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Paraiso F, Lin H, Li C, Woods DP, Lan T, Tumelty C, Debernardi JM, Joe A, Dubcovsky J. LEAFY and WAPO1 jointly regulate spikelet number per spike and floret development in wheat. Development 2024; 151:dev202803. [PMID: 39082949 PMCID: PMC11317094 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
In wheat, the transition of the inflorescence meristem to a terminal spikelet (IM→TS) determines the spikelet number per spike (SNS), an important yield component. In this study, we demonstrate that the plant-specific transcription factor LEAFY (LFY) physically and genetically interacts with WHEAT ORTHOLOG OF APO1 (WAPO1) to regulate SNS and floret development. Loss-of-function mutations in either or both genes result in significant and similar reductions in SNS, as a result of a reduction in the rate of spikelet meristem formation per day. SNS is also modulated by significant genetic interactions between LFY and the SQUAMOSA MADS-box genes VRN1 and FUL2, which promote the IM→TS transition. Single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a downregulation of LFY and upregulation of the SQUAMOSA MADS-box genes in the distal part of the developing spike during the IM→TS transition, supporting their opposite roles in the regulation of SNS in wheat. Concurrently, the overlap of LFY and WAPO1 transcription domains in the developing spikelets contributes to normal floret development. Understanding the genetic network regulating SNS is a necessary first step to engineer this important agronomic trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Paraiso
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Huiqiong Lin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Chengxia Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Daniel P. Woods
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Tianyu Lan
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Connor Tumelty
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Juan M. Debernardi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anna Joe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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2
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Wang H, Li X, Meng B, Fan Y, Khan SU, Qian M, Zhang M, Yang H, Lu K. Exploring silique number in Brassica napus L.: Genetic and molecular advances for improving yield. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1897-1912. [PMID: 38386569 PMCID: PMC11182599 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Silique number is a crucial yield-related trait for the genetic enhancement of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). The intricate molecular process governing the regulation of silique number involves various factors. Despite advancements in understanding the mechanisms regulating silique number in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa), the molecular processes involved in controlling silique number in rapeseed remain largely unexplored. In this review, we identify candidate genes and review the roles of genes and environmental factors in regulating rapeseed silique number. We use genetic regulatory networks for silique number in Arabidopsis and grain number in rice to uncover possible regulatory pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in regulating genes associated with rapeseed silique number. A better understanding of the genetic network regulating silique number in rapeseed will provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of this trait and genetic resources for the molecular breeding of high-yielding rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Boyu Meng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Yonghai Fan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Mingchao Qian
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Haikun Yang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Kun Lu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of EducationChongqingP.R. China
- Academy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
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3
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Basso MF, Girardin G, Vergata C, Buti M, Martinelli F. Genome-wide transcript expression analysis reveals major chickpea and lentil genes associated with plant branching. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1384237. [PMID: 38962245 PMCID: PMC11220206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1384237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The search for elite cultivars with better architecture has been a demand by farmers of the chickpea and lentil crops, which aims to systematize their mechanized planting and harvesting on a large scale. Therefore, the identification of genes associated with the regulation of the branching and architecture of these plants has currently gained great importance. Herein, this work aimed to gain insight into transcriptomic changes of two contrasting chickpea and lentil cultivars in terms of branching pattern (little versus highly branched cultivars). In addition, we aimed to identify candidate genes involved in the regulation of shoot branching that could be used as future targets for molecular breeding. The axillary and apical buds of chickpea cultivars Blanco lechoso and FLIP07-318C, and lentil cultivars Castellana and Campisi, considered as little and highly branched, respectively, were harvested. A total of 1,624 and 2,512 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed among different tissues and contrasting cultivars of chickpea and lentil, respectively. Several gene categories were significantly modulated such as cell cycle, DNA transcription, energy metabolism, hormonal biosynthesis and signaling, proteolysis, and vegetative development between apical and axillary tissues and contrasting cultivars of chickpea and lentil. Based on differential expression and branching-associated biological function, ten chickpea genes and seven lentil genes were considered the main players involved in differentially regulating the plant branching between contrasting cultivars. These collective data putatively revealed the general mechanism and high-effect genes associated with the regulation of branching in chickpea and lentil, which are potential targets for manipulation through genome editing and transgenesis aiming to improve plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiara Vergata
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Buti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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4
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Luo Y, Li Y, Yin X, Deng W, Liao J, Pan Y, Jiang B, Yang H, Ding K, Jia Y. Transcriptomics analyses reveal the key genes involved in stamen petaloid formation in Alcea rosea L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:551. [PMID: 38877392 PMCID: PMC11177533 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Alcea rosea L. is a traditional flower with a long cultivation history. It is extensively cultivated in China and is widely planted in green belt parks or used as cut flowers and potted ornamental because of its rich colors and flower shapes. Double-petal A. rosea flowers have a higher aesthetic value compared to single-petal flowers, a phenomenon determined by stamen petaloid. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon is still very unclear. In this study, an RNA-based comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed between the normal petal and stamen petaloid petal of A. rosea. A total of 3,212 differential expressed genes (DEGs), including 2,620 up-regulated DEGs and 592 down-regulated DEGs, were identified from 206,188 unigenes. Numerous DEGs associated with stamen petaloid were identified through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Notably, there were 63 DEGs involved in the plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction, including auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid signaling pathway and 56 key transcription factors (TFs), such as MADS-box, bHLH, GRAS, and HSF. The identification of these DEGs provides an important clue for studying the regulation pathway and mechanism of stamen petaloid formation in A. rosea and provides valuable information for molecular plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiancai Yin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wanqing Deng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianwei Liao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanzhi Pan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Beibei Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongchen Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Keying Ding
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yin Jia
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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5
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Zhou Y, Kusmec A, Schnable PS. Genetic regulation of self-organizing azimuthal canopy orientations and their impacts on light interception in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1600-1621. [PMID: 38252634 PMCID: PMC11062469 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of solar radiation interception contributes to the photosynthetic efficiency of crop plants. Light interception is a function of canopy architecture, including plant density; leaf number, length, width, and angle; and azimuthal canopy orientation. We report on the ability of some maize (Zea mays) genotypes to alter the orientations of their leaves during development in coordination with adjacent plants. Although the upper canopies of these genotypes retain the typical alternate-distichous phyllotaxy of maize, their leaves grow parallel to those of adjacent plants. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) on this parallel canopy trait identified candidate genes, many of which are associated with shade avoidance syndrome, including phytochromeC2. GWAS conducted on the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted by canopies also identified multiple candidate genes, including liguleless1 (lg1), previously defined by its role in ligule development. Under high plant densities, mutants of shade avoidance syndrome and liguleless genes (lg1, lg2, and Lg3) exhibit altered canopy patterns, viz, the numbers of interrow leaves are greatly reduced as compared to those of nonmutant controls, resulting in dramatically decreased PAR interception. In at least the case of lg2, this phenotype is not a consequence of abnormal ligule development. Instead, liguleless gene functions are required for normal light responses, including azimuth canopy re-orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aaron Kusmec
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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6
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Yang C, Liu C, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Xiang W. The Transcription Factors WRKY41 and WRKY53 Mediate Early Flowering Induced by the Novel Plant Growth Regulator Guvermectin in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098424. [PMID: 37176133 PMCID: PMC10178944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering is a crucial stage for plant reproductive success; therefore, the regulation of plant flowering has been widely researched. Although multiple well-defined endogenous and exogenous flowering regulators have been reported, new ones are constantly being discovered. Here, we confirm that a novel plant growth regulator guvermectin (GV) induces early flowering in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, our genetic experiments newly demonstrated that WRKY41 and its homolog WRKY53 were involved in GV-accelerated flowering as positive flowering regulators. Overexpression of WRKY41 or WRKY53 resulted in an early flowering phenotype compared to the wild type (WT). In contrast, the w41/w53 double mutants showed a delay in GV-accelerated flowering. Gene expression analysis showed that flowering regulatory genes SOC1 and LFY were upregulated in GV-treated WT, 35S:WRKY41, and 35S:WRKY53 plants, but both declined in w41/w53 mutants with or without GV treatment. Meanwhile, biochemical assays confirmed that SOC1 and LFY were both direct targets of WRKY41 and WRKY53. Furthermore, the early flowering phenotype of 35S:WRKY41 lines was abolished in the soc1 or lfy background. Together, our results suggest that GV plays a function in promoting flowering, which was co-mediated by WRKY41 and WRKY53 acting as new flowering regulators by directly activating the transcription of SOC1 and LFY in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Yang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chongxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biological Functional Gene of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Committee, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biological Functional Gene of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Committee, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biological Functional Gene of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Committee, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
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7
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Wang C, Liu J, Xie X, Wang J, Ma Q, Chen P, Yang D, Ma X, Hao F, Su J. GhAP1-D3 positively regulates flowering time and early maturity with no yield and fiber quality penalties in upland cotton. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:985-1002. [PMID: 36398758 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time (FTi) is a major factor determining how quickly cotton plants reach maturity. Early maturity greatly affects lint yield and fiber quality and is crucial for mechanical harvesting of cotton in northwestern China. Yet, few quantitative trait loci (QTLs) or genes regulating early maturity have been reported in cotton, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we characterized 152, 68, and 101 loci that were significantly associated with the three key early maturity traits-FTi, flower and boll period (FBP) and whole growth period (WGP), respectively, via four genome-wide association study methods in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). We focused on one major early maturity-related genomic region containing three single nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome D03, and determined that GhAP1-D3, a gene homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana APETALA1 (AP1), is the causal locus in this region. Transgenic plants overexpressing GhAP1-D3 showed significantly early flowering and early maturity without penalties for yield and fiber quality compared to wild-type (WT) plants. By contrast, the mutant lines of GhAP1-D3 generated by genome editing displayed markedly later flowering than the WT. GhAP1-D3 interacted with GhSOC1 (SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1), a pivotal regulator of FTi, both in vitro and in vivo. Changes in GhAP1-D3 transcript levels clearly affected the expression of multiple key flowering regulatory genes. Additionally, DNA hypomethylation and high levels of H3K9ac affected strong expression of GhAP1-D3 in early-maturing cotton cultivars. We propose that epigenetic modifications modulate GhAP1-D3 expression to positively regulate FTi in cotton through interaction of the encoded GhAP1 with GhSOC1 and affecting the transcription of multiple flowering-related genes. These findings may also lay a foundation for breeding early-maturing cotton varieties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Pengyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Delong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiongfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Fushun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Junji Su
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, 832000, China
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8
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Chahtane H, Lai X, Tichtinsky G, Rieu P, Arnoux-Courseaux M, Cancé C, Marondedze C, Parcy F. Flower Development in Arabidopsis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2686:3-38. [PMID: 37540352 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Like in other angiosperms, the development of flowers in Arabidopsis starts right after the floral transition, when the shoot apical meristem (SAM) stops producing leaves and makes flowers instead. On the flanks of the SAM emerge the flower meristems (FM) that will soon differentiate into the four main floral organs, sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil, stereotypically arranged in concentric whorls. Each phase of flower development-floral transition, floral bud initiation, and floral organ development-is under the control of specific gene networks. In this chapter, we describe these different phases and the gene regulatory networks involved, from the floral transition to the floral termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Chahtane
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Conservatoire Botanique Pierre Fabre, Soual, France
| | - Xuelei Lai
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Philippe Rieu
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Coralie Cancé
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
| | - Claudius Marondedze
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Midlands State University, Senga, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - François Parcy
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France.
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9
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González AM, Lebrón R, Yuste-Lisbona FJ, Gómez-Martín C, Ortiz-Atienza A, Hackenberg M, Oliver JL, Lozano R, Santalla M. Decoding Gene Expression Signatures Underlying Vegetative to Inflorescence Meristem Transition in the Common Bean. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314783. [PMID: 36499112 PMCID: PMC9739310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropical common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an obligatory short-day plant that requires relaxation of the photoperiod to induce flowering. Similar to other crops, photoperiod-induced floral initiation depends on the differentiation and maintenance of meristems. In this study, the global changes in transcript expression profiles were analyzed in two meristematic tissues corresponding to the vegetative and inflorescence meristems of two genotypes with different sensitivities to photoperiods. A total of 3396 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 1271 and 1533 were found to be up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, whereas 592 genes showed discordant expression patterns between both genotypes. Arabidopsis homologues of DEGs were identified, and most of them were not previously involved in Arabidopsis floral transition, suggesting an evolutionary divergence of the transcriptional regulatory networks of the flowering process of both species. However, some genes belonging to the photoperiod and flower development pathways with evolutionarily conserved transcriptional profiles have been found. In addition, the flower meristem identity genes APETALA1 and LEAFY, as well as CONSTANS-LIKE 5, were identified as markers to distinguish between the vegetative and reproductive stages. Our data also indicated that the down-regulation of the photoperiodic genes seems to be directly associated with promoting floral transition under inductive short-day lengths. These findings provide valuable insight into the molecular factors that underlie meristematic development and contribute to understanding the photoperiod adaptation in the common bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. González
- Genética del Desarrollo de Plantas, Misión Biológica de Galicia-CSIC, P.O. Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ricardo Lebrón
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando J. Yuste-Lisbona
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez-Martín
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias & Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Ortiz-Atienza
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Michael Hackenberg
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias & Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José L. Oliver
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias & Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Marta Santalla
- Genética del Desarrollo de Plantas, Misión Biológica de Galicia-CSIC, P.O. Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-986-596134; Fax: +34-986-851362
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10
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Transcriptional reprogramming during floral fate acquisition. iScience 2022; 25:104683. [PMID: 35856019 PMCID: PMC9287482 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinating growth and patterning is essential for eukaryote morphogenesis. In plants, auxin is a key regulator of morphogenesis implicated throughout development. Despite this central role, our understanding of how auxin coordinates cell fate and growth changes is still limited. Here, we addressed this question using a combination of genomic screens to delve into the transcriptional network induced by auxin at the earliest stage of flower development, prior to morphological changes. We identify a shoot-specific network suggesting that auxin initiates growth through an antagonistic regulation of growth-promoting and growth-repressive hormones, quasi-synchronously to floral fate specification. We further identify two DNA-binding One Zinc Finger (DOF) transcription factors acting in an auxin-dependent network that could interface growth and cell fate from the early stages of flower development onward. Pharmacological approach to probe transcriptional responses in shoot meristems Analysis of a shoot-specific network regulated by auxin during flower initiation Two DOF transcription factors are induced in flower primordia The DOF genes potentially link growth to organ identity acquisition
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11
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Choi JH, Oh ES, Min H, Chae WB, Mandadi KK, Oh MH. Role of tyrosine autophosphorylation and methionine residues in BRI1 function in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:833-841. [PMID: 35598220 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassinosteroids (BRs), a group of plant growth hormones, control biomass accumulation and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and therefore are highly relevant to agriculture. BRs bind to the BR receptor protein, brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1), which is classified as a serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase. Recently, we reported that BRI1 acts as a dual-specificity kinase both in vitro and in vivo by undergoing autophosphorylation at tyrosine (Tyr) residues. OBJECTIVE In this study, we characterized the increased leaf growth and early flowering phenotypes of transgenic lines expressing the mutated recombinant protein, BRI1(Y831F)-Flag, compared with those expressing BRI1-Flag. BRI1(Y831F)-Flag transgenic plants showed a reduction in hypocotyl and petiole length compared with BRI1-Flag seedlings. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of flowering time-associated genes (AP1, AP2, AG, FLC, and SMZ) between BRI1(Y831F)-Flag and BRI1-Flag transgenic seedlings. We also performed site-directed mutagenesis of the BRI1 gene, and investigated the effect of methionine (Met) substitution in the extracellular domain (ECD) of BRI1 on plant growth and BR sensitivity by evaluating hypocotyl elongation and root growth inhibition. METHODS The pBIB-Hyg+-pBR-BRI1-Flag construct(Li et al. 2002) was used as the template for SDM with QuickChange XL Site Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA) to make the SDM mutants. After PCR with SDM kit, add 1 μl of Dpn1 to PCR reaction. Incubate at 37 °C for 2 h to digest parental DNA and then transformed into XL10-gold competent cells. Transcriptome analysis was carried out at the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA). RNA was prepared and hybridized to the Affymetrix GeneChip Arabidopsis ATH1 Genome Array using the Gene Chip Express Kit (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA). RESULTS Tyrosine 831 autophosphorylation of BRI1 regulates Arabidopsis flowering time, and mutation of methionine residues in the extracellular domain of BRI1 affects hypocotyl and root length. BRI1(M656Q)-Flag, BRI1(M657Q)-Flag, and BRI1(M661Q)-Flag seedlings were insensitive to the BL treatment and showed no inhibition of root elongation. However, BRI1(M665Q)-Flag and BRI1(M671Q)-Flag seedlings were sensitive to the BL treatment, and exhibited root elongation inhibition. the early flowering phenotype of BRI1(Y831F)-Flag transgenic plants is consistent with the expression levels of key flowering-related genes, including those promoting flowering (AP1, AP2, and AG) and repressing flowering (FLC and SMZ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Han Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hansol Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Won Byoung Chae
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Kranthi Kiran Mandadi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Man-Ho Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The LEAFY (LFY) transcription factors are present in algae and across land plants. The available expression and functional data of these genes in embryophytes suggest that LFY genes control a plethora of processes including the first zygotic cell division in bryophytes, shoot cell divisions of the gametophyte and sporophyte in ferns, cone differentiation in gymnosperms and floral meristem identity in flowering plants. However, their putative plesiomorphic role in plant reproductive transition in vascular plants remains untested. RESULTS We perform Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analyses for the LFY gene lineage in embryophytes with expanded sampling in lycophytes and ferns. We recover the previously identified seed plant duplication that results in LEAFY and NEEDLY paralogs. In addition, we recover multiple species-specific duplications in ferns and lycophytes and large-scale duplications possibly correlated with the occurrence of whole genome duplication (WGD) events in Equisetales and Salviniales. To test putative roles in diverse ferns and lycophytes we perform LFY expression analyses in Adiantum raddianum, Equisetum giganteum and Selaginella moellendorffii. Our results show that LFY genes are active in vegetative and reproductive tissues, with higher expression in early fertile developmental stages and during sporangia differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our data point to previously unrecognized roles of LFY genes in sporangia differentiation in lycophytes and ferns and suggests that functions linked to reproductive structure development are not exclusive to seed plant LFY homologs.
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13
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Zhou FY, Yu Q, Zhang Y, Han YJ, Yao CC. Overexpression of AGAMOUS-like gene PfAG5 promotes early flowering in Polypogon fugax. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:793-801. [PMID: 33820601 DOI: 10.1071/fp21047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are the major tool for controlling large populations of yield depleting weeds. However, over-reliance on herbicides has resulted in weed adaptation and herbicide resistance. In recent years, early flowering weed species related to herbicide resistance is emerging, which may cause seed loss before crop harvest, creating a new problem for non-chemical weed management. In this study, a homologue gene of AGAMOUS sub-family (referred to as PfAG5) of the MADS-box family was cloned from plants of an early flowering Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud. population resistant to the ACCase inhibitor herbicide (clodinafop-propargyl). The PfAG5 gene was functionally characterised in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Overexpression of the PfAG5 gene in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering, abnormal flowers (e.g. small petals), short plants and reduced seed set, compared with the wild type. The expression of the PfAG5 gene was high in leaves and flowers, but low in pods in transgenic Arabidopsis. The PfAG5 gene was expressed earlier and higher in the resistant (R) than the susceptible (S) P. fugax plants. Furthermore, one protein (FRIGIDA-like) with relevance to flowering time regulation and interacts with PfAG5 in resistant (R) P. fugax was identified by the yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays. These results suggest that the PfAG5 gene is involved in modulating early flowering in P. fugax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yan Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China; and Corresponding author.
| | - Qin Yu
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yun-Jing Han
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Chuan-Chun Yao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
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14
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Abolghasemi R, Haghighi M, Etemadi N, Wang S, Soorni A. Transcriptome architecture reveals genetic networks of bolting regulation in spinach. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:179. [PMID: 33853527 PMCID: PMC8045288 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bolting refers to the early flowering stem production on agricultural and horticultural crops before harvesting. Indeed, bolting is an event induced by the coordinated effects of various environmental factors and endogenous genetic components, which cause a large reduction in the quality and productivity of vegetable crops like spinach. However, little is known about the signaling pathways and molecular functions involved in bolting mechanisms in spinach. The genetic information regarding the transition from vegetative growth to the reproductive stage in spinach would represent an advantage to regulate bolting time and improvement of resistant cultivars to minimize performance loss. RESULTS To investigate the key genes and their genetic networks controlling spinach bolting, we performed RNA-seq analysis on early bolting accession Kashan and late-bolting accession Viroflay at both vegetative and reproductive stages and found a significant number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) ranging from 195 to 1230 in different comparisons. These genes were mainly associated with the signaling pathways of vernalization, photoperiod/circadian clock, gibberellin, autonomous, and aging pathways. Gene ontology analysis uncovered terms associated with carbohydrate metabolism, and detailed analysis of expression patterns for genes of Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase, TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 1, FLOWERING PROMOTING FACTOR 1, EARLY FLOWERING, GIGANTEA, and MADS-box proteins revealed their potential roles in the initiating or delaying of bolting. CONCLUSION This study is the first report on identifying bolting and flowering-related genes based on transcriptome sequencing in spinach, which provides insight into bolting control and can be useful for molecular breeding programs and further study in the regulation of the genetic mechanisms related to bolting in other vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abolghasemi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Haghighi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nematollah Etemadi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aboozar Soorni
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
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15
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Lee JE, Goretti D, Neumann M, Schmid M, You Y. A gibberellin methyltransferase modulates the timing of floral transition at the Arabidopsis shoot meristem. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:474-487. [PMID: 32483836 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a key event in the plant life cycle. Plants therefore use a variety of environmental and endogenous signals to determine the optimal time for flowering to ensure reproductive success. These signals are integrated at the shoot apical meristem (SAM), which subsequently undergoes a shift in identity and begins producing flowers rather than leaves, while still maintaining pluripotency and meristematic function. Gibberellic acid (GA), an important hormone associated with cell growth and differentiation, has been shown to promote flowering in many plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana, but the details of how spatial and temporal regulation of GAs in the SAM contribute to floral transition are poorly understood. In this study, we show that the gene GIBBERELLIC ACID METHYLTRANSFERASE 2 (GAMT2), which encodes a GA-inactivating enzyme, is significantly upregulated at the SAM during floral transition and contributes to the regulation of flowering time. Loss of GAMT2 function leads to early flowering, whereas transgenic misexpression of GAMT2 in specific regions around the SAM delays flowering. We also found that GAMT2 expression is independent of the key floral regulator LEAFY but is strongly increased by the application of exogenous GA. Our results indicate that GAMT2 is a repressor of flowering that may act as a buffer of GA levels at the SAM to help prevent premature flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Lee
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Daniela Goretti
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Manuela Neumann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Markus Schmid
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan You
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Department of General Genetics, University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
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16
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Zhu K, Zhang W, Sarwa R, Xu S, Li K, Yang Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Cao J, Li Y, Tan X. Proteomic analysis of a clavata-like phenotype mutant in Brassica napus. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190305. [PMID: 32154828 PMCID: PMC7198001 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed is one of important oil crops in China. Better understanding of the
regulation network of main agronomic traits of rapeseed could improve the
yielding of rapeseed. In this study, we obtained an influrescence mutant that
showed a fusion phenotype, similar with the Arabidopsis
clavata-like phenotype, so we named the mutant as
Bnclavata-like (Bnclv-like). Phenotype
analysis illustrated that abnormal development of the inflorescence meristem
(IM) led to the fused-inflorescence phenotype. At the stage of protein
abundance, major regulators in metabolic processes, ROS metabolism, and
cytoskeleton formation were seen to be altered in this mutant. These results not
only revealed the relationship between biological processes and inflorescence
meristem development, but also suggest bioengineering strategies for the
improved breeding and production of Brassica napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Zhu
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rehman Sarwa
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaixia Li
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoming Li
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Wang S, Huang H, Han R, Chen J, Jiang J, Li H, Liu G, Chen S. BpAP1 directly regulates BpDEF to promote male inflorescence formation in Betula platyphylla × B. pendula. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1046-1060. [PMID: 30976801 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is a crucial process for plants that is under complex genetic control. AP1 acts as an organizer and a switch for the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. In our previous study, we found that overexpression of BpAP1 significantly promoted the formation of male inflorescence in birch (Betula platyphlla × B. pendula). In this study, we aimed at investigating the molecular regulatory mechanism of BpAP1 during the process of male inflorescence formation in birch. We found that overexpression of BpAP1 affected the expression of many flowering-related genes, and had significant effect on B class MADS-box genes. A BpAP1-mediated gene regulatory network was constructed and B class gene BpDEF was finally predicted as a key target gene of BpAP1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results indicated that BpAP1 could directly regulate BpDEF during the process of male inflorescence formation. Yeast one-hybrid assays and its validation in tobacco results suggested that BpAP1 regulated BpDEF via binding to a consensus DNA sequence known as CArG box. Gene function analysis of BpDEF indicated that BpDEF may function in sex-determination, and in particular specify the identity of male inflorescence in birch. Our results provide valuable clues for our understanding of the molecular mechanism of BpAP1 during the process of male inflorescence formation in birch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, China
| | - Haijiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, China
| | - Jiying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, China
| | - Huiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, China
| | - Guifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, China
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18
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Abe M, Kosaka S, Shibuta M, Nagata K, Uemura T, Nakano A, Kaya H. Transient activity of the florigen complex during the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development 2019; 146:146/7/dev171504. [PMID: 30940631 DOI: 10.1242/dev.171504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is an essential component of florigen in Arabidopsis thaliana Transcription of FT is induced in leaves, and the resulting FT protein is transported to the shoot apex, in which it initiates floral development. Previous analyses suggest that, together with the b-ZIP transcription factor FD, FT regulates the transcription of downstream targets such as APETALA1 (AP1) in floral anlagen. However, conclusive in vivo evidence that FT is transported to the shoot apex to form an FT-FD complex is lacking. Here, using an innovative in vivo imaging technique, we show that the FT-FD complex and AP1 colocalise in floral anlagen. In addition, the FT-FD complex disappears soon after the floral transition owing to a reduction in FD transcripts in the shoot apex. We further show that misinduction of FD activity after the transition leads to defective reproductive development. Taken together, our results indicate that the FT-FD complex functions as a transient stimulus and imply that a regulatory mechanism exists during the floral transition that reduces FT-FD complex levels via modulation of FD expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutomo Abe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shingo Kosaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mio Shibuta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Food Production Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
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19
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20
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Uemura A, Yamaguchi N, Xu Y, Wee W, Ichihashi Y, Suzuki T, Shibata A, Shirasu K, Ito T. Regulation of floral meristem activity through the interaction of AGAMOUS, SUPERMAN, and CLAVATA3 in Arabidopsis. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:89-105. [PMID: 29218596 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-017-0315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Floral meristem size is redundantly controlled by CLAVATA3, AGAMOUS , and SUPERMAN in Arabidopsis. The proper regulation of floral meristem activity is key to the formation of optimally sized flowers with a fixed number of organs. In Arabidopsis thaliana, multiple regulators determine this activity. A small secreted peptide, CLAVATA3 (CLV3), functions as an important negative regulator of stem cell activity. Two transcription factors, AGAMOUS (AG) and SUPERMAN (SUP), act in different pathways to regulate the termination of floral meristem activity. Previous research has not addressed the genetic interactions among these three genes. Here, we quantified the floral developmental stage-specific phenotypic consequences of combining mutations of AG, SUP, and CLV3. Our detailed phenotypic and genetic analyses revealed that these three genes act in partially redundant pathways to coordinately modulate floral meristem sizes in a spatial and temporal manner. Analyses of the ag sup clv3 triple mutant, which developed a mass of undifferentiated cells in its flowers, allowed us to identify downstream targets of AG with roles in reproductive development and in the termination of floral meristem activity. Our study highlights the role of AG in repressing genes that are expressed in organ initial cells to control floral meristem activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uemura
- Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - WanYi Wee
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yasunori Ichihashi
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Arisa Shibata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
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21
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Abstract
Transcription factors that trigger major developmental decisions in plants and animals are termed "master regulators". Such master regulators are classically seen as acting on the top of a regulatory hierarchy that determines a complete developmental program, and they usually encode transcription factors. Here, we introduce master regulators of flowering time and flower development as examples to show how analysis of molecular interactions and gene-regulatory networks in plants has changed our view on the molecular mechanisms by which these factors control developmental processes. A picture has emerged that emphasizes a complex combinatorial interplay in determining cell-type transcriptional programs, and a high level of feedback control. The expression of master regulators themselves is usually regulated by multiple factors integrating environmental and endogenous spatiotemporal cues. Master regulatory transcription factors regulate gene expression by different mechanisms, including modifications in chromatin status in the bound regions. A poorly understood phenomenon is how developmental master regulators exert functions in different cell- and organ types. This is especially relevant for those factors that have important functions in several developmental processes.
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22
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Serrano-Mislata A, Goslin K, Zheng B, Rae L, Wellmer F, Graciet E, Madueño F. Regulatory interplay between LEAFY, APETALA1/CAULIFLOWER and TERMINAL FLOWER1: New insights into an old relationship. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1370164. [PMID: 28873010 PMCID: PMC5647955 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1370164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The gene regulatory network comprised of LEAFY (LFY), APETALA1 (AP1), the AP1 paralog CAULIFLOWER (CAL), and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) is a major determinant of the flowering process in Arabidopsis thaliana. TFL1 activity in the shoot apical meristem provides inflorescence identity while the transcription factors LFY and AP1/CAL confer floral identity to emerging floral primordia. It has been thought that LFY and AP1/CAL control the onset of flowering in part by repressing TFL1 expression in flowers. However, in the June issue of Plant Physiology, we reported that LFY and AP1 act antagonistically in the regulation of several key flowering regulators, including TFL1. Specifically, TFL1 transcription was suppressed by AP1 but promoted by LFY. Here, we present additional evidence for the role of LFY as an activator of TFL1 and propose that this regulatory activity is pivotal for the indeterminate growth of the SAM during the reproductive phase of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Serrano-Mislata
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
- CONTACT Antonio Serrano-Mislata Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022Valencia, Spain
| | - Kevin Goslin
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Beibei Zheng
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Liina Rae
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frank Wellmer
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emmanuelle Graciet
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Francisco Madueño
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
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Goslin K, Zheng B, Serrano-Mislata A, Rae L, Ryan PT, Kwaśniewska K, Thomson B, Ó'Maoiléidigh DS, Madueño F, Wellmer F, Graciet E. Transcription Factor Interplay between LEAFY and APETALA1/CAULIFLOWER during Floral Initiation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:1097-1109. [PMID: 28385730 PMCID: PMC5462026 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors LEAFY (LFY) and APETALA1 (AP1), together with the AP1 paralog CAULIFLOWER (CAL), control the onset of flower development in a partially redundant manner. This redundancy is thought to be mediated, at least in part, through the regulation of a shared set of target genes. However, whether these genes are independently or cooperatively regulated by LFY and AP1/CAL is currently unknown. To better understand the regulatory relationship between LFY and AP1/CAL and to obtain deeper insights into the control of floral initiation, we monitored the activity of LFY in the absence of AP1/CAL function. We found that the regulation of several known LFY target genes is unaffected by AP1/CAL perturbation, while others appear to require AP1/CAL activity. Furthermore, we obtained evidence that LFY and AP1/CAL control the expression of some genes in an antagonistic manner. Notably, these include key regulators of floral initiation such as TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1), which had been previously reported to be directly repressed by both LFY and AP1. We show here that TFL1 expression is suppressed by AP1 but promoted by LFY. We further demonstrate that LFY has an inhibitory effect on flower formation in the absence of AP1/CAL activity. We propose that LFY and AP1/CAL act as part of an incoherent feed-forward loop, a network motif where two interconnected pathways or transcription factors act in opposite directions on a target gene, to control the establishment of a stable developmental program for the formation of flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Goslin
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (K.G., B.Z., L.R., P.T.R., K.K., B.T., D.S.Ó., F.W.)
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland (K.G., E.G.); and
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain (A.S.-M., F.M.)
| | - Beibei Zheng
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (K.G., B.Z., L.R., P.T.R., K.K., B.T., D.S.Ó., F.W.)
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland (K.G., E.G.); and
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain (A.S.-M., F.M.)
| | - Antonio Serrano-Mislata
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (K.G., B.Z., L.R., P.T.R., K.K., B.T., D.S.Ó., F.W.)
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland (K.G., E.G.); and
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain (A.S.-M., F.M.)
| | - Liina Rae
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (K.G., B.Z., L.R., P.T.R., K.K., B.T., D.S.Ó., F.W.)
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland (K.G., E.G.); and
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain (A.S.-M., F.M.)
| | - Patrick T Ryan
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (K.G., B.Z., L.R., P.T.R., K.K., B.T., D.S.Ó., F.W.)
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland (K.G., E.G.); and
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain (A.S.-M., F.M.)
| | - Kamila Kwaśniewska
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (K.G., B.Z., L.R., P.T.R., K.K., B.T., D.S.Ó., F.W.)
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland (K.G., E.G.); and
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain (A.S.-M., F.M.)
| | - Bennett Thomson
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (K.G., B.Z., L.R., P.T.R., K.K., B.T., D.S.Ó., F.W.)
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland (K.G., E.G.); and
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain (A.S.-M., F.M.)
| | - Diarmuid S Ó'Maoiléidigh
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (K.G., B.Z., L.R., P.T.R., K.K., B.T., D.S.Ó., F.W.)
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland (K.G., E.G.); and
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain (A.S.-M., F.M.)
| | - Francisco Madueño
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (K.G., B.Z., L.R., P.T.R., K.K., B.T., D.S.Ó., F.W.)
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland (K.G., E.G.); and
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain (A.S.-M., F.M.)
| | - Frank Wellmer
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (K.G., B.Z., L.R., P.T.R., K.K., B.T., D.S.Ó., F.W.);
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland (K.G., E.G.); and
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain (A.S.-M., F.M.)
| | - Emmanuelle Graciet
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (K.G., B.Z., L.R., P.T.R., K.K., B.T., D.S.Ó., F.W.)
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland (K.G., E.G.); and
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain (A.S.-M., F.M.)
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24
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Boycheva I, Vassileva V, Revalska M, Zehirov G, Iantcheva A. Different functions of the histone acetyltransferase HAC1 gene traced in the model species Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:697-711. [PMID: 27180194 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, histone acetyltransferases regulate the acetylation of histones and transcription factors, affecting chromatin structural organization, transcriptional regulation, and gene activation. To assess the role of HAC1, a gene encoding for a histone acetyltransferase in Medicago truncatula, stable transgenic lines with modified HAC1 expression in the model plants M. truncatula, Lotus japonicus, and Arabidopsis thaliana were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and used for functional analyses. Histochemical, transcriptional, flow cytometric, and morphological analyses demonstrated the involvement of HAC1 in plant growth and development, responses to internal stimuli, and cell cycle progression. Expression patterns of a reporter gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (GUS) fused to the HAC1 promoter sequence were associated with young tissues comprised of actively dividing cells in different plant organs. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) signal, driven by the HAC1 promoter, was detected in the nuclei and cytoplasm of root cells. Transgenic lines with HAC1 overexpression and knockdown showed a wide range of phenotypic deviations and developmental abnormalities, which provided lines of evidence for the role of HAC1 in plant development. Synchronization of A. thaliana root tips in a line with HAC1 knockdown showed the involvement of this gene in the acetylation of two core histones during S phase of the plant cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Boycheva
- AgroBioInstitute, Blvd. Dragan Tzankov 8, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Valya Vassileva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Grigor Zehirov
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Iantcheva
- AgroBioInstitute, Blvd. Dragan Tzankov 8, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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25
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Denay G, Chahtane H, Tichtinsky G, Parcy F. A flower is born: an update on Arabidopsis floral meristem formation. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 35:15-22. [PMID: 27721031 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, floral meristems appear on the flanks of the inflorescence meristem. Their stereotypic development, ultimately producing the four whorls of floral organs, is essentially controlled by a network coordinating growth and cell-fate determination. This network integrates hormonal signals, transcriptional regulators, and mechanical constraints. Mechanisms regulating floral meristem formation have been studied at many different scales, from protein structure to tissue modeling. In this paper, we review recent findings related to the emergence of the floral meristem and floral fate determination and examine how this field has been impacted by recent technological developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Denay
- Laboratory of Plant & Cell Physiology, CNRS, CEA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hicham Chahtane
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gabrielle Tichtinsky
- Laboratory of Plant & Cell Physiology, CNRS, CEA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - François Parcy
- Laboratory of Plant & Cell Physiology, CNRS, CEA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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26
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Poyatos-Pertíñez S, Quinet M, Ortíz-Atienza A, Yuste-Lisbona FJ, Pons C, Giménez E, Angosto T, Granell A, Capel J, Lozano R. A Factor Linking Floral Organ Identity and Growth Revealed by Characterization of the Tomato Mutant unfinished flower development ( ufd). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1648. [PMID: 27872633 PMCID: PMC5098122 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Floral organogenesis requires coordinated interactions between genes specifying floral organ identity and those regulating growth and size of developing floral organs. With the aim to isolate regulatory genes linking both developmental processes (i.e., floral organ identity and growth) in the tomato model species, a novel mutant altered in the formation of floral organs was further characterized. Under normal growth conditions, floral organ primordia of mutant plants were correctly initiated, however, they were unable to complete their development impeding the formation of mature and fertile flowers. Thus, the growth of floral buds was blocked at an early stage of development; therefore, we named this mutant as unfinished flower development (ufd). Genetic analysis performed in a segregating population of 543 plants showed that the abnormal phenotype was controlled by a single recessive mutation. Global gene expression analysis confirmed that several MADS-box genes regulating floral identity as well as other genes participating in cell division and different hormonal pathways were affected in their expression patterns in ufd mutant plants. Moreover, ufd mutant inflorescences showed higher hormone contents, particularly ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and strigol compared to wild type. Such results indicate that UFD may have a key function as positive regulator of the development of floral primordia once they have been initiated in the four floral whorls. This function should be performed by affecting the expression of floral organ identity and growth genes, together with hormonal signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Poyatos-Pertíñez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de AlmeríaAlmería, Spain
| | - Muriel Quinet
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de AlmeríaAlmería, Spain
| | - Ana Ortíz-Atienza
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de AlmeríaAlmería, Spain
| | | | - Clara Pons
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Plantas y Biotecnología, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Estela Giménez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de AlmeríaAlmería, Spain
| | - Trinidad Angosto
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de AlmeríaAlmería, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Plantas y Biotecnología, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Juan Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de AlmeríaAlmería, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de AlmeríaAlmería, Spain
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27
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Alter P, Bircheneder S, Zhou LZ, Schlüter U, Gahrtz M, Sonnewald U, Dresselhaus T. Flowering Time-Regulated Genes in Maize Include the Transcription Factor ZmMADS1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:389-404. [PMID: 27457125 PMCID: PMC5074603 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time (FTi) control is well examined in the long-day plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and increasing knowledge is available for the short-day plant rice (Oryza sativa). In contrast, little is known in the day-neutral and agronomically important crop plant maize (Zea mays). To learn more about FTi and to identify novel regulators in this species, we first compared the time points of floral transition of almost 30 maize inbred lines and show that tropical lines exhibit a delay in flowering transition of more than 3 weeks under long-day conditions compared with European flint lines adapted to temperate climate zones. We further analyzed the leaf transcriptomes of four lines that exhibit strong differences in flowering transition to identify new key players of the flowering control network in maize. We found strong differences among regulated genes between these lines and thus assume that the regulation of FTi is very complex in maize. Especially genes encoding MADS box transcriptional regulators are up-regulated in leaves during the meristem transition. ZmMADS1 was selected for functional studies. We demonstrate that it represents a functional ortholog of the central FTi integrator SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) of Arabidopsis. RNA interference-mediated down-regulation of ZmMADS1 resulted in a delay of FTi in maize, while strong overexpression caused an early-flowering phenotype, indicating its role as a flowering activator. Taken together, we report that ZmMADS1 represents a positive FTi regulator that shares an evolutionarily conserved function with SOC1 and may now serve as an ideal stating point to study the integration and variation of FTi pathways also in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Alter
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany (P.A., S.B., L.-Z.Z., M.G., T.D.);Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (U.Sc.); andBiochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany (U.So.)
| | - Susanne Bircheneder
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany (P.A., S.B., L.-Z.Z., M.G., T.D.);Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (U.Sc.); andBiochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany (U.So.)
| | - Liang-Zi Zhou
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany (P.A., S.B., L.-Z.Z., M.G., T.D.);Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (U.Sc.); andBiochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany (U.So.)
| | - Urte Schlüter
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany (P.A., S.B., L.-Z.Z., M.G., T.D.);Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (U.Sc.); andBiochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany (U.So.)
| | - Manfred Gahrtz
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany (P.A., S.B., L.-Z.Z., M.G., T.D.);Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (U.Sc.); andBiochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany (U.So.)
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany (P.A., S.B., L.-Z.Z., M.G., T.D.);Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (U.Sc.); andBiochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany (U.So.)
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany (P.A., S.B., L.-Z.Z., M.G., T.D.);Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany (U.Sc.); andBiochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany (U.So.)
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28
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Poyatos-Pertíñez S, Quinet M, Ortíz-Atienza A, Bretones S, Yuste-Lisbona FJ, Lozano R. Genetic interactions of the unfinished flower development (ufd) mutant support a significant role of the tomato UFD gene in regulating floral organogenesis. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2016; 29:227-38. [PMID: 27295366 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-016-0286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic interactions of UFD gene support its specific function during reproductive development of tomato; in this process, UFD could play a pivotal role between inflorescence architecture and flower initiation genes. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a major vegetable crop that also constitutes a model species for the study of plant developmental processes. To gain insight into the control of flowering and floral development, a novel tomato mutant, unfinished flower development (ufd), whose inflorescence and flowers were unable to complete their normal development was characterized using double mutant and gene expression analyses. Genetic interactions of ufd with mutations affecting inflorescence fate (uniflora, jointless and single flower truss) were additive and resulted in double mutants displaying the inflorescence structure of the non-ufd parental mutant and the flower phenotype of the ufd mutant. In addition, ufd mutation promotes an earlier inflorescence meristem termination. Taken together, both results indicated that UFD is not involved in the maintenance of inflorescence meristem identity, although it could participate in the regulatory system that modulates the rate of meristem maturation. Regarding the floral meristem identity, the falsiflora mutation was epistatic to the ufd mutation even though FALSIFLORA was upregulated in ufd inflorescences. In terms of floral organ identity, the ufd mutation was epistatic to macrocalyx, and MACROCALYX expression was differently regulated depending on the inflorescence developmental stage. These results suggest that the UFD gene may play a pivotal role between the genes required for flowering initiation and inflorescence development (such as UNIFLORA, FALSIFLORA, JOINTLESS and SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS) and those required for further floral organ development such as the floral organ identity genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Poyatos-Pertíñez
- Departamento de Biología y Geología (Genética), Edificio CITE II-B, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Muriel Quinet
- Departamento de Biología y Geología (Genética), Edificio CITE II-B, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5 bte L7.07.13, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ana Ortíz-Atienza
- Departamento de Biología y Geología (Genética), Edificio CITE II-B, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Sandra Bretones
- Departamento de Biología y Geología (Genética), Edificio CITE II-B, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando J Yuste-Lisbona
- Departamento de Biología y Geología (Genética), Edificio CITE II-B, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Departamento de Biología y Geología (Genética), Edificio CITE II-B, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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29
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Gene-regulatory networks controlling inflorescence and flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1860:95-105. [PMID: 27487457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive development in plants is controlled by complex and intricate gene-regulatory networks of transcription factors. These networks integrate the information from endogenous, hormonal and environmental regulatory pathways. Many of the key players have been identified in Arabidopsis and other flowering plant species, and their interactions and molecular modes of action are being elucidated. An emerging theme is that there is extensive crosstalk between different pathways, which can be accomplished at the molecular level by modulation of transcription factor activity or of their downstream targets. In this review, we aim to summarize current knowledge on transcription factors and epigenetic regulators that control basic developmental programs during inflorescence and flower morphogenesis in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Networks, edited by Dr. Erich Grotewold and Dr. Nathan Springer.
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30
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Yan W, Chen D, Kaufmann K. Molecular mechanisms of floral organ specification by MADS domain proteins. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 29:154-62. [PMID: 26802807 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Flower development is a model system to understand organ specification in plants. The identities of different types of floral organs are specified by homeotic MADS transcription factors that interact in a combinatorial fashion. Systematic identification of DNA-binding sites and target genes of these key regulators show that they have shared and unique sets of target genes. DNA binding by MADS proteins is not based on 'simple' recognition of a specific DNA sequence, but depends on DNA structure and combinatorial interactions. Homeotic MADS proteins regulate gene expression via alternative mechanisms, one of which may be to modulate chromatin structure and accessibility in their target gene promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yan
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dijun Chen
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kaufmann
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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31
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Más P, Martínez-García J, Riechmann JL, Pelaz S. ICREA Workshop: from model systems to crops - challenges for a new era in plant biology. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:1-3. [PMID: 26118846 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Más
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Martínez-García
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i EstudisAvançats), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Riechmann
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i EstudisAvançats), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soraya Pelaz
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i EstudisAvançats), Barcelona, Spain
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