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Dobrushina O, Tamim Y, Wald IY, Maimon A, Amedi A. Interoceptive training with real-time haptic versus visual heartbeat feedback. Psychophysiology 2024:e14648. [PMID: 39152653 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The perception of signals from within the body, known as interoception, is increasingly recognized as a prerequisite for physical and mental health. This study is dedicated to the development of effective technological approaches for enhancing interoceptive abilities. We provide evidence of the effectiveness and practical feasibility of a novel real-time haptic heartbeat supplementation technology combining principles of biofeedback and sensory augmentation. In a randomized controlled study, we applied the developed naturalistic haptic feedback on a group of 30 adults, while another group of 30 adults received more traditional real-time visual heartbeat feedback. A single session of haptic, but not visual heartbeat feedback resulted in increased interoceptive accuracy and confidence, as measured by the heart rate discrimination task, and in a shift of attention toward the body. Participants rated the developed technology as more helpful and pleasant than the visual feedback, thus indicating high user satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of matching sensory characteristics of the feedback provided to the natural bodily prototype. Our work suggests that real-time haptic feedback might be a superior approach for strengthening the mind-body connection in interventions for physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dobrushina
- The Baruch Ivcher Institute for Brain, Cognition & Technology, The Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Yossi Tamim
- The Baruch Ivcher Institute for Brain, Cognition & Technology, The Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Iddo Yehoshua Wald
- The Baruch Ivcher Institute for Brain, Cognition & Technology, The Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Amber Maimon
- The Baruch Ivcher Institute for Brain, Cognition & Technology, The Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Amir Amedi
- The Baruch Ivcher Institute for Brain, Cognition & Technology, The Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
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2
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Xu HZ, Peng XR, Huan SY, Xu JJ, Yu J, Ma QG. Are older adults less generous? Age differences in emotion-related social decision making. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120756. [PMID: 39074759 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
In social interaction, age-related differences in emotional processing may lead to varied social decision making between young and older adults. However, previous studies of social decision making have paid less attention to the interactants' emotions, leaving age differences and underlying neural mechanisms unexplored. To address this gap, the present study combined functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging, employing a modified dictator game task with recipients displaying either neutral or sad facial expressions. Behavioral results indicated that although older adults' overall allocations did not differ significantly from those of young adults, older adults' allocations showing a decrease in emotion-related generosity compared to young adults. Using representational similarity analysis, we found that older adults showed reduced neural representations of recipients' emotions and gray matter volume in the right anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC), right insula, and left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) compared to young adults. More importantly, mediation analyses indicated that age influenced allocations not only through serial mediation of neural representations of the right insula and left DMPFC, but also through serial mediation of the mean gray matter volume of the right ACC and left DMPFC. This study identifies the potential neural pathways through which age affects emotion-related social decision making, advancing our understanding of older adults' social interaction behavior that they may not be less generous unless confronted with individuals with specific emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhou Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xue-Rui Peng
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany; Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Shen-Yin Huan
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jia-Jie Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Qing-Guo Ma
- Neuromanagement Laboratory, School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Neural Management Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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3
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Haustein M, Thomas EBK, Scheer K, Denburg NL. Interoception, Affect, and Cognition in Older Adults. Exp Aging Res 2024; 50:279-295. [PMID: 36871576 PMCID: PMC10477322 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2023.2183704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Interoception is the detection of signals that arise from within the body. Interoceptive sensitivity has been found to be associated with affect and cognition among younger adults, and examination of these relationships in older adult samples is beginning to emerge. Here, we take an exploratory approach to determine how demographic, affective, and cognitive variables relate to interoceptive sensitivity in neurologically normal older adults, aged 60-91 years old. Ninety-one participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, self-report questionnaires, and a heartbeat counting task to measure interoceptive sensitivity. Our findings revealed several relationships: 1) interoceptive sensitivity was inversely correlated with measures of positive emotionality: participants with higher interoceptive sensitivity tended to have lower levels of positive affect and trait extraversion; 2) interoceptive sensitivity was found to positively correlate with cognition: participants who performed better on the heartbeat-counting task also tended to perform better on a measure of delayed verbal memory; and 3) when examining the predictors of interoceptive sensitivity in a single hierarchical regression model, higher interoceptive sensitivity was related to: higher time estimation, lower positive affect, lower extraversion, and higher verbal memory. In total, the model accounted for 38% of the variability in interoceptive sensitivity (R2 = .38). These results suggest that, among older adults, interoceptive sensitivity is facilitative for aspects of cognition but perhaps disruptive for certain aspects of emotional experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Haustein
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Great River Health System, West Burlington, Iowa, USA
| | - Emily B K Thomas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa, USA
| | - Kodi Scheer
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, USA
| | - Natalie L Denburg
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa, USA
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Fermin ASR, Sasaoka T, Maekawa T, Ono K, Chan HL, Yamawaki S. Insula-cortico-subcortical networks predict interoceptive awareness and stress resilience. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 95:103991. [PMID: 38484483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.103991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interoception, the neural sensing of visceral signals, and interoceptive awareness (IA), the conscious perception of interoception, are crucial for life survival functions and mental health. Resilience, the capacity to overcome adversity, has been associated with reduced interoceptive disturbances. Here, we sought evidence for our Insula Modular Active Control (IMAC) model that suggest that the insula, a brain region specialized in the processing of interoceptive information, realizes IA and contributes to resilience and mental health via cortico-subcortical connections. METHODS 64 healthy participants (32 females; ages 18-34 years) answered questionnaires that assess IA and resilience. Mental health was evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory II that assesses depressive mood. Participants also underwent a 15 minute resting-state functional resonance imaging session. Pearson correlations and mediation analyses were used to investigate the relationship between IA and resilience and their contributions to depressive mood. We then performed insula seed-based functional connectivity analyzes to identify insula networks involved in IA, resilience and depressive mood. RESULTS We first demonstrated that resilience mediates the relationship between IA and depressive mood. Second, shared and distinct intra-insula, insula-cortical and insula-subcortical networks were associated with IA, resilience and also predicted the degree of experienced depressive mood. Third, while resilience was associated with stronger insula-precuneus, insula-cerebellum and insula-prefrontal networks, IA was linked with stronger intra-insula, insula-striatum and insula-motor networks. CONCLUSIONS Our findings help understand the roles of insula-cortico-subcortical networks in IA and resilience. These results also highlight the potential use of insula networks as biomarkers for depression prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S R Fermin
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Sasaoka
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ono
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hui-Ling Chan
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Alrosan AZ, Heilat GB, Alrosan K, Aleikish AA, Rabbaa AN, Shakhatreh AM, Alshalout EM, Al Momany EM. Autonomic brain functioning and age-related health concerns. Curr Res Physiol 2024; 7:100123. [PMID: 38510918 PMCID: PMC10950753 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates involuntary bodily functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and digestion, in addition to controlling motivation and behavior. In older adults, the ANS is dysregulated, which changes the ability of the ANS to respond to physiological signals, regulate cardiovascular autonomic functionality, diminish gastric motility, and exacerbate sleep problems. For example, a decrease in heart rate variability, or the variation in the interval between heartbeats, is one of the most well-known alterations in the ANS associated with health issues, including cardiovascular diseases and cognitive decline. The inability to perform fundamental activities of daily living and compromising the physiological reactivity or motivational responses of older adults to moving toward or away from specific environmental stimuli are significant negative consequences of chronic and geriatric conditions that pose grave threats to autonomy, health, and well-being. The most updated research has investigated the associations between the action responsiveness of older adults and the maintenance of their physiological and physical health or the development of mental and physical health problems. Once autonomic dysfunction may significantly influence the development of different age-related diseases, including ischemic stroke, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune diseases, this review aimed to assess the relationship between aging and autonomic functions. The review explored how motivational responses, physiological reactivity, cognitive processes, and lifelong developmental changes associated with aging impact the ANS and contribute to the emergence of health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Z. Alrosan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Ghaith B. Heilat
- Department of General Surgery and Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Khaled Alrosan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Abrar A. Aleikish
- Master of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Aya N. Rabbaa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Aseel M. Shakhatreh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ehab M. Alshalout
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Enaam M.A. Al Momany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
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Fermin AS, Sasaoka T, Maekawa T, Chan HL, Machizawa MG, Okada G, Okamoto Y, Yamawaki S. Insula neuroanatomical networks predict interoceptive awareness. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18307. [PMID: 37520943 PMCID: PMC10374932 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interoceptive awareness (IA), the subjective and conscious perception of visceral and physiological signals from the body, has been associated with functions of cortical and subcortical neural systems involved in emotion control, mood and anxiety disorders. We recently hypothesized that IA and its contributions to mental health are realized by a brain interoception network (BIN) linking brain regions that receive ascending interoceptive information from the brainstem, such as the amygdala, insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, little evidence exists to support this hypothesis. In order to test this hypothesis, we used a publicly available dataset that contained both anatomical neuroimaging data and an objective measure of IA assessed with a heartbeat detection task. Whole-brain Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) was used to investigate the association of IA with gray matter volume (GMV) and the structural covariance network (SCN) of the amygdala, insula and ACC. The relationship between IA and mental health was investigated with questionnaires that assessed depressive symptoms and anxiety. We found a positive correlation between IA and state anxiety, but not with depressive symptoms. In the VBM analysis, only the GMV of the left anterior insula showed a positive association with IA. A similar association was observed between the parcellated GMV of the left dorsal agranular insula, located in the anterior insula, and IA. The SCN linking the right dorsal agranular insula with the left dorsal agranular insula and left hyper-granular insula were positively correlated with IA. No association between GMV or SCN and depressive symptoms or anxiety were observed. These findings revealed a previously unknown association between IA, insula volume and intra-insula SCNs. These results may support development of non-invasive neuroimaging interventions, e.g., neurofeedback, seeking to improve IA and to prevent development of mental health problems, such anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S.R. Fermin
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Hiroshima city, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sasaoka
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Hiroshima city, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Hiroshima city, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hui-Ling Chan
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Hiroshima city, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Maro G. Machizawa
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Hiroshima city, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Go Okada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Hiroshima city, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okamoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Hiroshima city, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Hiroshima city, Hiroshima, Japan
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Dobrushina OR, Dobrynina LA, Arina GA, Pechenkova EV, Kremneva EI, Trubitsyna VV, Gubanova MV, Belopasova AV, Novikova ES, Tsypushtanova MM, Makarova AG, Vorobeva VP, Kazantseva DA, Aristova VV, Suslina AD, Perepelkina OS, Krotenkova MV. Interoception during aging: Functional neuroimaging data from a heartbeat detection task. Data Brief 2022; 42:108257. [PMID: 35620242 PMCID: PMC9126834 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoception is critically important for allostatic adaptation and emotional regulation, and aberrant interoceptive processing is increasingly recognized to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurological, psychiatric and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the fact that interoceptive abilities decline with age, the corresponding neural correlates and clinical consequences of these age-related changes have yet to be discovered. We present a dataset that contains task-based functional neuroimaging data from 50 adults aged 40–65 years and 12 adults aged 18–25 years who performed an fMRI-based heartbeat-detection task. Of the 62, 38 participants also took part in a rubber hand illusion experiment outside the scanner. While the dataset was mainly created to study age-related changes in interoception, it can also be used in body perception research in general. The provided group data may serve as a reference for clinical studies on interoception involving older adults.
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Dobrushina OR, Dobrynina LA, Arina GA, Kremneva EI, Novikova ES, Gubanova MV, Pechenkova EV, Suslina AD, Aristova VV, Trubitsyna VV, Krotenkova MV. Enhancing Brain Connectivity With Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback During Aging: A Pilot Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:891547. [PMID: 35712529 PMCID: PMC9195620 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.891547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with decreased functional connectivity in the main brain networks, which can underlie changes in cognitive and emotional processing. Neurofeedback is a promising non-pharmacological approach for the enhancement of brain connectivity. Previously, we showed that a single session of infra-low frequency neurofeedback results in increased connectivity between sensory processing networks in healthy young adults. In the current pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the possibility of enhancing brain connectivity during aging with the use of infra-low frequency neurofeedback. Nine females aged 52 ± 7 years with subclinical signs of emotional dysregulation, including anxiety, mild depression, and somatoform symptoms, underwent 15 sessions of training. A resting-state functional MRI scan was acquired before and after the training. A hypothesis-free intrinsic connectivity analysis showed increased connectivity in regions in the bilateral temporal fusiform cortex, right supplementary motor area, left amygdala, left temporal pole, and cerebellum. Next, a seed-to-voxel analysis for the revealed regions was performed using the post- vs. pre-neurofeedback contrast. Finally, to explore the whole network of neurofeedback-related connectivity changes, the regions revealed by the intrinsic connectivity and seed-to-voxel analyses were entered into a network-based statistical analysis. An extended network was revealed, including the temporal and occipital fusiform cortex, multiple areas from the visual cortex, the right posterior superior temporal sulcus, the amygdala, the temporal poles, the superior parietal lobule, and the supplementary motor cortex. Clinically, decreases in alexithymia, depression, and anxiety levels were observed. Thus, infra-low frequency neurofeedback appears to be a promising method for enhancing brain connectivity during aging, and subsequent sham-controlled studies utilizing larger samples are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga R. Dobrushina
- Third Neurological Department, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Olga R. Dobrushina
| | | | - Galina A. Arina
- Faculty of Psychology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I. Kremneva
- Department of Radiology, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Mariia V. Gubanova
- Third Neurological Department, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Vlada V. Aristova
- Third Neurological Department, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Psychology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Körmendi J, Ferentzi E, Köteles F. A heartbeat away from a valid tracking task. An empirical comparison of the mental and the motor tracking task. Biol Psychol 2022; 171:108328. [PMID: 35452781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Individuals' ability to perceive their heartbeats, called cardioceptive accuracy, is assessed with various paradigms. Performance in the mental and a novel motor tracking task that eliminates disturbing tactile sensations was assessed at rest and during walking with the participation of 45 young people. Significantly higher scores in the mental tracking task than in the motor tracking task were found. Scores obtained at rest were consistently higher than their walking counterparts. Motor responses showed no temporal association with heartbeats for 84% of participants at rest and 95% during walking. Overall, participants' cardioceptive accuracy at rest and under slight physical activity was poor. Even if people rely on their heartbeat-related sensations during their daily activity, it is either not the ability that is assessed by the tracking tasks, or it is a relatively poor source of information about the actual state of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Körmendi
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ferentzi
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Köteles
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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10
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Yang T, Zhang L, Xu G, Yang Z, Luo Y, Li Z, Zhong K, Shi B, Zhao L, Sun P. Investigating taste sensitivity, chemesthetic sensation and their relationship with emotion perception in Chinese young and older adults. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Steffen PR, Hedges D, Matheson R. The Brain Is Adaptive Not Triune: How the Brain Responds to Threat, Challenge, and Change. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:802606. [PMID: 35432041 PMCID: PMC9010774 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.802606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory impacts how research is conducted. A popular theory used to conceptualize brain functioning is the triune brain theory. The triune brain theory is an evolutionary theory of brain development that emphasizes three key brain regions consisting of the brainstem, the limbic system, and the cortex that function relatively independently in coping with stress via fight or flight, emotion, and cognition, respectively. However, modern neuroscience research demonstrates that the triune brain theory does not accurately explain how the brain functions in everyday life or during the stress response. Specifically, emotion and cognition are interdependent and work together, the limbic system is not a purely emotional center nor are there purely emotional circuits in the brain, and the cortex is not a purely cognitive center nor are there purely cognitive circuits in the brain. We propose a new evolutionarily based model, the adaptive brain, that is founded on adaptive prediction resulting from interdependent brain networks using interoception and exteroception to balance current needs, and the interconnections among homeostasis, allostasis, emotion, cognition, and strong social bonds in accomplishing adaptive goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Steffen
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Dawson Hedges
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Rebekka Matheson
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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12
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Cerebellum, Embodied Emotions, and Psychological Traits. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1378:255-269. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99550-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Pass Erickson LM. Sensing the self: a dance/movement therapy model of embodied identity development. BODY MOVEMENT AND DANCE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17432979.2020.1850524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Pass Erickson
- Department of Somatic Counseling: Dance/Movement Therapy, Naropa University, Boulder, CO, USA
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14
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Schroeter ML. Beyond attention, executive function & memory-Re-socializing cerebral small vessel disease. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:378-379. [PMID: 34156144 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias L Schroeter
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Leipzig, Germany.,University Hospital Leipzig, Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Hamilton OK, Wardlaw JM. Response to Schroeter ML, Letter, Small vessel disease and social cognition. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:380-381. [PMID: 34156150 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K Hamilton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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