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Ahmed A, Fujimura NA, Tahir S, Akram M, Abbas Z, Riaz M, Raza A, Abbas R, Ahmed N. Soluble and insoluble expression of recombinant human interleukin-2 protein using pET expression vector in Escherichia coli. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38824503 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2361146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 has emerged as a potent protein-based drug to treat various cancers, AIDS, and autoimmune diseases. Despite its immense requirement, the production procedures are inefficient to meet the demand. Therefore, efficient production procedures must be adopted to improve protein yield and decrease procedural loss. This study analyzed cytoplasmic and periplasmic IL-2 expression for increased protein yield and significant biological activity. The study is focused on cloning IL-2 into a pET-SUMO and pET-28a vector that expresses IL-2 in soluble form and inclusion bodies, respectively. Both constructs were expressed into different E. coli expression strains, but the periplasmic and cytoplasmic expression of IL-2 was highest in overnight culture in Rosetta 2 (DE3). Therefore, E. coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) was selected for large-scale production and purification. Purified IL-2 was characterized by SDS-PAGE and western blotting, while its biological activity was determined using MTT bioassay. The results depict that the periplasmic and cytoplasmic IL-2 achieved adequate purification, yielding 0.86 and 0.51 mg/mL, respectively, with significant cytotoxic activity of periplasmic and cytoplasmic IL-2. Periplasmic IL-2 has shown better yield and significant biological activity in vitro which describes its attainment of native protein structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nao Akusa Fujimura
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saad Tahir
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Abbas
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maira Riaz
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Abbas
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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2
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Palkumbura PGAS, Mahakapuge TAN, Wijesundera RRMKK, Wijewardana V, Kangethe RT, Rajapakse RPVJ. Mucosal Immunity of Major Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections in Small Ruminants Can Be Harnessed to Develop New Prevention Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1409. [PMID: 38338687 PMCID: PMC10855138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasitic nematode (GIN) infections are the cause of severe losses to farmers in countries where small ruminants such as sheep and goat are the mainstay of livestock holdings. There is a need to develop effective and easy-to-administer anti-parasite vaccines in areas where anthelmintic resistance is rapidly rising due to the inefficient use of drugs currently available. In this review, we describe the most prevalent and economically significant group of GIN infections that infect small ruminants and the immune responses that occur in the host during infection with an emphasis on mucosal immunity. Furthermore, we outline the different prevention strategies that exist with a focus on whole and purified native parasite antigens as vaccine candidates and their possible oral-nasal administration as a part of an integrated parasite control toolbox in areas where drug resistance is on the rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. G. Ashani S. Palkumbura
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Kandy 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilini A. N. Mahakapuge
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Kandy 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - R. R. M. K. Kavindra Wijesundera
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Kandy 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Viskam Wijewardana
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Richard Thiga Kangethe
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - R. P. V. Jayanthe Rajapakse
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Kandy 20400, Sri Lanka
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Yaman Y, Bay V, Sevim S, Aymaz R, Keleş M, Önaldi AT, Özüiçli M, Şenlik B, Koncagül S, Yilmaz O, Ün C. Ovine PAPPA2 gene coding variants are linked to decreased fecal egg shedding in native Turkish sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:186. [PMID: 37130990 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the association between PAPPA2 coding variants and gastrointestinal (GI) nematode fecal egg count (FEC) score in adult Turkish sheep was investigated. For this purpose, the FEC score was determined in adult sheep from six breeds: Karacabey Merino (n = 137), Kivircik (n = 116), Cine capari (n = 109), Karakacan (n = 102), Imroz (n = 73), and Chios (n = 50). Sheep were classified as shedders or non-shedders within breeds and flocks. The first group was the fecal egg shedders (> 50 per gram of feces), and the second group was the no fecal egg shedders (≤ 50 per gram of feces). The exon 1, exon 2, exon 5, exon 7, and a part of 5'UTR of the ovine PAPPA2 gene were genotyped by Sanger sequencing of these two groups. Fourteen synonymous and three non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found. The non-synonymous SNPs, D109N, D391H, and L409R variants, are reported for the first time. Two haplotype blocks were constructed on exon 2 and exon 7. The specific haplotype, C391G424G449T473C515A542 on the exon 2 that carries the 391H variant, was tested against four other common haplotypes. Our results indicate that C391G424G449T473C515A542 haplotype was significantly associated with fecal egg shedding status in adult Turkish sheep (p-value, 0.044).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalçın Yaman
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, 56000, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Veysel Bay
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Semih Sevim
- District Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, 09800, Nazilli, Aydın, Turkey
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Sheep Breeding and Research Institute, 10200, Bandirma, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Aymaz
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Sheep Breeding and Research Institute, 10200, Bandirma, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Murat Keleş
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Sheep Breeding and Research Institute, 10200, Bandirma, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - A Taner Önaldi
- Bahri Dağdaş International Research Institute, 42000, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Özüiçli
- Department of Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, Balıkesir University, 10000, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Bayram Şenlik
- Department of Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, Uludag University, 16000, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Seyrani Koncagül
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, 06000, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Yilmaz
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, 09000, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Cemal Ün
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
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Ye L, Zhang Y, Wu S, Wang Z, Liu F, Wang C, Hu M. Immunoprotection Efficacy of Con A-Purified Proteins against Haemonchus contortus in Goats. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111891. [PMID: 36366399 PMCID: PMC9696691 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes are important pathogens that infect animals, causing significant economic losses globally. Current repeated treatments have led to widespread anthelmintic resistance in nematode populations, so vaccine development offers an alternative control approach. However, only one effective vaccine (named Barbervax) has been developed to protect animals against one of the most pathogenic nematodes of ruminants—Haemonchus contortus (the barber’s pole worm). This vaccine contains a dominant component, Concanavalin A (Con A) purified H11 antigen, which has been shown to induce high levels (>85%) of immune protection in sheep breeds, but in goat breeds, the immunoprotection test of this native protein is still lacking. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy of low-dose Con A-purified proteins for controlling the H. contortus infection in goats. Four-month-old Boer goats were equally divided into two vaccinated groups of 5 μg and 10 μg native proteins, and one adjuvant control. Each goat was immunized subcutaneously thrice and then challenged with 7000 infective third-stage larvae (L3s). The fecal egg count (FEC), degree of anemia, antibody levels of serum and abomasum mucosa, as well as worm burdens, were detected in experimental goats. Our results showed that both 5 μg and 10 μg vaccinated groups induced the effective protection in goats, reduced mean FEC by 71.8% and 68.6%, and mean worm burdens by 69.8% and 61.6%, respectively, compared to the adjuvant control. In addition, we detected that the serum antibody responses to the Con A-purified proteins were dominated by the IgG subtype, but the mucosal antibody responses were not detected. These data demonstrate Con A-purified proteins induced effective immunoprotection in goats, and underline their significance for controlling this widespread parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Hu
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (M.H.)
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5
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Wang C, Liu L, Wang T, Liu X, Peng W, Srivastav RK, Zhu XQ, Gupta N, Gasser RB, Hu M. H11-induced immunoprotection is predominantly linked to N-glycan moieties during Haemonchus contortus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034820. [PMID: 36405717 PMCID: PMC9667387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematodes are one of the largest groups of animals on the planet. Many of them are major pathogens of humans, animals and plants, and cause destructive diseases and socioeconomic losses worldwide. Despite their adverse impacts on human health and agriculture, nematodes can be challenging to control, because anthelmintic treatments do not prevent re-infection, and excessive treatment has led to widespread drug resistance in nematode populations. Indeed, many nematode species of livestock animals have become resistant to almost all classes of anthelmintics used. Most efforts to develop commercial anti-nematode vaccines (native or recombinant) for use in animals and humans have not succeeded, although one effective (dead) vaccine (Barbervax) has been developed to protect animals against one of the most pathogenic parasites of livestock animals – Haemonchus contortus (the barber’s pole worm). This vaccine contains native molecules, called H11 and H-Gal-GP, derived from the intestine of this blood-feeding worm. In its native form, H11 alone consistently induces high levels (75-95%) of immunoprotection in animals against disease (haemonchosis), but recombinant forms thereof do not. Here, to test the hypothesis that post-translational modification (glycosylation) of H11 plays a crucial role in achieving such high immunoprotection, we explored the N-glycoproteome and N-glycome of H11 using the high-resolution mass spectrometry and assessed the roles of N-glycosylation in protective immunity against H. contortus. Our results showed conclusively that N-glycan moieties on H11 are the dominant immunogens, which induce high IgG serum antibody levels in immunised animals, and that anti-H11 IgG antibodies can confer specific, passive immunity in naïve animals. This work provides the first detailed account of the relevance and role of protein glycosylation in protective immunity against a parasitic nematode, with important implications for the design of vaccines against metazoan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Peng
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ratnesh Kumar Srivastav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science – Pilani (BITS-P), Hyderabad, India
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Nishith Gupta
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science – Pilani (BITS-P), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin B. Gasser
- Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Robin B. Gasser, ; Min Hu,
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Robin B. Gasser, ; Min Hu,
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Castilla Gómez de Agüero V, Esteban-Blanco C, Argüello H, Valderas-García E, Andrés S, Balaña-Fouce R, Arranz JJ, Gutiérrez-Gil B, Martínez-Valladares M. Microbial community in resistant and susceptible Churra sheep infected by Teladorsagia circumcincta. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17620. [PMID: 36271016 PMCID: PMC9587209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are a major threat to health and welfare in small ruminants worldwide. Teladorsagia circumcincta is a nematode that inhabits the abomasum of sheep, especially in temperate regions, causing important economic losses. Given that T. circumcincta and microbiome share the same niche, interactions between them and the host are expected. Although it is known that within a sheep breed there are animals that are more resistant than others to infection by GIN, it is not known if the microbiome influences the phenotype of these animals. Under this condition, 12 sheep were classified according to their cumulative faecal egg count (cFEC) at the end of a first experimental infection, 6 as resistant group (RG) and 6 as susceptible group (SG) to T. circumcincta infection. Then, all sheep were experimentally infected with 70,000 L3 of T. circumcincta and at day 7 days post-infection were euthanized. At necropsy, gastric mucosa and gastric content from abomasum were collected to extract bacterial DNA and sequence V3-V4 region from 16S rRNA gene using Ilumina technology. After bioanalysis performed, results showed that α-diversity and β-diversity remained similar in both groups. However, resistant phenotype sheep showed a higher number of bacteria butyrate-fermenting species as Clostridium sensu stricto 1 (abundance in RG: 1.29% and in SG: 0.069%; p = 0.05), and Turicibacter (abundance in RG: 0.31% and in SG: 0.027%; p = 0.07) in gastric content but also Serratia spp in gastric mucosa (abundance in RG: 0.12% and in SG: 0.041%; p = 0.07). A trend towards a significant negative correlation between cFEC and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 abundance in gastric content was detected (r = - 0.537; p = 0.08). These data suggest that microbiome composition could be another factor associated with the development of the resistant phenotype modifying the interaction with the host and the in last instance affecting the individual risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Castilla Gómez de Agüero
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, 24346, Grulleros, León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Cristina Esteban-Blanco
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Héctor Argüello
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Elora Valderas-García
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, 24346, Grulleros, León, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Sonia Andrés
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, 24346, Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Juan José Arranz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez-Gil
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Valladares
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, 24346, Grulleros, León, Spain.
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain.
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7
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Rinaldi L, Krücken J, Martinez-Valladares M, Pepe P, Maurelli MP, de Queiroz C, Castilla Gómez de Agüero V, Wang T, Cringoli G, Charlier J, Gilleard JS, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. Advances in diagnosis of gastrointestinal nematodes in livestock and companion animals. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2022; 118:85-176. [PMID: 36088084 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of gastrointestinal nematodes in livestock and companion animals has been neglected for years and there has been an historical underinvestment in the development and improvement of diagnostic tools, undermining the undoubted utility of surveillance and control programmes. However, a new impetus by the scientific community and the quickening pace of technological innovations, are promoting a renaissance of interest in developing diagnostic capacity for nematode infections in veterinary parasitology. A cross-cutting priority for diagnostic tools is the development of pen-side tests and associated decision support tools that rapidly inform on the levels of infection and morbidity. This includes development of scalable, parasite detection using artificial intelligence for automated counting of parasitic elements and research towards establishing biomarkers using innovative molecular and proteomic methods. The aim of this review is to assess the state-of-the-art in the diagnosis of helminth infections in livestock and companion animals and presents the current advances of diagnostic methods for intestinal parasites harnessing (i) automated methods for copromicroscopy based on artificial intelligence, (ii) immunodiagnosis, and (iii) molecular- and proteome-based approaches. Regardless of the method used, multiple factors need to be considered before diagnostics test results can be interpreted in terms of control decisions. Guidelines on how to apply diagnostics and how to interpret test results in different animal species are increasingly requested and some were recently made available in veterinary parasitology for the different domestic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - J Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Martinez-Valladares
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - P Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - M P Maurelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - C de Queiroz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3331 Hospital Drive, Host-Parasite Interactions (HPI) Program University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, St Georges University, Grenada
| | - V Castilla Gómez de Agüero
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - T Wang
- Kreavet, Kruibeke, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Cringoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - J S Gilleard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3331 Hospital Drive, Host-Parasite Interactions (HPI) Program University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - G von Samson-Himmelstjerna
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Differences in the protection elicited by a recombinant Teladorsagia circumcincta vaccine in weaned lambs of two Canarian sheep breeds. Vet Parasitol 2022; 306:109722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Ahuir-Baraja AE, Cibot F, Llobat L, Garijo MM. Anthelmintic resistance: is a solution possible? Exp Parasitol 2021; 230:108169. [PMID: 34627787 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
More than 50 years after anthelmintic resistance was first identified, its prevalence and impact on the animal production industry continues to increase across the world. The term "anthelmintic resistance" (AR) can be briefly defined as the reduction in efficacy of a certain dose of anthelmintic drugs (AH) in eliminating the presence of a parasite population that was previously susceptible. The main aim of this study is to examine anthelmintic resistance in domestic herbivores. There are numerous factors playing a role in the development of AR, but the most important is livestock management. The price of AH and the need to treat a high number of animals mean that farmers face significant costs in this regard, yet, since 1981, little progress has been made in the discovery of new molecules and the time and cost required to bring a new AH to market has increased dramatically in recent decades. Furthermore, resistance has also emerged for new AH, such as monepantel or derquantel. Consequently, ruminant parasitism cannot be controlled solely by using synthetic chemicals. A change in approach is needed, using a range of preventive measures in order to achieve a sustainable control programme. The use of nematophagous fungi or of plant extracts rich in compounds with anthelmintic properties, such as terpenes, condensed tannins, or flavonoids, represent potential alternatives. Nevertheless, although new approaches are showing promising results, there is still much to do. More research focused on the control of AR is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Ahuir-Baraja
- Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Research Group (PARAVET), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Spain
| | - F Cibot
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Spain
| | - L Llobat
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction Research Group (PROVAGINBIO), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Spain.
| | - M M Garijo
- Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Research Group (PARAVET), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Spain
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10
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Lamassiaude N, Courtot E, Corset A, Charvet CL, Neveu C. Pharmacological characterization of novel heteromeric GluCl subtypes from C. elegans and parasitic nematodes. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1264-1279. [PMID: 34623639 PMCID: PMC9306661 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are the most widely used broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs for the treatment of parasitic nematodes impacting both human and animal health. MLs are known to act as agonist of the nematode glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls). However, for many important nematode species, the GluCls subunit composition and pharmacological properties remain largely unknown. In order to get new insights about the GluCl diversity and MLs mode of action, we identified and pharmacologically characterized receptors made of highly conserved GluCl subunits from the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the human filarial nematode Brugia malayi and the horse parasite Parascaris univalens. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH AVR-14, GLC-2, GLC3 and GLC-4 are the most conserved GluCl subunits throughout the Nematoda phylum. For each nematode species, we investigated the ability of these subunits to form either homomeric or heteromeric GluCls when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and performed the detailed pharmacological characterization of the functional channels. KEY RESULTS Here, a total of 14 GluCls have been functionally reconstituted and heteromers formation was inferred from pharmacological criteria. Importantly, we report that the GLC-2 subunit plays a pivotal role in the composition of heteromeric GluCls in nematodes. In addition, we describe a novel GluCl subtype, made of the GLC-2/GLC-3 subunit combination, for which a high concentration of the anthelmintics ivermectin and moxidectin reversibly potentiate glutamate-induced response. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study brings new insights into the diversity of GluCl subtypes in nematodes and promote novel drug targets for the development of next generation anthelmintic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cédric Neveu
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France
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11
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Jayawardene KLTD, Palombo EA, Boag PR. Natural Products Are a Promising Source for Anthelmintic Drug Discovery. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1457. [PMID: 34680090 PMCID: PMC8533416 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes infect almost all forms of life. In the human context, parasites are one of the major causative factors for physical and intellectual growth retardation in the developing world. In the agricultural setting, parasites have a great economic impact through a reduction in livestock performance or control cost. The main method of controlling these devastating conditions is the use of anthelmintic drugs. Unfortunately, there are only a few anthelmintic drug classes available in the market and significant resistance has developed in most of the parasitic species of livestock. Therefore, development of new anthelmintics with different modes of action is critical for sustainable parasitic control in the future. The drug development pipeline is broadly limited to two types of molecules, namely synthetic compounds and natural plant products. Compared to synthetic compounds, natural products are highly diverse, and many have historically proven valuable in folk medicine to treat various gastrointestinal ailments. This review focus on the use of traditional knowledge-based plant extracts in the development of new therapeutic leads, the approaches used as screening techniques, and common bottlenecks and opportunities in plant-based anthelmintic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. L. T. Dilrukshi Jayawardene
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Enzo A. Palombo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Peter R. Boag
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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12
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Lu M, Tian X, Wang W, Zhang Y, Aimulajiang K, Tian AL, Li C, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. The excretory-secretory antigen HcADRM1 to generate protective immunity against Haemonchus contortus. Parasitology 2021; 148:1497-1508. [PMID: 34193327 PMCID: PMC11010155 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The prevention, treatment and control of Haemonchus contortus have been increasingly problematic due to its widespread occurrence and anthelmintic resistance. There are very few descriptions of recombinant antigens being protective for H. contortus, despite the success of various native antigen preparations, including Barbervax. We recently identified an H. contortus excretory–secretory antigen, H. contortus adhesion-regulating molecule 1 (HcADRM1), that served as an immunomodulator to impair host T-cell functions. Given the prophylactic potential of HcADRM1 protein as a vaccine candidate, we hereby assessed the efficacies of HcADRM1 preparations against H. contortus infection. Parasitological and immunological parameters were evaluated throughout all time points of the trials, including fecal egg counts (FEC), abomasal worm burdens, complete blood counts, cytokine production profiles and antibody responses. Active vaccination with recombinant HcADRM1 (rHcADRM1) protein induced protective immunity in inoculated goats, resulting in reductions of 48.9 and 58.6% in cumulative FEC and worm burdens. Simultaneously, passive administration of anti-HcADRM1 antibodies generated encouraging levels of protection with 46.7 and 56.2% reductions in cumulative FEC and worm burdens in challenged goats. In addition, HcADRM1 preparations-immunized goats showed significant differences in mucosal and serum antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, total mucosal IgA levels, haemoglobin values and circulating interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17A production compared to control goats in both trials. The preliminary data of these laboratory trials validated the immunoprophylactic effects of rHcADRM1 protein. It can be pursued as a potential vaccine antigen to develop an effective recombinant subunit vaccine against H. contortus under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Tian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, P. R. China
| | - Kalibixiati Aimulajiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Ling Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province730046, P. R. China
| | - Charles Li
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD20705, USA
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, P. R. China
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13
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Suárez G, Geldhof P, Borloo J, Pérez-Caballero R, Robaina D, Buffoni L, Alonzo P, Martínez-Moreno A, Correa O, Tort J, Pérez J, Claerebout E. Evaluation of a Cooperia oncophora double-domain ASP-based vaccine against Cooperia spp. infections in cattle and sheep. Vet Parasitol 2021; 299:109578. [PMID: 34571323 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A double-domain activation-associated secreted protein (dd-Co-ASP) isolated from the bovine small intestinal parasite Cooperia oncophora was previously shown to be an effective vaccine candidate to protect calves against a homologous challenge infection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the dd-Co-ASP protein, purified from a Belgian C. oncophora isolate, would offer protection against a C. oncophora isolate from the southern hemisphere as well as other Cooperia species such as C. punctata in cattle and C. curticei in sheep. Two vaccination studies were performed, i.e. one in cattle and one in sheep, in which the protective effects of dd-Co-ASP, supplemented with Quil A as an adjuvant, were compared with an adjuvant control. Whereas our results showed a 75 % reduction in Cooperia spp. cumulative faecal egg counts, the results obtained in sheep demonstrated that dd-Co-ASP was ineffective in raising a protective immune response against a C. curticei challenge infection. Even though sequence analysis of the dd-Co-ASP gene revealed restricted sequence heterogeneity in the double domain ASP within and between bovine Cooperia species, the results of the vaccine study suggest that there is sufficient conservation at the protein level to yield cross-protection, holding promise for the development of a general Cooperia vaccine for use in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Suárez
- Unidad de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Alberto Lasplaces 1620, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - P Geldhof
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - J Borloo
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - R Pérez-Caballero
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - D Robaina
- Unidad de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Alberto Lasplaces 1620, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Buffoni
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - P Alonzo
- Campo Experimental, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Ruta 82 km 46, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - A Martínez-Moreno
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - O Correa
- Departamento Parasitología, Facultad Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Alberto Lasplaces 1620, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - J Tort
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - J Pérez
- Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - E Claerebout
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Taki AC, Byrne JJ, Wang T, Sleebs BE, Nguyen N, Hall RS, Korhonen PK, Chang BC, Jackson P, Jabbar A, Gasser RB. High-Throughput Phenotypic Assay to Screen for Anthelmintic Activity on Haemonchus contortus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070616. [PMID: 34206910 PMCID: PMC8308562 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic worms cause very significant diseases in animals and humans worldwide, and their control is critical to enhance health, well-being and productivity. Due to widespread drug resistance in many parasitic worms of animals globally, there is a major, continuing demand for the discovery and development of anthelmintic drugs for use to control these worms. Here, we established a practical, cost-effective and semi-automated high throughput screening (HTS) assay, which relies on the measurement of motility of larvae of the barber’s pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) using infrared light-interference. Using this assay, we screened 80,500 small molecules and achieved a hit rate of 0.05%. We identified three small molecules that reproducibly inhibited larval motility and/or development (IC50 values of ~4 to 41 µM). Future work will critically assess the potential of selected hits as candidates for subsequent optimisation or repurposing against parasitic nematodes. This HTS assay has a major advantage over most previous assays in that it achieves a ≥ 10-times higher throughput (i.e., 10,000 compounds per week), and is thus suited to the screening of libraries of tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of compounds for subsequent hit-to-lead optimisation or effective repurposing and development. The current assay should be adaptable to many socioeconomically important parasitic nematodes, including those that cause neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). This aspect is of relevance, given the goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) Roadmap for NTDs 2021–2030, to develop more effective drugs and drug combinations to improve patient outcomes and circumvent the ineffectiveness of some current anthelmintic drugs and possible drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya C. Taki
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.C.T.); (J.J.B.); (T.W.); (B.E.S.); (R.S.H.); (P.K.K.); (B.C.H.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Joseph J. Byrne
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.C.T.); (J.J.B.); (T.W.); (B.E.S.); (R.S.H.); (P.K.K.); (B.C.H.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.C.T.); (J.J.B.); (T.W.); (B.E.S.); (R.S.H.); (P.K.K.); (B.C.H.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Brad E. Sleebs
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.C.T.); (J.J.B.); (T.W.); (B.E.S.); (R.S.H.); (P.K.K.); (B.C.H.C.); (A.J.)
- Chemical Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- Chemical Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ross S. Hall
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.C.T.); (J.J.B.); (T.W.); (B.E.S.); (R.S.H.); (P.K.K.); (B.C.H.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Pasi K. Korhonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.C.T.); (J.J.B.); (T.W.); (B.E.S.); (R.S.H.); (P.K.K.); (B.C.H.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Bill C.H. Chang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.C.T.); (J.J.B.); (T.W.); (B.E.S.); (R.S.H.); (P.K.K.); (B.C.H.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Paul Jackson
- Johnson & Johnson, Global Public Health, Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA;
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.C.T.); (J.J.B.); (T.W.); (B.E.S.); (R.S.H.); (P.K.K.); (B.C.H.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Robin B. Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.C.T.); (J.J.B.); (T.W.); (B.E.S.); (R.S.H.); (P.K.K.); (B.C.H.C.); (A.J.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Machín C, Corripio-Miyar Y, Hernández JN, Pérez-Hernández T, Hayward AD, Wright HW, Price DRG, Matthews JB, McNeilly TN, Nisbet AJ, González JF. Cellular and humoral immune responses associated with protection in sheep vaccinated against Teladorsagia circumcincta. Vet Res 2021; 52:89. [PMID: 34134748 PMCID: PMC8207578 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to increased anthelmintic resistance, complementary methods to drugs are necessary to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Vaccines are an environmentally-friendly and promising option. In a previous study, a Teladorsagia circumcincta recombinant sub-unit vaccine was administered to two sheep breeds with different levels of resistance against GIN. In the susceptible Canaria Sheep (CS) breed, vaccinates harboured smaller worms with fewer eggs in utero than the control group. Here, we extend this work, by investigating the cellular and humoral immune responses of these two sheep breeds following vaccination and experimental infection with T. circumcincta. In the vaccinated CS group, negative associations between antigen-specific IgA, IgG2 and Globule Leukocytes (GLs) with several parasitological parameters were established as well as a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio than in control CS animals, suggesting a key role in the protection induced by the vaccine. In the more resistant Canaria Hair Breed (CHB) sheep the vaccine did not significantly impact on the parasitological parameters studied and none of these humoral associations were observed in vaccinated CHB lambs, although CHB had higher proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells within the abomasal lymph nodes, suggesting higher mucosal T cell activation. Each of the component proteins in the vaccine induced an increase in immunoglobulin levels in vaccinated groups of each breed. However, levels of immunoglobulins to only three of the antigens (Tci-MEP-1, Tci-SAA-1, Tci-ASP-1) were negatively correlated with parasitological parameters in the CS breed and they may be, at least partially, responsible for the protective effect of the vaccine in this breed. These data could be useful for improving the current vaccine prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Machín
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | | | - Julia N Hernández
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain.
| | - Tara Pérez-Hernández
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge F González
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
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Bambou JC, Ceï W, Arquet R, Calif V, Bocage B, Mandonnet N, Alexandre G. Mixed Grazing and Dietary Supplementation Improve the Response to Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasitism and Production Performances of Goats. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:628686. [PMID: 33969031 PMCID: PMC8102786 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.628686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ruminants are very affected by gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasitism worldwide. The improvement of the host protective response and the reduction of the probability of contact between hosts and parasites appear as very promising strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combination of two components of these two strategies on natural GIN infection and production performances of Creole goat kids: dietary supplementation and a rotational mixed grazing system. One hundred and twenty weaned Creole kids and six Creole heifers were divided into four experimental batches: Splus (supplemented) vs. Szero (non-supplemented) × Mixed grazing (kids associated with heifers) vs. Control (kids alone), and grazing plots of forage grasses were balanced for live weight (LW) in both species. The feed intake, blood, and parasitological parameters and production performances between 3 and 11 months of age were monitored. The fecal egg count (FEC) was significantly lower and the packed cell volume (PCV) significantly higher in the Mixed grazing groups. No effect of supplementation was observed for FEC. In contrast, PCV, body condition score, and live weight were significantly higher in supplemented animals whatever the groups. Mixed grazing system and supplementation had significant effects on the slaughter parameters (P < 0.05), but there was no significant interaction. Our results suggested that the advantage driven either by mixed grazing or dietary supplementation on kids' performances would be equivalent, and the combination of both would improve the animal performances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Willy Ceï
- URZ, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques INRAE, Petit-Bourg, France
| | - Rémy Arquet
- PTEA, Plateforme Tropicale d'Expérimentation sur l'Animal INRAE, Le Moule, France
| | - Valériuse Calif
- URZ, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques INRAE, Petit-Bourg, France
| | - Bruno Bocage
- PTEA, Plateforme Tropicale d'Expérimentation sur l'Animal INRAE, Le Moule, France
| | | | - Gisèle Alexandre
- URZ, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques INRAE, Petit-Bourg, France
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Aimulajiang K, Wen Z, Tian X, Lakho SA, Zhang Y, Naqvi MAUH, Liang M, Song X, Xu L, Li X, Yan R. Unveiling the Immunomodulatory Characteristics of Haemonchus contortus Ephrin Domain Containing Protein in the Parasite-Host Interactions. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112137. [PMID: 33213045 PMCID: PMC7698521 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Haemonchus contortus excretory/secretory products (HcESPs) contain many proteins that can perform various functions including modulating the host immune response. Recent studies indicate that IL-9 can be secreted by a specialized population of T cells called Th9 cells, which mediate anti-parasite immunity. Furthermore, HcESPs could enhance goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived Th9 cells production. Ephrin domain containing protein (EPH) was identified as one of the HcESPs that can be isolated from different stages of this helminth. Nonetheless, the understanding of immunomodulatory roles of EPH on Th9 and other immune cells remains limited. In this study, the correlation between recombinant H. contortus Ephrin domain containing protein(rHcEPH)and goat PBMCs significantly enhanced Th9 cells differentiation, IL-9 expression, cell apoptosis efficiency, and cell migration, whereas cell proliferation was suppressed significantly depending on the concentration. Our findings illustrated that rHcEPH protein is linked to modulate the host immune cells and could enhance protective immunity by inducing Th9 cells secreted IL-9 in vitro. Abstract Ephrin domain containing protein (EPH), a significant excreted and secreted product (ESPs) of Haemonchus contortus, has been identified to have antigenic functions. Over the past years, a new subset of CD4 + T named as T helper 9 cells that secrete interleukin-9 (IL-9) as a signature cytokine is associated with tumor immunity and allergy. Nonetheless, the understanding of immunomodulatory roles of EPH on goat Th9 and other immune cells remains limited. Herein, EPH from H. contortus (HcEPH) was cloned and expressed in pET-28a. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was carried-out to localize rHcEPH within H. contortus adult worms and to bind with goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Besides, the impact of rHcEPH on signature cytokine IL-9 expression in goat PBMCs was evaluated. Flow cytometry was employed to examine Th9 cells production and cell apoptosis. The results revealed success in the expression and localization of rHcEPH in surface of adult H. contortus gut sections. According to IFA analysis, the rHcEPH protein was capable to react precisely with anti-H. contortus antibodies. Further functional analysis showed that correlation between rHcEPH and host PBMCs significantly enhanced Th9 cell differentiation, IL-9 expression, cell apoptosis efficiency, and cell migration, whereas cell proliferation was suppressed significantly depending on the concentration. Our observations indicated that rHcEPH protein is linked to modulate the host immune cells and could enhance protective immunity by inducing Th9 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruofeng Yan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-84395904; Fax: +86-25-84399000
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Lundberg SS, McNeilly TN, McAnulty RW, Greer AW. Attempts to induce tolerance to Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in sheep. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12776. [PMID: 32672355 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The possibility of manipulating the immune response in lambs to the gastrointestinal nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis to reduce production losses associated with infection was investigated. In a series of four experiments, attempts to immunize sheep via the mucosal route to modify the immune response and induce mucosal tolerance are outlined. Initially, a proof of concept study was conducted with lambs being injected with multiple doses of a somatic T colubriformis antigen without an adjuvant in the rectal submucosa and subsequently challenged with T colubriformis L3 larvae. This was followed by a dose-response study comparing different antigen doses to identify the optimum dose of the nematode antigen for successful induction of mucosal tolerance. The final two studies were conducted to determine the larval stage specificity of the parasite antigen and the most suitable site of delivery required to stimulate mucosal tolerance. METHODS In the proof of concept study, lambs either received repeated injections in the rectal submucosa at 3 × weekly intervals with 15 µg of L3, 11 µg of L4 and 21 µg of immature adult (L5) somatic T colubriformis antigens (ANT) or not (INF) prior to infection with T colubriformis. In the dose-rate study, antigen dose rates of 100%, 50%, 10%, 1% or 0% of the antigen concentration used in the proof of concept study were compared while the larval stage study compared antigen from either L3, L4, L5 stages or combination of all (COMB) and the route of administration study compared antigen delivery into either the rectal submucosa (RE) or sub-cutaneous injection (SC). RESULTS During infection, lamb growth was improved by antigen treatment between days 21 and 42 in the proof of concept study (P = .009), for groups 10%, 50% and 100% in the dose-rate study (P < .05 for all) and in RE in the route of administration study with no improvement observed in the larval stage study. No differences in faecal egg counts were observed (P > .05 for all). Parasite-specific IgA and IgE showed a dose-response (the dose-rate study), were not affected by larval stage (the larval stage study) and were greater in RE than SC (the route of administration study). IL-4 production following lymphocyte stimulation was greatest in COMB (the larval stage study) and RE (the route of administration study). CONCLUSIONS Although antigen treatment improved performance, this was inconsistent and appeared to stimulate immunity rather than induce tolerance. Combined larval stages were more efficient than individual stages, and intra-rectal administration was more effective than sub-cutaneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Lundberg
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tom N McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Robin W McAnulty
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew W Greer
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
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19
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The potential for vaccines against scour worms of small ruminants. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:533-553. [PMID: 32569640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the research landscape regarding vaccines against scour worms, particularly Trichostrongylus spp. and Teladorsagia circumcincta. The inability of past research to deliver scour-worm vaccines with reliable and reproducible efficacy has been due in part to gaps in knowledge concerning: (i) host-parasite interactions leading to development of type-2 immunity, (ii) definition of an optimal suite of parasite antigens, and (iii) rational formulation and administration to induce protective immunity against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) at the site of infestation. Recent 'omics' developments enable more systematic analyses. GIN genomes are reaching completion, facilitating "reverse vaccinology" approaches that have been used successfully for the Rhipicephalus australis vaccine for cattle tick, while methods for gene silencing and editing in GIN enable identification and validation of potential vaccine antigens. We envisage that any efficacious scour worm vaccine(s) would be adopted similarly to "Barbervax™" within integrated parasite management schemes. Vaccines would therefore effectively parallel the use of resistant animals, and reduce the frequency of drenching and pasture contamination. These aspects of integration, efficacy and operation require updated models and validation in the field. The conclusion of this review outlines an approach to facilitate an integrated research program.
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Claerebout E, Geldhof P. Helminth Vaccines in Ruminants: From Development to Application. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 36:159-171. [PMID: 32029181 PMCID: PMC7125739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Claerebout
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Parasitology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Parasitology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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21
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Charlier J, Höglund J, Morgan ER, Geldhof P, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E. Biology and Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 36:1-15. [PMID: 32029177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the basics of gastrointestinal nematode biology and pathophysiology in cattle and describes how gastrointestinal nematode epidemiology is driven by environmental, host, and farm economic determinants. Adverse effects from gastrointestinal nematodes on their hosts are caused by tissue damage, nutrient absorption, immunopathologic effects, and reduced food intake induced by hormonal changes. Weather and microenvironmental factors influence the development and survival of free-living parasitic stages. A holistic control approach entails the consideration of environmental, immunologic, and socioeconomic aspects of nematode epidemiology and is key for the development and communication of sustainable control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Höglund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, Box 7036, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Eric R Morgan
- Biological Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Parasitology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Jozef Vercruysse
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Parasitology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Edwin Claerebout
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Parasitology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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22
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Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Reguera RM, Rojo-Vázquez F, Balaña-Fouce R, Martínez-Valladares M. Drug discovery technologies: Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for anthelmintic therapeutics. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1715-1753. [PMID: 32166776 DOI: 10.1002/med.21668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Helminthiasis is one of the gravest problems worldwide. There is a growing concern on less available anthelmintics and the emergence of resistance creating a major threat to human and livestock health resources. Novel and broad-spectrum anthelmintics are urgently needed. The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans could address this issue through automated high-throughput technologies for the screening of large chemical libraries. This review discusses the strong advantages and limitations for using C elegans as a screening method for anthelmintic drug discovery. C elegans is the best model available for the validation of novel effective drugs in treating most, if not all, helminth infections, and for the elucidation the mode of action of anthelmintic candidates. This review also focuses on available technologies in the discovery of anthelmintics published over the last 15 years with particular attention to high-throughput technologies over conventional screens. On the other hand, this review highlights how combinatorial and nanomedicine strategies could prolong the use of anthelmintics and control resistance problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Rosa M Reguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Francisco Rojo-Vázquez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Valladares
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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23
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Tian X, Lu M, Jia C, Bu Y, Aimulajiang K, Zhang Y, Li C, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. Haemonchus contortus transthyretin domain - containing protein (HcTTR): A promising vaccine candidate against Haemonchus contortus infection. Vet Parasitol 2020; 279:109045. [PMID: 32045836 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus transthyretin domain-containing protein (HcTTR) with 136 amino acids belongs to a transthyretin-like (TTL) family member. In our previous study, it was reported that HcTTR was a novel antagonist of the goat cytokine Interleukin 4 (IL-4), and was involved in the regulation of host immune responses, implying that it might be applied for therapeutic strategies or vaccine development against the infection of H. contortus. Thus, the protective capacities of HcTTR against H. contortus infections via active and passive immunization trials were examined. For the passive protection trials, H. contortus-infected goats were intravenously immunized twice with 5 mg of total IgG containing anti-rHcTTR goat polyclonal antibodies. The results showed that the significant rates of reduction in egg shedding and worm burden was 58.12% and 64.61%, respectively, as compared with the positive control group. For the active protection trials, local goats were vaccinated twice with 500 μg of recombinant HcTTR to generate antigen-specific circulating antibodies, resulting in 63.7% reduction in eggs shedding and 66.4% reduction in worm burdens after H. contortus challenge. In both passive and active trials, the immunized goats displayed higher mucosal IgA levels and less anaemic compared to the challenged positive controls. Pen trials indicated that HcTTR generated partial immune protective effects against H. contortus challenge and it could be a promising vaccine candidate for development of effective strategy to control H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Tian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Mingmin Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Caiwen Jia
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Yongqian Bu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Kalibixiati Aimulajiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Charles Li
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Rose Vineer H, Verschave SH, Claerebout E, Vercruysse J, Shaw DJ, Charlier J, Morgan ER. GLOWORM-PARA: a flexible framework to simulate the population dynamics of the parasitic phase of gastrointestinal nematodes infecting grazing livestock. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:133-144. [PMID: 31981671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes are a significant threat to the economic and environmental sustainability of keeping livestock, as adequate control becomes increasingly difficult due to the development of anthelmintic resistance in some systems and climate-driven changes to infection dynamics. To mitigate any negative impacts of climate on gastrointestinal nematode epidemiology and slow anthelmintic resistance development, there is a need to develop effective, targeted control strategies that minimise the unnecessary use of anthelmintic drugs and incorporate alternative strategies such as vaccination and evasive grazing. However, the impacts climate and gastrointestinal nematode epidemiology may have on the optimal control strategy are generally not considered, due to lack of available evidence to drive recommendations. Parasite transmission models can support control strategy evaluation to target field trials, thus reducing the resources and lead-time required to develop evidence-based control recommendations incorporating climate stochasticity. Gastrointestinal nematode population dynamics arising from natural infections have been difficult to replicate and model applications have often focussed on the free-living stages. A flexible framework is presented for the parasitic phase of gastrointestinal nematodes, GLOWORM-PARA, which complements an existing model of the free-living stages, GLOWORM-FL. Longitudinal parasitological data for two species that are of major economic importance in cattle, Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora, were obtained from seven cattle farms in Belgium for model validation. The framework replicated the observed seasonal dynamics of infection in cattle on these farms and overall, there was no evidence of systematic under- or over-prediction of faecal egg counts. However, the model under-predicted the faecal egg counts observed on one farm with very young calves, highlighting potential areas of uncertainty that may need further investigation if the model is to be applied to young livestock. The model could be used to drive further research into alternative parasite control strategies such as vaccine development and novel treatment approaches, and to understand gastrointestinal nematode epidemiology under changing climate and host management.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rose Vineer
- Veterinary Parasitology and Ecology Group, Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK; Cabot Institute, Royal Fort House, University of Bristol, BS8 1UJ, UK; Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - S H Verschave
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - E Claerebout
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - J Vercruysse
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - D J Shaw
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
| | - J Charlier
- Kreavet, Hendrik Mertensstraat 17, 9150 Kruibeke, Belgium
| | - E R Morgan
- Veterinary Parasitology and Ecology Group, Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK; Cabot Institute, Royal Fort House, University of Bristol, BS8 1UJ, UK; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
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25
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González-Sánchez ME, Ndombasi-Bokuy M, Cuquerella M, Alunda JM. Immunization with recombinant rHc23 partially protects lambs against trickle infections by Haemonchus contortus. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:333. [PMID: 31533718 PMCID: PMC6751818 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemonchosis is one of the most economically important parasitic diseases affecting small ruminants all over the world. Chemotherapeutic control has several shortcomings (limited anthelmintic arsenal, frequent resistance) and is hardly affordable by many farm economies. A recombinant antigen (rHc23) was shown to induce significant protection in vaccination trials with single dose challenges and different adjuvants. Results Lambs were vaccinated with 100 μg rHc23/dose + bacterial immunostimulant (BI) (LPS from Escherichia coli + Propionibacterium acnes extract) (days − 2, 0, 7 and 14) and subjected to a trickle infection with two dosages [6x, 1000 infective larvae (L3) or 6x, 2000 L3]. Vaccinated lambs showed a significant antibody response against rHc23 and Haemonchus contortus soluble extract as assessed by ELISA and Western blot (WB). Fecal egg counts (epg) along the experiment of vaccinated and BI treated lambs were significantly reduced. All vaccinated animals showed total egg output and abomasal helminth burdens (median, average) lower than those from unvaccinated or BI-treated animals lambs although differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions Vaccination with 100 μg rHc23/dose + BI against H.contortus trickle infections apparently induced lower epg values and helminth burdens at the end of the experiment. Intragroup individual variations did not allow to obtain conclusive results and more research is needed including adjuvants and larger groups of animals to validate the potential value of rHc23 as candidate to develop a recombinant vaccine for lambs haemonchosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena González-Sánchez
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melissa Ndombasi-Bokuy
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research III, Faculty of Statistical Studies, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Cuquerella
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Alunda
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Impacts of breed type and vaccination on Teladorsagia circumcincta infection in native sheep in Gran Canaria. Vet Res 2019; 50:29. [PMID: 31029163 PMCID: PMC6486963 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines and genetic resistance offer potential future alternatives to the exclusive use of anthelmintics to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Here, a Teladorsagia circumcincta prototype vaccine was administered to two sheep breeds which differ in their relative levels of resistance to infection with GIN. Vaccination of the more susceptible Canaria Sheep (CS) breed induced significant reductions in worm length and numbers of worm eggs in utero (EIU) when compared to control CS sheep. In the more resistant Canaria Hair Breed (CHB), although vaccination induced a reduction in all parasitological parameters analysed, differences between vaccinated and control sheep were not statistically significant. Such interactions between sheep breed and vaccination may allow better integrated control of GIN in future.
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27
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Nisbet AJ, McNeilly TN, Price DRG, Oliver EM, Bartley Y, Mitchell M, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Matthews JB. The rational simplification of a recombinant cocktail vaccine to control the parasitic nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:257-265. [PMID: 30690091 PMCID: PMC6456928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Using data from five independent vaccine trials, which employed a subunit cocktail vaccine containing eight recombinant proteins to protect sheep against Teladorsagia circumcincta, a strategy was developed to simplify antigen complexity of the vaccine. A meta-analysis of data from these five trials demonstrated statistically significant reductions in cumulative faecal egg count and worm burden in vaccinated sheep when compared with those which had received adjuvant only (P = 0.009 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Relationships between antigen-specific antibody levels, antibody avidity and parasitological parameters of efficacy were analysed for each of the eight proteins in these trials. Of these, the strongest correlations between percentage reduction in cumulative faecal egg count and avidity were obtained for the vaccine antigen T. circumcincta apyrase-1 (Tci-APY-1) in relation to either total antigen-specific IgG or IgG1 in sera (P = 0.019 and P = 0.030, respectively). In addition, IgG and IgA within the serum and abomasal mucus of control (parasite challenged) lambs strongly recognised Tci-APY-1 and T. circumcincta metalloproteinase-1 (Tci-MEP-1) but only weakly bound the other six antigens, indicating Tci-APY-1 and Tci-MEP-1 are most effectively recognised by the parasite-induced antibody response. On the basis of these findings, a two-protein vaccine comprising Tci-APY-1 and Tci-MEP-1 was tested in a direct comparison with the original eight-component vaccine. A further group was immunised with Tci-MEP-1 in combination with a mutated form of Tci-APY-1 (mTci-APY-1), which had no enzymatic activity. Across the trial, the mean faecal egg count levels of the eight-antigen recipients were lower than those of the adjuvant only control group (P = 0.013) and the mean FEC of the mTci-APY-1 and Tci-MEP-1 recipients was lower, although not statistically significantly, than that of the adjuvant-only control group (P = 0.093). Mean cumulative faecal egg count levels were reduced by 43% in lambs immunised with mTci-APY-1 plus Tci-MEP-1 compared with the controls (P = 0.079).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Tom N McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R G Price
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - E Margaret Oliver
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi Mitchell
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jacqueline B Matthews
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
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28
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Morgan ER, Aziz NAA, Blanchard A, Charlier J, Charvet C, Claerebout E, Geldhof P, Greer AW, Hertzberg H, Hodgkinson J, Höglund J, Hoste H, Kaplan RM, Martínez-Valladares M, Mitchell S, Ploeger HW, Rinaldi L, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Sotiraki S, Schnyder M, Skuce P, Bartley D, Kenyon F, Thamsborg SM, Vineer HR, de Waal T, Williams AR, van Wyk JA, Vercruysse J. 100 Questions in Livestock Helminthology Research. Trends Parasitol 2018; 35:52-71. [PMID: 30477758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An elicitation exercise was conducted to collect and identify pressing questions concerning the study of helminths in livestock, to help guide research priorities. Questions were invited from the research community in an inclusive way. Of 385 questions submitted, 100 were chosen by online vote, with priority given to open questions in important areas that are specific enough to permit investigation within a focused project or programme of research. The final list of questions was divided into ten themes. We present the questions and set them briefly in the context of the current state of knowledge. Although subjective, the results provide a snapshot of current concerns and perceived priorities in the field of livestock helminthology, and we hope that they will stimulate ongoing or new research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Morgan
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Nor-Azlina A Aziz
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Claude Charvet
- ISP, INRA, Université Tours, UMR1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Edwin Claerebout
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Andrew W Greer
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln University, Christchurch, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Hubertus Hertzberg
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jane Hodgkinson
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Johan Höglund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BVF-parasitology, Box 7036, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hervé Hoste
- UMR 1225 IHAP INRA/ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Ray M Kaplan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - María Martínez-Valladares
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain
| | - Siân Mitchell
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Carmarthen Veterinary Investigation Centre, Jobswell Road, Johnstown, Carmarthen, SA31 3EZ, UK
| | - Harm W Ploeger
- Utrecht University, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, HAO-DEMETER, Campus Thermi 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Manuela Schnyder
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip Skuce
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - David Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Fiona Kenyon
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hannah Rose Vineer
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Theo de Waal
- University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jan A van Wyk
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jozef Vercruysse
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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29
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Gascoigne E, Morgan ER, Lovatt F, Vineer HR. Controlling nematode infections in sheep: application of HACCP. IN PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.k3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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30
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Easton S, Pinchbeck GL, Bartley DJ, Hodgkinson JE, Matthews JB. A survey of experiences of UK cattle and sheep farmers with anthelmintic prescribers; Are best practice principles being deployed at farm level? Prev Vet Med 2018; 155:27-37. [PMID: 29786522 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Helminths are common pathogens of ruminants. These are controlled by anthelmintics; however, resistance is a major issue. More sustainable practices need to be deployed to protect anthelmintic efficacy. There is no published information on how farmer/prescriber interactions at anthelmintic purchase shape application of best practice on-farm. To determine experiences of UK ruminant farmers as they relate to anthelmintic purchasing/provision of best practice advice at the point-of-sale, an online survey was distributed. This explored farmer experiences in purchasing anthelmintics from the three UK animal medicines' prescribers (veterinarians, Suitably Qualified Persons [SQPs], veterinary pharmacists) and investigated farmer attitudes to anthelmintic use and resistance. First, farmers were grouped according to whom they purchased anthelmintics from, including those that purchased from > 1 prescriber type. The results indicated there was no significant difference between the type of prescriber from whom farmers bought anthelmintics and route (face-to-face, telephone, online) through which they purchased them. Farmers who bought from veterinarians were more likely to view prescriber knowledge as more important. When asked who influenced purchase, there was a significant difference; farmers tended to be most influenced by the prescriber they purchased from. Those who bought from various types of prescriber were most influenced by veterinarians. Farmers who purchased from veterinarians were significantly more likely to state their seller discussed/recommended faecal egg count (FEC) testing and management strategies to reduce anthelmintic use than those who purchased from SQPs or from > 1 prescribing channel. When grouped according to purchase route, farmers that bought through face-to-face interactions were significantly more likely to state they valued prescriber knowledge of parasites/anthelmintics than farmers that purchased via the telephone or internet. Farmers that purchased online were significantly less likely to consider prescriber advice. Analysis was then applied based on the type of livestock farmed. Generally, sheep farmers undertook FEC testing more than cattle farmers. Relatively few farmers stated they conducted anthelmintic sensitivity testing, with the majority of cattle farmers having not tested at all. This was despite a high level of concern for anthelmintic resistance in all types of farmers. 'Cattle only' farmers viewed convenience factors as more important than those that managed sheep or sheep/cattle. The results suggest that UK farmers that bought anthelmintics from veterinarians were more likely to be exposed to diagnostic-led control advice. Gaps in advice provision, particularly in relation to efficacy testing, were identified in all farmer groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Easton
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Gina L Pinchbeck
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK
| | - David J Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Jane E Hodgkinson
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK
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Stutzer C, Richards SA, Ferreira M, Baron S, Maritz-Olivier C. Metazoan Parasite Vaccines: Present Status and Future Prospects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:67. [PMID: 29594064 PMCID: PMC5859119 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic parasites and pathogens continue to cause some of the most detrimental and difficult to treat diseases (or disease states) in both humans and animals, while also continuously expanding into non-endemic countries. Combined with the ever growing number of reports on drug-resistance and the lack of effective treatment programs for many metazoan diseases, the impact that these organisms will have on quality of life remain a global challenge. Vaccination as an effective prophylactic treatment has been demonstrated for well over 200 years for bacterial and viral diseases. From the earliest variolation procedures to the cutting edge technologies employed today, many protective preparations have been successfully developed for use in both medical and veterinary applications. In spite of the successes of these applications in the discovery of subunit vaccines against prokaryotic pathogens, not many targets have been successfully developed into vaccines directed against metazoan parasites. With the current increase in -omics technologies and metadata for eukaryotic parasites, target discovery for vaccine development can be expedited. However, a good understanding of the host/vector/pathogen interface is needed to understand the underlying biological, biochemical and immunological components that will confer a protective response in the host animal. Therefore, systems biology is rapidly coming of age in the pursuit of effective parasite vaccines. Despite the difficulties, a number of approaches have been developed and applied to parasitic helminths and arthropods. This review will focus on key aspects of vaccine development that require attention in the battle against these metazoan parasites, as well as successes in the field of vaccine development for helminthiases and ectoparasites. Lastly, we propose future direction of applying successes in pursuit of next generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stutzer
- Tick Vaccine Group, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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González-Sánchez ME, Cuquerella M, Alunda JM. Vaccination of lambs against Haemonchus contortus with the recombinant rHc23. Effect of adjuvant and antigen dose. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193118. [PMID: 29513692 PMCID: PMC5841749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is the most pathogenic gastrointestinal helminth of small ruminants. Natural or experimental repeated infections and several native antigens confer a partially protective immune response but vaccination with subunit antigens has been elusive. Promising results have been obtained with a recombinant form of a somatic antigen (rHc23). In this paper we present the results obtained in vaccination trials in lambs using two dosages of rHc23 and standard adjuvants. Six-months old Manchego females lambs were vaccinated with rHc23 (50 or 200 μg/dose) adjuvanted with 1mL aluminum hydroxide on days -42, -28 and -14 or with 200 μg/dose rHc23 and 5 mg Quil A on days -49, -28 and -7. Control lambs were kept receiving only the adjuvants the same days or no treatment. Moreover one group did not receive any treatment or infection. On day 0 vaccinated lambs, untreated animals and those receiving the adjuvant were infected per os with a monospecific single infection of 4000 L3 of H. contortus. Infection was kept for 58 days and follow-up included the determination of serum specific antibody response (ELISA, WB), hematological parameters (eosinophil counts, hematocrit) and fecal egg counts (epg). Absence of hematocrit alterations, reduction of helminth's eggs output and abomasal parasite burden at the end of the experiment were the efficacy criteria of vaccination with the recombinant. Immunization with both adjuvants and antigen dosages elicited strong antibody responses particularly with Quil A. Vaccinated groups showed significant reduction of fecal egg excretion and abomasal helminth burdens. Highest protection of lambs against challenge was achieved with aluminum hydroxide and 200 μg/dose rHc23 with a reduction of over 70% of the abomasal burden and over 80% of fecal egg output. Results suggest that rHc23 could be a valuable recombinant candidate for vaccination against haemonchosis. No clear relationship was found between antibody levels and protection this pointing towards involvement of both humoral and cellular components in the protective response elicited by rHc23.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Montserrat Cuquerella
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Alunda
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Helminth infections have large negative impacts on production efficiency in ruminant farming systems worldwide, and their effective management is essential if livestock production is to increase to meet future human needs for dietary protein. The control of helminths relies heavily on routine use of chemotherapeutics, but this approach is unsustainable as resistance to anthelmintic drugs is widespread and increasing. At the same time, infection patterns are being altered by changes in climate, land-use and farming practices. Future farms will need to adopt more efficient, robust and sustainable control methods, integrating ongoing scientific advances. Here, we present a vision of helminth control in farmed ruminants by 2030, bringing to bear progress in: (1) diagnostic tools, (2) innovative control approaches based on vaccines and selective breeding, (3) anthelmintics, by sustainable use of existing products and potentially new compounds, and (4) rational integration of future control practices. In this review, we identify the technical advances that we believe will place new tools in the hands of animal health decision makers in 2030, to enhance their options for control and allow them to achieve a more integrated and sustainable approach to helminth control in support of animal welfare and production.
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Charlier J, Thamsborg SM, Bartley DJ, Skuce PJ, Kenyon F, Geurden T, Hoste H, Williams AR, Sotiraki S, Höglund J, Chartier C, Geldhof P, van Dijk J, Rinaldi L, Morgan ER, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E. Mind the gaps in research on the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of farmed ruminants and pigs. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65 Suppl 1:217-234. [PMID: 29124904 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) nematode control has an important role to play in increasing livestock production from a limited natural resource base and to improve animal health and welfare. In this synthetic review, we identify key research priorities for GI nematode control in farmed ruminants and pigs, to support the development of roadmaps and strategic research agendas by governments, industry and policymakers. These priorities were derived from the DISCONTOOLS gap analysis for nematodes and follow-up discussions within the recently formed Livestock Helminth Research Alliance (LiHRA). In the face of ongoing spread of anthelmintic resistance (AR), we are increasingly faced with a failure of existing control methods against GI nematodes. Effective vaccines against GI nematodes are generally not available, and anthelmintic treatment will therefore remain a cornerstone for their effective control. At the same time, consumers and producers are increasingly concerned with environmental issues associated with chemical parasite control. To address current challenges in GI nematode control, it is crucial to deepen our insights into diverse aspects of epidemiology, AR, host immune mechanisms and the socio-psychological aspects of nematode control. This will enhance the development, and subsequent uptake, of the new diagnostics, vaccines, pharma-/nutraceuticals, control methods and decision support tools required to respond to the spread of AR and the shifting epidemiology of GI nematodes in response to climatic, land-use and farm husbandry changes. More emphasis needs to be placed on the upfront evaluation of the economic value of these innovations as well as the socio-psychological aspects to prioritize research and facilitate uptake of innovations in practice. Finally, targeted regulatory guidance is needed to create an innovation-supportive environment for industries and to accelerate the access to market of new control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Charlier
- Kreavet, Kruibeke, Belgium.,Avia-GIS, Zoersel, Belgium
| | - S M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - P J Skuce
- Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - F Kenyon
- Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - H Hoste
- UMR IHAP 1225, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A R Williams
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - S Sotiraki
- VetResInst, HAO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J Höglund
- BVF, Section for Parasitology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - P Geldhof
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - J van Dijk
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | - L Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - E R Morgan
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, North Somerset, UK
| | | | - J Vercruysse
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E Claerebout
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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González-Hernández A, Borloo J, Peelaers I, Casaert S, Leclercq G, Claerebout E, Geldhof P. Comparative analysis of the immune responses induced by native versus recombinant versions of the ASP-based vaccine against the bovine intestinal parasite Cooperia oncophora. Int J Parasitol 2017; 48:41-49. [PMID: 28859849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The protective capacities of a native double-domain activation-associated secreted protein (ndd-ASP)-based vaccine against the cattle intestinal nematode Cooperia oncophora has previously been demonstrated. However, protection analysis upon vaccination with a recombinantly produced antigen has never been performed. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to test the protective potential of a Pichia-produced double-domain ASP (pdd-ASP)-based vaccine against C. oncophora. Additionally, we aimed to compare the cellular and humoral mechanisms underlying the vaccine-induced responses by the native (ndd-ASP) and recombinant vaccines. Immunisation of cattle with the native C. oncophora vaccine conferred significant levels of protection after an experimental challenge infection, whereas the recombinant vaccine did not. Moreover, vaccination with ndd-ASP resulted in a higher proliferation of CD4-T cells both systemically and in the small intestinal mucosa when compared with animals vaccinated with the recombinant antigen. In terms of humoral response, although both native and recombinant vaccines induced similar levels of antibodies, animals vaccinated with the native vaccine were able to raise antibodies with greater specificity towards ndd-ASP in comparison with antibodies raised by vaccination with the recombinant vaccine, suggesting a differential immune recognition towards the ndd-ASP and pdd-ASP. Finally, the observation that animals displaying antibodies with higher percentages of recognition towards ndd-ASP also exhibited the lowest egg counts suggests a potential relationship between antibody specificity and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana González-Hernández
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Borloo
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Iris Peelaers
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Stijn Casaert
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Edwin Claerebout
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium.
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