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Tenhovirta SAM, Kohl L, Koskinen M, Polvinen T, Salmon Y, Paljakka T, Pihlatie M. Aerobic methane production in Scots pine shoots is independent of drought or photosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2440-2452. [PMID: 38549455 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Shoot-level emissions of aerobically produced methane (CH4) may be an overlooked source of tree-derived CH4, but insufficient understanding of the interactions between their environmental and physiological drivers still prevents the reliable upscaling of canopy CH4 fluxes. We utilised a novel automated chamber system to continuously measure CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) saplings under drought to investigate how canopy CH4 fluxes respond to the drought-induced alterations in their physiological processes and to isolate the shoot-level production of CH4 from soil-derived transport and photosynthesis. We found that aerobic CH4 emissions are not affected by the drought-induced stress, changes in physiological processes, or decrease in photosynthesis. Instead, these emissions vary on short temporal scales with environmental drivers such as temperature, suggesting that they result from abiotic degradation of plant compounds. Our study shows that aerobic CH4 emissions from foliage are distinct from photosynthesis-related processes. Thus, instead of photosynthesis rates, it is more reliable to construct regional and global estimates for the aerobic CH4 emission based on regional differences in foliage biomass and climate, also accounting for short-term variations of weather variables such as air temperature and solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla A M Tenhovirta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tatu Polvinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Yann Salmon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Forest Ecology and Management, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Teemu Paljakka
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Forest Ecology and Management, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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Ai P, Xue J, Zhu Y, Tan W, Wu Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Shi Z, Kang D, Zhang H, Jiang L, Wang Z. Comparative analysis of two kinds of garlic seedings: qualities and transcriptional landscape. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:87. [PMID: 36829121 PMCID: PMC9951544 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facility cultivation is widely applied to meet the increasing demand for high yield and quality, with light intensity and light quality being major limiting factors. However, how changes in the light environment affect development and quality are unclear in garlic. When garlic seedlings are grown, they can also be exposed to blanching culture conditions of darkness or low-light intensity to ameliorate their appearance and modify their bioactive compounds and flavor. RESULTS In this study, we determined the quality and transcriptomes of 14-day-old garlic and blanched garlic seedlings (green seedlings and blanched seedlings) to explore the mechanisms by which seedlings integrate light signals. The findings revealed that blanched garlic seedlings were taller and heavier in fresh weight compared to green garlic seedlings. In addition, the contents of allicin, cellulose, and soluble sugars were higher in the green seedlings. We also identified 3,872 differentially expressed genes between green and blanched garlic seedlings. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis suggested enrichment for plant-pathogen interactions, phytohormone signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and other metabolic processes. In functional annotations, pathways related to the growth and formation of the main compounds included phytohormone signaling, cell wall metabolism, allicin biosynthesis, secondary metabolism and MAPK signaling. Accordingly, we identified multiple types of transcription factor genes involved in plant-pathogen interactions, plant phytohormone signaling, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites among the differentially expressed genes between green and blanched garlic seedlings. CONCLUSIONS Blanching culture is one facility cultivation mode that promotes chlorophyll degradation, thus changing the outward appearance of crops, and improves their flavor. The large number of DEGs identified confirmed the difference of the regulatory machinery under two culture system. This study increases our understanding of the regulatory network integrating light and darkness signals in garlic seedlings and provides a useful resource for the genetic manipulation and cultivation of blanched garlic seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Ai
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Jundong Xue
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Yifei Zhu
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Wenchao Tan
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Yifei Wu
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Ying Wang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Zhongai Li
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Zhongya Shi
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Dongru Kang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Haoyi Zhang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Laboratory, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Chrysanthemum Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
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3
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Tenhovirta SAM, Kohl L, Koskinen M, Patama M, Lintunen A, Zanetti A, Lilja R, Pihlatie M. Solar radiation drives methane emissions from the shoots of Scots pine. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:66-77. [PMID: 35342950 PMCID: PMC9325065 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants are recognized as sources of aerobically produced methane (CH4 ), but the seasonality, environmental drivers and significance of CH4 emissions from the canopies of evergreen boreal trees remain poorly understood. We measured the CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) and Picea abies (Norway spruce) saplings in a static, non-steady-state chamber setup to investigate if the shoots of boreal conifers are a source of CH4 during spring. We found that the shoots of Scots pine emitted CH4 and these emissions correlated with the photosynthetically active radiation. For Norway spruce, the evidence for CH4 emissions from the shoots was inconclusive. Our study shows that the canopies of evergreen boreal trees are a potential source of CH4 in the spring and that these emissions are driven by a temperature-by-light interaction effect of solar radiation either directly or indirectly through its effects on tree physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla A. M. Tenhovirta
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Marjo Patama
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Anna Lintunen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
- Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 27Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Alessandro Zanetti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
- Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 27Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Rauna Lilja
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
- Department of Agricultural SciencesViikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS)University of HelsinkiHelsinki00014Finland
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4
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Schroll M, Lenhart K, Greiner S, Keppler F. Making plant methane formation visible-Insights from application of 13C-labeled dimethyl sulfoxide. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:104-117. [PMID: 37284426 PMCID: PMC10168057 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) formation by vegetation has been studied intensively over the last 15 years. However, reported CH4 emissions vary by several orders of magnitude, thus making global estimates difficult. Moreover, the mechanism(s) for CH4 formation by plants is (are) largely unknown.Here, we introduce a new approach for making CH4 formation by plants clearly visible. By application of 13C-labeled dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) onto the leaves of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) and Chinese silver grass (Miscanthus sinensis) the effect of light and dark conditions on CH4 formation of this pathway was examined by monitoring stable carbon isotope ratios of headspace CH4 (δ13C-CH4 values).Both plant species showed increasing headspace δ13C-CH4 values while exposed to light. Higher light intensities increased CH4 formation rates in N. tabacum but decreased rates for M. sinensis. In the dark no formation of CH4 could be detected for N. tabacum, while M. sinensis still produced ~50% of CH4 compared to that during light exposure.Our findings suggest that CH4 formation is clearly dependent on light conditions and plant species and thus indicate that DMSO is a potential precursor of vegetative CH4. The novel isotope approach has great potential to investigate, at high temporal resolution, physiological, and environmental factors that control pathway-specific CH4 emissions from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Schroll
- Institute of Earth SciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Katharina Lenhart
- Bingen University of Applied SciencesBingenGermany
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS)HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth SciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE)Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
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5
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Putkinen A, Siljanen HMP, Laihonen A, Paasisalo I, Porkka K, Tiirola M, Haikarainen I, Tenhovirta S, Pihlatie M. New insight to the role of microbes in the methane exchange in trees: evidence from metagenomic sequencing. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:524-536. [PMID: 33780002 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4 ) exchange in tree stems and canopies and the processes involved are among the least understood components of the global CH4 cycle. Recent studies have focused on quantifying tree stems as sources of CH4 and understanding abiotic CH4 emissions in plant canopies, with the role of microbial in situ CH4 formation receiving less attention. Moreover, despite initial reports revealing CH4 consumption, studies have not adequately evaluated the potential of microbial CH4 oxidation within trees. In this paper, we discuss the current level of understanding on these processes. Further, we demonstrate the potential of novel metagenomic tools in revealing the involvement of microbes in the CH4 exchange of plants, and particularly in boreal trees. We detected CH4 -producing methanogens and novel monooxygenases, potentially involved in CH4 consumption, in coniferous plants. In addition, our field flux measurements from Norway spruce (Picea abies) canopies demonstrate both net CH4 emissions and uptake, giving further evidence that both production and consumption are relevant to the net CH4 exchange. Our findings, together with the emerging diversity of novel CH4 -producing microbial groups, strongly suggest microbial analyses should be integrated in the studies aiming to reveal the processes and drivers behind plant CH4 exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuliina Putkinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Henri M P Siljanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70200, Finland
- Department of Ecogenomics and Archaea Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Antti Laihonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Inga Paasisalo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70200, Finland
| | - Kaija Porkka
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Savonlinna, FI-57200, Finland
| | - Marja Tiirola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Iikka Haikarainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Salla Tenhovirta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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6
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Martel AB, Taylor AE, Qaderi MM. Individual and interactive effects of temperature and light intensity on canola growth, physiological characteristics and methane emissions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:160-168. [PMID: 33120108 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that plants produce methane (CH4) under aerobic conditions, and that this emission is not microbial in nature. However, the precursors of aerobic CH4 remain under debate, and the combined effects of environmental factors on plant-derived CH4 requires further attention. The objective of this study was to determine the interactive effects of temperature and light intensity on CH4 and other relevant plant parameters in canola (Brassica napus L.). Plants were grown under two temperature regimes (22/18 °C and 28/24 °C, 16 h light/8 h dark) and two light intensities (300 and 600 μmol photons m-2 s-1) for 21 days after one week of growth under 22/18 °C (16 h light/8 h dark). In this study, higher temperature had little effects on CH4 emissions from plants, indicating the mitigating effects of higher light intensity. Higher light intensity, however, significantly decreased CH4, which was inversely related to plant dry mass. Higher light intensity decreased stem height, leaf area ratio, chlorophyll, nitrogen balance index, leaf moisture, methionine (Met) and ethylene (C2H4), but increased specific leaf mass, photochemical quenching, flavonoids, epicuticular wax, lysine and tyrosine. The results revealed that increased CH4 emissions from plants could be related to changes in plant physiological activities, which portrayed themselves in increased C2H4 evolution, and methylated amino acids, such as Met. We conclude that higher light intensity reduces Met and, in turn, CH4 and C2H4 emissions, but lower light intensity enhances CH4 formation through cleavage of methyl group of amino acids by reactive oxygen species, as previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B Martel
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Amanda E Taylor
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3M 2J6, Canada
| | - Mirwais M Qaderi
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada; Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3M 2J6, Canada.
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7
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Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analysis of pear leaves under distinct training systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18892. [PMID: 33144674 PMCID: PMC7641215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Canopy architecture is critical in determining the light interception and distribution, and subsequently the photosynthetic efficiency and productivity. However, the physiological responses and molecular mechanisms by which pear canopy architectural traits impact on photosynthesis remain poorly understood. Here, physiological investigations coupled with comparative transcriptomic analyses were performed in pear leaves under distinct training systems. Compared with traditional freestanding system, flat-type trellis system (DP) showed higher net photosynthetic rate (PN) levels at the most time points throughout the entire monitored period, especially for the interior of the canopy in sunny side. Gene ontology analysis revealed that photosynthesis, carbohydrate derivative catabolic process and fatty acid metabolic process were over-represented in leaves of DP system with open-canopy characteristics. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis uncovered a significant network module positive correlated with PN value. The hub genes (PpFKF1 and PpPRR5) of the module were enriched in circadian rhythm pathway, suggesting a functional role for circadian clock genes in mediating photosynthetic performance under distinct training systems. These results draw a link between pear photosynthetic response and specific canopy architectural traits, and highlight light harvesting and circadian clock network as potential targets for the input signals from the fluctuating light availability under distinct training systems.
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8
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Li L, Wei S, Shen W. The role of methane in plant physiology: a review. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:171-179. [PMID: 31646372 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4), one of the most important greenhouse gases, has conventionally been considered as a physiologic inert gas. However, this perspective has been challenged by the observation that CH4 has diverse biological functions in animals, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptosis. Meanwhile, it has now been identified as a possible candidate of gaseous signaling molecule in plants, although its biosynthetic and metabolic pathways as well as the mechanism(s) of CH4 signaling have not fully understood yet. This paper aims to review the available evidence for the biological roles of CH4 in regulating plant physiology. Although currently available reports do not fully support the notion of CH4 as a gasotransmitter, they do show that CH4 might be produced by an aerobic, non-microbial pathway from plants, and plays important roles in enhancing plant tolerance against abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, heavy metal exposure, and promoting root development, as well as delaying senescence and browning. Further results showed that CH4 could interact with reactive oxygen species (ROS), other gaseous signaling molecules [e.g., nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S)], and glutathione (GSH). These reports thus support the idea that plant-produced CH4 might be a component of a survival strategy of plants. Finally, the possibility of CH4 application in agriculture is preliminarily discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longna Li
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Siqi Wei
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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9
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Abdulmajeed AM, Qaderi MM. Differential effects of environmental stressors on physiological processes and methane emissions in pea (Pisum sativum) plants at various growth stages. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:715-723. [PMID: 31055132 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the effects of one or two environmental factors on methane (CH4) emissions from plants at a single growth stage, but the impact that multiple co-occurring stress factors may have on emissions at different growth stages has rarely been studied. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of temperature, ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation, and watering regime on CH4 emissions and some relevant physiological characteristics of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. 237 J Sundance) plants at three growth stages. We grew plants under two temperature regimes (22/18 °C and 28/24 °C; 16 h light/8 h dark), two UVB levels [0 and 5 kJ m-2 d-1] and two watering regimes (well-watered, watering plants to field capacity, and water-stressed, watering plants at wilting point). Measurements were then taken after 10, 20, and 30 days of growth under experimental conditions, following seven days of initial growth under 22/18 °C. Higher temperatures, UVB5, and water stress adversely affected photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence, but increased CH4 emissions, which decreased with increased plant age. Also, interaction of higher temperatures and UVB5 reversed the pattern of CH4 emissions at growth stages, compared to that of other treatments. We conclude that CH4 emission decreases with plant age, and it is affected by stress factors through changes in physiological activities of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awatif M Abdulmajeed
- Department of Biology, Life Science Centre, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mirwais M Qaderi
- Department of Biology, Life Science Centre, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3M 2J6, Canada.
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10
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Covey KR, Megonigal JP. Methane production and emissions in trees and forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:35-51. [PMID: 30521089 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 35 I. Introduction 36 II. Tree CH4 fluxes 36 III. Tree emissions of soil-produced CH4 40 IV. Tree-produced CH4 42 V. Trees in forest CH4 budgets 44 VI. Conclusions 46 Acknowledgements 48 Author contributions 48 References 48 SUMMARY: Forest ecosystem methane (CH4 ) research has focused on soils, but trees are also important sources and sinks in forest CH4 budgets. Living and dead trees transport and emit CH4 produced in soils; living trees and dead wood emit CH4 produced inside trees by microorganisms; and trees produce CH4 through an abiotic photochemical process. Here, we review the state of the science on the production, consumption, transport, and emission of CH4 by living and dead trees, and the spatial and temporal dynamics of these processes across hydrologic gradients inclusive of wetland and upland ecosystems. Emerging research demonstrates that tree CH4 emissions can significantly increase the source strength of wetland forests, and modestly decrease the sink strength of upland forests. Scaling from stem or leaf measurements to trees or forests is limited by knowledge of the mechanisms by which trees transport soil-produced CH4 , microbial processes produce and oxidize CH4 inside trees, a lack of mechanistic models, the diffuse nature of forest CH4 fluxes, complex overlap between sources and sinks, and extreme variation across individuals. Understanding the complex processes that regulate CH4 source-sink dynamics in trees and forests requires cross-disciplinary research and new conceptual models that transcend the traditional binary classification of wetland vs upland forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer R Covey
- Environmental Studies and Sciences Program, Skidmore College, 815 N Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - J Patrick Megonigal
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
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Martel AB, Qaderi MM. Unravelling the effects of blue light on aerobic methane emissions from canola. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 233:12-19. [PMID: 30576928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is now well documented that plants produce methane (CH4) under aerobic conditions. However, the nature of methane production in plants and all the potential precursors and environmental factors that can be involved in the process are not fully understood. Earlier studies have suggested several chemical compounds, including the amino acid methionine, as precursors of aerobic methane in plants, but none have explored other amino acids as potential precursors or blue light as a driving force of methane emission. We examined the effects of blue light, and the promoter or inhibitor of endogenous ethylene on methane and ethylene emissions, amino acids, and some plant physiological parameters in canola (Brassica napus). Plants were grown under four light conditions: no supplemental blue light, and low, medium, or high blue light, and exposed to three chemical treatments: no chemical application, ethylene promoter (kinetin), or ethylene inhibitor (silver nitrate). Regardless of chemical treatment, blue light significantly increased methane emission, which was accompanied by decreased plant biomass, gas exchange, and flavonoids, but by increased wax, and most amino acids. This study revealed that blue light drives aerobic methane emission from plants by releasing of methyl group from a number of amino acids, and that the methane production in plants may have several pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B Martel
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Mirwais M Qaderi
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada; Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3M 2J6, Canada.
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12
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Bais F, Luca RM, Bornman JF, Williamson CE, Sulzberger B, Austin AT, Wilson SR, Andrady AL, Bernhard G, McKenzie RL, Aucamp PJ, Madronich S, Neale RE, Yazar S, Young AR, de Gruijl FR, Norval M, Takizawa Y, Barnes PW, Robson TM, Robinson SA, Ballaré CL, Flint SD, Neale PJ, Hylander S, Rose KC, Wängberg SÅ, Häder DP, Worrest RC, Zepp RG, Paul ND, Cory RM, Solomon KR, Longstreth J, Pandey KK, Redhwi HH, Torikai A, Heikkilä AM. Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:127-179. [PMID: 29404558 PMCID: PMC6155474 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp90043k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels of experts that inform the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. The EEAP focuses on the effects of UV radiation on human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, air quality, and materials, as well as on the interactive effects of UV radiation and global climate change. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than previously held. Because of the Montreal Protocol, there are now indications of the beginnings of a recovery of stratospheric ozone, although the time required to reach levels like those before the 1960s is still uncertain, particularly as the effects of stratospheric ozone on climate change and vice versa, are not yet fully understood. Some regions will likely receive enhanced levels of UV radiation, while other areas will likely experience a reduction in UV radiation as ozone- and climate-driven changes affect the amounts of UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Like the other Panels, the EEAP produces detailed Quadrennial Reports every four years; the most recent was published as a series of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter Update Reports of recent and relevant scientific findings. The most recent of these was for 2016 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2017, 16, 107-145). The present 2017 Update Report assesses some of the highlights and new insights about the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. A full 2018 Quadrennial Assessment, will be made available in 2018/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bais
- Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R. M. Luca
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National Univ., Canberra, Australia
| | - J. F. Bornman
- Curtin Univ., Curtin Business School, Perth, Australia
| | | | - B. Sulzberger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A. T. Austin
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. R. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - A. L. Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - G. Bernhard
- Biospherical Instruments Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - P. J. Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Consultants, Faerie Glen, South Africa
| | - S. Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - R. E. Neale
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S. Yazar
- Univ. of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | | | - F. R. de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden Univ. Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Norval
- Univ. of Edinburgh Medical School, UK
| | - Y. Takizawa
- Akita Univ. School of Medicine, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Nakadai, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. W. Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola Univ., New Orleans, USA
| | - T. M. Robson
- Research Programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Univ. of Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - C. L. Ballaré
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. D. Flint
- Dept of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - P. J. Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - S. Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, Linnaeus Univ., Kalmar, Sweden
| | - K. C. Rose
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - S.-Å. Wängberg
- Dept Marine Sciences, Univ. of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - D.-P. Häder
- Friedrich-Alexander Univ. Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dept of Biology, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - R. C. Worrest
- CIESIN, Columbia Univ., New Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - R. G. Zepp
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - N. D. Paul
- Lanter Environment Centre, Lanter Univ., LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - R. M. Cory
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K. R. Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J. Longstreth
- The Institute for Global Risk Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K. K. Pandey
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - H. H. Redhwi
- Chemical Engineering Dept, King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Torikai
- Materials Life Society of Japan, Kayabacho Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. M. Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute R&D/Climate Research, Helsinki, Finland
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