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Huang Y, Shen W, Fu S. Prioritization of social information processing: Eye gaze elicits earlier vMMN than arrows. Neuropsychologia 2024; 203:108969. [PMID: 39122147 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Numerous research studies have demonstrated that eye gaze and arrows act as cues that automatically guide spatial attention. However, it remains uncertain whether the attention shifts triggered by these two types of stimuli vary in terms of automatic processing mechanisms. In our current investigation, we employed an equal probability paradigm to explore the likenesses and distinctions in the neural mechanisms of automatic processing for eye gaze and arrows in non-attentive conditions, using visual mismatch negative (vMMN) as an indicator of automatic processing. The sample size comprised 17 participants. The results indicated a significant interaction between time duration, stimulus material, and stimulus type. The findings demonstrated that both eye gaze and arrows were processed automatically, triggering an early vMMN, although with temporal variations. The vMMN for eye gaze occurred between 180 and 220 ms, whereas for arrows it ranged from 235 to 275 ms. Moreover, arrow stimuli produced a more pronounced vMMN amplitude. The earlier vMMN response to eye gaze compared with arrows implies the specificity and precedence of social information processing associated with eye gaze over the processing of nonsocial information with arrows. However, arrow could potentially elicit a stronger vMMN because of their heightened salience compared to the background, and the expansion of attention focusing might amplify the vMMN impact. This study offers insights into the similarities and differences in attention processing of social and non-social information under unattended conditions from the perspective of automatic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Huang
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenyi Shen
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shimin Fu
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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2
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Courchesne E, Taluja V, Nazari S, Aamodt CM, Pierce K, Duan K, Stophaeros S, Lopez L, Barnes CC, Troxel J, Campbell K, Wang T, Hoekzema K, Eichler EE, Nani JV, Pontes W, Sanchez SS, Lombardo MV, de Souza JS, Hayashi MAF, Muotri AR. Embryonic origin of two ASD subtypes of social symptom severity: the larger the brain cortical organoid size, the more severe the social symptoms. Mol Autism 2024; 15:22. [PMID: 38790065 PMCID: PMC11127428 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-024-00602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social affective and communication symptoms are central to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet their severity differs across toddlers: Some toddlers with ASD display improving abilities across early ages and develop good social and language skills, while others with "profound" autism have persistently low social, language and cognitive skills and require lifelong care. The biological origins of these opposite ASD social severity subtypes and developmental trajectories are not known. METHODS Because ASD involves early brain overgrowth and excess neurons, we measured size and growth in 4910 embryonic-stage brain cortical organoids (BCOs) from a total of 10 toddlers with ASD and 6 controls (averaging 196 individual BCOs measured/subject). In a 2021 batch, we measured BCOs from 10 ASD and 5 controls. In a 2022 batch, we tested replicability of BCO size and growth effects by generating and measuring an independent batch of BCOs from 6 ASD and 4 control subjects. BCO size was analyzed within the context of our large, one-of-a-kind social symptom, social attention, social brain and social and language psychometric normative datasets ranging from N = 266 to N = 1902 toddlers. BCO growth rates were examined by measuring size changes between 1- and 2-months of organoid development. Neurogenesis markers at 2-months were examined at the cellular level. At the molecular level, we measured activity and expression of Ndel1; Ndel1 is a prime target for cell cycle-activated kinases; known to regulate cell cycle, proliferation, neurogenesis, and growth; and known to be involved in neuropsychiatric conditions. RESULTS At the BCO level, analyses showed BCO size was significantly enlarged by 39% and 41% in ASD in the 2021 and 2022 batches. The larger the embryonic BCO size, the more severe the ASD social symptoms. Correlations between BCO size and social symptoms were r = 0.719 in the 2021 batch and r = 0. 873 in the replication 2022 batch. ASD BCOs grew at an accelerated rate nearly 3 times faster than controls. At the cell level, the two largest ASD BCOs had accelerated neurogenesis. At the molecular level, Ndel1 activity was highly correlated with the growth rate and size of BCOs. Two BCO subtypes were found in ASD toddlers: Those in one subtype had very enlarged BCO size with accelerated rate of growth and neurogenesis; a profound autism clinical phenotype displaying severe social symptoms, reduced social attention, reduced cognitive, very low language and social IQ; and substantially altered growth in specific cortical social, language and sensory regions. Those in a second subtype had milder BCO enlargement and milder social, attention, cognitive, language and cortical differences. LIMITATIONS Larger samples of ASD toddler-derived BCO and clinical phenotypes may reveal additional ASD embryonic subtypes. CONCLUSIONS By embryogenesis, the biological bases of two subtypes of ASD social and brain development-profound autism and mild autism-are already present and measurable and involve dysregulated cell proliferation and accelerated neurogenesis and growth. The larger the embryonic BCO size in ASD, the more severe the toddler's social symptoms and the more reduced the social attention, language ability, and IQ, and the more atypical the growth of social and language brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Courchesne
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Vani Taluja
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sanaz Nazari
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Caitlin M Aamodt
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Karen Pierce
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kuaikuai Duan
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sunny Stophaeros
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Linda Lopez
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Cynthia Carter Barnes
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jaden Troxel
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kathleen Campbell
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission of China, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kendra Hoekzema
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Joao V Nani
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wirla Pontes
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez Sanchez
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael V Lombardo
- Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Janaina S de Souza
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mirian A F Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Archealization Center (ArchC), Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Merchie A, Gomot M. Habituation, Adaptation and Prediction Processes in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Comprehensive Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1110. [PMID: 37509040 PMCID: PMC10377027 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Habituation, the simplest form of learning preserved across species and evolution, is characterized by a response decrease as a stimulus is repeated. This adaptive function has been shown to be altered in some psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or schizophrenia. At the brain level, habituation is characterized by a decrease in neural activity as a stimulation is repeated, referred to as neural adaptation. This phenomenon influences the ability to make predictions and to detect change, two processes altered in some neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. In this comprehensive review, the objectives are to characterize habituation, neural adaptation, and prediction throughout typical development and in neurodevelopmental disorders; and to evaluate their implication in symptomatology, specifically in sensitivity to change or need for sameness. A summary of the different approaches to investigate adaptation will be proposed, in which we report the contribution of animal studies as well as electrophysiological studies in humans to understanding of underlying neuronal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Gomot
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France
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4
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Kovarski K, Charpentier J, Houy‐Durand E, Batty M, Gomot M. Emotional expression visual mismatch negativity in children. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22326. [PMID: 36282743 PMCID: PMC9546429 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Detection of changes in facial emotions is crucial to communicate and to rapidly process threats in the environment. This function develops throughout childhood via modulations of the earliest brain responses, such as the P100 and the N170 recorded using electroencephalography. Automatic brain signatures can be measured through expression-related visual mismatch negativity (vMMN), which reflects the processing of unattended changes. While increasing research has investigated vMMN processing in adults, few studies have been conducted on children. Here, a controlled paradigm previously validated was used to disentangle specific responses to emotional deviants (angry face) from that of neutral deviants. Latencies and amplitudes of P100 and N170 both decrease with age, confirming that sensory and face-specific activity is not yet mature in school-aged children. Automatic change detection-related activity is present in children, with a similar vMMN pattern in response to both emotional and neutral deviant stimuli to what previously observed in adults. However, vMMN processing is delayed in children compared to adults and no emotion-specific response is yet observed, suggesting nonmature automatic detection of salient emotional cues. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating expression-related vMMN in school-aged children, and further investigations are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Kovarski
- UMR 1253 iBrainUniversité de Tours, InsermToursFrance
- Hôpital Fondation RothschildParisFrance
- CNRS (Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR 8002)Université Paris CitéParisFrance
| | | | - Emmanuelle Houy‐Durand
- UMR 1253 iBrainUniversité de Tours, InsermToursFrance
- CHRU de ToursCentre Universitaire de PédopsychiatrieToursFrance
| | | | - Marie Gomot
- UMR 1253 iBrainUniversité de Tours, InsermToursFrance
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5
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Ford TC, Hugrass LE, Jack BN. The Relationship Between Affective Visual Mismatch Negativity and Interpersonal Difficulties Across Autism and Schizotypal Traits. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:846961. [PMID: 35399350 PMCID: PMC8983815 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.846961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory deficits are a feature of autism and schizophrenia, as well as the upper end of their non-clinical spectra. The mismatch negativity (MMN), an index of pre-attentive auditory processing, is particularly sensitive in detecting such deficits; however, little is known about the relationship between the visual MMN (vMMN) to facial emotions and autism and schizophrenia spectrum symptom domains. We probed the vMMN to happy, sad, and neutral faces in 61 healthy adults (18-40 years, 32 female), and evaluated their degree of autism and schizophrenia spectrum traits using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The vMMN to happy faces was significantly larger than the vMMNs to sad and neutral faces. The vMMN to happy faces was associated with interpersonal difficulties as indexed by AQ Communication and Attention to Detail subscales, and SPQ associated with more interpersonal difficulties. These data suggest that pre-attentive processing of positive affect might be more specific to the interpersonal features associated with autism and schizophrenia. These findings add valuable insights into the growing body of literature investigating symptom-specific neurobiological markers of autism and schizophrenia spectrum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talitha C. Ford
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Heath, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laila E. Hugrass
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Heath, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bradley N. Jack
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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6
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Lacroix A, Harquel S, Mermillod M, Vercueil L, Alleysson D, Dutheil F, Kovarski K, Gomot M. The Predictive Role of Low Spatial Frequencies in Automatic Face Processing: A Visual Mismatch Negativity Investigation. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:838454. [PMID: 35360280 PMCID: PMC8963370 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.838454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual processing is thought to function in a coarse-to-fine manner. Low spatial frequencies (LSF), conveying coarse information, would be processed early to generate predictions. These LSF-based predictions would facilitate the further integration of high spatial frequencies (HSF), conveying fine details. The predictive role of LSF might be crucial in automatic face processing, where high performance could be explained by an accurate selection of clues in early processing. In the present study, we used a visual Mismatch Negativity (vMMN) paradigm by presenting an unfiltered face as standard stimulus, and the same face filtered in LSF or HSF as deviant, to investigate the predictive role of LSF vs. HSF during automatic face processing. If LSF are critical for predictions, we hypothesize that LSF deviants would elicit less prediction error (i.e., reduced mismatch responses) than HSF deviants. Results show that both LSF and HSF deviants elicited a mismatch response compared with their equivalent in an equiprobable sequence. However, in line with our hypothesis, LSF deviants evoke significantly reduced mismatch responses compared to HSF deviants, particularly at later stages. The difference in mismatch between HSF and LSF conditions involves posterior areas and right fusiform gyrus. Overall, our findings suggest a predictive role of LSF during automatic face processing and a critical involvement of HSF in the fusiform during the conscious detection of changes in faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Lacroix
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvain Harquel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
- Defitech Chair in Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martial Mermillod
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Vercueil
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, InsermU1216, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - David Alleysson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Klara Kovarski
- Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, I3N, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Marie Gomot
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
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7
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Kovarski K, Charpentier J, Roux S, Batty M, Houy-Durand E, Gomot M. Emotional visual mismatch negativity: a joint investigation of social and non-social dimensions in adults with autism. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:10. [PMID: 33414385 PMCID: PMC7791028 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unusual behaviors and brain activity to socio-emotional stimuli have been reported in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Atypical reactivity to change and intolerance of uncertainty are also present, but little is known on their possible impact on facial expression processing in autism. The visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) is an electrophysiological response automatically elicited by changing events such as deviant emotional faces presented among regular neutral faces. While vMMN has been found altered in ASD in response to low-level changes in simple stimuli, no study has investigated this response to visual social stimuli. Here two deviant expressions were presented, neutral and angry, embedded in a sequence of repetitive neutral stimuli. vMMN peak analyses were performed for latency and amplitude in early and late time windows. The ASD group presented smaller amplitude of the late vMMN to both neutral and emotional deviants compared to the typically developed adults (TD) group, and only the TD group presented a sustained activity related to emotional change (i.e., angry deviant). Source reconstruction of the vMMNs further revealed that any change processing elicited a reduced activity in ASD group compared to TD in the saliency network, while the specific processing emotional change elicited activity in the temporal region and in the insula. This study confirms atypical change processing in ASD and points to a specific difficulty in the processing of emotional changes, potentially playing a crucial role in social interaction deficits. Nevertheless, these results require to be further replicated with a greater sample size and generalized to other emotional expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Kovarski
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France. .,Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, 75006, Paris, France.
| | | | - Sylvie Roux
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Magali Batty
- grid.508721.9Université de Toulouse, CERPPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Houy-Durand
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France ,grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600CHRU de Tours, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, Tours, France
| | - Marie Gomot
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
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8
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Schuetze M, Cho IYK, Vinette S, Rivard KB, Rohr CS, Ten Eycke K, Cozma A, McMorris C, McCrimmon A, Dewey D, Bray SL. Learning with individual-interest outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 38:100668. [PMID: 31174061 PMCID: PMC6969337 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has suggested atypical neural reward responses in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), particularly for social reinforcers. Less is known about neural responses to restricted interests and few studies have investigated response to rewards in a learning context. We investigated neurophysiological differences in reinforcement learning between adolescents with ASD and typically developing (TD) adolescents (27 ASD, 31 TD). FMRI was acquired during a learning task in which participants chose one of two doors to reveal an image outcome. Doors differed in their probability of showing liked and not-liked images, which were individualized for each participant. Participants chose the door paired with liked images, but not the door paired with not-liked images, significantly above chance and choice allocation did not differ between groups. Interestingly, participants with ASD made choices less consistent with their initial door preferences. We found a neural prediction-error response at the time of outcome in the ventromedial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices that did not differ between groups. Together, behavioural and neural findings suggest that learning with individual interest outcomes is not different between individuals with and without ASD, adding to our understanding of motivational aspects of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Schuetze
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Ivy Y K Cho
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sarah Vinette
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada
| | - Keelin B Rivard
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada
| | - Christiane S Rohr
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kayla Ten Eycke
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada
| | - Adelina Cozma
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada
| | - Carly McMorris
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada
| | - Adam McCrimmon
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3D10, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Signe L Bray
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada
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9
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Schulz SE, Stevenson RA. Differentiating between sensory sensitivity and sensory reactivity in relation to restricted interests and repetitive behaviours. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019; 24:121-134. [PMID: 31132855 DOI: 10.1177/1362361319850402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that individuals who exhibit heightened sensitivity also exhibit higher rates and severity of restricted interests and repetitive behaviours. This line of research has been conducted almost exclusively through caregiver reports of sensitivity. Here, a more rigorous psychophysics paradigm was applied to assess sensory sensitivity and relate hypersensitivity to restricted interests and repetitive behaviours. In addition, commonly used questionnaire measures of sensory sensitivity were collected to determine if self-reported measures accurately reflect behavioural measures of sensory sensitivity. In all, 90 typically developing participants completed a visual detection task, a questionnaire measure of sensory processing and a measure of restricted interests and repetitive behaviours. Visual sensitivity, measured both behaviourally and with questionnaires, is positively related to restricted interests and repetitive behaviours. Surprisingly, visual sensitivity as measured behaviourally and through self-report are unrelated. Furthermore, a regression analysis suggests that while restricted interests and repetitive behaviours can be predicted based on both behavioural and self-reported sensitivity, these two predictors account for different portions of the variance in restricted interests and repetitive behaviours. Thus, while these results provide evidence supporting the contribution of sensory sensitivity to restricted interests and repetitive behaviours, these results also indicate that behavioural and questionnaire measures of sensory sensitivity are measuring two distinct constructs. We hypothesize that behavioural measures are measuring sensory sensitivity, while questionnaires measures are in fact measuring sensory reactivity.
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10
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Chien YL, Hsieh MH, Gau SSF. Mismatch Negativity and P3a in Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Behavioral Correlates and Clinical Implications. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 48:1684-1697. [PMID: 29198040 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In a sample of 37 adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 35 typically-developing controls (TDC), we investigated sensory symptoms by clinical measures, and Mismatch Negativity and P3a component at Fz with the frequency and duration oddball paradigms of event-related potentials. Results showed that compared to TDC, ASD participants reported more sensory symptoms, and presented a shorter P3a peak latency in the duration paradigm, which was correlated with more social awareness deficits. In the frequency paradigm, P3a parameters were correlated with sensation avoiding and attention characteristics of ASD. Our findings suggest that sensory abnormality in ASD may extend into adolescence and young adulthood. P3a latency might be a potential neurophysiological marker for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychology, Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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He J, Zheng Y, Fan L, Pan T, Nie Y. Automatic Processing Advantage of Cartoon Face in Internet Gaming Disorder: Evidence From P100, N170, P200, and MMN. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:824. [PMID: 31780973 PMCID: PMC6857088 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) show deficits in face processing due to long-term Internet-game social activities based on cartoon faces in the popular online game "Strike of Kings." However, the abnormal neurocognitive mechanism of face recognition and processing in individuals with IGD has not been systematically explored. This study used event-related potential (ERP) methods and the reversed deviant-standard oddball paradigm to comprehensively compare four ERP components, namely, P100, N170, P200, and mismatch negativity (MMN), induced in the unconscious and automatic processing of realistic and cartoon faces in individuals with IGD. Results showed that, with respect to cartoon faces, individuals with IGD exhibited not only P100, P200 and MMN enhancements but also the absence of the N170 dominance effect in the left hemisphere. Our results also demonstrated that individuals with IGD had the advantages of early automatic perception of cartoon faces and automatic detection of changes in "cartoon" features. This study enhances our understanding of the mechanism of IGD from the neurocognitive perspective and provides candidate electrophysiological indicators for the clinical diagnosis of IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo He
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Nie
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Charpentier J, Kovarski K, Houy-Durand E, Malvy J, Saby A, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Latinus M, Gomot M. Emotional prosodic change detection in autism Spectrum disorder: an electrophysiological investigation in children and adults. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:28. [PMID: 30227832 PMCID: PMC6145332 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by atypical behaviors in social environments and in reaction to changing events. While this dyad of symptoms is at the core of the pathology along with atypical sensory behaviors, most studies have investigated only one dimension. A focus on the sameness dimension has shown that intolerance to change is related to an atypical pre-attentional detection of irregularity. In the present study, we addressed the same process in response to emotional change in order to evaluate the interplay between alterations of change detection and socio-emotional processing in children and adults with autism. Methods Brain responses to neutral and emotional prosodic deviancies (mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a, reflecting change detection and orientation of attention toward change, respectively) were recorded in children and adults with autism and in controls. Comparison of neutral and emotional conditions allowed distinguishing between general deviancy and emotional deviancy effects. Moreover, brain responses to the same neutral and emotional stimuli were recorded when they were not deviants to evaluate the sensory processing of these vocal stimuli. Results In controls, change detection was modulated by prosody: in children, this was characterized by a lateralization of emotional MMN to the right hemisphere, and in adults, by an earlier MMN for emotional deviancy than for neutral deviancy. In ASD, an overall atypical change detection was observed with an earlier MMN and a larger P3a compared to controls suggesting an unusual pre-attentional orientation toward any changes in the auditory environment. Moreover, in children with autism, deviancy detection depicted reduced MMN amplitude. In addition in children with autism, contrary to adults with autism, no modulation of the MMN by prosody was present and sensory processing of both neutral and emotional vocal stimuli appeared atypical. Conclusions Overall, change detection remains altered in people with autism. However, differences between children and adults with ASD evidence a trend toward normalization of vocal processing and of the automatic detection of emotion deviancy with age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Kovarski
- UMR1253, INSERM, Université de Tours, TOURS, France
| | - E Houy-Durand
- UMR1253, INSERM, Université de Tours, TOURS, France.,Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, TOURS, France
| | - J Malvy
- UMR1253, INSERM, Université de Tours, TOURS, France.,Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, TOURS, France
| | - A Saby
- Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, TOURS, France
| | - F Bonnet-Brilhault
- UMR1253, INSERM, Université de Tours, TOURS, France.,Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, TOURS, France
| | - M Latinus
- UMR1253, INSERM, Université de Tours, TOURS, France
| | - M Gomot
- UMR1253, INSERM, Université de Tours, TOURS, France.
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13
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Hudac CM, DesChamps TD, Arnett AB, Cairney BE, Ma R, Webb SJ, Bernier RA. Early enhanced processing and delayed habituation to deviance sounds in autism spectrum disorder. Brain Cogn 2018; 123:110-119. [PMID: 29550506 PMCID: PMC5893357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit difficulties processing and encoding sensory information in daily life. Cognitive response to environmental change in control individuals is naturally dynamic, meaning it habituates or reduces over time as one becomes accustomed to the deviance. The origin of atypical response to deviance in ASD may relate to differences in this dynamic habituation. The current study of 133 children and young adults with and without ASD examined classic electrophysiological responses (MMN and P3a), as well as temporal patterns of habituation (i.e., N1 and P3a change over time) in response to a passive auditory oddball task. Individuals with ASD showed an overall heightened sensitivity to change as exhibited by greater P3a amplitude to novel sounds. Moreover, youth with ASD showed dynamic ERP differences, including slower attenuation of the N1 response to infrequent tones and the P3a response to novel sounds. Dynamic ERP responses were related to parent ratings of auditory sensory-seeking behaviors, but not general cognition. As the first large-scale study to characterize temporal dynamics of auditory ERPs in ASD, our results provide compelling evidence that heightened response to auditory deviance in ASD is largely driven by early sensitivity and prolonged processing of auditory deviance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Hudac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, CHDD Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Trent D DesChamps
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, CHDD Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anne B Arnett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, CHDD Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brianna E Cairney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, CHDD Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ruqian Ma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, CHDD Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sara Jane Webb
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, CHDD Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Disabilities, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 2001 8th Ave #400, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Raphael A Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, CHDD Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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14
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Dzhelyova M, Jacques C, Rossion B. At a Single Glance: Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation Uncovers the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Brief Facial Expression Changes in the Human Brain. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4106-4123. [PMID: 27578496 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting brief changes of facial expression is vital for social communication. Yet, how reliably, how fast these changes are detected and how long they are processed in the human brain remain unknown. High-density electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in 18 participants presented with a neutral-expression face at a rate of 5.88 Hz (F) for 80 s. Every five faces, the face changed expression to fear, disgust or happiness (different stimulation sequences). The resulting 1.18 Hz (F/5) EEG response and its harmonics objectively indexed detection of a brief change of facial expression. This response was recorded in every participant in a few minutes but was largely reduced for inverted faces, indicating that it reflects high-level processes. Although this response focused on occipito-temporal sites, different expression changes evoked reliably distinct topographical maps, pointing to partly distinct neural generators. These effects were also observed at a faster 12 Hz frequency rate and a lower ratio of expression change (1/9). Time-domain analysis showed that a brief change of expression inserted in a dynamic stimulation sequence elicits specific occipito-temporal responses between 100 and 310 ms, indicating a rapid change detection process followed by a long integration period of facial expression information in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Dzhelyova
- Institute of Research in Psychological Science, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 10 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Corentin Jacques
- Institute of Research in Psychological Science, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 10 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bruno Rossion
- Institute of Research in Psychological Science, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 10 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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15
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Bonnet-Brilhault F, Tuller L, Prévost P, Malvy J, Zebib R, Ferré S, Dos Santos C, Roux S, Houy-Durand E, Magné R, Mofid Y, Latinus M, Wardak C, Aguillon-Hernandez N, Batty M, Gomot M. A strategic plan to identify key neurophysiological mechanisms and brain circuits in autism. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 89:69-72. [PMID: 29128349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) cover a large variety of clinical profiles which share two main dimensions: social and communication impairment and repetitive behaviors or restricted interests, which are present during childhood. There is now no doubt that genetic factors are a major component in the etiology of autism but precise physiopathological pathways are still being investigated. Furthermore, developmental trajectories combined with compensatory mechanisms will lead to various clinical and neurophysiological profiles which together constitute this Autism Spectrum Disorder. To better understand the pathophysiology of autism, comprehension of key neurophysiological mechanisms and brain circuits underlying the different bioclinical profiles is thus crucial. To achieve this goal we propose a strategy which investigates different levels of information processing from sensory perception to complex cognitive processing, taking into account the complexity of the stimulus and whether it is social or non-social in nature. In order to identify different developmental trajectories and to take into account compensatory mechanisms, we further propose that such protocols should be carried out in individuals from childhood to adulthood representing a wide variety of clinical forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Bonnet-Brilhault
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
| | - Laurice Tuller
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Philippe Prévost
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Joëlle Malvy
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Rasha Zebib
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Sandrine Ferré
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Christophe Dos Santos
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Sylvie Roux
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Emmanuelle Houy-Durand
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Rémy Magné
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Yassine Mofid
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Marianne Latinus
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Claire Wardak
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Nadia Aguillon-Hernandez
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Magali Batty
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - Marie Gomot
- UMR INSERM U930, Team Autism, "Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie", CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
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16
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Wang S, Yang C, Liu Y, Shao Z, Jackson T. Early and late stage processing abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders: An ERP study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178542. [PMID: 28542618 PMCID: PMC5443563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This research assessed event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited during the processing of different kinds of visual stimuli among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (n = 15) and typically developing (TD) children (n = 19). Within a simple visual oddball paradigm, participating children passively viewed fruit and vegetable images that were used as standard stimuli in addition to images of these foods with their usual colors modified to create novel stimuli and cartoon depictions of these images (i.e., “deviant” stimuli). Analyses revealed significant main effect differences between the groups for P100, N100 and P300 components; ASD group children showing longer P100 latencies, weaker N100 amplitudes and larger P300 amplitudes than did the TD group. A Group x Hemisphere interaction also emerged for N400 amplitudes but differences were not significant in simple-effects analyses. Together these results suggested children with ASD may be characterized by lower attention resource allocation and engagement during early stages of processing visual stimuli. However, ERPs in later processing stages suggested children with ASD and TD children have similar neural responses in attending to visual images as stimulus presentations continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunjuan Yang
- Rehabilitation Center for Children With Autism, Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Shao
- Rehabilitation Center for Children With Autism, Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Todd Jackson
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Bonnet-Brilhault F. [Autism: An early neurodevelopmental disorder]. Arch Pediatr 2017; 24:384-390. [PMID: 28256376 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With approximately 67 million individuals affected worldwide, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the fastest growing neurodevelopmental disorder (United Nations, 2011), with a prevalence estimated to be 1/100. In France ASD affects approximately 600,000 individuals (from childhood to adulthood, half of whom are also mentally retarded), who thus have a major handicap in communication and in adapting to daily life, which leads autism to be recognized as a national public health priority. ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects several domains (i.e., socio-emotional, language, sensori-motor, executive functioning). These disorders are expressed early in life with an age of onset around 18 months. Despite evidence suggesting a strong genetic link with ASD, the genetic determinant remains unclear. The clinical picture is characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and the presence of restrictive and repetitive behaviors (DSM-5, ICD-10). However, in addition to these two main dimensions there is significant comorbidity between ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or with genetic and medical conditions. One of the diagnostic features of ASD is its early emergence: symptoms must begin in early childhood for a diagnosis to be given. Due to brain plasticity, early interventions are essential to facilitate clinical improvement. Therefore, general practitioners and pediatricians are on the front line to detect early signs of ASD and to guide both medical explorations and early rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bonnet-Brilhault
- UMR Inserm U930, équipe autisme, centre universitaire de pédopsychiatrie, hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 09, France.
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18
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Greer JMH, Hamilton C, McMullon MEG, Riby DM, Riby LM. An event related potential study of ihibitory and attentional control in Williams syndrome adults. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170180. [PMID: 28187205 PMCID: PMC5302371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of the current study was to employ event-related potentials (ERPs) methodology to disentangle the mechanisms related to inhibitory control in older adults with Williams syndrome (WS). Eleven older adults with WS (mean age 42), 16 typically developing adults (mean age 42) and 13 typically developing children (mean age 12) participated in the study. ERPs were recorded during a three-stimulus visual oddball task, during which participants were required to make a response to a rare target stimulus embedded in a train of frequent non-target stimuli. A task-irrelevant infrequent stimulus was also present at randomised intervals during the session. The P3a latency data response related to task-irrelevant stimulus processing was delayed in WS. In addition, the early perceptual N2 amplitude was attenuated. These data are indicative of compromised early monitoring of perceptual input, accompanied by appropriate orientation of responses to task-irrelevant stimuli. However, the P3a delay suggests inefficient evaluation of the task-irrelevant stimuli. These data are discussed in terms of deficits in the disengagement of attentional processes, and the regulation of monitoring processes required for successful inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M. H. Greer
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mhairi E. G. McMullon
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah M. Riby
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh M. Riby
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
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19
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Cui T, Wang PP, Liu S, Zhang X. P300 amplitude and latency in autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:177-190. [PMID: 27299750 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-016-0880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an early onset neurodevelopmental disorder. Evidence suggests that ASD patients have abnormalities in information processing. Event-related potential (ERP) technique can directly record brain neural activity in real time. P300 is a positive ERP component which can measure the neuroelectrophysiological characteristics of human beings and has the potential to discover the pathological mechanism of ASD. However, P300 studies on ASD patients are incongruent and the disparities may be caused by several factors. By searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases, a meta-analysis of P300 component difference between ASD group and typically developed (TD) control group was conducted. Results of amplitude and latency of P3b and P3a from included studies were synthesized. Random effect model was chosen and standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated. Subgroup analysis was used to identify the source of heterogeneity and to test the effect of different experiment factors. A total of 407 ASD patients and 457 TD controls from 32 studies were included in this analysis. Reduced amplitude of P3b was found in ASD group (SMD = -0.505, 95 % CI -0.873, -0.138) compared with TD group, but no difference of P3b latency, P3a amplitude, or P3a latency was found between groups. Subgroup analysis showed that oddball paradigm elicited attenuated P3b amplitude in Pz electrode among ASD subjects. This meta-analysis suggests ASD patients have abnormalities in P300 component, which may represent for deficits in cognition, attention orientation and working memory processing, particularly in the decision-making processing condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingkai Cui
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Peizhong Peter Wang
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Shengxin Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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20
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Kremláček J, Kreegipuu K, Tales A, Astikainen P, Põldver N, Näätänen R, Stefanics G. Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN): A review and meta-analysis of studies in psychiatric and neurological disorders. Cortex 2016; 80:76-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Schauder KB, Bennetto L. Toward an Interdisciplinary Understanding of Sensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Integration of the Neural and Symptom Literatures. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:268. [PMID: 27378838 PMCID: PMC4911400 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing differences have long been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and they have recently been added to the diagnostic criteria for the disorder. The focus on sensory processing in ASD research has increased substantially in the last decade. This research has been approached from two different perspectives: the first focuses on characterizing the symptoms that manifest in response to real world sensory stimulation, and the second focuses on the neural pathways and mechanisms underlying sensory processing. The purpose of this paper is to integrate the empirical literature on sensory processing in ASD from the last decade, including both studies characterizing sensory symptoms and those that investigate neural response to sensory stimuli. We begin with a discussion of definitions to clarify some of the inconsistencies in terminology that currently exist in the field. Next, the sensory symptoms literature is reviewed with a particular focus on developmental considerations and the relationship of sensory symptoms to other core features of the disorder. Then, the neuroscience literature is reviewed with a focus on methodological approaches and specific sensory modalities. Currently, these sensory symptoms and neuroscience perspectives are largely developing independently from each other leading to multiple, but separate, theories and methods, thus creating a multidisciplinary approach to sensory processing in ASD. In order to progress our understanding of sensory processing in ASD, it is now critical to integrate these two research perspectives and move toward an interdisciplinary approach. This will inevitably aid in a better understanding of the underlying biological basis of these symptoms and help realize the translational value through its application to early identification and treatment. The review ends with specific recommendations for future research to help bridge these two research perspectives in order to advance our understanding of sensory processing in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly B. Schauder
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of RochesterRochester, NY, USA
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22
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Yang L, Faraone SV, Zhang-James Y. Autism spectrum disorder traits in Slc9a9 knock-out mice. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:363-76. [PMID: 26755066 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders which begin in childhood and persist into adulthood. They cause lifelong impairments and are associated with substantial burdens to patients, families, and society. Genetic studies have implicated the sodium/proton exchanger (NHE) nine gene, Slc9a9, to ASDs and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Slc9a9 encodes, NHE9, a membrane protein of the late recycling endosomes. The recycling endosome plays an important role in synapse development and plasticity by regulating the trafficking of membrane neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. Here we tested the hypothesis that Slc9a9 knock-out (KO) mice would show ADHD-like and ASD-like traits. Ultrasonic vocalization (USV) recording showed that Slc9a9 KO mice emitted fewer calls and had shorter call durations, which suggest communication impairment. Slc9a9 KO mice lacked a preference for social novelty, but did not show deficits in social approach; Slc9a9 KO mice spent more time self-grooming, an indicator for restricted and repetitive behavior. We did not observe hyperactivity or other behavior impairments which are commonly comorbid with ASDs in human, such as anxiety-like behavior. Our study is the first animal behavior study that links Slc9a9 to ASDs. By eliminatingNHE9 activity, it provides strong evidence that lack of Slc9a9leads to ASD-like behaviors in mice and provides the field with a new mouse model of ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Departments of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yanli Zhang-James
- Departments of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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23
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Stefanics G, Kremláček J, Czigler I. Visual mismatch negativity: a predictive coding view. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:666. [PMID: 25278859 PMCID: PMC4165279 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies investigate the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) or use the vMMN as a tool to probe various aspects of human cognition. This paper reviews the theoretical underpinnings of vMMN in the light of methodological considerations and provides recommendations for measuring and interpreting the vMMN. The following key issues are discussed from the experimentalist's point of view in a predictive coding framework: (1) experimental protocols and procedures to control "refractoriness" effects; (2) methods to control attention; (3) vMMN and veridical perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Stefanics
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of ZurichETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Kremláček
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in PragueHradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - István Czigler
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary
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24
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Kylliäinen A, Jones EJH, Gomot M, Warreyn P, Falck-Ytter T. Practical Guidelines for Studying Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Psychophysiological Experiments. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-014-0034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Sensory Stimuli as Obstacles to Emergency Care for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Adv Emerg Nurs J 2014; 36:145-63. [DOI: 10.1097/tme.0000000000000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Cleary KM, Donkers FCL, Evans AM, Belger A. Investigating developmental changes in sensory processing: visual mismatch response in healthy children. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:922. [PMID: 24416010 PMCID: PMC3874540 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect small changes in one's visual environment is important for effective adaptation to and interaction with a wide variety of external stimuli. Much research has studied the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN), or the brain's automatic response to rare changes in a series of repetitive auditory stimuli. But recent studies indicate that a visual homolog to this component of the event-related potential (ERP) can also be measured. While most visual mismatch response (vMMR) studies have focused on adult populations, few studies have investigated this response in healthy children, and little is known about the developmental nature of this phenomenon. We recorded EEG data in 22 healthy children (ages 8-12) and 20 healthy adults (ages 18-42). Participants were presented with two types of task irrelevant background images of black and gray gratings while performing a visual target detection task. Spatial frequency of the background gratings was varied with 85% of the gratings being of high spatial frequency (HSF; i.e., standard background stimulus) and 15% of the images being of low spatial frequency (LSF; i.e., deviant background stimulus). Results in the adult group showed a robust mismatch response to deviant (non-target) background stimuli at around 150 ms post-stimulus at occipital electrode locations. In the children, two negativities around 150 and 230 ms post-stimulus at occipital electrode locations and a positivity around 250 ms post-stimulus at fronto-central electrode locations were observed. In addition, larger amplitudes of P1 and longer latencies of P1 and N1 to deviant background stimuli were observed in children vs. adults. These results suggest that processing of deviant stimuli presented outside the focus of attention in 8-12-year-old children differs from those in adults, and are in agreement with previous research. They also suggest that the vMMR may change across the lifespan in accordance with other components of the visual ERP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Cleary
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Franc C L Donkers
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA ; Department of Psychology, Tilburg University Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Anna M Evans
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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27
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Giard MH, Besle J, Aguera PE, Gomot M, Bertrand O. Scalp current density mapping in the analysis of mismatch negativity paradigms. Brain Topogr 2013; 27:428-37. [PMID: 24166202 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-013-0324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MMN oddball paradigms are frequently used to assess auditory (dys)functions in clinical populations, or the influence of various factors (such as drugs and alcohol) on auditory processing. A widely used procedure is to compare the MMN responses between two groups of subjects (e.g. patients vs controls), or between experimental conditions in the same group. To correctly interpret these comparisons, it is important to take into account the multiple brain generators that produce the MMN response. To disentangle the different components of the MMN, we describe the advantages of scalp current density (SCD)-or surface Laplacian-computation for ERP analysis. We provide a short conceptual and mathematical description of SCDs, describe their properties, and illustrate with examples from published studies how they can benefit MMN analysis. We conclude with practical tips on how to correctly use and interpret SCDs in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Giard
- Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, CRNL, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France,
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28
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Kremláček J, Kuba M, Kubová Z, Langrová J, Szanyi J, Vít F, Bednář M. Visual mismatch negativity in the dorsal stream is independent of concurrent visual task difficulty. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:411. [PMID: 23908621 PMCID: PMC3726860 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The manipulation of attention can produce mismatch negativity-like components that are not necessarily connected to the unintentional sensory registration of the violation of probability-based regularity. For clinical purposes, attentional bias should be quantified because it can vary substantially among subjects and can decrease the specificity of the examination. This experiment targets the role of attention in the generation of visual mismatch negativity (vMMN). The visual regularity was generated by a sequence of two radial motions while subjects focused on visual tasks in the central part of the display. Attentional load was systematically varied and had three levels, no-load, easy, and difficult. Rare, deviant, and frequent standard motions were presented with a 10/60 ratio in oddball sequences. Data from 12 subjects was recorded from 64 channels and processed. vMMN was identified within the interval of 142-198 ms. The mean amplitude was evaluated during the aforementioned interval in the parietal and fronto-central regions. A general linear model for repeated measures was applied to the mean amplitude with a three-factor design and showed a significant difference [F (1, 11) = 17.40, p = 0.002] between standard and deviant stimuli and between regions [F (1, 11) = 8.40, p = 0.01]; however, no significant effect of the task [F (2, 22) = 1.26, p = 0.30] was observed. The unintentional detection of irregularity during the processing of the visual motion was independent of the attentional load associated with handling the central visual task. The experiment did not demonstrate an effect of attentional load manipulation on mismatch negativity (MMN) induced by the motion-sequence, which supports the clinical utility of this examination. However, used stimulation paradigm should be further optimized to generate mismatch negativity that is stable enough to be usable not only for group comparisons but also for a single subject assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kremláček
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in PragueHradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kuba
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in PragueHradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kubová
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in PragueHradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Langrová
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in PragueHradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Szanyi
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in PragueHradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - František Vít
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in PragueHradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Bednář
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in PragueHradec Králové, Czech Republic
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29
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Kapp SK. Empathizing with sensory and movement differences: moving toward sensitive understanding of autism. Front Integr Neurosci 2013; 7:38. [PMID: 23745107 PMCID: PMC3662878 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven K. Kapp
- Human Development and Psychology Division, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
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30
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Cléry H, Roux S, Houy-Durand E, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Bruneau N, Gomot M. Electrophysiological evidence of atypical visual change detection in adults with autism. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:62. [PMID: 23507615 PMCID: PMC3589704 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although atypical change detection processes have been highlighted in the auditory modality in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), little is known about these processes in the visual modality. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate visual change detection in adults with ASD, taking into account the salience of change, in order to determine whether this ability is affected in this disorder. Thirteen adults with ASD and 13 controls were presented with a passive visual three stimuli oddball paradigm. The findings revealed atypical visual change processing in ASD. Whereas controls displayed a vMMN in response to deviant and a novelty P3 in response to novel stimuli, patients with ASD displayed a novelty P3 in response to both deviant and novel stimuli. These results thus suggested atypical orientation of attention toward unattended minor changes in ASD that might contribute to the intolerance of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cléry
- UMR 930 Imagerie et Cerveau, Inserm, Université François Rabelais de Tours CHRU de Tours, France
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