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de Oliveira Silva JV, Meneguello JE, Formagio MD, de Freitas CF, Malacarne LC, Marchiosi R, de Mendonça PDSB, Zanetti Campanerut-Sá PA, Graton Mikcha JM. Multi-targets of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by erythrosine against Staphylococcus aureus identified by proteomic approach. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38594817 DOI: 10.1111/php.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a global challenge to the clinical field and food industry. Therefore, the development of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become one of the valuable methods to control this pathogen. The antibacterial activity of photoinactivation by erythrosine (Ery) against S. aureus has been reported, but its modes of action are unclear. This study aimed to employ a proteomic approach to analyze modes of action of Ery-aPDT against S. aureus. We determined the antibacterial effect by Ery-aPDT assays, quantified reactive oxygen species (ROS) and injury to the cell membrane, and determined protein expression using a proteomic approach combined with bioinformatic tools. Ery-aPDT was effective in reducing S. aureus to undetectable levels. In addition, the increment of ROS accompanied the increase in the reduction of cell viability, and damage to cellular membranes was shown by sublethal injury. In proteomic analysis, we found 17 differentially expressed proteins. These proteins revealed changes mainly associated with defense to oxidative stress, energy metabolism, translation, and protein biosynthesis. Thus, these results suggest that the effectiveness of Ery-aPDT is due to multi-targets in the bacterial cell that cause the death of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Eduardo Meneguello
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maíra Dante Formagio
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rogério Marchiosi
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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2
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de Oliveira Silva JV, Meneguello JE, Formagio MD, de Freitas CF, Hioka N, Pilau EJ, Marchiosi R, Machinski Junior M, de Abreu Filho BA, Zanetti Campanerut-Sá PA, Graton Mikcha JM. Proteomic Investigation over the Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Rose Bengal Against Staphylococcus aureus. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 99:957-966. [PMID: 36054748 DOI: 10.1111/php.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order, to understand the antimicrobial action of photodynamic therapy and how this technique can contribute to its application in the control of pathogens. The objective of the study was to employ a proteomic approach to investigate the protein profile of S. aureus after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by rose bengal (RB-aPDT). S. aureus was treated with RB (10 nmol/l) and illuminated with green LED (0.17 J/cm2 ) for cell viability evaluation. Afterward, proteomic analysis was employed for protein identification and bioinformatic tools to classify the differentially expressed proteins. The reduction of S. aureus after photoinactivation was ~2.5 log CFU/ml. A total of 12 proteins (four up-regulated and eight down-regulated), correspond exclusively to alteration by RB-aPDT. Functionally these proteins are distributed in protein binding, structural constituent of ribosome, proton transmembrane transporter activity, and ATPase activity. The effects of photodamage include alterations of levels of several proteins resulting in an activated stress response, altered membrane potential, and effects on energy metabolism. These 12 proteins required the presence of both light and RB suggesting a unique response to photodynamic effects. The information about this technique contributes valuable insights into bacterial mechanisms and the mode of action of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Eduardo Meneguello
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maíra Dante Formagio
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila Fabiano de Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Rogério Marchiosi
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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3
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Thomas SS, Hosseini-Nejad H, Bohne C. Dynamics of small molecules within the F127 PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer gel and sol phases studied at the molecular scale. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:1706-1714. [PMID: 35142781 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00066k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Triplet excited states of guest molecules with different hydrophobicities were used to probe the association and dissociation dynamics of these guests with F127 micelles in the gel and sol phases. The dynamics probed was on a longer length scale than amenable with fluorescence techniques, but at a shorter length scale than probed in translational diffusion studies. The mobility of the guests at the molecular scale showed that subtle changes in the guest's structure affect the guest's release time from the micelles, where the structural features of the guest are more important than the phase, gel vs. sol, of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma S Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Helia Hosseini-Nejad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Cornelia Bohne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
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4
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de Paiva ADCM, Ferreira MDC, da Fonseca ADS. Photodynamic therapy for treatment of bacterial keratitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 37:102717. [PMID: 35021106 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microbial keratitis is the main cause of corneal opacification and the fourth leading cause of blindness worldwide, with bacteria the major infectious agent. Recently, bacterial keratitis has become a serious threat due to routine use of antibiotics leading to selection of resistant and multidrug-resistant bacteria strains. New approaches for treatment of bacterial keratitis are necessary to outcome the increasing antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is based on three agents: photosensitizer, oxygen, and light radiation. This therapy has been successful for treatment of infections in different tissues and organs as well as against different type of infectious agents and no resistance development. Also, new photosensitizers are being developed that has increased the spectrum of therapeutic protocols for treatment of a number of infectious diseases. Thus, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy has an extraordinary potential for treatment of those bacterial keratitis cases that actually are not solved by traditional antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre de Carvalho Mendes de Paiva
- Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Mariz e Barros, 775, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20270002, Brazil
| | - Michelle da Costa Ferreira
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 157, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil
| | - Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro 20211040, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87 fundos, 4º andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil; Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Avenida Alberto Torres, 111, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro 25964004, Brazil.
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5
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Bassi da Silva J, da Silva Souza Campanholi K, Braga G, de Souza PR, Caetano W, Cook MT, Bruschi ML. The effect of erythrosine-B on the structuration of poloxamer 407 and cellulose derivative blends: In silico modelling supporting experimental studies. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 130:112440. [PMID: 34702525 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Erythrosine is a dye approved for medical use that has shown promising photodynamic activity, allowing for the inactivation of microorganisms and activity against malignant cells. Despite the great photodynamic potential, erythrosine exhibits hydrophilicity, negatively impacting its action in biological membranes. Therefore, the incorporation of erythrosine in micellar polymeric systems, such as poloxamers, may overcome this limitation. Moreover, using bioadhesive and thermoresponsive polymers to combine in situ gelation and bioadhesion may enhance retention of this topically applied drug. In this work, mucoadhesive and thermoresponsive micellar systems were prepared containing erythrosine in two states: the native form (ERI) and the disodium salt (ERIs). The systems were evaluated based on the effect of ERI/ERIs on the micellar structure of the binary polymer mixtures. Optimised combinations of poloxamer 407 (polox407) and mucoadhesive sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were used as micellar systems for ERI or ERIs delivery. The systems were studied with respect to theoretical interactions, qualitative composition, morphology, and micellar properties. In silico modelling indicated a higher interaction of the drug with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) than poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) fragments of polox407. Systems containing NaCMC displayed a repulsive effect in the presence of erythrosine, due to the polymer's charge density. Both systems could convert the photosensitizer in its monomeric form, ensuring photodynamic activity. In these mixtures, crystallinity, critical micellar temperature and enthalpy of polox407 micellisation were reduced, and micellar size, evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), showed low impact of ERI/ERIs in HPMC preparations. Aiming toward photodynamic applications, the findings showed how ERI or ERIs can affect the micellar formation of gels composed of 17.5% (w/w) polox407 and 3% (w/w) HPMC or 1% (w/w) NaCMC, important for understating their behaviour and future utilisation as erythrosine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Bassi da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Braga
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Michael Thomas Cook
- Research Centre in Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, and Postgraduate Medicine, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.
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Mota DR, Lima GAS, de Oliveira HPM, Pellosi DS. Pluronic-loaded Silver Nanoparticles/Photosensitizers Nanohybrids: Influence of the Polymer Chain Length on Metal-enhanced Photophysical Properties. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:175-183. [PMID: 34309861 DOI: 10.1111/php.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are incredibly versatile nanostructures that more recently have been exploited to create advanced optoelectronic materials due enhancement of local magnetic field after its irradiation. However, the use of AgNPs as nanoantennas to amplify photophysical properties of close photosensitizer (PS) molecules in photodynamic therapy is still underexplored. The reason for that is the difficulty to control crucial parameters such as silver-PS distance in aqueous solution. In this scenario, here we propose a nanohybrid system where AgNP/PS distance is controlled by a thin layer of different Pluronic copolymers. The controllable distance and aqueous stability of proposed nanohybrids allow a tunable enhancement of fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen generation of some selected PS molecules. A detailed mechanism investigation demonstrated that the observed metal-enhanced photophysics is due to magnetic field enhancement close to AgNP surface (AgNP/PS distance-controlled effect) and the resonant coupling of AgNP hot electrons and HOMO-LUMO energies of the PS (AgNP/PS spectral overlap-controlled effect). These results show that the rational design in engineering new nanohybrid structures allowed photophysical improvement of PS molecules in aqueous solution in a tunable way and point out Pluronic-based AgNP/PS nanohybrids as a smart material for further developments aiming at theranostic applications in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Ramos Mota
- Laboratory of Hybrid Materials, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diogo Silva Pellosi
- Laboratory of Hybrid Materials, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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de Freitas CF, Estevão BM, Pellosi DS, Scarminio IS, Caetano W, Hioka N, Batistela VR. Chemical equilibria of Eosin Y and its synthetic ester derivatives in non-ionic and ionic micellar environments. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Potential of triblock copolymers Pluronic® P-84 and F-108 with erythrosine B and its synthetic ester derivatives for photodynamic applications. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Estevão BM, de Freitas CF, Franciscato DS, de Assis FF, de Oliveira KT, Hioka N, Caetano W, Muniz EC. Synthetic chlorin derivative self-prevented from aggregation: Behavior in homogeneous medium for PDT applications. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Theranostic verteporfin- loaded lipid-polymer liposome for photodynamic applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 212:112039. [PMID: 33002779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study we report a novel theranostic lipid-polymer liposome, obtained from DPPC and the triblock copolymer F127 covalently modified with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF) for photodynamic applications. Due to the presence of F127, small unilamellar vesicle (SUV) liposomes were synthesized by a simple and fast thin-film hydration method without the need for an extrusion process. The vesicles have around 100 nm, low polydispersity and superb solution stability. The clinically used photosensitizer verteporfin (VP) was entrapped into the vesicles, mostly in monomeric form, with 90% loading efficiency. Stern-Volmer and fluorescence lifetime assays showed heterogeneous distribution of the VP and CF into the vesicles, ensuring the integrity of their individual photophysical properties. The theranostic properties were entirely photoactivatable and can be trigged by a unique wavelength (470 nm). The feasibility of the system was tested against the Glioblastoma multiforme cell line T98G. Cellular uptake by time-resolved fluorescence microscopy showed monomerized VP (monoexponential decay, 6.0 ns) at nucleus level, while CF was detected at the membrane by fluorescence microscopy. The strategy's success was supported by the reduction of 98% in the viability of T98G cells by the photoactivated lipid-polymer liposome with [VP] = 1.0 μmol L-1. Therefore, the novel theranostic liposome is a potential system for use in cancer and ocular disease therapies.
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11
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de Freitas CF, Vanzin D, Braga TL, Pellosi DS, Batistela VR, Caetano W, Hioka N. Multivariate analysis of protolytic and tautomeric equilibria of Erythrosine B and its ester derivatives in ionic and non-ionic micelles. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Moreira LG, Almeida AM, Camacho SA, Estevão BM, Oliveira ON, Aoki PHB. Chain Cleavage of Bioinspired Bacterial Membranes Photoinduced by Eosin Decyl Ester. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9578-9585. [PMID: 32672975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is promising for bacterial inactivation since cellular internalization of photosensitizers (PS) is not crucial for the treatment effectiveness. Photoinduced damage in the lipid envelope may already induce microbial inactivation, which requires PS capable of easily penetrating into the membrane. Herein, we report on the insertion of the PS eosin decyl ester (EosDec) into Langmuir films of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG), and cardiolipin (CLP) used as mimetic systems of bacterial membranes. Surface pressure isotherms and polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) indicated that the hydrophobic nature of EosDec favored deeper penetration in all the phospholipid monolayers. The incorporation of EosDec led to monolayer expansion, especially in the anionic DOPG and CLP owing to repulsive electrostatic interactions, and induced disorder in the lipid chains. Light irradiation of DOPE, DOPG, and CLP monolayers containing EosDec increased the rate of material loss to the subphase, which is attributed to cleavage of lipid chains triggered by contact-dependent reactions between excited states of EosDec and lipid unsaturations. The latter is key for membrane permeabilization and efficiency in microbial inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas G Moreira
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Almeida
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina A Camacho
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
- IFSC, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Bianca M Estevão
- IFSC, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- IFSC, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Pedro H B Aoki
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
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13
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Tsubone TM, Zhang Z, Goyal R, Santacruz C, Martins WK, Kohn J, Baptista MS. Porphyrin-Loaded TyroSpheres for the Intracellular Delivery of Drugs and Photoinduced Oxidant Species. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2911-2924. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayana Mazin Tsubone
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Zheng Zhang
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8009, United States
| | - Ritu Goyal
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8009, United States
| | - Carolina Santacruz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8009, United States
| | - Mauricio S. Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
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de Souza Ferreira SB, Braga G, Oliveira ÉLD, Rosseto HC, Hioka N, Caetano W, Bruschi ML. Colloidal systems composed of poloxamer 407, different acrylic acid derivatives and curcuminoids: Optimization of preparation method, type of bioadhesive polymer and storage conditions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Santos AR, da Silva AF, Batista AFP, Freitas CF, Bona E, Sereia MJ, Caetano W, Hioka N, Mikcha JMG. Application of Response Surface Methodology to Evaluate Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Eosin Y and 530 nm LED against Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9030125. [PMID: 32192121 PMCID: PMC7148482 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PAC) is an efficient tool for inactivating microorganisms. This technique is a good approach to inactivate the foodborne microorganisms, which are responsible for one of the major public health concerns worldwide—the foodborne diseases. In this work, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the interaction of Eosin Y (EOS) concentration and irradiation time on Staphylococcus aureus counts and a sequence of designed experiments to model the combined effect of each factor on the response. A second-order polynomial empirical model was developed to describe the relationship between EOS concentration and irradiation time. The results showed that the derived model could predict the combined influences of these factors on S. aureus counts. The agreement between predictions and experimental observations (R2adj = 0.9159, p = 0.000034) was also observed. The significant terms in the model were the linear negative effect of photosensitizer (PS) concentration, followed by the linear negative effect of irradiation time, and the quadratic negative effect of PS concentration. The highest reductions in S. aureus counts were observed when applying a light dose of 9.98 J/cm2 (498 nM of EOS and 10 min. irradiation). The ability of the evaluated model to predict the photoinactivation of S. aureus was successfully validated. Therefore, the use of RSM combined with PAC is a promising approach to inactivate foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriele R. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900—Paraná, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (A.R.S.); (J.M.G.M.)
| | - Alex F. da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900—Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Andréia F. P. Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900—Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Camila F. Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900—Paraná, Brazil; (C.F.F.); (W.C.); (N.H.)
| | - Evandro Bona
- Department of Food, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campo Mourão 87301-899—Paraná, Brazil; (E.B.)
| | - Maria J. Sereia
- Department of Food, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campo Mourão 87301-899—Paraná, Brazil; (E.B.)
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900—Paraná, Brazil; (C.F.F.); (W.C.); (N.H.)
| | - Noburu Hioka
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900—Paraná, Brazil; (C.F.F.); (W.C.); (N.H.)
| | - Jane M. G. Mikcha
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900—Paraná, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.R.S.); (J.M.G.M.)
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16
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Ferreira SBDS, Braga G, Oliveira ÉL, da Silva JB, Rosseto HC, de Castro Hoshino LV, Baesso ML, Caetano W, Murdoch C, Colley HE, Bruschi ML. Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:2304-2328. [PMID: 31886108 PMCID: PMC6902884 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucoadhesive nanostructured systems comprising poloxamer 407 and Carbopol 974P® have already demonstrated good mucoadhesion, as well as improved mechanical and rheological properties. Curcumin displays excellent biological activity, mainly in oral squamous cancer; however, its physicochemical characteristics hinder its application. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop nanostructured formulations containing curcumin for oral cancer therapy. The photophysical interactions between curcumin and the formulations were elucidated by incorporation kinetics and location studies. They revealed that the drug was quickly incorporated and located in the hydrophobic portion of nanometer-sized polymeric micelles. Moreover, the systems displayed plastic behavior with rheopexy characteristics at 37 °C, viscoelastic properties and a gelation temperature of 36 °C, which ensures increased retention after application in the oral cavity. The mucoadhesion results confirmed the previous findings with the nanostructured systems showing a residence time of 20 min in porcine oral mucosa under flow system conditions. Curcumin was released after 8 h and could permeate through the porcine oral mucosa. Cytotoxicity testing revealed that the formulations were selective to cancer cells over healthy cells. Therefore, these systems could improve the physicochemical characteristics of curcumin by providing improved release and permeation, while selectivity targeting cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Braga
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Bassi da Silva
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Hélen Cássia Rosseto
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Craig Murdoch
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
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17
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Santos AR, Batista AFP, Gomes ATPC, Neves MDGPMS, Faustino MAF, Almeida A, Hioka N, Mikcha JMG. The Remarkable Effect of Potassium Iodide in Eosin and Rose Bengal Photodynamic Action against Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:E211. [PMID: 31694195 PMCID: PMC6963404 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been shown as a promising technique to inactivate foodborne bacteria, without inducing the development of bacterial resistance. Knowing that addition of inorganic salts, such as potassium iodide (KI), can modulate the photodynamic action of the photosensitizer (PS), we report in this study the antimicrobial effect of eosin (EOS) and rose bengal (RB) combined with KI against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, the possible development of bacterial resistance after this combined aPDT protocol was evaluated. The combination of EOS or RB, at all tested concentrations, with KI at 100 mM, was able to efficiently inactivate S. Typhimurium and S. aureus. This combined approach allows a reduction in the PS concentration up to 1000 times, even against one of the most common foodborne pathogenics, S. Typhimurium, a gram-negative bacterium which is not so prone to inactivation with xanthene dyes when used alone. The photoinactivation of S. Typhimurium and S. aureus by both xanthenes with KI did not induce the development of resistance. The low price of the xanthene dyes, the non-toxic nature of KI, and the possibility of reducing the PS concentration show that this technology has potential to be easily transposed to the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriele R. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil;
| | - Andréia F. P. Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil;
| | - Ana T. P. C. Gomes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Maria da Graça P. M. S. Neves
- QOPNA& LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.d.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.A.F.F.)
| | - Maria Amparo F. Faustino
- QOPNA& LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.d.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.A.F.F.)
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil;
| | - Jane M. G. Mikcha
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
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18
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Rapid formation of Small Unilamellar Vesicles (SUV) through low-frequency sonication: An innovative approach. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 181:837-844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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19
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de Freitas CF, Montanha MC, Pellosi DS, Kimura E, Caetano W, Hioka N. "Biotin-targeted mixed liposomes: A smart strategy for selective release of a photosensitizer agent in cancer cells". MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109923. [PMID: 31499973 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of cancer, necessity of treatment, and prognosis times are urgent issues that need to be addressed. In this work, we present DPPC liposomes coated with F127 triblock copolymers as a promising alternative in drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. The proposed mixed liposomes exhibit adequate size, high stability, and passive targeting that result from the EPR effect. An interesting strategy to obtain both passive and active targeting is the vectorization with a covalent bond between F127 and Biotin (a vitamin). Cancer cells can overexpress Biotin receptors, such as Avidin. Here, we evaluate the cytotoxic effects of the erythrosine-decyl ester (ERYDEC). This is a photosensitizer that can be utilized in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and incorporated in DPPC liposomes coated with F127 (F127/DPPC) and the biotinylated-F127 (F127-B/DPPC). The results showed that DPPC liposomes were efficiently mixed with common F127 or F127B, exhibiting adequate physical properties with simple and low-cost preparation. An HABA/Avidin assay showed the amount of Biotin available at the liposome surface. In addition, ERYDEC interaction with lipid vesicles showed high encapsulating efficiency and slow release kinetics. The ERYDEC monomeric species are represented by high light absorption and high singlet oxygen generation (1O2), which confirm the presence of the drug in its monomeric state, as required for PDT. The ERYDEC/liposome system showed high stability and absence of significant cytotoxic effects (absence of light) in fibroblasts of the Mus musculus cell line. In addition, phototoxicity studies showed that ERYDEC/liposomes were able to inhibit cancer cells. However, in the biotinylated system, the effect was much greater than the common F127 coating. This dramatically decreased the inhibitory concentration of CC50 and CC90. In addition, cellular uptake studies based on fluorescence properties of ERYDEC showed that a two-hour incubation period was enough for the uptake by the cell. Therefore, the new vectorized-coated liposome is a potential system for use in cancer treatments, considering that it is a theranostic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fabiano de Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5.790, 87.020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maiara Camotti Montanha
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5.790, 87.020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Diogo Silva Pellosi
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, Unidade José de Filippi, R. Prof. Artur Riedel, 275 - Jd. Eldorado, 09972-270 Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elza Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5.790, 87.020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5.790, 87.020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5.790, 87.020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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20
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Silva AF, Santos AR, Trevisan DAC, Bonin E, Freitas CF, Batista AFP, Hioka N, Simões M, Graton Mikcha JM. Xanthene Dyes and Green
LED
for the Inactivation of Foodborne Pathogens in Planktonic and Biofilm States. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1230-1238. [DOI: 10.1111/php.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fiori Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine State University of Maringá Maringá, Paraná Brazil
| | - Adriele Rodrigues Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine State University of Maringá Maringá, Paraná Brazil
| | | | - Edineia Bonin
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine State University of Maringá Maringá, Paraná Brazil
| | | | | | - Noboru Hioka
- Department of Chemistry State University of Maringa Maringá Brazil
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal
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21
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Oyama J, Lera-Nonose DSSL, Ramos-Milaré ÁCFH, Padilha Ferreira FB, de Freitas CF, Caetano W, Hioka N, Silveira TGV, Lonardoni MVC. Potential of Pluronics ® P-123 and F-127 as nanocarriers of anti-Leishmania chemotherapy. Acta Trop 2019; 192:11-21. [PMID: 30659806 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease and drugs approved for its treatment often lead to abandonment, failure of therapy and even death. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be a promising, non-invasive and selective for a target region without requiring high-cost technology. Usually, it is employed a photosensitizing agent (PS) incorporated into nanoparticles (NP). Pluronics® P-123 and F-127 micelles are very interesting aqueous NP promoting efficient and selective delivery and less adverse effects. This study aimed to detect the activity of Pluronics® P-123 and F-127 themselves since there is a scarcity of data on these NP activities without drugs incorporation. This study evaluated, in vitro, the activity of Pluronics® against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and also their cytotoxicities. Additionally, the determination of the mitochondria membrane potential in promastigotes, internalization of these Pluronics® in the parasite membrane and macrophages and its stability in the culture medium was evaluated. Results showed that Pluronics® did not cause significant damage to human red cells and promastigotes. The P-123 and F-127 inhibited the survival rate of L. amazonensis amastigotes, and also presented loss of mitochondrial membrane potential on promastigotes. The Pluronics® showed low cytotoxic activity on J774A.1 macrophages, while only P-123 showed moderate cytotoxicity for BALB/c macrophages. The stability of P-123 and F-127 in culture medium was maintained for ten days. In conclusion, the NP studied can be used for incorporating potent leishmanicidal chemotherapy, due to their selectivity towards macrophages, being a promising system for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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22
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PEG-coated vesicles from Pluronic/lipid mixtures for the carrying of photoactive erythrosine derivatives. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 175:530-544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Chlorophylls B formulated in nanostructured colloidal solutions: Interaction, spectroscopic, and photophysical studies. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Bodratti AM, Alexandridis P. Amphiphilic block copolymers in drug delivery: advances in formulation structure and performance. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:1085-1104. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1529756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Bodratti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Paschalis Alexandridis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
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25
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Sayed S, Elsayed I, Ismail MM. Optimization of β-cyclodextrin consolidated micellar dispersion for promoting the transcorneal permeation of a practically insoluble drug. Int J Pharm 2018; 549:249-260. [PMID: 30077759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Development of efficient ocular drug delivery system for antifungal drugs becomes a must nowadays to face and eradicate the widely spread ophthalmic fungal infections. Itraconazole, a triazole antifungal, is struggling to penetrate the cornea and subsequently, its efficacy is limited. The aim of this study was to enhance itraconazole corneal penetration through utilizing the minimum surfactant amount in presence of β-cyclodextrin which acted as a dissolution and permeation enhancer. β-Cyclodextrin consolidated micellar dispersions (CCMD) were prepared after an initial screening to select the composition of surfactant(s). The preparation was done according to a modified melt dispersion technique. The prepared CCMD were characterized through the analysis of their particle size, zeta potential and solubilization efficiency. The optimum formula was chosen based on a factorial response surface analysis and it was composed of 17:1 w/w surfactant/drug, 30:1 w/w cyclodextrin/drug ratios and 0.02% polyethylene oxide. This formula was subjected to in vitro characterization including release, imaging by transmission electron microscope, mucoadhesion, stability, in addition to the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration. Moreover, the ex vivo/in vivo permeation, safety and efficacy profiles were determined. The optimized CCMD formula was found to be significantly safe, stable, mucoadhesive and efficient to permeate the drug through rabbits' corneas. Consequently, the optimized CCMD formulation can be a promising, safe and efficient platform for the transcorneal delivery of lipophilic drugs including most antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinar Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Maha M Ismail
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Bodratti AM, Alexandridis P. Formulation of Poloxamers for Drug Delivery. J Funct Biomater 2018; 9:E11. [PMID: 29346330 PMCID: PMC5872097 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Poloxamers, also known as Pluronics®, are block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), which have an amphiphilic character and useful association and adsorption properties emanating from this. Poloxamers find use in many applications that require solubilization or stabilization of compounds and also have notable physiological properties, including low toxicity. Accordingly, poloxamers serve well as excipients for pharmaceuticals. Current challenges facing nanomedicine revolve around the transport of typically water-insoluble drugs throughout the body, followed by targeted delivery. Judicious design of drug delivery systems leads to improved bioavailability, patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes. The rich phase behavior (micelles, hydrogels, lyotropic liquid crystals, etc.) of poloxamers makes them amenable to multiple types of processing and various product forms. In this review, we first present the general solution behavior of poloxamers, focusing on their self-assembly properties. This is followed by a discussion of how the self-assembly properties of poloxamers can be leveraged to encapsulate drugs using an array of processing techniques including direct solubilization, solvent displacement methods, emulsification and preparation of kinetically-frozen nanoparticles. Finally, we conclude with a summary and perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Bodratti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Paschalis Alexandridis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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27
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Teixeira RI, dos Santos IC, Garden SJ, Carneiro PF, Ferreira VF, de Lucas NC. Photosensitizing Properties of 6H
-Dibenzo[b,
h
]xanthene Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo I. Teixeira
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária; 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro-RJ Brazil
| | - Iago C. dos Santos
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária; 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro-RJ Brazil
| | - Simon J. Garden
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária; 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro-RJ Brazil
| | - Paula F. Carneiro
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Centro de Ciência da Saúde, Cidade Universitária; 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro-RJ Brazil
| | - Vitor F. Ferreira
- Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Santa Rosa, 24241-002; Niterói-RJ Brazil
| | - Nanci C. de Lucas
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária; 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro-RJ Brazil
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