Professional quality of life and psychological resilience among psychiatric nurses

Effects of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue on posttraumatic growth of psychiatric nurses: A cross-sectional study

AIMS

This study aimed to explore the effects of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue on the posttraumatic growth of psychiatric nurses.

BACKGROUND

Psychiatric nurses' prolonged and repeated exposure to trauma and complex situations in the work environment can lead to negative emotions such as compassion fatigue, but they also experience positive consequences such as posttraumatic growth, and the relationship between compassion fatigue and posttraumatic growth is not unclear.

METHODS

A total of 336 nurses from psychiatry departments of seven tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, were administered an online questionnaire. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. The posttraumatic growth level was measured with the Simplified Chinese version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. The Professional Quality of Life Scale-Chinese version was used to assess compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress. T-test and one-way variance analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical linear regression were used for data analysis. A STROBE checklist was used to guide the reporting of the research.

RESULTS

Psychiatric nurses' posttraumatic growth is at a low level, influenced by demographic and occupational factors, whereas compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress are at a moderate level. Hierarchical regression analysis suggested that compassion satisfaction and secondary traumatic stress had a positive impact on posttraumatic growth, whereas burnout had a negative impact on posttraumatic growth.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings suggest that nursing managers should attach importance to the mental health of psychiatric nurses, improve compassion satisfaction, alleviate burnout and promote posttraumatic growth.

Factors influencing decent work among psychiatric nurses in China: a cross-sectional study

AIMS

This study aimed to investigate the current status of decent work among psychiatric nurses and analyze its influencing factors.

METHODS

In February 2024, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a cluster sample of 358 nurses from a tertiary Grade A psychiatric hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Data were collected using a custom-made nurse demographic scale to gather demographic information. The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERIQ) was used to assess the imbalance between effort and reward through the effort-reward ratio (ERR). The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) measured subjective support, objective support, and support utilization. The Decent Work Perception Scale (DWPS) was used to evaluate nurses' perceptions of decent work. T-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analyses were employed for data analysis.

RESULTS

The study found that the correlation between decent work and social support was positive (r = 0.360, p < 0.001), while it was negative for effort-reward imbalance (r = -0.584, p < 0.001). Factors influencing perceptions of decent work included years of work experience (β = -0.164, p = 0.046 for < 5 years; β = -0.157, p = 0.040 for > 25 years), social support (β = 0.259, p < 0.001), and the effort-reward imbalance (β=-0.458, p < 0.001). These factors collectively explained 40.2% of the variance in perceptions of decent work. Furthermore, social support plays a mediating role between effort-reward imbalance and decent work (β=-0.062, Bootstrap 95% CI: -0.107, -0.023).

CONCLUSION

The findings suggest that years of work experience, social support, and the effort-reward imbalance are factors influencing decent work among psychiatric nurses. By offering career development opportunities, fostering supportive work environments, and ensuring fair compensation, we can empower psychiatric nurses to navigate job challenges effectively and sustain a sense of decency in their work.

Perceived Stress and Resilience Among Psychiatric Nurses Working in Inpatients Units

The aim of this study is to assess the levels, relationships, and predictors of resilience and perceived stress among psychiatric nurses working in inpatient units. A descriptive, cross-sectional, predictive design was employed to collect data from 140 psychiatric nurses through a self-reported questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic and work-related variables, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25), and perceived stress scale (PSS-10). The total mean score of the perceived stress was 22.73 (SD = 3.54) indicating a moderate level. The total mean score of the resilience was 49.49 (SD = 15.31) indicating a low level. Resilience correlated positively with educational level and job satisfaction; and negatively with intention to leave psychiatric settings. Significant differences were found in resilience with educational level, intention to leave psychiatric settings, and job satisfaction. Three independent variables predicted resilience: educational level, ward/unit, and job satisfaction; and only one variable (intention to leave psychiatric settings) predicted the perceived stress.

Relationships among perceived social support, mindful self-care, and resilience among a sample of nurses in three provinces in China: a cross-sectional study

Objective

In this study, we aimed to determine the relationships among perceived social support, mindful self-care, and resilience in a sample of nurses in three provinces of China.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven hospitals in Guangdong, Guizhou, and Henan provinces between August and October, 2023; the provinces are located in south, southwest, and central China. A total of 389 nurses were surveyed using a self-designed sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire and the Chinese versions of Multidimensional Scale of the Perceived Social Support, Brief-Mindful Self-Care Scale and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10).

Results

Of the 389 nurses, the majority were women (n = 365; 93.8%), aged 26-35 years (n = 244; 62.7%) and had bachelor's degrees (n = 337; 86.6%), had worked for 10-20 years (n = 136; 35%), with junior professional titles (n = 331; 85.1%), and had a monthly income in the range 3,001-6,000 yuan in CNY (n = 239; 61.4%). Nurses' resilience was measured using the CD-RISC-10, which ranges from 10 to 40 points. And average score of nurses' resilience was (23.94 ± 6.95). Multiple linear regression showed that scores for resilience were higher among nurses who had higher educational attainment (95% confidence interval: 0.568-3.024, p < 0.01), professional titles (95% confidence interval: 0.009-1.693, p < 0.05), scores of mindful self-care (95% confidence interval: 0.086-0.155, p < 0.01), and scores of perceived social support (95% confidence interval: 0.242-0.328, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Nurses with higher educational attainment and professional titles exhibited higher levels of resilience. Perceived social support and mindfulness self-care are significantly positively correlated with resilience of nurses. The findings of this study are beneficial to further our understanding of nurses' resilience. The identification of associated factors is conducive to providing more support for nurses who tend to have lower resilience earlier, and can provide useful information for research targeted intervention and support plans aimed at improving nurses' resilience in the future.

Professional Quality of Life and Turnover Intention in Forensic Nurse Program Coordinators: Implications to Forensic Nurse Workforce Development

BACKGROUND

Significant barriers to forensic nurse workforce development exist, affecting patient care access. Retention of forensic nurses is a persistent problem, and turnover of forensic nurses can be attributed to many factors related to professional quality of life, including compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO), and secondary traumatic stress (STS).

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of an educational session on the topic of professional quality of life and strategies for mitigating the impact of stressors within the forensic nurse role on Professional Quality of Life Scale-5 and Turnover Intention Scale-6.

METHODS

A convenience sample of forensic nurse program coordinators was surveyed using a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental survey design. Correlation between professional quality of life indicators and turnover intention was explored.

RESULTS

Cohort ( n = 38) preintervention CS levels were average to high (mean = 41.42), BO levels were average to low (mean = 22.53), and STS levels were average to low (mean = 22.89). Statistically significant positive correlations were noted between each Professional Quality of Life Scale indicator and turnover intention (CS: r = 0.59, p < 0.0001; BO: r = 0.98, p < 0.0000; STS: r = 0.67, p < 0.0000). A statistically significant decrease in BO level (α = 0.05, p = 0.0454) was noted postintervention.

IMPLICATIONS

BO and STS had a strong positive correlation to turnover intention. BO levels decreased to a significant degree when reassessed 3 months after the educational intervention. Increased awareness of the impact of CS, BO, and STS could decrease BO in forensic nurses with potential reduction in turnover.

Efficacy of a program in increasing coping strategies in firefighters: randomized clinical trial

OBJECTIVE

to evaluate the effectiveness of a program in increasing coping strategies focused on military firefighters' problems and emotions.

METHOD

randomized, parallel, single-masked clinical trial. The sample consisted of 51 participants in the intervention group and 49 in the control group. The intervention group received the intervention program including coping strategies based on the Nursing Interventions Classification, lasting six consecutive weeks, one day a week. The control group followed the Service Unit routine. Descriptive statistics, Student's T test with Welch's correction and the Mann-Whitney test were used for the analyses. The magnitude of the intervention effect was calculated using Cohen's d index. A p-value of ≤0.05% was considered.

RESULTS

in the analysis of the mean difference between the scores in the groups, the means of the intervention group increased significantly for the coping strategies: social support (p = 0.009), acceptance of responsibility (p = 0.03), problem solving (p = 0.05) and positive reappraisal (p = 0.05). The impact of the intervention was moderate in magnitude for social support (d = 0.54).

CONCLUSION

the intervention program enabled the increase of coping strategies focused on military firefighters' problems and emotions. ReBEC: RBR-8dmbzc. (1) The intervention program increases coping strategies. (2) The study included military firefighters. (3) Social support was the main strategy of the study. (4) Intervention group presented better results than the control group. (5) The use of the Nursing Intervention Classification was effective.

Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Secondary Traumatic Stress among Saudi Nurses at Medical City: A Cross-Sectional Study

Compassion satisfaction, the pleasure gained from assisting others in their recovery from trauma, can help reduce the effects of burnout and secondary traumatic stress. As such, nurses' job satisfaction can be increased by increasing compassion satisfaction and decreasing compassion fatigue. This study examined the incidence of compassion fatigue and other influencing variables, such as compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress, among Saudi nurses. This was a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling. Participants comprised 177 registered nurses from various nursing departments. Data collection included the Professional Quality of Life Scale based on lifestyle, demographic details, and occupation-related questions. The averages of scores for the variables, compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress, were recorded (37.1 ± 7.4, 25.7 ± 7.5, and 26.7 ± 6.4). Participants aged 36 or older comprised a negative factor for compassion satisfaction, while years of nursing experience and higher job satisfaction were favorable predictors. Together, these three variables accounted for 30.3% of the overall variation. Low job satisfaction and poor sleep negatively affected burnout, accounting for 39.8% of the total variance. The results offer insights into identifying the risks of compassion fatigue in nurses and help design strategies to address burnout and secondary traumatic stress while enhancing their compassion satisfaction levels.

Professional Quality of Life, Job Satisfaction, and Intention to Leave among Psychiatric Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

Psychiatric nurses are challenged with high levels of stress, which, in turn, lower their professional quality of life (ProQoL) and job satisfaction and increase their intention to leave jobs in psychiatric settings. An adequate level of ProQoL improves patient care provision. The purpose of this study is to assess the levels, relationships, and predictors of the professional quality of life of Jordanian psychiatric nurses and their job satisfaction and intention to leave their job. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data using the Professional Quality of Life Scale-5 from a convenience sample. Data were collected from 144 psychiatric nurses working in the largest psychiatric hospitals run by Ministry of Health, military, and university-affiliated hospitals. The results showed that the mean scores for compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO), and secondary traumatic stress (STS) were 35.21, 27.0, and 26.36, respectively. The mean scores for intention to leave and job satisfaction were 2.33 and 3.7, respectively. The income level, educational level, intention to leave, and job satisfaction significantly differed in the CS dimension. Nurses' age, intention to leave, and job satisfaction significantly differed in BO. Nurses' age, years of experience, frequent C-shifts worked, and work affiliation were different in STS. Burnout, STS, and educational level predicted CS. CS, STS, job satisfaction, and level of education predicted BO. BO, CS, and frequently working night C-shifts predicted STS. Due to the presence of nurses reporting low levels of ProQoL, job satisfaction, and intension to leave, more studies are needed to assess the factors that affect ProQoL among psychiatric nurses and to evaluate interventional programs that improve the quality of life of psychiatric nurses. This is important in retaining nurses and increasing their job satisfaction. There is a need for interventions that enhance ProQoL. Also, longitudinal studies that measure ProQoL overtime are recommended. This study was not registered.

Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the nurses' quality of life scale: a validation study in Iran

BACKGROUND

The quality of life for nurses can be significantly impacted by various occupational factors that Influence their working conditions and professional performance. The current study aimed to translate and validate the Persian version of the Nurses' Quality of Life Scale.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

In this cross-sectional research, the Nurses' Quality of Life Scale (NQOLS) was utilized to assess the quality of life among 500 employed nurses in hospitals in the cities of Gonabad and Sabzevar. The translation process of the NQOLS followed the model proposed by Wild et al. The content validity of the Persian version of the scale was evaluated using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Structural validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, while test-retest reliability was determined using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 and LISREL version 8.8 software.

RESULTS

The exploratory factor analysis of the Persian version of NQOLS revealed six factors that accounted for 62.15% of the total variance. The structural validity of the extracted factors was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and ICC for the entire questionnaire were 0.91 and 0.95, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The findings of the present study suggest that the Persian version of the NQOLS exhibits sufficient validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used as an effective tool for measuring and examining the quality of life among nurses in Iran.

Relation and effect of resilience on burnout in nurses: A literature review and meta-analysis

AIM

To study the relation between burnout and resilience and to identify the profile of nurses presenting this quality.

BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION

Healthcare professionals are subject to high rates of burnout. Resilience could be an important factor in preventing or alleviating this condition.

METHODS

The PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases were consulted in February 2022 using the equation 'burnout AND resilience AND nurs*'. The inclusion criteria applied were that the texts should describe quantitative studies, be published in English or Spanish, in any year, and be directly related to the question considered. The meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect statistical software.

RESULTS

Analysis of the 29 studies shows that among the dimensions of burnout, nurses are especially prone to emotional exhaustion, and are less affected by depersonalisation and low personal accomplishment. Those who score highly for resilience tend to have longer service experience, acceptable salaries and less work overload. Meta-analysis reveals an inverse correlation between resilience and burnout (r = -0.41; n = 2750), exhaustion (r = -0.27; n = 6966) and depersonalisation (r = -0.23; n = 6115).

CONCLUSION

Many nurses present low levels of resilience and suffer from burnout syndrome. The application of programmes to enhance their resilience would help prevent burnout and optimise the potential to provide quality health care.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY

Resilience is inversely correlated with burnout, depersonalisation and emotional exhaustion. Accordingly, healthcare organisations should develop and implement evidence-based programmes to foster nurses' resilience and thus reduce their susceptibility to burnout.

Exploring the relationship between family care, organizational support, and resilience on the professional quality of life among emergency nurses: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

The professional quality of life (ProQOL), encompassing emotional, physical, and psychological well-being, is profoundly influenced by the unique nursing experiences of emergency nurses. Understanding and effectively enhancing their professional well-being are of paramount importance. This study aimed to explore the relationship between family care, organizational support, and resilience with the ProQOL among emergency nurses.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study, conducted between May 1 and June 1, 2023, involved 118 emergency nurses from Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital. Demographic and work-related information were collected. ProQOL, family care, organizational support and resilience were assessed using validated scales. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine the associations between these variables.

RESULTS

Significant differences were observed in the two dimensions of ProQOL (compassion satisfaction and burnout) among emergency nurses with different age, marital status, technical titles, work experience and night shift frequency (P < 0.05). Furthermore, both organizational support and resilience demonstrated a significant positive correlation with compassion satisfaction, while exhibiting a significant negative correlation with burnout (P < 0.05). Additionally, the third dimension of ProQOL (secondary trauma stress) was significantly negatively correlated with resilience (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

This study elucidates the pivotal role of organizational support and resilience in influencing the professional quality of life among emergency nurses, highlighting the specific needs of younger and less-experienced practitioners. Our findings lay the groundwork for targeted interventions aimed at enhancing the occupational well-being and job satisfaction of nursing staff.

The mediating role of coping styles between nurses' workplace bullying and professional quality of life

AIMS

This study aimed to explore the relationship between workplace bullying among nurses and their professional quality of life, as well as the mediating role of coping styles between the two factors.

BACKGROUND

In China, the overall status of nurses' professional quality of life is not optimistic, and the problems of low compassion satisfaction and high compassion fatigue persist. Workplace bullying, which is a serious global issue, can negatively impact the mental health and professional quality of nurses. However, it has still not attracted enough attention from managers.

METHODS

The study used a cross-sectional research design and surveyed 297 clinical nurses from two tertiary grade A hospitals in Wuhan, China. Data were collected through an online questionnaire survey from March to May 2022. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, including Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling.

RESULTS

The score for nurses' workplace bullying was 38.72 ± 12.30. The scores for the three dimensions of professional quality of life were 27.56 ± 4.79 for compassion satisfaction, 30.51 ± 4.33 for burnout, and 28.47 ± 4.65 for secondary trauma stress. The scores for positive coping style and negative coping style were 34.59 ± 5.72 and 20.34 ± 5.08 points, respectively. Workplace bullying had a direct negative effect on compassion satisfaction, as well as positive direct effects on burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Coping styles played a mediating effect between workplace bullying and the pairwise relationships of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary trauma stress.

CONCLUSION

Workplace bullying hurts nurses' professional quality of life while coping styles plays an mediating role between workplace bullying and professional quality of life. Nursing managers can improve nurses' professional quality of life by reducing workplace bullying and enhancing positive coping style.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT

Nursing managers can employ management wisdom and techniques to mitigate the presence and detrimental effects of workplace bullying. This, in turn, promotes a positive work environment and enhances the professional quality of life for nurses.

A structural equation modeling analysis of the effects of nurses' spirituality and spiritual care on professional quality of life

Spiritual care helps nurses establish a deeper connection with patients and meet their spiritual needs. Spiritual belief is thought to enable nurses to be more effective in their profession and positively affect their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the effects of nurses' spirituality and spiritual care on quality of life. This study was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional study using structural equation modeling. A total of 221 nurses were included. Data were collected using the Professional Quality of Life Scale, and Spirituality and Spiritual Care Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlational statistics, and structural equation modeling. Spirituality and spiritual care were negative predictors of burnout and positive predictors of compassion satisfaction. Spirituality and spiritual care decreased the level of burnout in nurses and significantly increased the level of compassion satisfaction. This study suggests raising nurse awareness of spirituality and spiritual care. Supporting nurses with professional training programs, including spiritual care, may benefit their quality of life.

The relationship between psychological resilience and professional quality of life among mental health nurses: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Mental health nursing is a demanding and stressful profession that impacts nurses' professional quality of life. Psychological resilience can be a protective factor. However, the relationship has not been extensively studied. This study aims to examine the relationship between psychological resilience and professional quality of life and identify potential predictors of ProQOL subscales among mental health nurses.

METHODS

The study employed a cross-sectional design to collect data from 179 mental health nurses. Data was collected using two standardized questionnaires: the Connor-Davidson resilience scale and the professional quality of life scale. Participants were recruited through convenient sampling during a 3-month period from April to June 2022, and the data were collected using an online survey tool called QuestionPro.

RESULTS

The study found a strong positive correlation between psychological resilience and compassion satisfaction (r = 0.632, P < 0.001). However, there was a negative significant correlation between resilience with burnout (r = -0.470, P < 0.001) and secondary traumatic stress (r = -0.210, P = 0.005). The study also found that higher resilience levels were associated with higher levels of compassion satisfaction and lower levels of secondary traumatic stress. Additionally, higher burnout scores were associated with higher levels of secondary traumatic stress. The study also identified that age and the number of children had weak associations with compassion satisfaction, while workplace was a significant predictor of burnout and secondary traumatic stress.

CONCLUSION

The study emphasizes the importance of resilience, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress in the well-being of healthcare professionals, especially nurses. The findings suggest that assessing nurses' resilience and professional quality of life can raise psychological resilience awareness and help managers create the necessary working conditions to improve nurses' professional quality of life.

Resilience and mental health nursing: An integrative review of updated evidence

Mental health nursing work is challenging, and workplace stress can have negative impacts on nurses' well-being and practice. Resilience is a dynamic process of positive adaptation and recovery from adversity. The aims of this integrative review were to examine and update understandings and perspectives on resilience in mental health nursing research, and to explore and synthesize the state of empirical knowledge on mental health nurse resilience. This is an update of evidence from a previous review published in 2019. Using integrative review methodology, 15 articles were identified from a systematic search (July 2018-June 2022). Data were extracted, analysed with constant comparison method, synthesized narratively and then compared with the findings from the original review. As an update of evidence, mental health nurse resilience was moderate to high across studies, was positively associated with psychological well-being, post-traumatic growth, compassion satisfaction and negatively associated with burnout, mental distress and emotional labour. Lack of support and resources from organizations could negatively impact nurses' ability to maintain resilience and manage workplace challenges through internal self-regulatory processes. A resilience programme improved mental health nurses' awareness of personal resilience levels, self-confidence, capacity to develop coping skills and professional relationships. Some studies continue to lack contemporary conceptualizations of resilience, and methodological quality varied from high to low. Further qualitative and interventional research is needed to investigate the role of resilience in mental health nursing practice, personal well-being, workforce sustainability and the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Investigation of psychological factors related to compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among nurses

BACKGROUND

While compassion fatigue is evaluated positively in nurses, compassion fatigue and burnout are undesirable from the viewpoint of professionals, service providers, institutions and ultimately society. It is necessary to identify the factors that lead to undesirable results and to reduce their effects. This study aimed to investigate nurses' levels of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, burnout, various psychopathological symptom levels, coping skills, and the relationship between them.

METHODS

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The participants were 356 nurses working in tertiary university hospitals in Istanbul (Türkiye). The Healthcare Professional Information Form, ProQOL-IV, Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced scale were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and regression models were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS

According to the findings, low-level burnout, moderate-high compassion satisfaction, and low-moderate compassion fatigue symptoms were detected. Low-level anxiety, depression, somatization, hostility, and negative self-esteem were found. According to the results of regression analysis, mental disengagement and planning coping strategies positively affect the synergy of compassion fatigue (p < 0.05). Turning religion and restraint coping have a positive effect on compassion fatigue (p < 0.05). While depression has a positive effect on burnout, nurses' positive reinterpretation and growth strategy is effective in coping with burnout (p < 0.05). Positive reinterpretation and growth coping strategies are also effective in increasing job satisfaction (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Nurses showing somatization symptoms are risk factors for compassion fatigue, and nurses showing depression symptoms are risk factors for burnout, so they should be closely monitored and should be given support. Mental disengagement and planning coping strategies can reduce compassion fatigue, and positive reinterpretation and growth methods can reduce burnout and increase compassion satisfaction. It may be useful to provide counseling and training for nurses to use the right coping methods.

The relationship between professional quality of life and work environment among ICU nurses in Chinese: a cross-sectional study

Objective

To explore the relationship between the professional quality of life and work environment among intensive care unit nurses, and identify the influencing factors of intensive care unit nurses' professional quality of life.

Methods

This study design is cross-sectional and correlational descriptive. Four hundred fourteen intensive care unit nurses from Central China were recruited. Data were collected from three questionnaires of self-designed demographic questions, the professional quality of life scale and the nursing work environment scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.

Results

A total of 414 questionnaires was collected, for an effective recovery rate of 98.57%. The original scores of the three sub-scales of professional quality of life were 33.58 ± 6.43, 31.83 ± 5.94, and 32.55 ± 5.74. Compassion satisfaction was positively correlated with the nursing working environment (p < 0.05), job burnout, and secondary trauma were negatively correlated with nursing work in environment (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis results show that, the nursing working environment entered into the influential factor model of professional quality of life scale (p < 0.001). The nursing working environment independently explained 26.9% of the changes in compassion satisfaction, 27.1% of the changes in job burnout, and 27.5% of the changes in secondary trauma. The nursing work environment is an important factor affecting the professional quality of life.

Conclusion

The better the nursing working environment, the higher the professional quality of life of intensive care unit nurses. Decision makers and managers can focus on improving the working environment of nurses, which may be a new perspective for managers to improve the professional quality of life of nurses and stabilize the nursing team.

Mental health nurses' resilience in the context of emotional labour: An interpretive qualitative study

Strengthening mental health nurses' (MHNs) resilience may help mitigate the negative effects of the emotional labour (EL) of their work. There is no prior evidence on MHNs' experiences of resilience in the context of EL. This interpretive qualitative study sought to explore how MHNs build and maintain their resilience in the face of high levels of EL. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 MHNs. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Four main themes were constructed. The first three; Being attuned to self and others, Having a positive mindset grounded in purpose, and Maintaining psychological equilibrium through proactive self-care, describe how MHNs build and maintain their resilience. The fourth theme, Running on emotionally empty, describes what impedes MHNs' resilience. MHNs engaged in internal self-regulatory processes to manage their mental and emotional state. They maintained intra- and inter-personal boundaries and proactively used self-care strategies to maintain their well-being. Through this, they were able to replenish and sustain the energy required to maintain a state of equilibrium between themselves, their interpersonal practice, and their working environment, and to positively adapt to EL. However, lack of organizational support and high workplace demands can negatively impact MHNs' equilibrium and adaptive ability. There is a need for organizations to proactively work to reduce workplace stressors, and support MHNs' professional well-being and practice. Education and support strategies focused on strengthening MHNs' resilience, well-being, and mental health practice capabilities, including the provision of clinical supervision, and clear role expectations within MHNs' scope of practice are recommended.

Quality of work life and working conditions among oncology nurses: A national online descriptive cross-sectional study

The aim of this study was to examine the quality of work life (QoWL) and working conditions of oncology nurses in Turkey. The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. The data were collected via the introductory information form and Brooks' Quality of Nursing Work Life Survey. The study was completed with 138 nurses. The factors affecting QoWL were determined using stepwise multiple linear regression. Nurses had a moderate QoWL, and age, duration of working in nursing, the number of nurses, and the working style were significantly associated with QoWL. To improve the QoWL, the nurses' socio-demographic factors should be considered and working conditions should be improved. Furthermore, well-designed institutional policies should be developed to improve the patient-nurse ratio and provide a quality healthcare.What this paper adds?In the current study, Turkish oncology nurses had a moderate quality of work life.Age, duration of working in the nursing, the number of nurses in the unit and the working style were linked to work-related quality of life in oncology nurses.Well-designed institutional policies should be developed to improve the working conditions and to increase work-related quality of life in oncology nurses.

Compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among emergency nurses: A path analysis

AIMS

To verify a hypothesized model of the relationships between compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction, as well as their influencing factors and consequences, among emergency nurses.

DESIGN

A descriptive, cross-sectional design.

METHODS

A hypothesized model was proposed on the basis of the current literature. A convenience sample was conducted of nurses working in the emergency departments of six hospitals in Shanghai, China, from July to September 2020. A total of 445 valid data points were collected using various self-designed and well-validated instruments. Descriptive statistics and correlations were computed, and a path analysis was used to assess model fitness and to investigate direct and indirect effects.

RESULTS

The final model reported a desirable fit with significant paths. Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue directly and inversely affected burnout, and compassion satisfaction positively influenced compassion fatigue. Perceived social support directly improved compassion satisfaction and protected against compassion fatigue. Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue directly affected mental health, and burnout directly influenced physical health. Compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction had complicated effects on turnover intention.

CONCLUSION

Emergency nurses' compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue may be two coexisting constructs, and both affect burnout. Perceived social support acts as a protector of the three dimensions, and their effects on health status and turnover intention can be significant and complicated.

IMPACT

Emergency nurses may experience high levels of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue simultaneously, which can help to explain why compassion fatigue did not directly increase emergency nurses' turnover intention. The direct effects of compassion fatigue and burnout on emergency nurses' health status and working engagement were significantly different. Support from significant others, professional psychological intervention and emergency nursing system reforms are required to tackle emergency nurses' compassion fatigue and burnout and improve their compassion satisfaction.