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Alí Diez I, Fàbrega-Camps G, Parra-Tíjaro J, Marco-Pallarés J. Anticipatory and consummatory neural correlates of monetary and music rewarding stimuli. Brain Cogn 2024; 179:106186. [PMID: 38843763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Most of the literature on the neural bases of human reward and punishment processing has used monetary gains and losses, but less is known about the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the anticipation and consumption of other types of rewarding stimuli. In the present study, EEG was recorded from 19 participants who completed a modified version of the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task. During the task, cues providing information about potential future outcomes were presented to the participants. Then, they had to respond rapidly to a target stimulus to win money or listening to pleasant music, or to avoid losing money or listening to unpleasant music. Results revealed similar responses for monetary and music cues, with increased activity for cues indicating potential gains compared to losses. However, differences emerged in the outcome phase between money and music. Monetary outcomes showed an interaction between the type of the cue and the outcome in the Feedback Related Negativity and Fb-P3 ERPs and increased theta activity increased for negative feedbacks. In contrast, music outcomes showed significant interactions in the Fb-P3 and theta activities. These findings suggest similar neurophysiological mechanisms in processing cues for potential positive or negative outcomes in these two types of stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo Alí Diez
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Department of Psychology, University of La Frontera, Chile
| | - Gemma Fàbrega-Camps
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain
| | - Jeison Parra-Tíjaro
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain
| | - Josep Marco-Pallarés
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain.
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2
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Dou K, Ye WY. The Ending Effect in the Domain of Gambling: The Effect of Gain-Loss Status on Economic Decision-Making. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10298-3. [PMID: 38592613 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that people prefer risk-taking at the end of gambles, a phenomenon called the ending effect. By using the Guess Gambling Game, we investigated the impact of gain-loss status on the ending effect (Experiment 1) and whether and how this effect may be affected by time reference (Experiment 2) and gender (Experiment 1&2). In Experiment 1, we observed the ending effect only in the gain group. Furthermore, gender differences exist in the loss group behavior, females were more risk-averse than males, and males tend to investment more initially and then reduce their investment in a U-shaped pattern (Experiment 1&2). Next, in Experiment 2, the findings indicated that participants in the gain group made riskier decisions and were willing to allocate more money for additional decision opportunities, irrespective of the time conditions. Additionally, under time-limited condition, participants tended to make more decisions in the final round, aiming to maximize their choices times within the limited time. These results contribute to a better understanding of the boundary conditions surrounding the ending effect in risky decision-making and may offer a scientific basis for mitigating and intervening in irrational decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dou
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 230, Waihuan Road West, Panyu District, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Wan-Yu Ye
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 230, Waihuan Road West, Panyu District, Guangzhou, PR China
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3
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Rong Y, Hu L, Müller HJ, Wei P. Comparing monetary gain and loss in the monetary incentive delay task: EEG evidence. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14383. [PMID: 37427496 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
What is more effective to guide behavior: The desire to gain or the fear to lose? Electroencephalography (EEG) studies have yielded inconsistent answers. In a systematic exploration of the valence and magnitude parameters in monetary gain and loss processing, we used time-domain and time-frequency-domain analyses to uncover the underlying neural processes. A group of 24 participants performed a monetary incentive delay (MID) task in which cue-induced anticipation of a high or low magnitude of gain or loss was manipulated trial-wise. Behaviorally, the anticipation of both gain and loss expedited responses, with gain anticipation producing greater facilitation than loss anticipation. Analyses of cue-locked P2 and P3 components revealed the significant valence main effect and valence × magnitude interaction: amplitude differences between high and low incentive magnitudes were larger with gain vs. loss cues. However, the contingent negative variation component was sensitive to incentive magnitude but did not vary with incentive valence. In the feedback phase, the RewP component exhibited reversed patterns for gain and loss trials. Time-frequency analyses revealed a large increase in delta/theta-ERS oscillatory activity in high- vs. low-magnitude conditions and a large decrease of alpha-ERD oscillatory activity in gain vs. loss conditions in the anticipation stage. In the consumption stage, delta/theta-ERS turned out stronger for negative than positive feedback, especially in the gain condition. Overall, our study provides new evidence for the neural oscillatory features of monetary gain and loss processing in the MID task, suggesting that participants invested more attention under gain and high-magnitude conditions vs. loss and low-magnitude conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yachao Rong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hermann J Müller
- General & Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ping Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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Sun Y, Huang Z, Gao X, Chen L, Wang J, Zhou Z, Zhou H. Neural Correlates of Anhedonia in Major Depressive Disorder: Insights from Concurrent Analysis of Feedback-Related Negativity and Stimulus-Preceding Negativity. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2549-2560. [PMID: 38029043 PMCID: PMC10680481 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s435017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Anhedonia, a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), is explored in this study, focusing on the neural underpinnings through the examination of two event-related potential (ERP) components: feedback-related negativity (FRN) and stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN). Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in China from March 2022 to March 2023. It involved 35 MDD patients and 31 healthy controls (HC) participating in a modified 2-door task with simultaneous EEG recordings. Depression severity and anhedonia were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS-CV), respectively. FRN and SPN metrics, along with correlations with each other and clinical assessments, were examined. Results In comparison to the HC group, the MDD group exhibited significantly lower scores in TEPS-CV (t = 2.854, p = 0.006) and its subscales (t = -3.596, p = 0.001 and t = 2.434, p = 0.018, respectively), along with consistently reduced amplitudes of FRN (F 1.64= 4.726, p = 0.033) and SPN (F 1.64= 4.195, p = 0.045) across all conditions. Limited correlations were observed between ERP metrics and clinical indicators, except for positive correlations between FRN amplitudes (loss minus win) and HAMD scores (r = 0.392, p = 0.020), and SPN amplitudes after losing (SPN-L) and TEPS-CV consumption subscale scores (r = 0.357, p = 0.035). Notably, while the HC group displayed no significant FRN-SPN correlations, the MDD group exhibited positive FRN-SPN correlations under distinct conditions (r = 0.376, p = 0.026 and r = 0.355, p = 0.037, respectively). Conclusion Our data reveal subjective and objective anhedonia in both consumption and anticipation, suggesting a shared impairment in reward feedback processing and anticipatory neural mechanisms in individuals with MDD. These findings deepen our understanding of anhedonia's neural foundations and may guide targeted interventions for this core symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Huang
- Department of Music and Wellbeing, School of Music, University of Leeds, Leeds City, UK
| | - Xuezheng Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
| | - Limin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhe Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi City, 214151, People’s Republic of China
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Guo Y, Huang X, Li Z, Li W, Shi B, Cui Y, Zhu C, Zhang L, Wang A, Wang K, Yu F. Aberrant reward dynamics in depression with anticipatory anhedonia. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 154:34-42. [PMID: 37541075 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that anticipatory anhedonia is linked to abnormal reward processing. The present study aimed to explore the underlying neural mechanism of the influence of anticipatory anhedonia symptoms on reward processing. METHODS Electrophysiological activities in the anticipatory and consummatory phase were recorded during the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task in 24 depressed high anticipatory anhedonia (HAA) patients, 25 depressed low anticipatory anhedonia (LAA) patients, and 29 healthy controls (HC). RESULTS We suggested a significant condition × group interaction effect on feedback-related negativity (FRN) amplitudes during the consummatory phase, a smaller FRN in reward cue trails compared with neutral cue trail was revealed in the HC and LAA group, but such reward-related effect was not found in the HAA group. In addition, we found significant correlations between FRN, fb-P3 and cue-N1, cue-N2 in the HC group, besides, significant correlations between FRN, fb-P3 and cue-P2 was also revealed in the HC and LAA group. However, no significant correlation was found in HAA patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the link between the anticipatory and consummatory phase was interrupted in depressed HAA patients, which may be driven by the aberrant consummatory reward processing. SIGNIFICANCE The current study is the first one to demonstrate the influence of anticipatory anhedonia symptom on the association between anticipatory and consummatory phase of reward process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Guo
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ziying Li
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Shi
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanan Cui
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Anzhen Wang
- Psychiatry Department of Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Fengqiong Yu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.
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6
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Zheng Y, Shi P, Deng L, Jiang H, Zhou S. Contextual valence influences the neural dynamics of time and magnitude representation during feedback evaluation. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14335. [PMID: 37194930 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contextual valence is an important dimension during value-based decision-making. Previous research has revealed behavioral and neural asymmetries between the gain context and the loss context. The present event-related potential study investigated the effects of contextual valence on neural dynamics underlying magnitude and time, two important reward dimensions, during feedback evaluation. Forty-two participants performed a simple guessing task in which they experienced both a gain context wherein high or low rewards were delivered immediately or six months later, and a loss context wherein high or low losses were delivered in the same way. Results showed that in the gain context, time and magnitude information were processed in a parallel way during the time windows of the reward positivity (RewP) and the P3. In the loss context, however, time and magnitude information were processed in a serial way such that time information was encoded during the RewP and P3 periods, whereas magnitude information was not tracked until the time window of the late positive potential. Our findings suggest that the neural dynamics underlying time and magnitude information are distinct between the gain and loss contexts, thus providing a novel perspective for the well-known gain-loss asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Puyu Shi
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Leyou Deng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huiping Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shiyu Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Sun Y, Kang P, Huang L, Wang H, Ku Y. Reward advantage over punishment for incentivizing visual working memory. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14300. [PMID: 36966450 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The prospects of gaining reward and avoiding punishment widely influence human behavior. Despite of numerous attempts to investigate the influence of motivational signals on working memory (WM), whether the valence and the magnitude of motivational signals interactively influence WM performance remains unclear. To investigate this, the present study used a free-recall working memory task with EEG recording to compare the effect of incentive valence (reward or punishment), as well as the magnitude of incentives on visual WM. Behavioral results revealed that the presence of incentive signals improved WM precision when compared with no-incentive condition, and compared with punishing cues, rewarding cues led to greater facilitation in WM precision, as well as confidence ratings afterward. Moreover, event related potential (ERP) results suggested that compared with punishment, reward led to an earlier latency of late positive component (LPC), a larger amplitude of contingent negative variation (CNV) during the expectation period, and a larger P300 amplitude during the sample and delay periods. Furthermore, reward advantage over punishment in behavioral and neural results were correlated, such that individuals with larger CNV difference between reward and punishment conditions also report greater distinction in confidence ratings between the two conditions. In sum, our results demonstrate what and how rewarding cues cause more beneficial effects than punishing cues when incentivizing visual WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Center for Brain and Mental Well-Being, Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pyungwon Kang
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leyu Huang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Ku
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Center for Brain and Mental Well-Being, Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Naghel S, Vallesi A, Sabouri Moghadam H, Nazari MA. Neural Differences in Relation to Risk Preferences during Reward Processing: An Event-Related Potential Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1235. [PMID: 37759836 PMCID: PMC10527558 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual variability in risk preferences can be reflected in reward processing differences, making people risk-seekers or risk-averse. However, the neural correlates of reward processing in individuals with risk preferences remain unknown. Consequently, this event-related potential (ERP) study examined and compared electrophysiological correlates associated with different stages of reward processing in risk-seeking and risk-averse groups. Individuals scoring in the bottom and top 20% on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) were deemed risk-averse and risk-seeking, respectively. Participants engaged in a gambling task while their electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Risk-seekers tended to choose high-risk options significantly more frequently than low-risk options, whereas risk-averse individuals chose low-risk options significantly more frequently than high-risk ones. All participants selected the low-risk alternative more slowly than the high-risk option. During the anticipation stage, the low-risk option elicited a relatively attenuated stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) response from risk-seekers compared to risk-averse participants. During the outcome stage, feedback-related negativity (FRN) increased in risk-seekers responding to greater losses but not in risk-averse participants. These results indicate that ERP components can detect differences in reward processing during risky situations. In addition, these results suggest that motivation and cognitive control, along with their associated neural processes, may play a central role in differences in reward-based behavior between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Naghel
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; (S.N.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Antonino Vallesi
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Hassan Sabouri Moghadam
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; (S.N.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Mohammad Ali Nazari
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
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9
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Deng L, Li Q, Zhang M, Shi P, Zheng Y. Distinct neural dynamics underlying risk and ambiguity during valued-based decision making. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14201. [PMID: 36371697 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Uncertainty can be fractioned into risk and ambiguity psychologically and neurobiologically. However, whether and how risk and ambiguity are dissociated in terms of neural dynamics during value-based decision making remain elusive. The present event-related potential (ERP) study addressed these issues by asking participants to perform a wheel-of-fortune task either during a risky context (Experiment 1; N = 30) where outcome probability was known or during an ambiguous context (Experiment 2; N = 30) where outcome probability was unknown. Results revealed that the cue-P3 was more enhanced for risk versus ambiguity during the anticipatory phase, whereas the RewP was more increased for ambiguity than risk during the consummatory phase. Moreover, the SPN and the fb-P3 components were further modulated by the levels of risk and ambiguity, respectively. These findings demonstrate a neural dissociation between risk and ambiguity, which unfolds from the anticipatory phase to the consummatory phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyou Deng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mang Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Puyu Shi
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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10
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Stewardson H, Sambrook TD. Valence precedes value in neural encoding of prediction error. Psychophysiology 2023:e14266. [PMID: 36779448 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Event-related potentials that follow feedback in reinforcement learning tasks have been proposed to reflect neural encoding of prediction errors. Prior research has shown that in the interval of 240-340 ms multiple different prediction error encodings appear to co-occur, including a value signal carrying signed quantitative prediction error and a valence signal merely carrying sign. The effects used to identify these two encoders, respectively a sign main effect and a sign × size interaction, do not reliably discriminate them. A full discrimination is made possible by comparing tasks in which the reinforcer available on a given trial is set to be either appetitive or aversive against tasks where a trial allows the possibility of either. This study presents a meta-analysis of reinforcement learning experiments, the majority of which presented the possibility of winning or losing money. Value and valence encodings were identified by conventional difference wave methodology but additionally by an analysis of their predicted behavior using a Bayesian analysis that incorporated nulls into the evidence for each encoder. The results suggest that a valence encoding, sensitive only to the available outcomes on the trial at hand precedes a later value encoding sensitive to the outcomes available in the wider experimental context. The implications of this for modeling computational processes of reinforcement learning in humans are discussed.
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11
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Neurophysiological examination of the Affectâ¿¿Integrationâ¿¿Motivation framework of decision-making in the aging brain: A registered report. Neuroimage 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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12
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Cao S, Liu X, Wu H. The neural mechanisms underlying effort process modulated by efficacy. Neuropsychologia 2022; 173:108314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Developmental differences in processing the valence and magnitude of incentive cues: Mid-adolescents are more sensitive to potential gains than early- or late-adolescents. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE, & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:557-573. [PMID: 35043303 PMCID: PMC9090868 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has focused on the interaction between motivation and cognitive control and shown that both are important for goal-directed behavior. There also is evidence for developmental differences in the sensitivity and behavioral effectiveness of incentives, showing that mid-adolescents might be especially susceptible to rewards. Further pursuing this line of research, the present study examined developmental differences in incentive processing and whether these potential differences also would correspond to changes in cognitive control. We compared the processing of high and low potential gains and losses in early-, mid-, and late adolescents by means of event-related potentials (ERPs) and examined whether these incentives also led to specific performance differences in task-switching. We expected that potential gains compared to potential losses and high compared to low incentives would lead to more preparatory updating as reflected in the P3b and consequently to better task performance and smaller global and local switch costs as indicators of cognitive control in all age groups. Furthermore, we expected that mid-adolescents should be especially sensitive to high gains and thus show the most pronounced enhancements in task performance and global and local switch costs in trials with high gains, respectively. Our results corroborate the idea of a special sensitivity to high rewards during mid-adolescence. The analysis of ERPs showed age-related differences in the processing of incentive cues that also varied with cognitive control demands. However, the different incentives did not impact age-related differences in indices of cognitive control, but had a general effect on response speed.
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14
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Chen C, Long R, Pu Z, Massar SAA. Limited evidence for enhanced working memory performance and effort allocation in the face of loss versus gain incentives: A preregistered (non) replication. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14083. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Chen
- Sleep and Cognition Laboratory, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Royston Long
- Sleep and Cognition Laboratory, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Zhenghao Pu
- Sleep and Cognition Laboratory, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Stijn A. A. Massar
- Sleep and Cognition Laboratory, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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15
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Komarnyckyj M, Retzler C, Cao Z, Ganis G, Murphy A, Whelan R, Fouragnan EF. At-risk alcohol users have disrupted valence discrimination during reward anticipation. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13174. [PMID: 35470555 PMCID: PMC9286798 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is characterised by disrupted reward learning, underpinned by dysfunctional cortico-striatal reward pathways, although relatively little is known about the biology of reward processing in populations who engage in risky alcohol use. Cues that trigger reward anticipation can be categorized according to their learnt valence (i.e., positive vs. negative outcomes) and motivational salience (i.e., incentive vs. neutral cues). Separating EEG signals associated with these dimensions is challenging because of their inherent collinearity, but the recent application of machine learning methods to single EEG trials affords a solution. Here, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to quantify risky alcohol use, with participants split into high alcohol (HA) (n = 22, mean AUDIT score: 13.82) and low alcohol (LA) (n = 22, mean AUDIT score: 5.77) groups. We applied machine learning multivariate single-trial classification to the electroencephalography (EEG) data collected during reward anticipation. The LA group demonstrated significant valence discrimination in the early stages of reward anticipation within the cue-P3 time window (400-550 ms), whereas the HA group was insensitive to valence within this time window. Notably, the LA, but not the HA group demonstrated a relationship between single-trial variability in the early valence component and reaction times for gain and loss trials. This study evidences disrupted hypoactive valence sensitivity in the HA group, revealing potential neurophysiological markers for risky drinking behaviours which place individuals at-risk of adverse health events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mica Komarnyckyj
- Centre for Cognition and Neuroscience University of Huddersfield Huddersfield UK
| | - Chris Retzler
- Centre for Cognition and Neuroscience University of Huddersfield Huddersfield UK
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- School of Psychology Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Giorgio Ganis
- School of Psychology University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Anna Murphy
- Centre for Cognition and Neuroscience University of Huddersfield Huddersfield UK
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Elsa Florence Fouragnan
- School of Psychology University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
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16
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Asymmetric valuation and belief updating over gain and loss in risky decision making: A behavioral and electrophysiological investigation. Behav Brain Res 2022; 429:113909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Ying L, Yan Q, Shen X, Zhang C. Social Value Orientation Moderated the Effect of Acute Stress on Individuals' Prosocial Behaviors. Front Psychol 2022; 13:803184. [PMID: 35360587 PMCID: PMC8960429 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.803184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute stress is believed to lead to prosocial behaviors via a "tend-and-befriend" pattern of stress response. However, the results of the effect of acute stress on prosocial behavior are inconsistent. The current study explores the moderating effect of gender and social value orientation on the relationship between acute stress and individuals' pure prosocial behaviors (i.e., pure prosociality and prosocial third-party punishment). Specifically, eighty-one participants were selected and underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (or were in the control group), followed by the third-party punishment task and the dictator game. The results showed that, in general, the main effect of condition or respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity on individual prosocial behaviors was significant and did not vary between genders. Furthermore, social value orientation (i.e., prosocial or self-orientation) might moderate the impact of RSA reactivity on the amount of punishment in the third-party punishment task. That is, individuals with self-orientation exhibited more prosocial third-party punishment as RSA reactivity decreased, while the effect did not occur for individuals with prosocial orientation. Taken together, the findings of the current study provide further evidence for the "tend-and-befriend" hypothesis and highlight the underlying physical mechanisms as well as the individual dependence of the effect of psychosocial stress on individuals' pure prosocial behaviors.
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18
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Glazer J, Nusslock R. Outcome valence and stimulus frequency affect neural responses to rewards and punishments. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e13981. [PMID: 34847254 PMCID: PMC10168119 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The Reward-Positivity (RewP) is a frontocentral event-related potential elicited following reward and punishment feedback. Reinforcement learning theories propose the RewP reflects a reward prediction error that increases following more favorable (vs. unfavorable) outcomes. An alternative perspective, however, proposes this component indexes a salience-prediction error that increases following more salient outcomes. Evidence from prior studies that included both reward and punishment conditions is mixed, supporting both accounts. However, these studies often varied how feedback stimuli were repeated across reward and punishment conditions. Differences in the frequency of feedback stimuli may drive inconsistencies by introducing salience effects for infrequent stimuli regardless of whether they are associated with rewards or punishments. To test this hypothesis, the current study examined the effect of outcome valence and stimulus frequency on the RewP and neighboring P2 and P3 components in reward, punishment, and neutral contexts across two separate experiments that varied how often feedback stimuli were repeated between conditions. Experiment 1 revealed infrequent feedback stimuli generated overlapping positivity across all three components. However, controlling for stimulus frequency, experiment 2 revealed favorable outcomes that increased RewP and P3 positivity. Together, these results suggest the RewP reflects some combination of reward- and salience-prediction error encoding. Results also indicate infrequent feedback stimuli elicited strong salience effects across all three components that may inflate, eliminate, or reverse outcome valence effects for the RewP and P3. These results resolve several inconsistencies in the literature and have important implications for electrocortical investigations of reward and punishment feedback processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Glazer
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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19
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Hager NM, Judah MR, Rawls E. Win, lose, or draw: Examining salience, reward memory, and depression with the reward positivity. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e13953. [PMID: 34637149 PMCID: PMC8633076 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The reward positivity (RewP) is a putative biomarker of depression. Careful control of stimulus properties and manipulation of both stimulus valence and salience could facilitate interpretation of the RewP. RewP interpretation could further be improved by investigating functional outcomes of a blunted RewP in depression, such as reduced memory for rewarding outcomes. This study sought to advance RewP interpretation first by advancing task design through use of neutral (i.e., draw) control trials and counterbalanced feedback stimuli. Second, we examined the RewP's association with memory and the impact of depression. Undergraduates completed self-report measures of depression and anhedonia prior to a modified doors task in which words were displayed in colored fonts that indicated win, loss, or draw feedback. Memory of the feedback associated with each word (i.e., source memory) was tested. Results showed that RewP response to wins was more positive than to losses, which was more positive than to draws. The RewP was not associated with depression or anhedonia. The low depression group showed a source memory advantage for win words, but the high depression group did not. Source memory showed small relations to the RewP, but these did not survive Bonferroni correction. Results suggest the RewP is sensitive to salience and highlight challenges in detecting an association between the RewP and depression in modified doors tasks. Findings indicate that depression is related to dysfunctional source memory for reward but not loss and that future research should probe the possible associations between the RewP and memory in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M. Hager
- Old Dominion University,Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology
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20
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Investigating anticipatory processes during sequentially changing reward prospect: An ERP study. Brain Cogn 2021; 155:105815. [PMID: 34731759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Performance-contingent reward prospect modulates the stability-flexibility balance in voluntary task switching. High reward prospect typically increases stability, indicated by a low voluntary switch rate (VSR). But this effect depends on the immediate reward history: Only when a high reward repeats (reward remains high), stability is increased. In contrast, when reward increases (high reward following low reward) cognitive flexibility is promoted, indicated by a relatively high VSR. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of changing reward expectations during voluntary task choice, we conducted two experiments and measured reward cue-locked event-related potentials (P2, P3b, CNV). The experiments yielded consistent findings: The P2 was stronger in response to high vs. low reward reflecting an early attentional boost by high reward anticipation. The P3b was highest in increase, intermediate in remain-high, and lowest in low reward trials suggesting responsiveness to working memory updating and motivational arousal. Finally, the CNV increased over time and was sensitive to both reward magnitude and sequence with the lowest amplitude in reward remain-low trials suggesting that preparatory control only increases when worth the effort. Taken together, early attentional processes (P2) were boosted by mere reward magnitude, while later processes (P3b, CNV) were sensitive to both reward magnitude and its sequence.
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21
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Gao M, Yang X, Zhang L, Ma Q. More Negative FRN From Stopping Searches Too Late Than Too Early: An ERP Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:705000. [PMID: 34552463 PMCID: PMC8450532 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.705000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that the feedback from a decision outcome may evoke emotions like regret, which results from a comparison between the gain the decision-maker has made and the gain he/she might make. Less is known about how search behavior is linked to feedback in a sequential search task such as searching for jobs, employees, prices, investments, disinvestments, or other items. What are the neural responses once subjects decide to stop searching and receive the feedback that they stopped too early or too late compared with the optimal stopping time? In an experimental setting of a search task, we found that the feedback-related negativity (FRN) induced by the feedback from stopping too late was more negative than stopping too early, suggesting that subjects might experience stronger regret when stopping too late. Subjects preferred to stop searching earlier if the last feedback was that they stopped too late, and vice versa, although they did not always benefit more from such adjustment. This might reflect general patterns of human learning behavior, which also manifests in many other decisions. Gender differences and risk attitudes were also considered in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Gao
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolan Yang
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linanzi Zhang
- School of Business Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, China
| | - Qingguo Ma
- Institute of Neuromanagement Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Jiang Q, Liu L. Temporal course of the sign effect in intertemporal choice. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2021.1948551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- Police Academy, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Towards a Functional Neuromarker of Impulsivity: Feedback-Related Brain Potential during Risky Decision-Making Associated with Self-Reported Impulsivity in a Non-Clinical Sample. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060671. [PMID: 34063798 PMCID: PMC8224100 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk-taking is part of the multidimensional nature of impulsivity, consisting of an active engagement in behaviors or choices with potentially undesirable results, with probability as the cost for an expected reward. In order to understand the neurophysiological activity during risky behavior and its relationship with other dimensions of impulsivity, we have acquired event-related-potential (ERP) data and self-reported impulsivity scores from 17 non-clinical volunteers. They underwent high-resolution electroencephalography (HR-EEG) combined with an adapted version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), and completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-10) and the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS). The ERP components were sensitive to valence (FRN, P300) and risk/reward magnitude (SPN, RewP). Our main finding evidenced a positive correlation between the amplitude of the P300 component following positive feedback and both the global UPPS score and the (lack of) perseverance UPPS subscale, significant for several adjacent electrodes. This finding might suggest an adaptive form of impulsive behavior, which could be associated to the reduction on the difference of the P300 amplitude following negative and positive feedback. However, further investigation with both larger clinical and non-clinical samples is required.
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24
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Cao Z, Bennett M, O'Halloran L, Pragulbickaite G, Flanagan L, McHugh L, Whelan R. Aberrant reward prediction errors in young adult at-risk alcohol users. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12873. [PMID: 31975507 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that individuals with substance use disorder have abnormally large responses to unexpected outcomes (reward prediction errors [RPEs]). However, there is much less information on RPE in individuals at risk of alcohol misuse, prior to neurobiological adaptations that might result from sustained alcohol use. Here, participants (mean age 23.77 years, range 18-32 years) performed the electrophysiological monetary incentive delay task. This task involved responding to a target stimulus following reward incentive cues to win, or avoid losing, the cued reward while brain activity was recorded under 64-channel EEG. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to quantify at-risk alcohol use, with high (n = 22, mean AUDIT score: 13.82) and low (n = 22, mean AUDIT score: 5.77) alcohol use groups. Trial-by-trial RPEs were estimated using a Rescorla-Wagner reinforcement model based on behavioral data. A single-trial analysis revealed that the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and feedback P3 (fb-P3) event-related potential components were significantly modulated by RPEs. There was increased RPE-related fb-P3 amplitude for those in the high alcohol use group. Next, the mean amplitude of ERPs elicited by positive and negative RPEs were compared between groups. We found that high alcohol use participants had attenuated FRN amplitude in contrast with low alcohol use participants for both positive and negative RPEs but enhanced fb-P3 for both positive and negative RPE. These results, with differences in RPE in an at-risk group, suggest that RPE a potential vulnerability marker for alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Cao
- School of Psychology University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Marc Bennett
- School of Psychology Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Science Unit University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Laura O'Halloran
- School of Psychology Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | | | - Luke Flanagan
- Institute of Neuroscience Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Louise McHugh
- School of Psychology University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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25
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Li J, Xu N, Zhong Y. Monetary payoffs modulate reciprocity expectations in outcome evaluations: An event-related potential study. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:902-915. [PMID: 33378098 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Choosing cooperation or aggression relies on reciprocity preferences which refer to the tendency of an individual to return cooperative or aggressive action for cooperative or aggressive action (i.e., positive or negative reciprocity preference). The reciprocity preference is positively correlated with reciprocity expectation, wherein individuals with stronger reciprocity preferences may have higher expectations than future cooperative or aggressive behavior should be delivered by beneficiaries (positive reciprocity expectation) or victims (negative reciprocity expectation). Although previous studies have demonstrated that the presence of monetary payoffs enhances reciprocity preferences, the modulation of monetary payoffs in reciprocity expectations remains unclear. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we examined how monetary payoffs modulated reciprocity expectations by adopting the Chicken game. Participants were asked to choose between cooperation and aggression with a putative opponent in the Chicken game involving the monetary (vs. non-monetary) payoffs. Participants' electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded when they saw the opponent's cooperative or aggressive decision. Results showed that compared to the non-monetary payoff trials, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) effect in response to the opponent's decisions was stronger following the participant's aggressive decision in the monetary payoff trials, whereas P3 was insensitive to monetary payoffs. These findings suggest that monetary payoffs heighten expectations of negative reciprocity at the earlier and automatic outcome processing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Nian Xu
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiping Zhong
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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26
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Gorin A, Krugliakova E, Nikulin V, Kuznetsova A, Moiseeva V, Klucharev V, Shestakova A. Cortical plasticity elicited by acoustically cued monetary losses: an ERP study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21161. [PMID: 33273646 PMCID: PMC7713235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both human and animal studies have demonstrated remarkable findings of experience-induced plasticity in the cortex. Here, we investigated whether the widely used monetary incentive delay (MID) task changes the neural processing of incentive cues that code expected monetary outcomes. We used a novel auditory version of the MID task, where participants responded to acoustic cues that coded expected monetary losses. To investigate task-induced brain plasticity, we presented incentive cues as deviants during passive oddball tasks before and after two sessions of the MID task. During the oddball task, we recorded the mismatch-related negativity (MMN) as an index of cortical plasticity. We found that two sessions of the MID task evoked a significant enhancement of MMN for incentive cues that predicted large monetary losses, specifically when monetary cue discrimination was essential for maximising monetary outcomes. The task-induced plasticity correlated with the learning-related neural activity recorded during the MID task. Thus, our results confirm that the processing of (loss)incentive auditory cues is dynamically modulated by previously learned monetary outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Gorin
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20, Myasnitskaya St., Moscow, 101000, Russia.
| | - Elena Krugliakova
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20, Myasnitskaya St., Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Vadim Nikulin
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20, Myasnitskaya St., Moscow, 101000, Russia
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Kuznetsova
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20, Myasnitskaya St., Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Victoria Moiseeva
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20, Myasnitskaya St., Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Vasily Klucharev
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20, Myasnitskaya St., Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Anna Shestakova
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20, Myasnitskaya St., Moscow, 101000, Russia
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27
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Carsten T, Kostandyan M, Boehler CN, Krebs RM. Comparing the motivational value of rewards and losses in an EEG-pupillometry study. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1822-1838. [PMID: 33244798 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We found earlier that performance-contingent rewards lead to faster performance than equivalent losses [Carsten, Hoofs, Boehler, & Krebs, 2019. Motivation Science, 5(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000117]. Here, we further tested the hypothesis that motivation to gain rewards is higher than to avoid losses, even when incentive values are matched. As implicit markers of motivation, we assessed electroencephalography (EEG) focusing on the P3 after target and feedback onset, and the Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN), as well as simultaneously recorded pupil size. Comparing only reward and loss prospect trials in Experiment 1, we found no consistent differences in behavior and electrophysiological markers of motivation, although pupil data suggested higher arousal after feedback in potential-loss trials. Including additional no-incentive trials in Experiment 2, we found consistent evidence that motivation to gain rewards was higher than to avoid losses: In line with behavior, the target-P3 was most pronounced for reward-related stimuli, followed by loss and no-incentive ones. This same ranking was found in the P3 and the FRN after positive outcomes (i.e., reward, avoided loss, and correct feedback in no-incentive trials). Negative outcomes featured a different pattern in line with the pupil response, which suggests that losses are emotionally salient events, without invigorating behavior proportionally. In sum, these findings suggest that the motivation to gain rewards is more pronounced than motivation to avoid equivalent losses, at least in tasks promoting transient increases in attention triggered by incentive prospect. These motivational differences may arise as avoided losses are not profitable in the long term, in contrast to gained rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Carsten
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariam Kostandyan
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - C Nico Boehler
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ruth M Krebs
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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28
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Wang Z, Li Q, Nie L, Zheng Y. Neural dynamics of monetary and social reward processing in social anhedonia. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:991-1003. [PMID: 32945882 PMCID: PMC7647377 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Being characterized by reduced pleasure from social interaction, social anhedonia constitutes a transdiagnostic marker for various psychiatric disorders. However, the neural portrait of social anhedonia remains elusive because of heterogeneities of reward type and reward dynamics in previous studies. The present event-related potential study investigated neural dynamics in response to monetary and social rewards in social anhedonia. Event-related potential responses were examined when a high social anhedonia (HSA, N = 23) group and a low social anhedonia (LSA, N = 26) group were anticipating and consuming social and monetary rewards. LSA but not HSA participants showed an increased stimulus-preceding negativity (anticipatory phase) and and increased reward positivity (consummatory phase) for monetary as compared with social rewards. This group difference could spring from an increased relevance of social rewards or a general decline in affective responding due to a potential association between social anhedonia and depression. Our findings provide preliminary evidence for neural aberrations of the reward system in social anhedonia, which is contingent upon reward type and reward dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lu Nie
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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29
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Zheng Y, An T, Li Q, Xu J. Distinct electrophysiological correlates between expected reward and risk processing. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13638. [PMID: 32672877 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Expected reward and risk (reward variance) are two fundamental parameters in decision making, which may be encoded by distinct functional brain networks during the anticipatory phase of reward processing. However, whether and how anticipatory reward and risk processing are dissociable in terms of temporal dynamics remain ambiguous. The current event-related potential (ERP) study addressed this issue in a card-guessing task where participants were presented sequentially two cards from a deck of nine (numbered 1 through 9) and were instructed to bet whether the second card was higher or lower than the first one. Expected reward and risk were manipulated orthogonally (in an uncorrelated way) over a full range of reward probabilities (every 12.5% from 0% to 100%). We focused on three anticipatory ERP components: the cue-related reward positivity (cue-RewP), the cue-related P3 (cue-P3), and the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN). During the period after presentation of the first card, the cue-RewP was sensitive to expected reward instead of risk, whereas the cue-P3 was mainly sensitive to risk and to a lesser extent to expected reward. During the waiting period for the second card, the SPN was sensitive to expected reward but not to risk. Our findings indicate a partial neural dissociation between expected reward and risk in the anticipatory phase of reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tong An
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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30
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Switching Competitors Reduces Win-Stay but Not Lose-Shift Behaviour: The Role of Outcome-Action Association Strength on Reinforcement Learning. GAMES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/g11030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Predictability is a hallmark of poor-quality decision-making during competition. One source of predictability is the strong association between current outcome and future action, as dictated by the reinforcement learning principles of win–stay and lose–shift. We tested the idea that predictability could be reduced during competition by weakening the associations between outcome and action. To do this, participants completed a competitive zero-sum game in which the opponent from the current trial was either replayed (opponent repeat) thereby strengthening the association, or, replaced (opponent change) by a different competitor thereby weakening the association. We observed that win–stay behavior was reduced during opponent change trials but lose–shiftbehavior remained reliably predictable. Consistent with the group data, the number of individuals who exhibited predictable behavior following wins decreased for opponent change relative to opponent repeat trials. Our data show that future actions are more under internal control following positive relative to negative outcomes, and that externally breaking the bonds between outcome and action via opponent association also allows us to become less prone to exploitation.
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31
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Decomposing the effort paradox in reward processing: Time matters. Neuropsychologia 2020; 137:107311. [PMID: 31862207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Effort expenditure not only discounts reward value prospectively but also accrues reward value retrospectively. To decompose the effort paradox in reward processing, the current event-related potential study investigated the neural dynamics underlying effects of effort expenditure on subsequent reward processing. Participants exerted one of two levels of effort to obtain an opportunity of winning a high or low amount of monetary reward, and we focused on electrophysiological activity during the anticipatory and consummatory phases of reward processing. During the anticipatory phase, the stimulus-preceding negativity was enhanced when potential high rewards were anticipated, but this reward effect disappeared following high-effort expenditure. During the consummatory phase, feedback-related ERPs were increased for high relative to low rewards, and this reward effect was enlarged following effort expenditure during the early stage (200-300 ms) as indexed by the reward positivity but not the late stage (400-600 ms) as indexed by the P3. Our findings provide a strong support for the psychological contrast theory and indicate that time matters in decomposing the effort paradox for reward processing such that effort expenditure reduces reward sensitivity during the anticipatory phase but enhances reward sensitivity during the consummatory phase.
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Hackley SA, Hirao T, Onoda K, Ogawa K, Masaki H. Anterior insula activity and the effect of agency on the Stimulus‐Preceding Negativity. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13519. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Hackley
- Department of Psychological Sciences University of Missouri‐Columbia Columbia MO USA
| | - Takahiro Hirao
- Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Keiichi Onoda
- Department of Neurology Shimane University Izumo-shi Japan
| | - Keiko Ogawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masaki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University Tokorozawa Japan
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Zhu X, Xu M, Wang H, Gu R, Jin Z. The influence of self-construals on the ERP response to the rewards for self and friend. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 147:1-8. [PMID: 31697960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Temporary self-construal (independent vs. interdependent) priming can modulate the neural response to the reward for an individual. Our previous event-related potential (ERP) studies have indicated that people experience the rewards for a friend less strongly than they experience the same amount rewards for themselves. However, an issue remaining unclear is whether the ERP responses to rewards for a friend vary according to the way in which the self is construed. In the present study, we manipulated participants' self-construal (independent vs. interdependent) and found that independent self-construal priming resulted in a greater feedback-related negativity (FRN) in response to outcome feedback for oneself than for a friend during a monetary gambling task. In contrast, interdependent self-construal priming resulted in a comparable FRN in response to outcome feedback for oneself and for a friend. The P3 amplitude was insensitive to the self-construal manipulation. Our findings suggest that interdependent priming may result in comparable motivation elicited by rewards for participants themselves and for their friends. This study provides novel evidence that the neural response to rewards for friend varies according to the way in which the self is construed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Zhu
- Institute of Cognition, Brain and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Educational Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Institute of Cognition, Brain and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- International Joint Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, China.
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34
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Yu H, Nan W, Yang G, Li Q, Wu H, Liu X. Your Performance Is My Concern: A Perspective-Taking Competition Task Affects ERPs to Opponent's Outcomes. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1162. [PMID: 31736696 PMCID: PMC6829177 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that people have more empathic responses to in-group members and more schadenfreude to out-group members. As a dimension of cognitive empathy, perspective-taking has been considered to be related to the enhancement of empathy. We tried to combine these effects through manipulation of a competitive task with opponents and an in-group partner and investigated the potential effect of in-group bias or the perspective-taking effect on outcome evaluation. We hypothesized that the neural activities would provide evidence of in-group bias. We tested it with a simple gambling observation task and recorded subjects' electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. Our results showed that the opponent's loss evoked larger feedback-related negativity (FRN) and smaller P300 activity than the partner's loss condition, and there was a win vs. loss differential effect in P300 for the opponent only. The principal component analysis (PCA) replicated the loss vs. win P300 effect to opponent's performance. Moreover, the correlation between the inclusion of the other in the self (IOS) scores and FRN suggests perspective-taking may induce greater monitoring to opponent's performance, which increases the win vs. loss differentiation brain response to the out-group agent. Our results thus provide evidence for the enhanced attention toward out-group individuals after competition manipulation, as well as the motivation significance account of FRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhi Nan
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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35
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Dyson BJ, Steward BA, Meneghetti T, Forder L. Behavioural and neural limits in competitive decision making: The roles of outcome, opponency and observation. Biol Psychol 2019; 149:107778. [PMID: 31593749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To understand the boundaries we set for ourselves in terms of environmental responsibility during competition, we examined a neural index of outcome valence (feedback-related negativity; FRN) in relation to an early index of visual attention (N1), a later index of motivational significance (P3), and, eventual behaviour. In Experiment 1 (n = 36), participants either were (play) or were not (observe) responsible for action selection. In Experiment 2 (n = 36), opponents additionally either could (exploitable) or could not (unexploitable) be beaten. Various failures in reinforcement learning expression were revealed including large-scale approximations of random behaviour. Against unexploitable opponents, N1 determined the extent to which negative and positive outcomes were perceived as distinct categories by FRN. Against exploitable opponents, FRN determined the extent to which P3 generated neural gain for future events. Differential activation of the N1 - FRN - P3 processing chain provides a framework for understanding the behavioural dynamism observed during competitive decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin James Dyson
- University of Alberta, Canada; University of Sussex, UK; Ryerson University, Canada.
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36
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Song W, Li H, Guo T, Jiang S, Wang X. Effect of Affective Reward on Cognitive Event-related Potentials and its Relationship with Psychological Pain and Suicide Risk among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:1290-1306. [PMID: 30390328 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore the electrophysiological correlates involved in three-dimensional psychological pain and their relationship with suicide in patients with major depressive disorder. METHOD The sample comprised 23 and nine patients with major depressive disorder with high and low risk for suicide, respectively, and 24 healthy controls. All participants completed the measurements and performed an event-related potential-based analogue of the affective incentive delay task. The event-related potential components previously associated with motivationally salient cue (contingent negative variation, P2, and cue-P3), target (target-P3), and feedback (reward vs. punishment, feedback-related negativity, and feedback-P3) stimuli were examined. RESULTS All inventory scores differed significantly among the high-risk, low-risk, and healthy control groups. During the expectant phase, the main effect of group and interaction between group and condition was significant in the average amplitudes of the cue-P2 component. During the feedback phase, the feedback-P3 elicited by positive feedback had a significant main effect of group and of the interaction between group and condition. Specifically, the feedback-P3 elicited by negative feedback in the punitive condition showed significant positive correlations with the total and subscale scores on the Three-Dimensional Psychological Pain Scale. CONCLUSIONS Feedback-P3 may be an electrobiological component underlying the processing of psychological pain in suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Songyuan Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Institution of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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37
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Zhu C, Pan J, Wang Y, Li J, Wang P. Neural Dynamics Underlying the Evaluation Process of Ambiguous Options During Reward-Related Decision-Making. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1979. [PMID: 31555175 PMCID: PMC6724567 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambiguous decision-making involves different processes. However, few studies have focused on the evaluation process. In this study, event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related spectrum perturbation (ERSP) techniques were used to explore the neural dynamics underlying the evaluation process of ambiguous options through an ambiguous choice task. Some important results emerged. We found a preference for lotteries with low ambiguity regardless of reward amount, suggesting that subjects were averse to ambiguity in our paradigm. Our electroencephalography (EEG) results clarified the neural dynamics underlying the evaluation process. In the time domain, lotteries with both a larger reward and lower ambiguity elicited a larger P3. In the time-frequency domain, larger amplitudes of delta activity at 200–400 ms and 500–600 ms post-stimulus were elicited by lotteries with low ambiguity. Moreover, lotteries with a larger reward elicited larger amplitudes of delta activity at 400–600 ms post-stimulus. Our ERPs and ERSP results suggested that individuals in our paradigm evaluated ambiguity and reward separately, and then integrated their evaluation to form subjective values of different lotteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkang Zhu
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Business School, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,School of Economics, Institute for Study of Brain-like Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Pan
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, Business School, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,School of Economics, Institute for Study of Brain-like Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- China Center of Social Trust Research, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianbiao Li
- School of Economics, Institute for Study of Brain-like Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Economic and Management, Nankai University Binhai College, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Business School, Tianjin University of Economic and Finance, Tianjin, China
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38
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Zhou S, Nie L, Wang Z, Wang M, Zheng Y. Aberrant reward dynamics in trait anticipatory anhedonia. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 14:899-909. [PMID: 31506689 PMCID: PMC6847339 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a cardinal feature of several psychiatric disorders, anhedonia includes a consummatory component (deficits in hedonic response to rewards) and an anticipatory component (a reduced motivation to pursue them). Although being conceptualized as impairments of reward system, the neural characterization of reward processing in anhedonia is hampered by the enormous heterogeneity in the reward phase (‘wanting’ vs ‘liking’) and comorbidity (inherent to disease states). The current event-related potential (ERP) study examined the reward dynamics of anticipatory anhedonia in a non-clinical sample. Anticipatory and consummatory ERP components were assessed with a monetary incentive delay task in a high anticipatory anhedonia (HAA) group and a low anticipatory anhedonia (LAA) group. HAA vs LAA group showed a diminished reward-related speeding during behavioral performance and reported overall reduced positive affect during anticipation and receipt of outcomes. Importantly, neural dynamics underlying reward processing were negatively associated with anticipatory anhedonia across the anticipatory phase indexed by the contingent negative variation and the consummatory phase indexed by the feedback P3. Our results suggest that anticipatory anhedonia in non-clinical individuals is linked to a poor modulation during both anticipatory and consummatory phases of reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lu Nie
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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39
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Li Q, Wang Y, Yang Z, Dai W, Zheng Y, Sun Y, Liu X. Dysfunctional cognitive control and reward processing in adolescents with Internet gaming disorder. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13469. [PMID: 31456249 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Developmental theories posit that immature cognitive control and excessive reward-seeking capacities may be a risk factor for addictive behaviors during adolescence, but the control and reward capacities have rarely been assessed experimentally in adolescents with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) simultaneously. This electrophysiological study examined inhibitory control and reward processing in adolescents with IGD during a go/no-go task and a gambling task. Behaviorally, the adolescents with IGD exhibited lower inhibitory control, as measured by the accuracy of no-go trials, and more risk seeking, as measured by the proportion of risky choices, than did the controls. Compared with the controls, the adolescents with IGD exhibited decreased no-go P3 and blunted feedback-related negativity (FRN) amplitudes following gains (gain FRN) but not losses. Thus, IGD in adolescents is potentially driven by dysfunction of the control system and the approach system rather than the avoidance system, supporting the neurobiological model of adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weine Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,CFIN and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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40
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Mei S, Yi W, Zhou S, Liu X, Zheng Y. Contextual valence modulates the effect of choice on incentive processing. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 13:1249-1258. [PMID: 30395334 PMCID: PMC6277738 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that reward-related neural activity is enhanced for choice relative to no-choice opportunities in the gain context. The current event-related potential study examined whether this modulatory effect of choice can be observed in both the gain and the loss contexts across anticipatory and consummatory phases of incentive processing. Thirty-two participants performed a simple choice task during which choices were made either by themselves (a choice condition) or by a computer (a no-choice condition) during a gain context (gain vs nongain) and a loss context (nonloss vs loss). Behaviorally, participants reported a higher level of perceived control in the choice than the no-choice condition as well as in the gain than loss context. During the anticipatory phase, the choice relative to the no-choice condition elicited an increased cue-P3 in the loss context and an enhanced stimulus-preceding negativity in the gain context. During the consummatory phase, the choice condition elicited a larger reward positivity (ΔRewP) than the no-choice condition in the gain relative to the loss context but a comparable feedback P3 across contexts. These findings demonstrate that the crucial role of voluntary choice in reward processing is contingent upon contextual valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Mei
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shiyu Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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41
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Internal cost of spontaneous deception revealed by ERPs and EEG spectral perturbations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5402. [PMID: 30931993 PMCID: PMC6443694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant literature has studied the behavioral and neural correlates of deception, but little research has focused on the internal cost of spontaneous deception. In the present study, the event-related potential and event-related spectral perturbations techniques were used to measure the internal cost of spontaneous deception by having participants perform a sender–receiver task in which they decided whether to send deceptive messages to increase their payoff from the task. Several important main findings emerged from this study. We observed a reward positivity (RewP) after senders sent the message, suggesting an integration of reward with associated cost after response in our task. Furthermore, spontaneous deception decreased the amplitude of the RewP and power in the delta and beta bands, whereas it increased the amplitude of power in the theta band, indicating that deception carried an internal cost that devalued individuals’ rewards.
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42
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Chen Y, Xu J, Zhou L, Zheng Y. The time course of incentive processing in anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia. J Affect Disord 2018; 238:442-450. [PMID: 29913381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia, the reduced capacity to experience pleasure, has long been regarded as a cardinal symptom in depression and schizophrenia. Recent evidence highlights that anhedonia is not a single construct but consists of an anticipatory component and a consummatory component, which is captured by the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS). The current event-related potential study examined the electrophysiological underpinnings of anticipatory and consummatory aspects of anhedonia as assessed by the TEPS in a non-clinical sample. METHODS EEG was recorded during both anticipatory and consummatory phases of incentive processing in an anticipatory-anhedonia (ANT) group, a consummatory-anhedonia (CON) group, and a control (CNT) group selected from a large sample based on their TEPS scores. RESULTS The ANT relative to the CON group exhibited a reduced cue-P3 during the anticipatory phase, a less positive feedback-related negativity (FRN) and a blunted feedback P3 (fb-P3) during the consummatory phase. Moreover, correlation results revealed a dissociation between anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia, which occurred in an unexpected way such that higher levels of anticipatory anhedonia were associated with reduced fb-P3 amplitudes whereas higher levels of consummatory anhedonia with enhanced cue-P3 and FRN amplitudes. LIMITATION The sample size for each group was relatively small. CONCLUSIONS Anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia as measured by the TEPS might be driven by abnormal motivational salience, which was represented by the cue-P3 during the anticipatory phase and the FRN and fb-P3 during the consummatory phase of incentive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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43
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Glazer JE, Kelley NJ, Pornpattananangkul N, Mittal VA, Nusslock R. Beyond the FRN: Broadening the time-course of EEG and ERP components implicated in reward processing. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 132:184-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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44
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Implicit reward associations impact face processing: Time-resolved evidence from event-related brain potentials and pupil dilations. Neuroimage 2018; 179:557-569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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45
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Yaple Z, Shestakova A, Klucharev V. Feedback-related negativity reflects omission of monetary gains: Evidence from ERP gambling study. Neurosci Lett 2018; 686:145-149. [PMID: 30195974 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Feedback processing is an important aspect of learning. In the human brain, feedback processing is often examined by measuring an event-related potential, the feedback-related negativity component. Typically, the feedback-related negativity component is investigated by directly comparing gain with loss feedback randomized across trials; however, this method does not control for confounds associated with unexpected feedback. For this study we used a blocked design gambling task to investigate the sensitivity of feedback-related negativity to positive and negative feedback separately for gains and losses. While there appeared to be no significant feedback-related negativity in the loss domain, results revealed an enlarged feedback-related negativity during the omission of gains compared to the reception of gains. These findings further support the reward positivity hypothesis which declares that the feedback-related negativity is associated with the processing of outcomes in the context of gains as opposed to losses, irrespective of unexpectedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Yaple
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Ulitsa, Moscow, 109316, Russian Federation.
| | - Anna Shestakova
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Ulitsa, Moscow, 109316, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily Klucharev
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Ulitsa, Moscow, 109316, Russian Federation; School of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Armyanskiy per. 4, c2, Moscow, 109316, Russian Federation
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46
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Yi W, Mei S, Li Q, Liu X, Zheng Y. How choice influences risk processing: An ERP study. Biol Psychol 2018; 138:223-230. [PMID: 30118756 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined how the experience of choice by which individuals exercise control modulates risk processing during the anticipatory phase as indexed by the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN), and the consummatory phase as indexed by the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and feedback P3 (fb-P3). Twenty-four participants performed a simple gambling task during which they could win or lose either a small (a low-risk condition) or a large (a high-risk condition) amount of points by either choosing freely between two doors (a choice condition) or accepting a computer-selected door (a no-choice condition) while their EEG was recorded. As expected, participants rated the high-risk condition as more risky than the low-risk condition and reported higher feelings of control for the choice versus no-choice condition. Regardless of the involvement of choice, risk processing in this task was associated with greater fb-P3 amplitudes. However, during the choice condition, risk processing was associated with a more negative SPN during the anticipatory phase and a more positive FRN during the consummatory phase, which was absent (the SPN) or reduced (the FRN) in the no-choice condition. These findings suggest that the modulation of risk processing by choice occurs during both the anticipatory phase and the consummatory phase, which may be driven by motivation salience imposed by control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yi
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuting Mei
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Mei S, Li Q, Liu X, Zheng Y. Monetary Incentives Modulate Feedback-related Brain Activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11913. [PMID: 30093674 PMCID: PMC6085338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that feedback evaluation is sensitive to monetary incentive. We investigated whether this sensitivity is driven by motivational salience (the difference between both rewarding and punishing events versus neutral events) or by motivational valence (the difference between rewarding and punishing events). Fifty-seven participants performed a monetary incentive delay task under a gain context, a loss context, and a neutral context with their electroencephalogram recorded. During the time domain, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) showed a motivational salience effect whereas the P3 displayed a reward valence effect. During the time-frequency domain, we observed a motivational salience effect for phase-locked theta power regardless of performance feedback, but a reward valence effect for non-phase-locked theta power in response to unsuccessful feedback. Moreover, we found a reward valence effect for phase-locked delta. These findings thus suggest that the affective modulation on feedback evaluation can be driven either by motivational valence or by motivational salience, which depends on the temporal dynamics (the FRN vs. the P3), the frequency dynamics (theta vs. delta power), as well as the phase dynamics (evoked vs. induced power).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Mei
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Li Q, Xu J, Chen W, Mu Z, An T, Zheng Y. ERP correlates of valence asymmetry during incentive anticipation. Psychophysiology 2018; 55:e13213. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of PsychologyDalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, First Affiliated HospitalDalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Weiran Chen
- Department of PsychologyDalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Zhen Mu
- Department of PsychologyDalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Tong An
- Department of PsychologyDalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of PsychologyDalian Medical University Dalian China
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49
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Dong G, Li H, Wang Y, Potenza MN. Individual differences in self-reported reward-approach tendencies relate to resting-state and reward-task-based fMRI measures. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 128:31-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Takayoshi H, Onoda K, Yamaguchi S. Do Event-Related Evoked Potentials Reflect Apathy Tendency and Motivation? Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:11. [PMID: 29445331 PMCID: PMC5797740 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apathy is a mental state of diminished motivation. Although the reward system as the foundation of the motivation in the human brain has been studied extensively with neuroimaging techniques, the electrophysiological correlates of motivation and apathy have not been fully explored. Thus, in 14 healthy volunteers, we examined whether event-related evoked potentials (ERP) obtained during a simple number discrimination task with/without rewards reflected apathy tendency and a reward-dependent tendency, which were assessed separately using the apathy scale and the temperament and character inventory (TCI). Participants were asked to judge the size of a number, and received feedback based on their performance in each trial. The P3 amplitudes related to the feedback stimuli increased only in the reward condition. Furthermore, the P2 amplitudes related to the negative feedback stimuli in the reward condition had a positive correlation with the reward-dependent tendency in TCI, whereas the P3 amplitudes related to the positive feedback stimuli had a negative correlation with the apathy score. Our result suggests that the P2 and P3 ERPs to reward-related feedback stimuli are modulated in a distinctive manner by the motivational reward dependence and apathy tendency, and thus the current paradigm may be useful for investigating the brain activity associated with motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiichi Onoda
- Department of Neurology, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
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