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Hellénius ML, Andermo S, Nordenfelt A, Lidin M, Nyberg L, Nyberg G. Negative associations between step-up height and waist circumference in 8-year-old children and their parents. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:1900-1907. [PMID: 38752666 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM To study cross-sectional relationships between step-up height and waist circumference (WC), a potential proxy for sarcopenic obesity, in Swedish children and parents. METHODS Participants were recruited from Swedish schools in disadvantaged areas in 2017. Height, body weight, WC and maximal step-up height were measured in 67 eight-year-old children and parents: 58 mothers, with a mean age of 38.5 and 32 fathers, with a mean age of 41.3. Sedentary time and physical activity were registered by an accelerometer. Associations between maximal step-up height and WC were analysed using Pearson's correlation and adjusted linear regression. RESULTS Abdominal obesity, WC ≥ 66 centimetres (cm) in children, ≥88 cm in women and ≥102 cm in men, was observed in 13% and 35% of girls and boys, and in 53% and 34% among mothers and fathers, respectively. Negative associations between maximal step-up height and WC were found for children (r = -0.37, p = 0.002) and adults (mothers r = -0.58, p < 0.001, fathers r = -0.48, p = 0.006). The associations remained after adjustments for height, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity in adults. Reduced muscle strength clustered within families (r = 0.54, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Associations between reduced muscle strength and abdominal obesity were observed in children and parents. Sarcopenic obesity may need more attention in children. Our findings support family interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Andermo
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Matthias Lidin
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Nyberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Gisela Nyberg
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kocaaga E, Inal-Ince D, Dogru D, Alikasifoglu A, Ademhan-Tural D, Bozdemir-Ozel C, Calik-Kutukcu E, Saglam M, Vardar-Yagli N, Emiralioglu N. Exercise performance in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis with and without abnormal glucose tolerance: a single center cross-sectional study. Physiother Theory Pract 2024; 40:230-240. [PMID: 36043898 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2116300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) in cystic fibrosis (CF) affects lung function and clinical parameters, including aerobic fitness. However, its effects on physical activity level (PAL), anaerobic power (AP), and muscle strength (MS) in children and adolescents are unknown. PURPOSE To investigate aerobic fitness, PAL, AP, and MS in pediatric patients with mild-to-moderate CF and AGT. METHODS The study included children and adolescents with CF aged 10-18 years. Participants underwent a pulmonary function test, quadriceps, and handgrip MS measurement, vertical jump test to assess AP, and six-minute walk test (6MWT) to assess aerobic fitness. Bouchard's Three-Day Physical Activity record was used to determine PAL. RESULTS Height z-score (p = .006), 6MWT (p = .024), handgrip (p = .028), quadriceps MS (p = .044), and AP (p = .036) were significantly lower in AGT (n = 21) than normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 19). In the AGT group, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was significantly associated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (p = .046). 6MWT distance (6MWD) was associated with height (p = .008), FEV1 (p = .001), forced vital capacity (FVC) (p = .001), forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% (FEF25-75%) (p = .030), handgrip MS (p = .012), and PAL (p = .034). After adjusting for height and FEV1, the groups had similar 6MWD, MS, and AP (p > .05); also, insulin was associated with MS and AP but not with 6MWT or quadriceps MS. CONCLUSION Measures of aerobic fitness, MS, and AP are lower in AGT, but after adjusting for height and FEV1, aerobic fitness, MS, and AP do not show substantial differences. Insulin sensitivity and resistance are associated with MS and AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kocaaga
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Samanpazari, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Inal-Ince
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Samanpazari, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Dogru
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Chest Medicine, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Alikasifoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilber Ademhan-Tural
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Chest Medicine, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemile Bozdemir-Ozel
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Meselik Campus, Eskisehir Osman Gazi University, Odunpazarı, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ebru Calik-Kutukcu
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Samanpazari, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melda Saglam
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Samanpazari, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naciye Vardar-Yagli
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Samanpazari, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nagehan Emiralioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Chest Medicine, Sihhiye Campus, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Manzano-Sánchez D, Gómez-Mármol A, Gómez-López M. Body Mass Index: Influence on Interpersonal Style, Basic Psychological Needs, Motivation, and Physical Activity Intention in Physical Education-Differences between Gender and Educational Stage. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:1015. [PMID: 38131871 PMCID: PMC10740544 DOI: 10.3390/bs13121015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research study's main objective was to find out whether there is a relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and the psychological aspects related to motivation, needs such as autonomy, competence, and social relationships, and the intention of being physically active in Physical Education students in Primary and Secondary Education. To achieve this, a total of 574 students (mean = 13.66; standard deviation = 1.96) participated in this study, to whom a series of questionnaires was administered once permission had been obtained from the centers the students attended, alongside the latter's acceptance to participate in the study. The main results showed that the students with a higher BMI were those who had lower self-determined motivation values with regard to the three basic psychological needs observed and the intention of physical activity. In turn, our differential analysis identified that the students attending Primary Education had lower values of BMI, motivation, and intention to be physically active than the students attending Secondary Education, without finding differences based on the gender of the participants. The need to keep on investigating this topic is consequently gathered, using direct techniques for measuring BMI or proposing mixed research designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Manzano-Sánchez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Alberto Gómez-Mármol
- Department of Didactics of Plastic, Musical and Dynamic Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Manuel Gómez-López
- Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain
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Is the Leptin/Adiponectin Ratio a Better Diagnostic Biomarker for Insulin Resistance than Leptin or Adiponectin Alone in Adolescents? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9081193. [PMID: 36010082 PMCID: PMC9406389 DOI: 10.3390/children9081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recently, the leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio has been suggested as a novel predictor of cardio-metabolic and other chronic diseases. Aim: To evaluate the ability of leptin (L), adiponectin (A), and the L/A ratio in identifying high risk of insulin resistance IR in adolescents, adjusted by cardiorespiratory fitness, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and body fat percentage. Subjects and methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis with 529 adolescents aged 12−18 years-old. Blood samples were taken to analyze glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels. IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was estimated from fasting serum insulin and glucose). Results: Adiponectin, leptin, and L/A ratio were accurate to predict IR among adolescents. The optimal L/A cut-off value to indicate risk of IR development was >0.35 in boys and >0.97 in girls. Logistic analyses showed that the suggested cut-off points for adiponectin (girls: OR: 2.87 (1.26−6.53); p = 0.012); leptin (boys: OR: 5.23 (1.16−7.14) p = 0.006; girls: OR: 2.99 (1.10−8.09) p = 0.031), and the L/A ratio (boys: OR: 8.38 (2.6−26.8) p < 0.001; girls: OR: 6.1 (2.1−17.0) p < 0.001), were significant predictors of IR, after adjustments for age, pubertal stage, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body fat percentage. Conclusion: Leptin and L/A ratio were associated with IR risk, after adjustments for confounders in both sexes and adiponectin in girls. The L/A ratio seems to have a higher diagnostic accuracy to identify IR risk than adiponectin or leptin, in both sexes.
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Williams RA, Cooper SB, Dring KJ, Hatch L, Morris JG, Sun FH, Nevill ME. Physical fitness, physical activity and adiposity: associations with risk factors for cardiometabolic disease and cognitive function across adolescence. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:75. [PMID: 35109814 PMCID: PMC8809029 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cross-sectional associations between physical activity, physical fitness and adiposity with risk factors for cardiometabolic disease (particularly novel ones such as inflammatory cytokines) and cognitive function across the period of adolescence are not well understood. Additionally, novel physical activity metrics that summarise activity volume and intensity in a continuous manner have not been investigated in this context. Therefore, this study investigated the cross-sectional associations between physical activity, physical fitness and adiposity with risk factors for cardiometabolic disease and cognitive function. These associations were compared between younger and older adolescents. METHODS Seventy younger (11-12y, 35 girls) and 43 older (14-15y, 27 girls) adolescents volunteered to take part in the study. Physical fitness (multi-stage fitness test, MSFT) and adiposity (waist circumference) were determined, followed 7d later by resting blood pressure, a fasted blood sample (glucose, plasma insulin, IL6, IL10, IL15 and IL-1β concentrations) and a cognitive function test battery. Habitual physical activity was monitored via hip-worn accelerometers over this 7-d period and the average acceleration (activity volume), and intensity gradient (intensity distribution of activity) were determined. RESULTS Average acceleration and intensity gradient were negatively associated with mean arterial blood pressure (β = -0.75 mmHg, p = 0.021; β = -10 mmHg, p = 0.006, respectively), and waist circumference was positively associated with IL-6 concentration (β = 0.03%, p = 0.026), with stronger associations observed in older adolescents. Higher physical fitness (MSFT distance) was positively associated with anti-inflammatory IL-15 concentration (β = 0.03%, p = 0.038) and faster response times on the incongruent Stroop task (β = -1.43 ms, p = 0.025), the one-item level of the Sternberg paradigm (β = -0.66 ms, p = 0.026) and the simple (β = 0.43 ms, p = 0.032) and complex (β = -2.43 ms, p = 0.020) levels of the visual search test, but these were not moderated by age group. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the important role of physical activity (both the volume and intensity distribution) and physical fitness for cardio-metabolic health. Furthermore, the present study highlights the importance of physical fitness for a variety of cognitive function domains in adolescents, irrespective of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Williams
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Simon B Cooper
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Karah J Dring
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Lorna Hatch
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - John G Morris
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Feng-Hua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mary E Nevill
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
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de Lima TR, Martins PC, Moreno YMF, Chaput JP, Tremblay MS, Sui X, Silva DAS. Muscular Fitness and Cardiometabolic Variables in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2022; 52:1555-1575. [PMID: 35020179 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of muscular fitness (MF) in the performance of activities of daily living is unequivocal. Additionally, emerging evidence has shown MF can reduce cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine and summarize the evidence regarding the relationship between MF phenotypes (i.e., maximum muscular strength/power, muscular endurance, and maximum muscular strength/power/endurance) and cardiometabolic variables (obesity, blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis, inflammatory markers, and clustered cardiometabolic variables) in children and adolescents. DESIGN This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020179273. DATA SOURCES A systematic review was performed on five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) from database inception to May 2020, with complementary searches in reference lists. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Eligibility criteria included (1) a study sample of youth aged ≤ 19 years, (2) an assessment of MF with individual or clustered cardiometabolic variables derived from adjusted models (regardless of test/measurement adopted or direction of reported association), and (3) a report of the association between both, using observational studies. Only original articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English, Portuguese, and Spanish languages were considered. The quality of the included studies was assessed by using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute checklist. The percentage of results reporting a statistically significant inverse association between each MF phenotype and cardiometabolic variables was calculated. RESULTS Of the 23,686 articles initially identified, 96 were included (77 cross-sectional and 19 longitudinal), with data from children and adolescents from 35 countries. The score for the quality of evidence ranged from 0.33 to 0.92 (1.00 maximum). MF assessed by maximum muscular strength/power was inversely associated with lower obesity (64/113 total results (56.6%)) and reduction in clustered cardiometabolic risk (28/48 total results (58.3%)). When assessed by muscular endurance, an inverse association with obesity (30/44 total results (68.1%)) and cardiometabolic risk (5/8 total results (62.5%)) was identified. Most of the results for the relationship between MF phenotypes with blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory markers indicated a paucity of evidence for these interrelationships (percentage of results below 50.0%). CONCLUSION MF assessed by maximum muscular strength/power or muscular endurance is potentially associated with lower obesity and lower risk related to clustered cardiometabolic variables in children and adolescents. There is limited support for an inverse association between MF with blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis biomarkers, and inflammatory markers in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rodrigues de Lima
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88010-970, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Custódio Martins
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88010-970, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Franco Moreno
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mark Stephen Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88010-970, Brazil
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Lower grip strength values are associated with increased levels of adiposity and excess weight: a cross-sectional study. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:752-759. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.04004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Brand C, Gaya ACA, Dias AF, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Farinha JB, Boeno FP, Mota J, Reischak de Oliveira A, Gaya AR. Relationship between insulin resistance and adipocytokines: the mediator role of adiposity in children. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47:244-249. [PMID: 32279531 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2020.1740320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Leptin and adiponectin interact with each other in the modulation of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) and it is also important to consider the role of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in these relationships.Aim: To analyse the relationship between IR with adipocytokines in children, and to test the mediation effect of %BF (percentage of body fat) in the association of IR with leptin, adiponectin, and L/A ratio.Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study comprised a sample of 150 schoolchildren, aged 6-11 years, from school in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The following variables were evaluated: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), percentage of body fat (%BF), and biochemical variables (leptin, adiponectin, glucose, and insulin).Results: IR was associated with leptin and L/A ratio, after adjustments for age, sex, sexual maturation, and CRF. When adjusted for age, sex, sexual maturation, and MF, an association was found between IR with leptin and L/A ratio. Moreover, %BF was a mediator in the association between IR and leptin, as well as IR and L/A ratio, explaining 54% and 57% of these associations, respectively.Conclusion: Leptin and L/A ratio are positively associated with IR after adjustments. Also, %BF is a mediator in the associations between IR and leptin and L/A ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Brand
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Arieli Fernandes Dias
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano Boufleur Farinha
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francesco Pinto Boeno
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mota
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alvaro Reischak de Oliveira
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Amado-Pacheco JC, Prieto-Benavides DH, Correa-Bautista JE, García-Hermoso A, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Alonso-Martínez AM, Izquierdo M, Ramírez-Vélez R. Feasibility and Reliability of Physical Fitness Tests among Colombian Preschool Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3069. [PMID: 31450815 PMCID: PMC6747194 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility and reliability of physical fitness field tests used in the "Fuprecol kids" study among Colombian preschool children aged 3-5 years. A total of 90 preschoolers aged 3-5 years participated in the study. Weight, height, waist circumference, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), musculoskeletal fitness (handgrip strength and standing broad jump), speed-agility (4 × 10 m shuttle run), and flexibility (sit and reach test) components were tested twice (two weeks apart). The feasibility of the tests (preschoolers able to complete the test) ranged from 96% in the CRF test to 100% in the musculoskeletal fitness, speed-agility, and flexibility tests. Overall, the %TEMs were 0.625% for the weight, 0.378% for the height, 1.035% for the body mass index, and 0.547 % for the waist circumference. In addition, all tests were substantial reliable, for CRF (in stages and laps, concordance correlation coefficient = 0.944 and 0.941, respectively) in both sexes and flexibility (concordance correlation coefficient = 0.949) in girls. There were no significant differences in fitness test-retest mean differences in the boys (P > 0.05), except in CRF (laps P = 0.017). In girls, there were differences in CRF (stages (P = 0.017) and laps (P= 0.013)), and flexibility (P = 0.002) variables. The results from this study indicate that the "Fuprecol kids" battery of tests, administered by physical education teachers, was reliable and feasible for measuring components of physical fitness in preschoolers in a school setting in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cesar Amado-Pacheco
- Public school teacher. Colegio Brasilia Bosa, District Secretary of Education, Bogotá 110711, Colombia
| | - Daniel Humberto Prieto-Benavides
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, IDISNA-Navarra's Health Research Institute, C/irunlarrea 3, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, IDISNA-Navarra's Health Research Institute, C/irunlarrea 3, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, IDISNA-Navarra's Health Research Institute, C/irunlarrea 3, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 9160030, Chile
| | | | - Alicia María Alonso-Martínez
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, IDISNA-Navarra's Health Research Institute, C/irunlarrea 3, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, IDISNA-Navarra's Health Research Institute, C/irunlarrea 3, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, IDISNA-Navarra's Health Research Institute, C/irunlarrea 3, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
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Whooten R, Kerem L, Stanley T. Physical activity in adolescents and children and relationship to metabolic health. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2019; 26:25-31. [PMID: 30507695 PMCID: PMC6522241 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the recent developments relating to the role of physical activity in improving insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. RECENT FINDINGS The current literature strengthens previous findings on the relationship between physical activity and metabolic health in children; suggests a protective role for physical activity in the setting of obesity; examines population-specific findings; addresses specific effects of different modalities of physical activity in improving health; reveals potential mediators in the relationship between physical activity and metabolic health; and suggests new markers of metabolic health that could potentially be used as outcomes in future physical activity studies. SUMMARY Recent research generally confirms the role of physical activity in decreasing insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. However, the current literature is limited by unstandardized research methods and definitions, and also aggregation of different age groups, genders, and weight status. Future research should address these issues to offer targeted physical activity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Whooten
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children
- Corresponding author: ; Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Liya Kerem
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children
| | - Takara Stanley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children
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Agostinis-Sobrinho C, García-Hermoso A, Ramírez-Vélez R, Moreira C, Lopes L, Oliveira-Santos J, Póvoas SC, Mota J, Santos R. Longitudinal association between ideal cardiovascular health status and muscular fitness in adolescents: The LabMed Physical Activity Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:892-899. [PMID: 30111494 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Muscular fitness is an emerging predictor for cardiovascular disease mortality. The ideal cardiovascular health metrics has been inversely related to a subsequent cardiometabolic health in adulthood. However, evidence regarding muscular fitness and ideal cardiovascular health in adolescents is scarce. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal association between ideal cardiovascular health index and muscular fitness. METHODS AND RESULTS This study cohort consisted of 331 adolescents (183 girls) from the LabMed Physical Activity Study who were followed from 2011 to 2013. Ideal cardiovascular health, as defined by the American Heart Association, was determined as meeting ideal health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose) and behaviors (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, and diet). Handgrip strength and standing long jump tests assessed muscular fitness and were transformed into standardized values according to age and sex. ANCOVA showed a significant association between the accumulation of ideal cardiovascular health metrics at baseline and muscular fitness indices at follow-up (F(4, 322) = 2.280, p = 0.04). In addition, the higher the number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics accumulated, the higher the likelihood of having a high muscular fitness over a two-year period (p for trend = 0.01), after adjustments for age, sex, pubertal stage and socioeconomic status and muscular fitness at baseline. CONCLUSION The ideal cardiovascular health status during adolescence was associated with high muscular fitness levels over a two-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Agostinis-Sobrinho
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania.
| | - A García-Hermoso
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, University of Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - R Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - C Moreira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - L Lopes
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - J Oliveira-Santos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - S C Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - J Mota
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - R Santos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal; Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Australia
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Changes in muscular fitness and its association with blood pressure in adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:1101-1109. [PMID: 29740692 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-018-3164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to examine the longitudinal association between muscular fitness (MF) and blood pressure (BP) 2 years later, and to determine whether changes in MF over a 2-year period were associated with BP at follow-up, in adolescents. The sample comprised 734 youths (349 girls) aged from 12 to 18 years. MF was assessed with the standing long jump and handgrip tests. Socioeconomic status, pubertal stage, waist circumference, resting BP, and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured according to standard procedures. Regression analyses showed a significant inverse association between MF at baseline and systolic BP (β = - 0.072; p = 0.032) and rate pressure product (β = - 0.124; p < 0.001) at follow-up, after adjustments for age, sex, height, pubertal stage, and socioeconomic status. However, when analyses were further adjusted for waist circumference and cardiorespiratory fitness, these associations did not remain significant. Adolescents with persistently high and increasing MF exhibited the lowest levels of diastolic BP (F(3, 721) = 3.814, p = 0.018) and systolic BP (F(3, 721) = 3.908, p = 0.014) when compared to those with persistent low MF after adjustment for age, sex, height, socioeconomic status, cardiorespiratory fitness, and waist circumference.Conclusion: This study suggests that persistent greater and increasing MF in youth are associated with lower levels of BP across the adolescence. What is Known: • Currently, there is a growing interest on the health benefits of muscular fitness. • Cross-sectional studies have identified an association between muscular fitness and blood pressure in adolescents. What is New: • Changes in muscular fitness during adolescence were associated with systolic and diastolic BP over a 2-year period. • Adolescents with persistently low muscular fitness exhibited the highest levels of diastolic and systolic BP.
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Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Santos R, Rosário R, Moreira C, Lopes L, Mota J, Martinkenas A, García-Hermoso A, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramírez-Vélez R. Optimal Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet May Not Overcome the Deleterious Effects of Low Physical Fitness on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Pooled Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070815. [PMID: 29941782 PMCID: PMC6073276 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the combined association of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) on cardiovascular risk in adolescents, a pooled study, including cross-sectional data from two projects [2477 adolescents (1320 girls) aged 12–18 years], was completed. A shuttle run test was used to assess CRF. MF was assessed by the standing-long jump and handgrip tests. Adherence to a MeDiet was assessed by the Kidmed questionnaire. A cardiovascular risk score was computed from the following components: Age and sex, waist circumference, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and glucose. Analysis of covariance showed that participants classified as having optimal (High) adherence to a MeDiet/HighMF/HighCRF, as well those classified as low adherence to a MeDiet/HighMF/HighCRF, had, on average, the lowest cardiovascular risk score (F = 15.6; p < 0.001). In addition, the high adherence to a MeDiet/LowMF/LowCRF group had the highest odds of having a high cardiovascular risk (OR = 7.1; 95% CI: 3.4–15.1; p < 0.001), followed by the low adherence to a MeDiet/LowMF/LowCRF group (OR = 3.7; 95% CI: 2.2–6.3; p < 0.001), high adherence to a MeDiet/HighMF/LowCRF group (OR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.4–7.0; p = 0.006), and low adherence to a MeDiet/LowMF/HighCRF group (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.5–4.4; p = 0.002) when compared to those with high adherence to a MeDiet/HighMF/HighCRF, after adjustments for potential confounders. In conclusion, our findings showed that, regardless of the MeDiet status, adolescents with low MF and low CRF cumulatively, presented the highest cardiovascular disease risk. Therefore, these findings suggest that the combination of these two fitness components may be beneficial to adolescents’ cardiometabolic profile, independent of MeDiet behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Agostinis-Sobrinho
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of the South of Brazil, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil.
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200450 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-91274 Klaipeda, Lithuania.
| | - Rute Santos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200450 Porto, Portugal.
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Rafaela Rosário
- School of Nursing, Research Centre in Child Studies, University of Minho, 4710 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Carla Moreira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís Lopes
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Arvydas Martinkenas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-91274 Klaipeda, Lithuania.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 7500618, Chile.
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios Para la Medición de la Actividad Física CEMA, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia.
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios Para la Medición de la Actividad Física CEMA, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia.
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