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Zhe Z, Hongjiao Z, Tongtong Y, Kexin W, Jingjing X, Hongrui Z, Siyue Q, Hong A, Bo Q, Huihui Z. The homeostasis of ions and reactive oxygen species in root and shoot play crucial roles in the tolerance of alfalfa to salt alkali stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 216:109175. [PMID: 39362124 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
High pH saline-alkali stress, mainly NaHCO3, limited the development of animal husbandry in Songnen Plain. Ion imbalance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism disorder caused by saline-alkali stress inhibited plant growth. In this study, we compared the differences in ion absorption, transport and ROS metabolism between saline-tolerant alfalfa (ZD) and saline-sensitive alfalfa (ZM) under NaHCO3 stress using physiology and transcripomics techniques. WGCNA analysis identified key genes associated with NaHCO3 stress-induced changes. NaHCO3 stress inhibited the absorption of K+ and Mg2+, but activated Ca2+ signal. Furthermore, ZD maintained higher K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ contents and the K+/Na+ ratio than ZM, this is mainly related to the higher expression of proteins or channel-encoding genes involved in ion absorption and transport in ZD. Antioxidant enzyme systems can be activated in response to NaHCO3 stress. Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.6), catalase (EC 1.11.1.7) and glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) activities were higher in ZD than ZM, and most genes encoding the relevant enzymes also demonstrated a stronger up-regulation trend in ZD. Although NaHCO3 stress inhibited Trx-Prx pathway, ZD related enzymes and their genes were also inhibited less than ZM. WGCNA results identified many genes involved in ion absorption, transport and antioxidant systems that play an important role in NaHCO3 stress adaptation. Collectively, ZD has the stronger ion homeostasis regulation and ROS scavenging ability, so it's more resistant to NaHCO3. The results provide theoretical guidance for further understanding of the molecular mechanism of NaHCO3 resistance and provide potential genes for research to improve saline-alkali tolerance in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhe
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhang Hongjiao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yao Tongtong
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wang Kexin
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xu Jingjing
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhang Hongrui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qi Siyue
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ao Hong
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Qin Bo
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Crop Resources Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Zhang Huihui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Khare T, Seth CS, Kumar V. Sodium stress-induced oxidative damage and antioxidant responses during grain filling in Indica rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:239. [PMID: 39317783 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Sodium treatment caused the sodium ion accumulation at the milk stage of immature rice grains which in turn triggered the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage. The tolerant cultivar showed an enhanced antioxidative response and induced expressions of OsNHX and OsHKT ion-transporters. Sodium chloride-(NaCl) induced soil salinity is a major constraint hindering global rice production. Amongst its constituent ions, sodium (Na+) is known to be the main driver of toxicity under salt stress. The present investigation aims to measure the impacts of excess Na+ during rice grain filling using two Indica rice cultivars with opposite tolerances to salt (salt tolerant: Panvel-3, salt-sensitive: Sahyadri-3) mainly via oxidative and responsive antioxidative pathways. Plants were treated with Na+-specific treatments and NaCl with equimolar Na+ levels (100 mM) at the initiation of the reproductive phase. Stressed and control plants were harvested at three different grain-filling stages- early milk, milk, and dough and assessed for ion accumulation and oxidative damage/antioxidant responses under Na+ stress. Na+ toxicity triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and upregulated the responsive enzymatic antioxidants. Na+ stress also increased the nitric oxide (NO) levels and the activity of nitrate reductase in immature grains. Differential expression levels of OsNHX and OsHKT transporters were observed in response to Na+ stress. Mature grains displayed a high accumulation of Na+ along with reduced K+ content and elevated Na+/K+ under high Na+ availability. The alterations in mature grains' sugar, starch, and protein content were also observed in response to the Na+ stress. Overall, the salt-tolerant cultivar displayed higher antioxidant activities and a lower rate of ROS generation in response to the Na+ stress. Results suggested a link between Na+ accumulation, Na+-mediated stress responses via anti/-oxidant pathways, and the grain-filling process in both rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Khare
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
| | | | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India.
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Shivute FN, Zhong Y, Wu J, Bao Y, Wang W, Liu X, Lu Z, Yu H. Genome-wide and pan-genomic analysis reveals rich variants of NBS-LRR genes in a newly developed wild rice line from Oryza alta Swallen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1345708. [PMID: 38650702 PMCID: PMC11033514 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1345708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Oryza alta Swallen is an allotetraploid perennial wild rice and contains CCDD genome, which may harbor favorable genes for the enrichment of genetic resource. Methods A new wild rice line, Huaye 5, was developed from Oryza alta Swallen in our lab. Whole genome re-sequencing and pan-genomic analysis were employed to analyze its genomic variations and novel genes. Results and Discussion More than ten million genomic variations were detected when compared with Asian cultivar. Among the variational genes, 724, 197 and 710 genes coded protein kinase, synthetase and transcription factor, respectively. A total of 353, 131 and 135 variational genes were associated with morphological trait, physiological trait, resistance or tolerance, respectively. A total of 62 were NBS-LRR genes were detected, in which 11 NBS-LRR genes expressed in sheath and mature stem, and 26 expressed in young and mature roots expressed. The pan-genome sequences of wild rice species with CCDD genome were constructed by integrating 8 Oryza alta (OA), 2 Oryza grandiglumis (OG) and 18 Oryza latifolia (OL) accessions. A total of 28 non-reference NBS-LRR genes were revealed, and 7 of which were mainly expressed in mature roots. This research demonstrated rich DNA variation in the Oryza alta Swallen that may provide a new germplasm for rice resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fimanekeni Ndaitavela Shivute
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueming Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Chen T, Niu Y, Yang C, Liang Y, Xu J. Screening of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Salinity Tolerance and Dissecting Determinants of Tolerance Mechanism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1036. [PMID: 38611565 PMCID: PMC11013488 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity imposes osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stresses on plants, resulting in growth inhibition, developmental changes, metabolic adaptations, and ion sequestration or exclusion. Identifying salinity-tolerant resources and understanding physiological and molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance could lay a foundation for the improvement of salinity tolerance in rice. In this study, a series of salinity-tolerance-related morphological and physiological traits were investigated in 46 rice genotypes, including Sea Rice 86, to reveal the main strategies of rice in responding to salinity stress at the seedling stage. No genotypes showed the same tolerance level as the two landraces Pokkali and Nona Bokra, which remain the donors for improving the salinity tolerance of rice. However, due to undesirable agronomic traits of these donors, alternative cultivars such as JC118S and R1 are recommended as novel source of salinity tolerance. Correlation and principal component analyses revealed that the salinity tolerance of rice seedlings is not only controlled by growth vigor but also regulated by ion transport pathways such as long-distance Na+ transport, root Na+ sequestration, and root K+ retention. Therefore, such key traits should be targeted in future breeding programs as the strategy of obtaining better Na+ exclusion is still the bottleneck for improving salinity tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; (T.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yanan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Changdeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; (T.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; (T.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Jianlong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
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Trotti J, Trapani I, Gulino F, Aceto M, Minio M, Gerotto C, Mica E, Valè G, Barbato R, Pagliano C. Physiological Responses to Salt Stress at the Seedling Stage in Wild ( Oryza rufipogon Griff.) and Cultivated ( Oryza sativa L.) Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:369. [PMID: 38337902 PMCID: PMC10857172 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Domesticated rice Oryza sativa L. is a major staple food worldwide, and the cereal most sensitive to salinity. It originated from the wild ancestor Oryza rufipogon Griff., which was reported to possess superior salinity tolerance. Here, we examined the morpho-physiological responses to salinity stress (80 mM NaCl for 7 days) in seedlings of an O. rufipogon accession and two Italian O. sativa genotypes, Baldo (mildly tolerant) and Vialone Nano (sensitive). Under salt treatment, O. rufipogon showed the highest percentage of plants with no to moderate stress symptoms, displaying an unchanged shoot/root biomass ratio, the highest Na+ accumulation in roots, the lowest root and leaf Na+/K+ ratio, and highest leaf relative water content, leading to a better preservation of the plant architecture, ion homeostasis, and water status. Moreover, O. rufipogon preserved the overall leaf carbon to nitrogen balance and photosynthetic apparatus integrity. Conversely, Vialone Nano showed the lowest percentage of plants surviving after treatment, and displayed a higher reduction in the growth of shoots rather than roots, with leaves compromised in water and ionic balance, negatively affecting the photosynthetic performance (lowest performance index by JIP-test) and apparatus integrity. Baldo showed intermediate salt tolerance. Being O. rufipogon interfertile with O. sativa, it resulted a good candidate for pre-breeding towards salt-tolerant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Trotti
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, Piazza Sant’Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (J.T.); (F.G.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (G.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Isabella Trapani
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Federica Gulino
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, Piazza Sant’Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (J.T.); (F.G.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (G.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Maurizio Aceto
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, Piazza Sant’Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (J.T.); (F.G.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (G.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Miles Minio
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Caterina Gerotto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Erica Mica
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, Piazza Sant’Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (J.T.); (F.G.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (G.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Giampiero Valè
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, Piazza Sant’Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (J.T.); (F.G.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (G.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Roberto Barbato
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, Piazza Sant’Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (J.T.); (F.G.); (M.A.); (E.M.); (G.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Cristina Pagliano
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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Martins TS, Da-Silva CJ, Shabala S, Striker GG, Carvalho IR, de Oliveira ACB, do Amarante L. Understanding plant responses to saline waterlogging: insights from halophytes and implications for crop tolerance. PLANTA 2023; 259:24. [PMID: 38108902 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Saline and wet environments stress most plants, reducing growth and yield. Halophytes adapt with ion regulation, energy maintenance, and antioxidants. Understanding these mechanisms aids in breeding resilient crops for climate change. Waterlogging and salinity are two abiotic stresses that have a major negative impact on crop growth and yield. These conditions cause osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stress, as well as energy deprivation, thus impairing plant growth and development. Although few crop species can tolerate the combination of salinity and waterlogging, halophytes are plant species that exhibit high tolerance to these conditions due to their morphological, anatomical, and metabolic adaptations. In this review, we discuss the main mechanisms employed by plants exposed to saline waterlogging, intending to understand the mechanistic basis of their ion homeostasis. We summarize the knowledge of transporters and channels involved in ion accumulation and exclusion, and how they are modulated to prevent cytosolic toxicity. In addition, we discuss how reactive oxygen species production and cell signaling enhance ion transport and aerenchyma formation, and how plants exposed to saline waterlogging can control oxidative stress. We also address the morphological and anatomical modifications that plants undergo in response to combined stress, including aerenchyma formation, root porosity, and other traits that help to mitigate stress. Furthermore, we discuss the peculiarities of halophyte plants and their features that can be leveraged to improve crop yields in areas prone to saline waterlogging. This review provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of plant adaptation to saline waterlogging thus paving the path for future research on crop breeding and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires S Martins
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão Do Leão, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology (LCroP), Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane J Da-Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão Do Leão, Brazil.
- Department of Horticultural Science, NC State University, Raleigh, USA.
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Gustavo G Striker
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Ivan R Carvalho
- Departamento de Estudos Agrários, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Ijuí, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano do Amarante
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão Do Leão, Brazil
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Li L, Zheng Q, Jiang W, Xiao N, Zeng F, Chen G, Mak M, Chen ZH, Deng F. Molecular Regulation and Evolution of Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Abiotic Stresses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1787-1805. [PMID: 35639886 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable production of crops faces increasing challenges from global climate change and human activities, which leads to increasing instances of many abiotic stressors to plants. Among the abiotic stressors, drought, salinity and excessive levels of toxic metals cause reductions in global agricultural productivity and serious health risks for humans. Cytokinins (CKs) are key phytohormones functioning in both normal development and stress responses in plants. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms on the biosynthesis, metabolism, transport and signaling transduction pathways of CKs. CKs act as negative regulators of both root system architecture plasticity and root sodium exclusion in response to salt stress. The functions of CKs in mineral-toxicity tolerance and their detoxification in plants are reviewed. Comparative genomic analyses were performed to trace the origin, evolution and diversification of the critical regulatory networks linking CK signaling and abiotic stress. We found that the production of CKs and their derivatives, pathways of signal transduction and drought-response root growth regulation are evolutionarily conserved in land plants. In addition, the mechanisms of CK-mediated sodium exclusion under salt stress are suggested for further investigations. In summary, we propose that the manipulation of CK levels and their signaling pathways is important for plant abiotic stress and is, therefore, a potential strategy for meeting the increasing demand for global food production under changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Qingfeng Zheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Nayun Xiao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Michelle Mak
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Fenglin Deng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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8
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Xiao F, Zhou H. Plant salt response: Perception, signaling, and tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1053699. [PMID: 36684765 PMCID: PMC9854262 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1053699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the significant environmental stressors that severely affects plant growth and development. Plant responses to salt stress involve a series of biological mechanisms, including osmoregulation, redox and ionic homeostasis regulation, as well as hormone or light signaling-mediated growth adjustment, which are regulated by different functional components. Unraveling these adaptive mechanisms and identifying the critical genes involved in salt response and adaption are crucial for developing salt-tolerant cultivars. This review summarizes the current research progress in the regulatory networks for plant salt tolerance, highlighting the mechanisms of salt stress perception, signaling, and tolerance response. Finally, we also discuss the possible contribution of microbiota and nanobiotechnology to plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Huapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Peng Y, Cao H, Peng Z, Zhou L, Sohail H, Cui L, Yang L, Huang Y, Bie Z. Transcriptomic and functional characterization reveals CsHAK5;3 as a key player in K + homeostasis in grafted cucumbers under saline conditions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111509. [PMID: 36283579 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grafting can improve the salt tolerance of many crops. However, critical genes in scions responsive to rootstock under salt stress remain a mystery. We found that pumpkin rootstock decreased the content of Na+ by 70.24 %, increased the content of K+ by 25.9 %, and increased the K+/Na+ ratio by 366.0 % in cucumber scion leaves. RNA-seq analysis showed that ion transport-related genes were the key genes involved in salt stress tolerance in grafted cucumber. The identification and analysis of the expression of K+ transporter proteins in cucumber and pumpkin revealed six and five HAK5 members, respectively. The expression of CsHAK5;3 in cucumber was elevated in different graft combinations under salt stress and most notably in cucumber scion/pumpkin rootstock. CsHAK5;3 was localized to the plasma membrane, and a yeast complementation assay revealed that it can transport K+. CsHAK5;3 knockout in hairy root mutants decreased the K+ content of leaves (45.6 %) and roots (50.3 %), increased the Na+ content of leaves (29.3 %) and roots (34.8 %), and decreased the K+/Na+ ratio of the leaves (57.9 %) and roots (62.9 %) in cucumber. However, CsHAK5;3 overexpression in hairy roots increased the K+ content of the leaves (31.2 %) and roots (38.3 %), decreased the Na+ content of leaves (17.2 %) and roots (14.3 %), and increased the K+/Na+ ratio of leaves (58.9 %) and roots (61.6 %) in cucumber. In conclusion, CsHAK5;3 in cucumber can mediate K+ transport and is one of the key target pumpkin genes that enhance salt tolerance of cucumber grafted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haishun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaowen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lvjun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhilong Bie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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10
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Shahzad B, Shabala L, Zhou M, Venkataraman G, Solis CA, Page D, Chen ZH, Shabala S. Comparing Essentiality of SOS1-Mediated Na + Exclusion in Salinity Tolerance between Cultivated and Wild Rice Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9900. [PMID: 36077294 PMCID: PMC9456175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major constraint that affects plant growth and development. Rice is a staple food for more than half of the human population but is extremely sensitive to salinity. Among the several known mechanisms, the ability of the plant to exclude cytosolic Na+ is strongly correlated with salinity stress tolerance in different plant species. This exclusion is mediated by the plasma membrane (PM) Na+/H+ antiporter encoded by Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS1) gene and driven by a PM H+-ATPase generated proton gradient. However, it is not clear to what extent this mechanism is operational in wild and cultivated rice species, given the unique rice root anatomy and the existence of the bypass flow for Na+. As wild rice species provide a rich source of genetic diversity for possible introgression of abiotic stress tolerance, we investigated physiological and molecular basis of salinity stress tolerance in Oryza species by using two contrasting pairs of cultivated (Oryza sativa) and wild rice species (Oryza alta and Oryza punctata). Accordingly, dose- and age-dependent Na+ and H+ fluxes were measured using a non-invasive ion selective vibrating microelectrode (the MIFE technique) to measure potential activity of SOS1-encoded Na+/H+ antiporter genes. Consistent with GUS staining data reported in the literature, rice accessions had (~4-6-fold) greater net Na+ efflux in the root elongation zone (EZ) compared to the mature root zone (MZ). Pharmacological experiments showed that Na+ efflux in root EZ is suppressed by more than 90% by amiloride, indicating the possible involvement of Na+/H+ exchanger activity in root EZ. Within each group (cultivated vs. wild) the magnitude of amiloride-sensitive Na+ efflux was higher in tolerant genotypes; however, the activity of Na+/H+ exchanger was 2-3-fold higher in the cultivated rice compared with their wild counterparts. Gene expression levels of SOS1, SOS2 and SOS3 were upregulated under 24 h salinity treatment in all the tested genotypes, with the highest level of SOS1 transcript detected in salt-tolerant wild rice genotype O. alta (~5-6-fold increased transcript level) followed by another wild rice, O. punctata. There was no significant difference in SOS1 expression observed for cultivated rice (IR1-tolerant and IR29-sensitive) under both 0 and 24 h salinity exposure. Our findings suggest that salt-tolerant cultivated rice relies on the cytosolic Na+ exclusion mechanism to deal with salt stress to a greater extent than wild rice, but its operation seems to be regulated at a post-translational rather than transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Shahzad
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University; Foshan 528000, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Celymar Angela Solis
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - David Page
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University; Foshan 528000, China
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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11
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Shahzad B, Yun P, Shabala L, Zhou M, Sellamuthu G, Venkataraman G, Chen ZH, Shabala S. Unravelling the physiological basis of salinity stress tolerance in cultivated and wild rice species. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:351-364. [PMID: 35189073 DOI: 10.1071/fp21336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wild rice species provide a rich source of genetic diversity for possible introgression of salinity stress tolerance in cultivated rice. We investigated the physiological basis of salinity stress tolerance in Oryza species by using six rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.) and four wild rice species. Three weeks of salinity treatment significantly (P <0.05) reduced physiological and growth indices of all cultivated and wild rice lines. However, the impact of salinity-induced growth reduction differed substantially among accessions. Salt tolerant accessions showed better control over gas exchange properties, exhibited higher tissue tolerance, and retained higher potassium ion content despite higher sodium ion accumulation in leaves. Wild rice species showed relatively lower and steadier xylem sap sodium ion content over the period of 3weeks analysed, suggesting better control over ionic sodium xylem loading and its delivery to shoots with efficient vacuolar sodium ion sequestration. Contrary to this, saline sensitive genotypes managed to avoid initial Na+ loading but failed to accomplish this in the long term and showed higher sap sodium ion content. Conclusively, our results suggest that wild rice genotypes have more efficient control over xylem sodium ion loading, rely on tissue tolerance mechanisms and allow for a rapid osmotic adjustment by using sodium ions as cheap osmoticum for osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Shahzad
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - Ping Yun
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600113, India; and Forest Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia; and International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
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12
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Ishikawa T, Shabala L, Zhou M, Venkataraman G, Yu M, Sellamuthu G, Chen ZH, Shabala S. Comparative Analysis of Root Na+ Relation under Salinity between Oryza sativa and Oryza coarctata. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050656. [PMID: 35270125 PMCID: PMC8912616 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Na+ toxicity is one of the major physiological constraints imposed by salinity on plant performance. At the same time, Na+ uptake may be beneficial under some circumstances as an easily accessible inorganic ion that can be used for increasing solute concentrations and maintaining cell turgor. Two rice species, Oryza sativa (cultivated rice, salt-sensitive) and Oryza coarctata (wild rice, salt-tolerant), demonstrated different strategies in controlling Na+ uptake. Glasshouse experiments and gene expression analysis suggested that salt-treated wild rice quickly increased xylem Na+ loading for osmotic adjustment but maintained a non-toxic level of stable shoot Na+ concentration by increased activity of a high affinity K+ transporter HKT1;5 (essential for xylem Na+ unloading) and a Na+/H+ exchanger NHX (for sequestering Na+ and K+ into root vacuoles). Cultivated rice prevented Na+ uptake and transport to the shoot at the beginning of salt treatment but failed to maintain it in the long term. While electrophysiological assays revealed greater net Na+ uptake upon salt application in cultivated rice, O. sativa plants showed much stronger activation of the root plasma membrane Na+/H+ Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) exchanger. Thus, it appears that wild rice limits passive Na+ entry into root cells while cultivated rice relies heavily on SOS1-mediating Na+ exclusion, with major penalties imposed by the existence of the "futile cycle" at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (T.I.); (L.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (T.I.); (L.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (T.I.); (L.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600113, India; (G.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
| | - Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600113, India; (G.V.); (G.S.)
- Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (T.I.); (L.S.); (M.Z.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
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13
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Solis CA, Yong MT, Zhou M, Venkataraman G, Shabala L, Holford P, Shabala S, Chen ZH. Evolutionary Significance of NHX Family and NHX1 in Salinity Stress Adaptation in the Genus Oryza. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042092. [PMID: 35216206 PMCID: PMC8879705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa), a staple crop for a substantial part of the world’s population, is highly sensitive to soil salinity; however, some wild Oryza relatives can survive in highly saline environments. Sodium/hydrogen antiporter (NHX) family members contribute to Na+ homeostasis in plants and play a major role in conferring salinity tolerance. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of NHX family members using phylogeny, conserved domains, tertiary structures, expression patterns, and physiology of cultivated and wild Oryza species to decipher the role of NHXs in salt tolerance in Oryza. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the NHX family can be classified into three subfamilies directly related to their subcellular localization: endomembrane, plasma membrane, and tonoplast (vacuolar subfamily, vNHX1). Phylogenetic and structural analysis showed that vNHX1s have evolved from streptophyte algae (e.g., Klebsormidium nitens) and are abundant and highly conserved in all major land plant lineages, including Oryza. Moreover, we showed that tissue tolerance is a crucial trait conferring tolerance to salinity in wild rice species. Higher Na+ accumulation and reduced Na+ effluxes in leaf mesophyll were observed in the salt-tolerant wild rice species O. alta, O. latifolia, and O. coarctata. Among the key genes affecting tissue tolerance, expression of NHX1 and SOS1/NHX7 exhibited significant correlation with salt tolerance among the rice species and cultivars. This study provides insights into the evolutionary origin of plant NHXs and their role in tissue tolerance of Oryza species and facilitates the inclusion of this trait during the development of salinity-tolerant rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celymar Angela Solis
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (C.A.S.); (M.-T.Y.); (P.H.)
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (M.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Miing-Tiem Yong
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (C.A.S.); (M.-T.Y.); (P.H.)
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (M.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600113, India;
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (M.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (C.A.S.); (M.-T.Y.); (P.H.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (M.Z.); (L.S.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (Z.-H.C.); Tel.: +61-245-701-934 (Z.-H.C.)
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (C.A.S.); (M.-T.Y.); (P.H.)
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (Z.-H.C.); Tel.: +61-245-701-934 (Z.-H.C.)
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