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Abstract
Accurate detection and quantitative evaluation of environmental water in vapor and liquids state expressed as humidity and precipitation play key roles in industrial and scientific applications. However, the development of supporting tools and techniques remains a challenge. Although optical methods such as IR and LASER could detect environmental water in the air, their apparatus is relatively huge. Alternatively, solid detection field systems (SDFSs) could recently lead to a revolution in device downsizing and sensing abilities via advanced research, mainly for materials technology. Herein, we present an overview of several SDFS based sensing categories and their core materials mainly used to detect water in atmosphere, either in the vapor or liquid phase. We considered the governing mechanism in the detection process, such as adsorption/desorption, condensation/evaporation for the vapor phase, and surface attach/detach for the liquid phase. Sensing categories such as optical, chilled mirror, resistive, capacitive, gravimetric sensors were reviewed together with their designated tools such as acoustic wave, quartz crystal microbalance, IDT, and many others, giving typical examples of daily based real scientific applications.
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Song X, Bai P, Ding J, Li J. Effect of vapor pressure deficit on growth and water status in muskmelon and cucumber. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110755. [PMID: 33487342 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climatic warming and water shortages have become global environmental issues affecting agricultural production. The change of morphology and anatomical structures in plant organs can greatly affect plant growth. The study combined temperature and relative humidity to regulate vapor pressure deficit (VPD) to form low and high VPD environments (LVPD and HVPD, respectively) in two climate-controlled greenhouses. The effects of different VPD conditions on gas exchange parameters, dry matter, and leaf and stem anatomical structure parameters of muskmelon and cucumber were compared and studied. The results show that the background VPD conditions give different internal structure of muskmelon and cucumber, therefore it can improve the transport capacity of water to the leaf surface under LVPD conditions. At the same time, the stomatal closure induced by atmospheric drought stress is avoided and the gas exchange capacity of the leaf stomata is enhanced, thereby maintaining high photosynthetic rate. Thus, reducing VPD is the key to achieving high yield and productivity in greenhouse muskmelon and cucumber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Song
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ping Bai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Juping Ding
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Devi MJ, Reddy VR. Stomatal closure response to soil drying at different vapor pressure deficit conditions in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:714-722. [PMID: 32758980 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A plant transpiration rate under progressive soil drying remains constant until a threshold fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) is reached, and subsequently decreases linearly. The sensitivity of this function and the involvement of abscisic acid (ABA) and aquaporins in such responses have not been compared at various levels of atmospheric evaporative demand conditions. This study was conducted in controlled environment chambers with a drought-tolerant maize hybrid imposing progressive drought stress under three levels of vapor pressure deficit (VPD- 1.2, 2.3, and 3.5 kPa). A shift in threshold-FTSW from 1.2 kPa (FTSW-0.42) VPD to 3.5 kPa(FTSW-0.51) VPD was observed, showing an effect of VPD on stomatal closure response under soil drought conditions. Foliar ABA showed a substantial rise approximately at the same time as of stomatal closure initiated (FTSW-threshold), indicating ABA involvement. As the drought progressed, an increase in plasma membrane intrinsic protein and a decrease in tonoplast intrinsic protein expression levels were observed. Overall, this study suggests the influence of evaporative demand on the initiation of stomatal closure of drought-tolerant maize subjected to soil drying. The sensitivity of stomatal closure was associated with foliar ABA under drought stress but not under high evaporative demand conditions, indicating alternative water conservative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mura Jyostna Devi
- USDA-ARS, Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States.
| | - Vangimalla R Reddy
- USDA-ARS, Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
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Sivasakthi K, Tharanya M, Zaman-Allah M, Kholová J, Thirunalasundari T, Vadez V. Transpiration difference under high evaporative demand in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) may be explained by differences in the water transport pathway in the root cylinder. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:769-780. [PMID: 32558986 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Terminal drought substantially reduces chickpea yield. Reducing water use at vegetative stage by reducing transpiration under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD), i.e. under dry/hot conditions, contributes to drought adaptation. We hypothesized that this trait could relate to differences in a genotype's dependence on root water transport pathways and hydraulics. Transpiration rate responses in conservative and profligate chickpea genotypes were evaluated under increasing VPD in the presence/absence of apoplastic and cell-to-cell transport inhibitors. Conservative genotypes ICC 4958 and ICC 8058 restricted transpiration under high VPD compared to the profligate genotypes ICC 14799 and ICC 867. Profligate genotypes were more affected by aquaporin inhibition of the cell-to-cell pathway than conservative genotypes, as measured by the root hydraulic conductance and transpiration under high VPD. Aquaporin inhibitor treatment also led to a larger reduction in root hydraulic conductivity in profligate than in conservative genotypes. In contrast, blockage of the apoplastic pathway in roots decreased transpiration more in conservative than in profligate genotypes. Interestingly, conservative genotypes had high early vigour, whereas profligate genotypes had low early vigour. In conclusion, profligate genotypes depend more on the cell-to-cell pathway, which might explain their higher root hydraulic conductivity, whereas water-saving by restricting transpiration led to higher dependence on the apoplastic pathway. This opens the possibility to screen for conservative or profligate chickpea phenotypes using inhibitors, itself opening to the search of the genetic basis of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sivasakthi
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Tharanya
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Zaman-Allah
- International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT), Mount Pleasant Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - J Kholová
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - T Thirunalasundari
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V Vadez
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement) - Univ. Montpellier - UMR DIADE, Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Vurro F, Janni M, Coppedè N, Gentile F, Manfredi R, Bettelli M, Zappettini A. Development of an In Vivo Sensor to Monitor the Effects of Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD) Changes to Improve Water Productivity in Agriculture. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E4667. [PMID: 31661770 PMCID: PMC6864644 DOI: 10.3390/s19214667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Environment, biodiversity and ecosystem services are essential to ensure food security and nutrition. Managing natural resources and mainstreaming biodiversity across agriculture sectors are keys towards a sustainable agriculture focused on resource efficiency. Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD) is considered the main driving force of water movements in the plant vascular system, however the tools available to monitor this parameter are usually based on environmental monitoring. The driving motif of this paper is the development of an in-vivo sensor to monitor the effects of VPD changes in the plant. We have used an in vivo sensor, termed "bioristor", to continuously monitor the changes occurring in the sap ion's status when plants experience different VPD conditions and we observed a specific R (sensor response) trend in response to VPD. The possibility to directly monitor the physiological changes occurring in the plant in different VPD conditions, can be used to increase efficiency of the water management in controlled conditions thus achieving a more sustainable use of natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Vurro
- Istituto dei materiali per l'elettronica e il magnetismo (IMEM-CNR) Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Michela Janni
- Istituto dei materiali per l'elettronica e il magnetismo (IMEM-CNR) Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse (IBBR-CNR) Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nicola Coppedè
- Istituto dei materiali per l'elettronica e il magnetismo (IMEM-CNR) Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesco Gentile
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Manfredi
- Istituto dei materiali per l'elettronica e il magnetismo (IMEM-CNR) Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Manuele Bettelli
- Istituto dei materiali per l'elettronica e il magnetismo (IMEM-CNR) Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Istituto dei materiali per l'elettronica e il magnetismo (IMEM-CNR) Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Shivaraj SM, Deshmukh R, Sonah H, Bélanger RR. Identification and characterization of aquaporin genes in Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis genomes, the diploid progenitors of peanut. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:222. [PMID: 30885116 PMCID: PMC6423786 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate transport of water and small solutes across cell membranes and play an important role in different physiological processes in plants. Despite their importance, limited data is available about AQP distribution and function in the economically important oilseed crop peanut, Arachis hypogea (AABB). The present study reports the identification and structural and expression analysis of the AQPs found in the diploid progenitor genomes of A. hypogea i.e. Arachis duranensis (AA) and Arachis ipaensis (BB). Results Genome-wide analysis revealed the presence of 32 and 36 AQPs in A. duranensis and A. ipaensis, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed similar numbers of AQPs clustered in five distinct subfamilies including the plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), the tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), the nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), the small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs), and the uncharacterized intrinsic proteins (XIPs). A notable exception was the XIP subfamily where XIP1 group was observed only in A. ipaensis genome. Protein structure evaluation showed a hydrophilic aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter (SF) in PIPs whereas other subfamilies mostly contained a hydrophobic ar/R SF. Both genomes contained one NIP2 with a GSGR SF indicating a conserved ability within the genus to uptake silicon. Analysis of RNA-seq data from A. hypogea revealed a similar expression pattern for the different AQP paralogs of AA and BB genomes. The TIP3s showed seed-specific expression while the NIP1s’ expression was confined to roots and root nodules. Conclusions The identification and the phylogenetic analysis of AQPs in both Arachis species revealed the presence of all five sub-families of AQPs. Within the NIP subfamily, the presence of a NIP2 in both genomes supports a conserved ability to absorb Si within plants of the genus. The global expression profile of AQPs in A. hypogea revealed a similar pattern of AQP expression regardless of the subfamilies or the genomes. The tissue-specific expression of AQPs suggests an important role in the development and function of the respective organs. The AQPs identified in the present study will serve as a resource for further characterization and possible exploitation of AQPs to understand their physiological role in A. hypogea. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5606-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shivaraj
- Département de phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Richard R Bélanger
- Département de phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Medina S, Vicente R, Nieto-Taladriz MT, Aparicio N, Chairi F, Vergara-Diaz O, Araus JL. The Plant-Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) in Durum Wheat Is Associated With Differential Yield Performance and Specific Expression of Genes Involved in Primary Metabolism and Water Transport. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1994. [PMID: 30697225 PMCID: PMC6341309 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of plant transpiration was proposed as a key factor affecting transpiration efficiency and agronomical adaptation of wheat to water-limited Mediterranean environments. However, to date no studies have related this trait to crop performance in the field. In this study, the transpiration response to increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD) of modern Spanish semi-dwarf durum wheat lines was evaluated under controlled conditions at vegetative stage, and the agronomical performance of the same set of lines was assessed at grain filling as well as grain yield at maturity, in Mediterranean environments ranging from water stressed to good agronomical conditions. A group of linear-transpiration response (LTR) lines exhibited better performance in grain yield and biomass compared to segmented-transpiration response (STR) lines, particularly in the wetter environments, whereas the reverse occurred only in the most stressed trial. LTR lines generally exhibited better water status (stomatal conductance) and larger green biomass (vegetation indices) during the reproductive stage than STR lines. In both groups, the responses to growing conditions were associated with the expression levels of dehydration-responsive transcription factors (DREB) leading to different performances of primary metabolism-related enzymes. Thus, the response of LTR lines under fair to good conditions was associated with higher transcription levels of genes involved in nitrogen (GS1 and GOGAT) and carbon (RCBL) metabolism, as well as water transport (TIP1.1). In conclusion, modern durum wheat lines differed in their response to water loss, the linear transpiration seemed to favor uptake and transport of water and nutrients, and photosynthetic metabolism led to higher grain yield except for very harsh drought conditions. The transpiration response to VPD may be a trait to further explore when selecting adaptation to specific water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Medina
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nieves Aparicio
- Agricultural Technology Institute of Castilla and León (ITACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Fadia Chairi
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Omar Vergara-Diaz
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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Sinclair TR, Devi J, Shekoofa A, Choudhary S, Sadok W, Vadez V, Riar M, Rufty T. Limited-transpiration response to high vapor pressure deficit in crop species. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 260:109-118. [PMID: 28554468 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit under nearly all field conditions is the major constraint on plant yields. Other than empirical observations, very little progress has been made in developing crop plants in which specific physiological traits for drought are expressed. As a consequence, there was little known about under what conditions and to what extent drought impacts crop yield. However, there has been rapid progress in recent years in understanding and developing a limited-transpiration trait under elevated atmospheric vapor pressure deficit to increase plant growth and yield under water-deficit conditions. This review paper examines the physiological basis for the limited-transpiration trait as result of low plant hydraulic conductivity, which appears to be related to aquaporin activity. Methodology was developed based on aquaporin involvement to identify candidate genotypes for drought tolerance of several major crop species. Cultivars of maize and soybean are now being marketed specifically for arid conditions. Understanding the mechanism of the limited-transpiration trait has allowed a geospatial analyses to define the environments in which increased yield responses can be expected. This review highlights the challenges and approaches to finally develop physiological traits contributing directly to plant improvement for water-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Sinclair
- Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA.
| | - Jyostna Devi
- Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA
| | - Avat Shekoofa
- Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA
| | - Sunita Choudhary
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Walid Sadok
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-6026, USA
| | - Vincent Vadez
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mandeep Riar
- Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA
| | - Thomas Rufty
- Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA
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10
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Zhang D, Tong J, He X, Xu Z, Xu L, Wei P, Huang Y, Brestic M, Ma H, Shao H. A Novel Soybean Intrinsic Protein Gene, GmTIP2;3, Involved in Responding to Osmotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1237. [PMID: 26779248 PMCID: PMC4705450 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Water is essential for plant growth and development. Water deficiency leads to loss of yield and decreased crop quality. To understand water transport mechanisms in plants, we cloned and characterized a novel tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) gene from soybean with the highest similarity to TIP2-type from other plants, and thus designated GmTIP2;3. The protein sequence contains two conserved NPA motifs and six transmembrane domains. The expression analysis indicated that this gene was constitutively expressed in all detected tissues, with higher levels in the root, stem and pod, and the accumulation of GmTIP2;3 transcript showed a significant response to osmotic stresses, including 20% PEG6000 (polyethylene glycol) and 100 μM ABA (abscisic acid) treatments. The promoter-GUS (glucuronidase) activity analysis suggested that GmTIP2;3 was also expressed in the root, stem, and leaf, and preferentially expressed in the stele of root and stem, and the core promoter region was 1000 bp in length, located upstream of the ATG start codon. The GUS tissue and induced expression observations were consistent with the findings in soybean. In addition, subcellular localization showed that GmTIP2;3 was a plasma membrane-localized protein. Yeast heterologous expression revealed that GmTIP2;3 could improve tolerance to osmotic stress in yeast cells. Integrating these results, GmTIP2;3 might play an important role in response to osmotic stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Dayong Zhang
| | - Jinfeng Tong
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Xiaolan He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Zhaolong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Peipei Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Yihong Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural UniversityNitra, Slovakia
| | - Hongxiang Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesYantai, China
- Hongbo Shao
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