ≥18 years, n = 31) affected by a C. pneumoniae atypical pneumonia, which was associated with erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme minus, erythema multiforme majus, isolated mucositis, or cutaneous vasculitis. We also found the case of a boy with C. pneumoniae pneumonia and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. We did not find any case of C. pneumoniae respiratory infection associated with either Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta Mucha-Habermann, or varicella-like skin eruptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Zgraggen
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Kottanattu
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo D Simonetti
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Terraneo
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Federica Vanoni
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Terrani
- Department of Dermatology Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mario G Bianchetti
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano A G Lava
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,
| | - Gregorio P Milani
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Childhood exanthems are commonly encountered by pediatricians in the hospital and the office. In the last several decades, we have seen a shift in the epidemiology of many of these diseases. After being deemed eliminated at the turn of 21st century, measles has experienced a resurgence secondary to falling vaccination rates, raising public health concerns. A new variant of hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by coxsackievirus A6 has been associated with more widespread and atypical disease, which can present diagnostic challenges to clinicians. Parvovirus B19, which is traditionally associated with fifth disease, is also the leading cause of papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome, a rare condition with which providers may be unfamiliar. Since the introduction of routine vaccination, there has been a shift in the epidemiology and clinical presentation of primary varicella and herpes zoster. Finally, the recently described phenomenon of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis will be discussed. [Pediatr Ann. 2020;49(3):e116-e123.].
Collapse
|
24
|
Umapathi KK, Tuli J, Menon S. Chlamydia pneumonia - induced mucositis. Pediatr Neonatol 2019; 60:697-698. [PMID: 31239206 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagdeep Tuli
- Metro Health Medical Center - Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sruthi Menon
- Metro Health Medical Center - Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Goyal A, Hook K. Two pediatric cases of influenza B-induced rash and mucositis: Stevens-Johnson syndrome or expansion of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash with mucositis (MIRM) spectrum? Pediatr Dermatol 2019; 36:929-931. [PMID: 31576583 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We present two pediatric cases of recurrent mucositis associated with influenza B infection, both in patients with prior episodes of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) due to Mycoplasma. Influenza B is an uncommon cause of both rash and mucosistis and SJS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Goyal
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kristen Hook
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
McPherson T, Exton LS, Biswas S, Creamer D, Dziewulski P, Newell L, Tabor KL, Wali GN, Walker G, Walker R, Walker S, Young AE, Mohd Mustapa MF, Murphy R. British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in children and young people, 2018. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:37-54. [PMID: 30829411 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T McPherson
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LE, U.K
| | - L S Exton
- British Association of Dermatologists, Willan House, 4 Fitzroy Square, London, W1T 5HQ, U.K
| | - S Biswas
- Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, U.K
| | - D Creamer
- Department of Dermatology, King's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 9RS, U.K
| | - P Dziewulski
- St Andrews Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, Chelmsford, CM1 7ET, U.K
| | - L Newell
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, U.K
| | - K L Tabor
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - G N Wali
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LE, U.K
| | | | | | | | - A E Young
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, U.K
| | - M F Mohd Mustapa
- British Association of Dermatologists, Willan House, 4 Fitzroy Square, London, W1T 5HQ, U.K
| | - R Murphy
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF, U.K.,Department of Dermatology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, U.K.,University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cherukuri P, Bartenstein DW, Hawryluk EB. Pediatric Inpatient Dermatology: New Insights on Severe Eruptions and Cutaneous Adverse Reactions. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-018-0242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Ingen-Housz-Oro S, Duong TA, Bensaid B, Bellon N, de Prost N, Lu D, Lebrun-Vignes B, Gueudry J, Bequignon E, Zaghbib K, Royer G, Colin A, Do-Pham G, Bodemer C, Ortonne N, Barbaud A, Fardet L, Chosidow O, Wolkenstein P. Epidermal necrolysis French national diagnosis and care protocol (PNDS; protocole national de diagnostic et de soins). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:56. [PMID: 29636107 PMCID: PMC5894129 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal necrolysis (EN) encompasses Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS, < 10% of the skin affected), Lyell syndrome (toxic epidermal necrolysis, TEN, with ≥30% of the skin affected) and an overlap syndrome (10 to 29% of the skin affected). These rare diseases are caused, in 85% of cases, by pharmacological treatments, with symptoms occurring 4 to 28 days after treatment initiation. Mortality is 20 to 25% during the acute phase, and almost all patients display disabling sequelae (mostly ocular impairment and psychological distress). The objective of this French national diagnosis and care protocol (protocole national de diagnostic et de soins; PNDS), based on a critical literature review and on a multidisciplinary expert consensus, is to provide health professionals with an explanation of the optimal management and care of patients with EN. This PNDS, written by the French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses was updated in 2017 (https://www.has-sante.fr/portail/jcms/c_1012735/fr/necrolyse-epidermique-syndromes-de-stevens-johnson-et-de-lyell). The cornerstone of the management of these patients during the acute phase is an immediate withdrawal of the responsible drug, patient management in a dermatology department, intensive care or burn units used to dealing with this disease, supportive care and close monitoring, the prevention and treatment of infections, and a multidisciplinary approach to sequelae. Based on published data, it is not currently possible to recommend any specific immunomodulatory treatment. Only the culprit drug and chemically similar molecules must be lifelong contraindicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Ingen-Housz-Oro
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 avenue du maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000, Créteil, France. .,French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France. .,EA7379 EpiDermE (Epidemiologie en Dermatologie et Evaluation des Thérapeutiques), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), Créteil, France.
| | - Tu-Anh Duong
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 avenue du maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000, Créteil, France.,French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France
| | - Benoit Bensaid
- French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France.,Dermatology Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalia Bellon
- French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France.,Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas de Prost
- French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France.,Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Dévy Lu
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 avenue du maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000, Créteil, France.,French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France
| | - Bénédicte Lebrun-Vignes
- French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France.,Pharmacovigilance Department, AP-HP, La Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Julie Gueudry
- French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France.,Ophthalmology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Emilie Bequignon
- French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France.,Ear Nose and Throat Department, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Karim Zaghbib
- French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France.,Psychiatry Department, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Gérard Royer
- French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France.,Ophthalmology Department, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Audrey Colin
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 avenue du maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000, Créteil, France.,French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France
| | - Giao Do-Pham
- French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France.,Dermatology Department, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Christine Bodemer
- French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France.,Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Ortonne
- French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France.,Pathology Department, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Annick Barbaud
- French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France.,Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Fardet
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 avenue du maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000, Créteil, France.,French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France.,EA7379 EpiDermE (Epidemiologie en Dermatologie et Evaluation des Thérapeutiques), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Chosidow
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 avenue du maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000, Créteil, France.,French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France.,EA7379 EpiDermE (Epidemiologie en Dermatologie et Evaluation des Thérapeutiques), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Pierre Wolkenstein
- Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, 51 avenue du maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000, Créteil, France.,French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses, Créteil, France.,EA7379 EpiDermE (Epidemiologie en Dermatologie et Evaluation des Thérapeutiques), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | | |
Collapse
|