1
|
Fedeli R, Alexandrov D, Celletti S, Nafikova E, Loppi S. Biochar improves the performance of Avena sativa L. grown in gasoline-polluted soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:28791-28802. [PMID: 36401703 PMCID: PMC9995545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of soil contamination by different concentrations of gasoline on oat (Avena sativa L.) and tested the effect of biochar supply to the polluted soils on the performance of oat plants. Oat seeds were sowed in contaminated soils with different concentrations of gasoline: 0% (control), 1%, 2%, 6%, and 10% (v/w), and grown for 2 weeks. Germination, fresh weight, root and stem length, photosynthetic parameters (i.e., chlorophyll content, PIABS, FV/FM, and NDVI), and total antioxidant power were analyzed. The results showed a remarkable negative effect on almost all the investigated parameters starting from the gasoline concentration of 6%. Based on these results, a new experiment was run by adding 5% (w/w) biochar (a carbon-rich byproduct of wood biomass pyrolysis) to the 6% and 10% polluted soils to test whether adding biochar had a beneficial effect on oat performance. The results showed that biochar supply greatly reduced the negative effects caused by gasoline on all the investigated parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Fedeli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Dmitriy Alexandrov
- Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Karla Marksa Str., 12, 450000 Ufa, Russia
| | - Silvia Celletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elvira Nafikova
- Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Karla Marksa Str., 12, 450000 Ufa, Russia
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- BAT Center - Interuniversity Center for Studies On Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80138 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arikan B, Ozfidan-Konakci C, Yildiztugay E, Turan M, Cavusoglu H. Polystyrene nanoplastic contamination mixed with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Alleviation on gas exchange, water management, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant capacity in wheat. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119851. [PMID: 35987286 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a significant environmental pollution group that reaches toxic levels with anthropogenic activities. The adverse effects of nanoplastics accumulating in ecosystems with the degradation of plastic wastes are also a growing concern. Previous studies have generally focused on the impact of single PAH or plastic fragments exposure on plants. However, it is well recognized that these contaminants co-exist at varying rates in agricultural soil and water resources. Therefore, it is critical to elucidate the phytotoxicity and interaction mechanisms of mixed pollutants. The current study was designed to comparatively investigate the single and combined effects of anthracene (ANT, 100 mg L-1), fluorene (FLU, 100 mg L-1) and polystyrene nanoplastics (PS, 100 mg L-1) contaminations in wheat. Plants exposed to single ANT, FLU and PS treatments demonstrated decline in growth, water content, high stomatal limitations and oxidative damage. The effect of ANT + FLU on these parameters was more detrimental. In addition, ANT and/or FLU treatments significantly suppressed photosynthetic capacity as determined by carbon assimilation rate (A) and chlorophyll a fluorescence transient. The antioxidant system was not fully activated (decreased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase) under ANT + FLU, then hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content (by 2.7-fold) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (by 2.8-fold) increased. Interestingly, ANT + PS and FLU + PS improved the growth, water relations and gas exchange parameters. The presence of nanoplastics recovered the adverse effects of ANT and FLU on growth by protecting the photosynthetic photochemistry and reducing oxidative stress. PAH plus PS reduced the ANT and FLU accumulation in wheat leaves. In parallel, the increased antioxidant system, regeneration of ascorbate, glutathione and glutathione redox status observed under ANT + PS and FLU + PS. These findings will provide an information about the phytotoxicity mechanisms of mixed pollutants in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Busra Arikan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya, 42130, Turkey.
| | - Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya, 42090, Turkey.
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya, 42130, Turkey.
| | - Metin Turan
- Department of Agricultural Trade and Management, Faculty of Economy and Administrative Sciences, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey.
| | - Halit Cavusoglu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya, 42130, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sah D, Rai JPN, Ghosh A, Chakraborty M. A review on biosurfactant producing bacteria for remediation of petroleum contaminated soils. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:218. [PMID: 35965658 PMCID: PMC9365905 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The discharge of potentially toxic petroleum hydrocarbons into the environment has been a matter of concern, as these organic pollutants accumulate in many ecosystems due to their hydrophobicity and low bioavailability. Petroleum hydrocarbons are neurotoxic and carcinogenic organic pollutants, extremely harmful to human and environmental health. Traditional treatment methods for removing hydrocarbons from polluted areas, including various mechanical and chemical strategies, are ineffective and costly. However, many indigenous microorganisms in soil and water can utilise hydrocarbon compounds as sources of carbon and energy and hence, can be employed to degrade hydrocarbon contaminants. Therefore, bioremediation using bacteria that degrade petroleum hydrocarbons is commonly viewed as an environmentally acceptable and effective method. The efficacy of bioremediation can be boosted further by using potential biosurfactant-producing microorganisms, as biosurfactants reduce surface tension, promote emulsification and micelle formation, making hydrocarbons bio-available for microbial breakdown. Further, introducing nanoparticles can improve the solubility of hydrophobic hydrocarbons as well as microbial synthesis of biosurfactants, hence establishing a favourable environment for microbial breakdown of these chemicals. The review provides insights into the role of microbes in the bioremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and emphasises the significance of biosurfactants and potential biosurfactant-producing bacteria. The review partly focusses on how nanotechnology is being employed in different critical bioremediation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Sah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145 India
| | - J. P. N. Rai
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145 India
| | - Ankita Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145 India
| | - Moumita Chakraborty
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sameena PP, Kalaji HM, Żuk-Gołaszewska K, Horaczek T, Sierka E, Puthur JT. 6-Benzylaminopurine Alleviates the Impact of Cu 2+ Toxicity on Photosynthetic Performance of Ricinus communis L. Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413349. [PMID: 34948146 PMCID: PMC8709281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential element involved in various metabolic processes in plants, but at concentrations above the threshold level, it becomes a potential stress factor. The effects of two different cytokinins, kinetin (KIN) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), on chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, stomatal responses and antioxidation mechanisms in castor (Ricinus communis L.) under Cu2+ toxicity was investigated. Ricinus communis plants were exposed to 80 and 160 μM CuSO4 added to the growth medium. Foliar spraying of 15 μM KIN and BAP was carried out on these seedlings. The application of these cytokinins enhanced the tissue water status, chlorophyll contents, stomatal opening and photosynthetic efficiency in the castor plants subjected to Cu2+ stress. The fluorescence parameters, such as Fm, Fv/Fo, Sm, photochemical and non-photochemical quantum yields, energy absorbed, energy trapped and electron transport per cross-sections, were more efficiently modulated by BAP application than KIN under Cu2+ toxicity. There was also effective alleviation of reactive oxygen species by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidation systems, reducing the membrane lipid peroxidation, which brought about a relative enhancement in the membrane stability index. Of the various treatments, 80 µM CuSO4 + BAP recorded the highest increase in photosynthetic efficiency compared to other cytokinin treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that BAP could effectively alleviate the detrimental effects of Cu2+toxicity in cotyledonary leaves of R. communis by effectively modulating stomatal responses and antioxidation mechanisms, thereby enhancing the photosynthetic apparatus’ functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puthukkolli P. Sameena
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O., Malappuram 673635, Kerala, India;
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska
- Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Horaczek
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;
| | - Edyta Sierka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jos T. Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O., Malappuram 673635, Kerala, India;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-94-4750-7845
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mlinarić S, Begović L, Tripić N, Piškor A, Cesar V. Evaluation of Light-Dependent Photosynthetic Reactions in Reynoutria japonica Houtt. Leaves Grown at Different Light Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:612702. [PMID: 34421934 PMCID: PMC8371261 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.612702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica Houtt.) is considered as one of the most aggressive and highly successful invasive plants with a negative impact on invaded habitats. Its uncontrolled expansion became a significant threat to the native species throughout Europe. Due to its extensive rhizome system, rapid growth, and allelopathic activity, it usually forms monocultures that negatively affect the nearby vegetation. The efficient regulation of partitioning and utilization of energy in photosynthesis enables invasive plants to adapt rapidly a variety of environmental conditions. Therefore, we aimed to determine the influence of light conditions on photosynthetic reactions in the Japanese knotweed. Plants were grown under two different light regimes, namely, constant low light (CLL, 40 μmol/m2/s) and fluctuating light (FL, 0-1,250 μmol/m2/s). To evaluate the photosynthetic performance, the direct and modulated chlorophyll a fluorescence was measured. Plants grown at a CLL served as control. The photosynthetic measurements revealed better photosystem II (PSII) stability and functional oxygen-evolving center of plants grown in FL. They also exhibited more efficient conversion of excitation energy to electron transport and an efficient electron transport beyond the primary electron acceptor QA, all the way to PSI. The enhanced photochemical activity of PSI suggested the formation of a successful adaptive mechanism by regulating the distribution of excitation energy between PSII and PSI to minimize photooxidative damage. A faster oxidation at the PSI side most probably resulted in the generation of the cyclic electron flow around PSI. Besides, the short-term exposure of FL-grown knotweeds to high light intensity increased the yield induced by downregulatory processes, suggesting that the generation of the cyclic electron flow protected PSI from photoinhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Mlinarić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lidija Begović
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Neven Tripić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Antonija Piškor
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fedorenko AG, Chernikova N, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Dudnikova T, Antonenko E, Fedorenko G, Bauer T, Mandzhieva S, Barbashev A. Effects of benzo[a]pyrene toxicity on morphology and ultrastructure of Hordeum sativum. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1551-1562. [PMID: 32596781 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been devoted to investigation of toxic benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) compound, but studies involving changes at the cellular level are insufficient to understand the mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) effect on plants. To study the toxicity of BaP, a model vegetation experiment was conducted on cultivation of spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum) on artificially polluted BaP soil at different concentrations. The article discusses the intake of BaP from the soil into the plant and its effect on the organismic and cellular levels of plant organization. The BaP content in the organs of spring barley was determined by the method of saponification. With an increase in the concentration of BaP in the soil, its content in plants also rises, which leads to inhibition of growth processes. The BaP content in the green part of Hordeum sativum increased from 0.3 µg kg-1 in control soil up to 2.6 µg kg-1 and 16.8 µg kg-1 under 20 and 400 ng/g BaP applying in soil, as well as in roots: 0.9 µg kg-1, 7.7 µg kg-1, 42.8 µg kg-1, respectively. Using light and electron microscopy, changes in the tissues and cells of plants were found and it was established that accumulation of BaP in plant tissues caused varying degrees of ultrastructural damage depending on the concentration of pollutant. BaP had the greatest effect on the root, significant changes were found in it both at histological and cytological levels, while changes in the leaves were observed only at the cytological level. The results provide significant information about the mechanism of action of BaP on agricultural plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei G Fedorenko
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.
- Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.
| | | | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Elena Antonenko
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Grigorii Fedorenko
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
- Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Bauer
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
- Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sameena PP, Puthur JT. Cotyledonary leaves effectively shield the true leaves in Ricinus communis L. from copper toxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 23:492-504. [PMID: 33001743 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1825331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The stress-buffering effects of cotyledonary leaves of Ricinus communis and the protection thus offered to the true leaves upon exposure to copper stress was performed by analyzing bioaccumulation of Cu and associated metabolic processes in the presence and absence of cotyledonary leaves. One-month-old seedlings of R. communis were treated with various concentrations of CuSO4 for 6 d under hydroponics with quarter strength modified Hoagland medium. Even though the photosynthetic pigments showed a decreasing trend with an increase in CuSO4 concentration and days of exposure in cotyledonary and true leaves, it was significant in true leaves with excised cotyledonary leaves. The results of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters indicated that toxic levels of CuSO4 do not impart any major negative effect on the photochemistry of true leaves along with cotyledonary leaves. The analysis of osmolality, malondialdehyde, and metabolites showed a significantly increasing trend in true leaves with excised cotyledonary leaves. The above observations were strongly supported by higher Cu bioaccumulation in true leaves with excised cotyledonary leaves. The results suggest that the cotyledonary leaves have got the potential to evade Cu toxicity and thereby R. communis can be effectively used for the phytoremediation of Cu contaminated lands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P P Sameena
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jain L, Jajoo A. Protection of PSI and PSII complexes of wheat from toxic effect of anthracene by Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:197-211. [PMID: 31755008 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environment indicates a serious problem to the present era. These are carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds and pose a potential risk to photosynthetic organisms. The present study illustrates the protection of Photosystem I and Photosystem II complexes of wheat plant by Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594) from toxic effects of anthracene (ANT). Initially, Chl a fluorescence induction curve measurement revealed declined J-I and I-P phase in ANT-treated plants. Efficiency of light absorption, trapping, and electron transport was reduced in ANT-treated plants, while in ANT + Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594)-treated plants value of these parameters was restored. Effect of ANT and ANT + Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594) on energy conversion of Photosystem I and Photosystem II was measured. Quantum yield of Photosystem I (YI) and Photosystem II (YII) was decreased in the presence of ANT, while these values were recovered in ANT + Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594)-treated plants. Reduction in Y(II) was associated with an increase in non-regulated energy dissipation NO. Likewise the reduction of Y(I) was induced due to donor-side and acceptor-side limitation of Photosystem I caused by toxic effect of ANT. Toxic effects of ANT on electron transport rate (ETRI and ETRII) were found to be reduced in ANT + Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594)-treated plants. Activation of Cyclic electron flow around Photosystem I in ANT-treated plants was recovered by bacteria. It was concluded that toxic effect of ANT on Photosystem I and Photosystem II complexes was recovered by Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594) strain, and thus it is useful strain for crop improvement in ANT-polluted soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Jain
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, 452017, India
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, 452017, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang F, Yan J, Ahammed GJ, Wang X, Bu X, Xiang H, Li Y, Lu J, Liu Y, Qi H, Qi M, Li T. PGR5/PGRL1 and NDH Mediate Far-Red Light-Induced Photoprotection in Response to Chilling Stress in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:669. [PMID: 32547581 PMCID: PMC7270563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants experience low ambient temperature and low red to far-red ratios (L-R/FR) of light due to vegetative shading and longer twilight durations in cool seasons. Low temperature induce photoinhibition through inactivation of the photosynthetic apparatus, however, the role of light quality on photoprotection during cold stress remains poorly understood. Here, we report that L-R/FR significantly prevents the overreduction of the entire intersystem electron transfer chain and the limitation of photosystem I (PSI) acceptor side, eventually alleviating the cold-induced photoinhibition. During cold stress, L-R/FR activated cyclic electron flow (CEF), enhanced protonation of PSII subunit S (PsbS) and de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle, and promoted energy-dependent quenching (qE) component of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), enzyme activity of Foyer-Halliwell-Asada cycle and D1 proteins accumulation. However, L-R/FR -induced photoprotection pathways were compromised in tomato PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5) and PGR5-LIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE1A (PGRL1A) co-silenced plants and NADH DEHYDROGENASE-LIKE COMPLEX M (NDHM) -silenced plants during cold stress. Our results demonstrate that both PGR5/PGRL1- and NDH-dependent CEF mediate L-R/FR -induced cold tolerance by enhancing the thermal dissipation and the repair of photodamaged PSII, thereby mitigating the overreduction of electron carriers and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The study indicates that there is an anterograde link between photoreception and photoprotection in tomato plants during cold stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Wang, ;
| | - Jiarong Yan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Bu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hengzuo Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiazhi Lu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Tianlai Li,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tomar RS, Jajoo A. Photosynthetic response in wheat plants caused by the phototoxicity of fluoranthene. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:725-731. [PMID: 31023419 DOI: 10.1071/fp18328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) affect photosynthetic performance in plants. The photooxidation of PAHs in natural sunlight, especially UV radiation, enhances the toxicity of PAHs. However, it is unclear as how these compounds and their photoproducts affect the photosynthetic apparatus. In this study, measurements of PSI and PSII were simultaneously performed in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants treated with fluoranthene (FLT) and photomodified fluoranthene (PFLT). The study aimed to investigate whether the phototoxicity of FLT has a different mechanism of toxicity on the two photosystems. With regard to PSII, FLT and PFLT produced a significant decrease in the quantum yield of PSII and a pronounced increase in the yield of nonregulated energy dissipation. A significant reduction was observed in the yield of nonphotochemical quenching. The toxic effects of the PFLT treatment on PSII's performance were more pronounced. Likewise, we noted severe disruption in the electron transport rate in PSII and a decline in Fm caused by FLT phototoxicity. A decline in the quantum yield of PSI and an increase in donor and acceptor side limitation were observed concomitantly. The impact of PFLT was more evident than that of FLT. The data demonstrated that PSI is more tolerant of FLT but for PFLT, particularly at higher concentrations, a pronounced inhibition was observed in the oxidation-reduction kinetics of P700. All these data suggest that increased cyclic electron flow can confer greater protection from FLT toxicity but not from toxicity induced by higher concentrations of PFLT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupal S Tomar
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, India
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, India; and Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Haroni NN, Badehian Z, Zarafshar M, Bazot S. The effect of oil sludge contamination on morphological and physiological characteristics of some tree species. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:507-519. [PMID: 31025155 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although petroleum plays an important part in world economy, its exploitation can bring about a great deal of contamination in soil. To select the tree species being tolerant to soil pollution, a pot experiment has been carried out to assess and compare the growth potential of the seedlings of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.), Ailantos (Ailanthus altissima Mill.) and Ash (Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill.) in petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated soils. The seeds of the mentioned species were subjected to different oil sludge concentrations (0, 10, 20 and 40%) for a growth season of 240 days and then seedling emergence, growth performance, biomass production, photosynthetic parameters and heavy metal absorption were measured to find the species with higher resistantce. For all the species, seedling emergence was significantly reduced under the soil pollution among which F. rotundifolia exhibited a better performance. Besides, growth and biomass of F. rotundifolia and R. pseudoacacia were seldom influenced by oil sludge. In addition, seedlings of A. altissima accumulated higher percentage of the heavy metals (particularly Ni, Cu, Cd) in their leaves by virtue of their wider leaf surface area. This study provides valuable insights into phytoremediation of sites contaminated by oil sludge, using tree species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naser Norouzi Haroni
- Forest Science and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ziaedin Badehian
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Zarafshar
- Natural Resources Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Stéphane Bazot
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, University Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Effects of bensulfuron-methyl residue on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of cucumber seedlings. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215486. [PMID: 31013318 PMCID: PMC6478280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A potted soil experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) residue on the growth and photosynthesis of seedlings of a local cucumber variety (Xia Feng No.1). When the residue of bensulfuron-methyl in soil exceeded 50μg kg-1, it significantly inhibited the growth of cucumber, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity of cucumber. BSM treatment caused significant decreases in the biomass, chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, photosystem II (PSII) maximum quantum yield, actual quantum yield, photochemical quenching coefficient, and electron transport rate in cucumber seedlings, but increased the minimal fluorescence yield and dark respiration rate. Moreover, comparisons of the patterns of absorbed light energy partitioning revealed that the fractions of excess and thermally dissipated energy increased with rising concentrations of the BSM residue, but the fraction of PSII photochemistry declined. The BSM residues caused reversible destruction in the PSII reaction centers and decreased the proportion of available excitation energy used in PSII photochemistry. The results suggested that rice or wheat fields sprayed with BSM will not be suitable for planting cucumbers in succession or rotation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mandal V, Chouhan KBS, Tandey R, Sen KK, Kala HK, Mehta R. Critical analysis and mapping of research trends and impact assessment of polyaromatic hydrocarbon accumulation in leaves: let history tell the future. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22464-22474. [PMID: 29938381 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The article is basically an attempt to provide a consolidated report on impact assessment and trends in research pertaining to accumulation and curbing the menace of polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) accumulation in leaves. Emphasis is given to understand the consequences of the fact that edible/medicinal plants cultivated in PAH contaminated soil or close to such places which are potential liberators of PAHs can virtually act as transporters for direct PAH entry into biological systems. An attempt has been made to predict the future by digging out golden facts from history. Extensive Scopus-based data mining has been done to dig out research data since last 10 years (2006-2016) pertaining to the said area. Critical analysis of statistical data on research trends highlighting the different aspects of evaluation of PAH accumulation in leaves has been described. The concentrate of all researches for the said period have been presented as few golden principles which shall serve as important facts for researchers and policy makers for curbing the menace of PAH-induced oxidative stress in plants and shall also provide start-up ideas for researchers new to the area. Critical analysis of trends in phytoremediation aspect has also been duly highlighted to measure the intensity of restoration steps taken by researchers and government to safeguard the future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda Mandal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India.
| | - Kavi Bhushan Singh Chouhan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Roshni Tandey
- Institute of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Kamal Kumar Sen
- Department of Rural Technology, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Harneet Kaur Kala
- Department of Rural Technology, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Rajendra Mehta
- Department of Rural Technology, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tomar RS, Jajoo A. PSI becomes more tolerant to fluoranthene through the initiation of cyclic electron flow. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:978-984. [PMID: 32480626 DOI: 10.1071/fp17121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) poses a potential ecological risk to photosynthetic organisms. In the present study, the toxic effects of fluoranthene (FLT) on the energy conversion of PSI and PSII in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants were studied. By evaluating the performance of both PSI and PSII, which act as an internal environmental sensor, it was revealed that activity of both photosystems was negatively affected by FLT treatment. However, the quantum yield of PSII, Y(II), was reduced at 5µM FLT, whereas the quantum yield of PSI, Y(I), significantly decreased at 25µM FLT. The decline in Y(II) was accompanied by an increase in nonregulated energy dissipation, Y(NO). The decrease in Y(I) induced by FLT was caused by donor-side, and acceptor side limitation of PSI. Cyclic electron flow (CEF) was activated only at higher concentrations and was associated with the inhibition of linear electron flow (LEF) after exposure to a higher concentration of FLT. The inhibition of LEF and induction of CEF seems to be essential for the tolerance of PSI to FLT toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Singh Tomar
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, M.P. India
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, M.P. India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kreslavski VD, Brestic M, Zharmukhamedov SK, Lyubimov VY, Lankin AV, Jajoo A, Allakhverdiev SI. Mechanisms of inhibitory effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in photosynthetic primary processes in pea leaves and thylakoid preparations. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2017; 19:683-688. [PMID: 28646629 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on plants were studied in pea leaves in order to elucidate the mechanisms of action of PAHs such as naphthalene (Naph) and phenanthrene (Phen) on activity of photosystem II (PSII). The changes in different Chl fluorescence parameters were calculated on the basis of Chl fluorescence induction curves. H2 O2 content was measured in leaf homogenates with the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method. We demonstrated that following PAH treatment, total energy dissipation (DI0 /ABS) and amount of QB -non-reducing complexes of PSII significantly increased. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) also increased, when weak oxidative stress after PAH application developed. In leaves, a two-step increase in H2 O2 was found with time of incubation in the presence of PAHs, which may be associated with damage to the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and then violation of lipid bilayer membranes of cell organelles. A hypothesis for the mode of action of PAHs is provided that involves the role of ROS, membrane permeability and associated functional changes in PSII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V D Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia
- Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - S K Zharmukhamedov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Yu Lyubimov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Lankin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia
- Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Jajoo
- School of Life science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
| | - S I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia
- Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jin L, Che X, Zhang Z, Li Y, Gao H, Zhao S. The mechanisms by which phenanthrene affects the photosynthetic apparatus of cucumber leaves. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:1498-1505. [PMID: 27939666 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that is widely distributed in the environment and seriously affects the growth and development of plants. To clarify the mechanisms of the direct effects of phenanthrene on the plant photosynthetic apparatus, we measured short-term phenanthrene-treated cucumber leaves. Phenanthrene inhibited Rubisco carboxylation activity, decreasing photosynthesis rates (Pn). And phenanthrene inhibited photosystem II (PSII) activity, thereby blocking photosynthetic electron transport. The inhibition of the light and dark reactions decreased the photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) and increased the excitation pressure (1-qP). Under high light, the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) in phenanthrene-treated cucumber leaves decreased significantly, but photosystem I (PSI) activity (Δ I/Io) did not. Phenanthrene also caused a J-point rise in the OJIP curve under high light, which indicated that the acceptor side of PSII QA to QB electron transfer was restricted. This was primarily due to the net degradation of D1 protein, which is caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in phenanthrene-treated cucumber leaves under high light. This study demonstrated that phenanthrene could directly inhibit photosynthetic electron transport and Rubisco carboxylation activity to decrease net Pn. Under high light, phenanthrene caused the accumulation of ROS, resulting in net increases in D1 protein degradation and consequently causing PSII photoinhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiao Jin
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xingkai Che
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zishan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yuting Li
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Shijie Zhao
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang L, Li Y, Liu J. Complete inactivation of photosynthetic activity during desiccation and rapid recovery by rehydration in the aerial microalga Trentepohlia jolithus. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:1058-1061. [PMID: 27529472 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aerial microalgae are more exposed to harsh and rapidly changing environmental conditions, including desiccation and radiation. Under high light, aerial algae in the desiccated state would be highly subject to photodamage. Therefore, aerial algae need effective protective mechanisms to dissipate excess excitation energy. In this study, the changes in photosynthetic behaviors during desiccation and after rehydration in Trentepohlia jolithus were confirmed using chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) transient, allowing determination of the photoprotection mechanisms of this aerial alga. The filaments of T. jolithus cells at 25% relative air humidity (RH) are significantly shrunken compared with those at 100% and 87% RH, decreasing the surface area for light absorption. At 25% RH, the shape and intensity of the OJIP transient disappeared, but recovered rapidly to the level at 100% RH after 5 s of rehydration. Compared with 100% RH, the maximum quantum yield of PSII (φPo ), phenomenological energy fluxes for absorption (ABS/CSm) and active PSII reaction centers (RCs) at 25% RH decreased significantly, the specific energy fluxes for absorption (ABS/RC) increased significantly, but the specific energy fluxes for trapping (TRo/RC) at 25% RH did not change. These parameters at 25% RH recovered rapidly to the level at 100% RH after 5 s of rehydration. These results suggest that the efficiency of PSII light absorption and activities of PSII RCs were reversibly down-regulated in desiccated T. jolithus, which may be a special adaptive mechanism for the survivability of aerial microalgae in habitats with rapidly changing water availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Haematococcus pluvialis and Astaxanthin Products, Yunnan Alphy Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuxiong, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Y Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - J Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Haematococcus pluvialis and Astaxanthin Products, Yunnan Alphy Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuxiong, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Athar HUR, Ambreen S, Javed M, Hina M, Rasul S, Zafar ZU, Manzoor H, Ogbaga CC, Afzal M, Al-Qurainy F, Ashraf M. Influence of sub-lethal crude oil concentration on growth, water relations and photosynthetic capacity of maize (Zea mays L.) plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18320-18331. [PMID: 27278069 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Maize tolerance potential to oil pollution was assessed by growing Zea mays in soil contaminated with varying levels of crude oil (0, 2.5 and 5.0 % v/w basis). Crude oil contamination reduced soil microflora which may be beneficial to plant growth. It was observed that oil pollution caused a remarkable decrease in biomass, leaf water potential, turgor potential, photosynthetic pigments, quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm), net CO2 assimilation rate, leaf nitrogen and total free amino acids. Gas exchange characteristics suggested that reduction in photosynthetic rate was mainly due to metabolic limitations. Fast chlorophyll a kinetic analysis suggested that crude oil damaged PSII donor and acceptor sides and downregulated electron transport as well as PSI end electron acceptors thereby resulting in lower PSII efficiency in converting harvested light energy into biochemical energy. However, maize plants tried to acclimate to moderate level of oil pollution by increasing root diameter and root length relative to its shoot biomass, to uptake more water and mineral nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habib-Ur-Rehman Athar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Sarah Ambreen
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Javed
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Hina
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Rasul
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ullah Zafar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Manzoor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Chukwuma C Ogbaga
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Al-Qurainy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tomar RS, Jajoo A. Photomodified fluoranthene exerts more harmful effects as compared to intact fluoranthene by inhibiting growth and photosynthetic processes in wheat. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:31-36. [PMID: 26186727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic to plants. Exposure of PAHs to sunlight can result in the formation of photomodified PAHs, which are generally more toxic than the parent compounds. In the present study, biochemical and physiological effects of intact fluoranthene (FLT) and photomodified FLT (P.FLT) in wheat were investigated. Our results demonstrated that the treatment of FLT and P.FLT, inhibited germination, seedling growth and pigment content. However, inhibition observed on primary photochemistry and photosystem II heterogeneity was more prominent in P.FLT treated plants. Both FLT and P.FLT affected the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as POD, SOD, CAT and GR to similar extent. Greater inhibitory effects of P.FLT than FLT may be ascribed to its effects on growth parameters and photochemistry rather than on the activities of various antioxidant enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Singh Tomar
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, M.P., India
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, M.P., India.
| |
Collapse
|