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Cao C, Zhang Y, Cui Z. Response of Soil Fungal Community to Reforestation on Shifting Sand Dune in the Horqin Sandy Land, Northeast China. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1545. [PMID: 39203387 PMCID: PMC11356087 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Reforestation of native shrub on shifting sand dunes has been widely used for desertification control in semi-arid grassland in Northeast China. Previous studies have confirmed that plantation establishment facilitates fixing sand dunes, restoring vegetation, and improving soil properties, but very few have focused on the response of the soil fungal community. In this study, a chronosequence of Caragana microphylla (CM) shrub sand-fixation plantations (8-, 19-, and 33-year-old), non-vegetated shifting sand dunes (0 years), and adjacent natural CM forests (NCFs; 50-year-old) in the Horqin sandy land were selected as experimental sites. Soil properties including enzymatic activities were determined, and the composition and structure of the soil fungal community were investigated using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing technique based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA. This study aimed to (1) describe the response of the soil fungal community to revegetation onto a moving sand dune by planting a native shrub plantation; (2) determine the main soil factors driving the succession of the fungal community; and (3) discuss whether the soil fungal community can be restored to its original state by reforestation. The reforestation of CM significantly ameliorated soil properties, increased soil fungal diversity, and altered the composition and structure of the soil fungal community. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zoopagomycota were the dominant phyla in all sites. Ascomycota did not respond to plantation development, whereas the other two dominant phyla linearly increased or decreased with the plantation age. The relative abundance of dominant genera varied with sites and showed a waning and waxing characteristic. The composition and structure of the soil fungal community in the 33-year CM plantation were very close to that of the NCF, indicating the restorability of the soil fungal community. The succession of the soil fungal community was directly driven by soil properties, of which soil moisture, organic matter, total N, urease, and protease were the main affecting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyou Cao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Zhenbo Cui
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
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Owiny AA, Dusengemungu L. Mycorrhizae in mine wasteland reclamation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33141. [PMID: 39035525 PMCID: PMC11259807 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycorrhizae are found on about 70-80 % of the roots of all plant species; ectomycorrhizae (ECM) are mostly found on woody plants and gymnosperms, whereas arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are found on 80-90 % of all plant species. In abandoned mining sites, woody plants dominate, while non-woody species remain scarce. However, this pattern depends on the specific mine site and its ecological context. This review article explores the potential of using mycorrhizae-plant associations to enhance and facilitate the remediation of mine wastelands and metal-polluted sites. In this review, we employed reputable databases to collect articles and relevant information on mycorrhizae and their role in plant growth and soil fertility spanning from the 1990s up to 2024. Our review found that the abilities of plants selected for minewasteland reclamation can be harnessed effectively if their mycorrhizae utilization is known and considered. Our findings indicate that AMF facilitates plant cohabitation by influencing species richness, feedback effects, shared mycelial networks, and plant-AMF specificity. Several types of mycorrhizae have been isolated from mine wastelands, including Glomus mosseae, which reduces heavy metal accumulation in plants, and Rhizophagus irregularis, which enhances plant growth and survival in revegetated mine sites. Additionally, studies on ECM in surface mine spoil restoration stands highlight their role in enhancing fungal biodiversity and providing habitats for rare and specialized fungal species. Recent research shows that ECM and AMF fungi can interact synergistically to enhance plant growth, with ECM improving plant nitrogen absorption and AMF increasing nitrogen use efficiency. Our review also found that despite their critical role in improving plant growth and resilience, there remains limited knowledge about the specific mechanisms by which mycorrhizae communicate with each other and other microorganisms, such as bacteria, root-associated fungi, soil protozoa, actinomycetes, nematodes, and endophytes, within the soil matrix. This article highlights the connection between mycorrhizae and plants and other microorganisms in mine wastelands, their role in improving soil structure and nutrient cycling, and how mycorrhizae can help restore soil fertility and promote plant growth, thus improving the overall environmental quality of mine wasteland sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A. Owiny
- Copperbelt University, School of Natural Resources, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
- Chair of Environment and Development, Oliver R. Tambo Africa Research Chair Initiative (ORTARChI), The Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Leonce Dusengemungu
- Copperbelt University, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, P.O BOX 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
- Copperbelt University, Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Mining, Kitwe, Zambia
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3
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Lueck MR, Moyer MM, Cheeke TE. Potential to take root in viticulture? An evaluation of mycorrhizal inoculants on the growth and nutrient uptake of young wine grapes planted in live field soil. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae161. [PMID: 38936822 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Incorporating biofertilizers, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AM) fungal inoculants, into vineyard management practices may enhance vine growth and reduce environmental impact. Here, we evaluate the effects of commercially available and local AM fungal inoculants on the growth, root colonization, and nutrient uptake of wine grapes (Vitis vinifera) when planted in a field soil substrate. METHODS AND RESULTS In a greenhouse experiment, young wine grapes were planted in a field soil substrate and inoculated with one of three commercially available mycorrhizal inoculant products, or one of two locally collected whole soil inoculants. After 4 months of growth, inoculated vines showed no differences in plant biomass, colonization of roots by AM fungi, or foliar macronutrient concentrations compared to uninoculated field soil substrate. However, vines grown with local inoculants had greater shoot biomass than vines grown with mycorrhizal inoculant products. CONCLUSIONS Although effects from inoculations with AM fungi varied by inoculant type and source, inoculations may not improve young vine performance in field soils with a resident microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R Lueck
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Michelle M Moyer
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Washington State University Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA 99354, USA
| | - Tanya E Cheeke
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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Ghorui M, Chowdhury S, Balu P, Burla S. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal inoculants and its regulatory landscape. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30359. [PMID: 38711654 PMCID: PMC11070868 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most prominent means for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem management are Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) inoculants. These inoculants establish beneficial symbiotic relationships with land plant roots, offering a wide range of benefits, from enhanced nutrient absorption to improved resilience against environmental stressors. However, several currently available commercial AM inoculants face challenges such as inconsistency in field applications, ecological risks associated with non-native strains, and the absence of universal regulations. Currently, regulations for AM inoculants vary globally, with some regions leading efforts to standardize and ensure quality control. Proposed regulatory frameworks aim to establish parameters for composition, safety, and efficacy. Nevertheless, challenges persist in terms of scientific data, standardization, testing under real conditions, and the ecological impact of these inoculants. To address these challenges and unlock the full potential of AM inoculants, increased research funding, public-private partnerships, monitoring, awareness, and ecosystem impact studies are recommended. Future regulations have the potential to improve product quality, soil health, and crop productivity while reducing reliance on chemical inputs and benefiting the environment. However, addressing issues related to compliance, standardization, education, certification, monitoring, and cost is essential for realizing these benefits. Global harmonization and collaborative efforts are vital to maximize their impact on agriculture and ecosystem management, leading to healthier soils, increased crop yields, and a more sustainable agricultural industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maunata Ghorui
- Symbiotic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Plot no 575, Pace City-II, Sector 37, Gurugram, Haryana, 122001, India
| | - Shouvik Chowdhury
- Symbiotic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Plot no 575, Pace City-II, Sector 37, Gurugram, Haryana, 122001, India
| | - Prakash Balu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai, 600 117, India
| | - Sashidhar Burla
- ATGC Biotech Pvt. Ltd., Sy. No. 494, 495 & 496, ATGC Agri Biotech Innovation Square, TSIC Kolthur Biotech Park, Genome Valley, Shamirpet Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
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Aaronson JK, Kulmatiski A, Forero LE, Grenzer J, Norton JM. Are Plant-Soil Feedbacks Caused by Many Weak Microbial Interactions? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1374. [PMID: 37997973 PMCID: PMC10669423 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
We used high-throughput sequencing and multivariate analyses to describe soil microbial community composition in two four-year field plant-soil feedback (PSF) experiments in Minnesota, USA and Jena, Germany. In descending order of variation explained, microbial community composition differed between the two study sites, among years, between bulk and rhizosphere soils, and among rhizosphere soils cultivated by different plant species. To try to identify soil organisms or communities that may cause PSF, we correlated plant growth responses with the microbial community composition associated with different plants. We found that plant biomass was correlated with values on two multivariate axes. These multivariate axes weighted dozens of soil organisms, suggesting that PSF was not caused by individual pathogens or symbionts but instead was caused by 'many weak' plant-microbe interactions. Taken together, the results suggest that PSFs result from complex interactions that occur within the context of a much larger soil microbial community whose composition is determined by factors associated with 'site' or year, such as soil pH, soil type, and weather. The results suggest that PSFs may be highly variable and difficult to reproduce because they result from complex interactions that occur in the context of a larger soil microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Aaronson
- Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (J.K.A.); (L.E.F.); (J.G.)
| | - Andrew Kulmatiski
- Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (J.K.A.); (L.E.F.); (J.G.)
| | - Leslie E. Forero
- Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (J.K.A.); (L.E.F.); (J.G.)
| | - Josephine Grenzer
- Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (J.K.A.); (L.E.F.); (J.G.)
| | - Jeanette M. Norton
- Plants, Soils and Climate Department and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA;
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Zine H, Hakkou R, Elmansour A, Elgadi S, Ouhammou A, Benzaazoua M. Native plant diversity for ecological reclamation in Moroccan open-pit phosphate mines. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e104592. [PMID: 37476209 PMCID: PMC10354659 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mining activities have significant impacts on the environment, particularly in terms of the destruction of natural habitats andbiodiversity loss. With the increasing awareness of the importance of ecological restoration and conservation, there is a growing need to study and understand the flora that thrives in mining sites in order to facilitate successful reclamation efforts. This study aimed to investigate the floristic composition and plant diversity of four phosphate mine sites (PMSs) in Morocco, namely Bou Craa mine (BCM), Ben Guerir mine (BGM), Youssoufia mine (YSM), and Khouribga mine (KHM). The study found a total of 215 vascular plant species from 166 genera and 49 taxonomic families across the four sites. BGM was the most diverse site with 120 plant species, followed by KHM with 75, YSM with 57, and BCM with 54. Compositae family species were the most common at BGM and KHM, while Amaranthaceae species were dominant at BCM, and Poaceae and Compositae at YSM. Therophytes (annual species) were the most common functional group (45.0%), followed by chamaephytes (19.6%) and hemicryptophytes (15.9%). Atriplexnummularia and Chenopodiumalbum were the most common species found at all four sites, while Atriplexsemibaccata, Bassiamuricata, Haloxylonscoparium, and 12 other species were common at three sites. However, 156 plant species were found at only one site. The findings of this study highlight the significant abundance of plant species in Moroccan PMSs and provide a basis for successful ecological engineering rehabilitation plans. The study emphasizes the importance of studying the indigenous plant species that naturally populate these marginal lands to ensure successful reclamation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Zine
- Geology and Sustainable Mining Institute (GSMI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, MoroccoGeology and Sustainable Mining Institute (GSMI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic UniversityBen GuerirMorocco
| | - Rachid Hakkou
- Geology and Sustainable Mining Institute (GSMI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, MoroccoGeology and Sustainable Mining Institute (GSMI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic UniversityBen GuerirMorocco
- Innovative materials, energy, and sustainable development laboratory (IMED-Lab), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, MoroccoInnovative materials, energy, and sustainable development laboratory (IMED-Lab), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Cadi Ayyad UniversityMarrakechMorocco
| | - Abdelhak Elmansour
- Geology and Sustainable Mining Institute (GSMI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, MoroccoGeology and Sustainable Mining Institute (GSMI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic UniversityBen GuerirMorocco
| | - Sara Elgadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and, Environment (BioMAgE), Phytobiodiversity and Environment team, regional herbarium 'MARK', Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, MoroccoLaboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and, Environment (BioMAgE), Phytobiodiversity and Environment team, regional herbarium 'MARK', Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad UniversityMarrakechMorocco
| | - Ahmed Ouhammou
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and, Environment (BioMAgE), Phytobiodiversity and Environment team, regional herbarium 'MARK', Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, MoroccoLaboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and, Environment (BioMAgE), Phytobiodiversity and Environment team, regional herbarium 'MARK', Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad UniversityMarrakechMorocco
| | - Mostafa Benzaazoua
- Geology and Sustainable Mining Institute (GSMI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, MoroccoGeology and Sustainable Mining Institute (GSMI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic UniversityBen GuerirMorocco
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Lu Q, Bunn R, Whitney E, Feng Y, DeVetter LW, Tao H. Arbuscular mycorrhizae influence raspberry growth and soil fertility under conventional and organic fertilization. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1083319. [PMID: 37260690 PMCID: PMC10227501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1083319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introducing beneficial soil biota such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to agricultural systems may improve plant performance and soil fertility. However, whether bioinocula species composition affects plant growth and soil fertility, and whether fertilizer source influences AMF colonization have not been well characterized. The objectives of this research were to: (1) assess if AMF bioinocula of different species compositions improve raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) performance and characteristics of soil fertility and (2) evaluate the impact of fertilizer source on AMF colonization. Methods Five bioinocula with different AMF species compositions and three fertilizer sources were applied to tissue culture raspberry transplants in a randomized complete block design with eight replicates. Plants were grown in a greenhouse for 14 weeks and plant growth, tissue nutrient concentrations, soil fertility, and AMF root colonization were measured. Results Shoot K and Zn concentrations as well as soil pH and K concentration increased in the Commercial Mix 1 treatment (Glomus, Gigaspora, and Paraglomus AMF species) compared to the non-inoculated control. RFI (raspberry field bioinoculum; uncharacterized AMF and other microbiota) increased soil organic matter (SOM), estimated nitrogen release (ENR), and soil copper (Cu) concentration compared to the non-inoculated control. Furthermore, plants receiving the Mix 1 or RFI treatments, which include more AMF species, had greater AMF root colonization than the remaining treatments. Plants receiving organic fertilizer had significantly greater AMF colonization than conventionally fertilized plants. Conclusion Taken together, our data indicate that coupling organic fertilizers and bioinocula that include diverse AMF species may enhance raspberry growth and soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Lu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Rebecca Bunn
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Erika Whitney
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lisa Wasko DeVetter
- Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Mount Vernon, WA, United States
| | - Haiying Tao
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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Prado-Tarango DE, Mata-González R, Hovland M. Response of Sagebrush Steppe Grass Species to AMF Inoculum Sources and Biochar. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1113. [PMID: 37317087 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The sagebrush steppe has presented increasing levels of degradation. The addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and biochar have been suggested to restore ecosystems. However, little is known about their effects on sagebrush steppe plants. We tested three sources of AMF inoculum: soil from a disturbed site (Inoculum A), soil from an undisturbed site (Inoculum B), and commercial inoculum (Inoculum C), all with and without biochar, to test if they could mediate growth of Pseudoroegneria spicata (native perennial), Taeniatherum caput-medusae (early seral; exotic annual) and Ventenata dubia (early seral; exotic annual) under greenhouse conditions. We measured AMF colonization and biomass. We hypothesized that the plant species would be differently affected by the inoculum types. The colonization of T. caput-medusae and V. dubia was greatest when inoculated with Inoculum A (38.8% and 19.6%). In contrast, the colonization of P. spicata was greatest with Inoculum B and Inoculum C (32.1% and 32.2). Biochar decreased biomass production but increased colonization with Inoculum A for P. spicata and V. dubia and with Inoculum C for T. caput-medusae. This study reveals the response of early and late seral sagebrush steppe grass species to contrasting sources of AMF and suggests that late seral plant species respond better to late seral inocula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Mata-González
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Matthew Hovland
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Heuck MK, Birnbaum C, Frew A. Friends to the rescue: using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to future-proof Australian agriculture. MICROBIOLOGY AUSTRALIA 2023. [DOI: 10.1071/ma23002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With a rising global population and the challenges of climate change, there is an increasing need to find solutions to maintain crop yields in an ecologically sustainable way. Although many studies have focussed on this issue, comparatively few are conducted in the southern hemisphere. This is worrisome because the geographical and geomorphological conditions within Australia differ greatly from the northern hemisphere. To ensure food security, approaches can rely on conventional agricultural methods as well as commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal inoculants. Both approaches lack the capacity to be successful in the long term or could have unknown negative effects on the naturally occurring microbial communities. We advocate for a sustainable and holistic approach that combines the effective management of functionally diverse AM fungal communities with precision farming techniques while integrating landscape elements into agricultural fields. In addition, landowners and scientists should collaborate and communicate their work with industry and government to take forward the shift to a more-sustainable agriculture. In this way, we will be better able to secure our food production while restoring our soil ecosystems.
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Prado-Tarango DE, Mata-Gonzalez R, Hovland M. Drought and Competition Mediate Mycorrhizal Colonization, Growth Rate, and Nutrient Uptake in Three Artemisia Species. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010050. [PMID: 36677342 PMCID: PMC9863208 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Artemisia includes several keystone shrub species that dominate the North American sagebrush steppe. Their growth, survival, and establishment are negatively affected by exotic invasive grasses such as Taeniatherum caput-medusae. While the outcomes of symbiotic relationships between Artemisia spp. and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ambiguous, the benefits of ameliorated nutrient and drought stress may be cryptic and better revealed under competition. We evaluated the effects of a commercial AMF inoculum on ameliorating biotic (competition with T. caput-medusae) and abiotic (drought) stress of Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis, Artemisia arbuscula, and Artemisia nova when grown in sterile and microbially active field soil. Stress amelioration was measured as an increase in biomass production and nutrient acquisition. Mycorrhizal colonization of roots was lower in Artemisia plants grown in competition, while T. caput-medusae colonization was higher in plants with greater moisture. Both types of stress negatively affected plant biomass. Commercial AMF inoculation did not increase biomass. Colonization from field soil increased average phosphorous concentration under drought for A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis by 36% and A. nova by 125%. While commercial inoculum and live soil led to AMF colonization of T. caput-medusae, only the commercial inoculum increased average phosphorus uptake by 71%.
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Karlsen-Ayala E, Smith ME, Askey BC, Gazis R. Native ectomycorrhizal fungi from the endangered pine rocklands are superior symbionts to commercial inoculum for slash pine seedlings. MYCORRHIZA 2022; 32:465-480. [PMID: 36210381 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The south Florida pine rocklands is a critically endangered, fire-dependent ecosystem dominated by the overstory tree Pinus densa (South Florida slash pine). Because pine recruitment in this ecosystem has proven problematic, restoration efforts need to include replanting slash pine trees. Even though ectomycorrhizal fungi are known to be critical symbionts of young pines and are necessary for the development of healthy pines, virtually nothing is known about these mutualists and their role in pine establishment and survival in the pine rocklands. One approach to improve pine establishment is to grow seedlings in a nursery before outplanting, facilitating early associations with ectomycorrhizae, and therefore improving seedling health. In this study, we compared health metrics (height, stem diameter, final needle length, root length, root colonization, needle greenness, root volume, and root:shoot ratio) of seedlings grown in soil amended with five commercially available mycorrhizal inocula versus field soil collected from three pine rockland fragments. Seedlings grown with native field soil from the pine rocklands generally performed better than those grown with commercial inoculum in all metrics except root length. According to their labels, each commercial inoculum contained between 4 and 10 ectomycorrhizal fungi species. However, no ectomycorrhizal fungi were recovered from two of the inoculum products and only three ectomycorrhizal fungi in total were recovered from the other three products. In contrast, seedlings grown with field soil are associated with ten ectomycorrhizal species. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating native ectomycorrhizal fungi into pine seedling replanting as part of restoration efforts in the pine rocklands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Karlsen-Ayala
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Southwest Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, 34142, USA.
| | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Bryce C Askey
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Romina Gazis
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
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Koziol L, McKenna TP, Crews TE, Bever JD. Native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote native grassland diversity and suppress weeds 4 years following inoculation. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liz Koziol
- Kansas Biological Station and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66047 U.S.A
| | - Thomas P. McKenna
- Kansas Biological Station and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66047 U.S.A
| | | | - James D. Bever
- Kansas Biological Station and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66047 U.S.A
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LaForgia ML, Kang H, Ettinger CL. Invasive Grass Dominance over Native Forbs Is Linked to Shifts in the Bacterial Rhizosphere Microbiome. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:496-508. [PMID: 34505915 PMCID: PMC9436828 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbiomes have received growing attention in recent years for their role in plant health, stress tolerance, soil nutrition, and invasion. Still, relatively little is known about how these microbial communities are altered under plant competition, and even less about whether these shifts are tied to competitive outcomes between native and invasive plants. We investigated the structure and diversity of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal microbiomes of native annual forbs and invasive annual grasses grown in a shade-house both individually and in competition using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the fungal ITS region. We assessed how differentially abundant microbial families correlate to plant biomass under competition. We find that bacterial diversity and structure differ between native forbs and invasive grasses, but fungal diversity and structure do not. Furthermore, bacterial community structures under competition are distinct from individual bacterial community structures. We also identified five bacterial families that varied in normalized abundance between treatments and that were correlated with plant biomass under competition. We speculate that invasive grass dominance over these natives may be partially due to effects on the rhizosphere community, with changes in specific bacterial families potentially benefiting invaders at the expense of natives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina L LaForgia
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Kang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra L Ettinger
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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14
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Koziol L, Bauer JT, Duell EB, Hickman K, House G, Schultz PA, Tipton AG, Wilson GWT, Bever J. Manipulating plant microbiomes in the field: Native mycorrhizae advance plant succession and improve native plant restoration. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liz Koziol
- Kansas Biological Station University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alice G. Tipton
- Kansas Biological Station University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
- St. Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | | | - James D. Bever
- Kansas Biological Station University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
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15
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Han X, Li Y, Li Y, Du X, Li B, Li Q, Bezemer TM. Soil inoculum identity and rate jointly steer microbiomes and plant communities in the field. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:59. [PMID: 37938291 PMCID: PMC9723724 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Inoculation with soil from different ecosystems can induce changes in plant and soil communities and promote the restoration of degraded ecosystems. However, it is unknown how such inoculations influence the plant and soil communities, how much inoculum is needed, and whether inocula collected from similar ecosystems will steer soil and plant communities in different directions. We conducted a three-year soil inoculation experiment at a degraded grassland and used two different soil inocula both from grasslands with three inoculation rates. We measured the development of the soil and plant communities over a period of three years. Our results show that soil inoculation steers the soil microbiome and plant communities at the inoculated site into different directions and these effects were stronger with higher amount of soil used to inoculate. Network analyses showed that inoculation with upland meadow soil introduced more genera occupying the central position in the biotic network and resulted in more complex networks in the soil than inoculation with meadow steppe soil. Our findings emphasize that there are specific effects of donor soil on soil microbiomes as well as plant communities and that the direction and speed of development depend on the origin and the amount of soil inoculum used. Our findings have important implications for the restoration of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in degraded grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Forestry College, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingbin Li
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofang Du
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bing Li
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Li
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - T Martijn Bezemer
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO- KNAW), Wageningen 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Above-Belowground Interactions Group, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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16
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Koziol L, Schultz PA, Parsons S, Bever JD. Native mycorrhizal fungi improve milkweed growth, latex, and establishment while some commercial fungi may inhibit them. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liz Koziol
- Kansas Biological Survey Lawrence Kansas USA
| | | | | | - James D. Bever
- Kansas Biological Survey Lawrence Kansas USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA
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17
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Rawat VS, Kaur J, Bhagwat S, Pandit MA, Rawat CD. Deploying Microbes as Drivers and Indicators in Ecological Restoration. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Botany, Dyal Singh College University of Delhi New Delhi 110003 India
| | - Sakshi Bhagwat
- Department of Biosciences Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Manisha Arora Pandit
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College University of Delhi New Delhi 110008 India
| | - Charu Dogra Rawat
- Molecular Biology and Genomics Research Laboratory, Ramjas College University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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18
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Almeida BK, Cline E, Sklar F, Afkhami ME. Hydrology shapes microbial communities and microbiome‐mediated growth of an Everglades tree island species. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brianna K. Almeida
- Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables Florida 33146 USA
| | - Eric Cline
- South Florida Water Management District West Palm Beach Florida 33406 USA
| | - Fred Sklar
- South Florida Water Management District West Palm Beach Florida 33406 USA
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19
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Aguilera P, Ortiz N, Becerra N, Turrini A, Gaínza-Cortés F, Silva-Flores P, Aguilar-Paredes A, Romero JK, Jorquera-Fontena E, Mora MDLL, Borie F. Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Vineyards: Water and Biotic Stress Under a Climate Change Scenario: New Challenge for Chilean Grapevine Crop. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:826571. [PMID: 35317261 PMCID: PMC8934398 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.826571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The crop Vitis vinifera (L.) is of great economic importance as Chile is one of the main wine-producing countries, reaching a vineyard area of 145,000 ha. This vine crop is usually very sensitive to local condition changes and agronomic practices; therefore, strategies to counteract the expected future decrease in water level for agricultural irrigation, temperature increase, extreme water stress (abiotic stress), as well as increase in pathogenic diseases (biotic stress) related to climate change will be of vital importance for this crop. Studies carried out in recent years have suggested that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can provide key ecosystem services to host plants, such as water uptake implementation and enhanced absorption of nutrients such as P and N, which are key factors for improving the nutritional status of the vine. AMF use in viticulture will contribute also to sustainable agronomic management and bioprotection against pathogens. Here we will present (1) the current status of grapevines in Chile, (2) the main problems in grapevines related to water stress and associated with climate change, (3) the importance of AMF to face water stress and pathogens, and (4) the application of AMF as a biotechnological and sustainable tool in vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aguilera
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nancy Ortiz
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ninozhka Becerra
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alessandra Turrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Patricia Silva-Flores
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Talca, Chile
- Centro del Secano, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ana Aguilar-Paredes
- Programa de Restauración Biológica de Suelos, Centro Regional de Investigación e Innovación para la Sostenibilidad de la Agricultura y los Territorios Rurales (CERES), Quillota, Chile
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Juan Karlo Romero
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Emilio Jorquera-Fontena
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - María de La Luz Mora
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernando Borie
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
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20
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Oliveira ACC, Forti VA, Viani RAG. Fertility responses of a native grass: technology supporting native plant production for restoration in Brazil. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. C. Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Universidade de São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Victor A. Forti
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. G. Viani
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos Brazil
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21
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Aavik T, Träger S, Zobel M, Honnay O, Van Geel M, Bueno CG, Koorem K. The joint effect of host plant genetic diversity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities on restoration success. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsipe Aavik
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Sabrina Träger
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Martin Zobel
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology Biology Department University of Leuven Heverlee Belgium
| | - Maarten Van Geel
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology Biology Department University of Leuven Heverlee Belgium
| | - C. Guillermo Bueno
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Kadri Koorem
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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22
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Halim MA, Vantellingen J, Gorgolewski AS, Rose WK, Drake JAP, Margolis L, Thomas SC. Greenhouse gases and green roofs: carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in relation to substrate characteristics. Urban Ecosyst 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-021-01166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Rowe HI, Sprague TA, Ball B, Langenfeld D, Rivera L. Restoring closed trails in the Sonoran Desert: interactions of seed timing, seed source, and ripping. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen I. Rowe
- Parsons Field Institute McDowell Sonoran Conservancy 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100 Scottsdale AZ 85260 U.S.A
- School of Earth and Sustainability Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 U.S.A
| | - Tiffany A. Sprague
- Parsons Field Institute McDowell Sonoran Conservancy 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100 Scottsdale AZ 85260 U.S.A
| | - Becky Ball
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Arizona State University at the West Campus 4701 West Thunderbird Road Glendale AZ 85306 U.S.A
| | - Debbie Langenfeld
- Citizen Science Program McDowell Sonoran Conservancy 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100 Scottsdale AZ 85260 U.S.A
| | - Lisa Rivera
- Citizen Science Program McDowell Sonoran Conservancy 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100 Scottsdale AZ 85260 U.S.A
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24
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Contos P, Wood JL, Murphy NP, Gibb H. Rewilding with invertebrates and microbes to restore ecosystems: Present trends and future directions. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7187-7200. [PMID: 34188805 PMCID: PMC8216958 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration ecology has historically focused on reconstructing communities of highly visible taxa while less visible taxa, such as invertebrates and microbes, are ignored. This is problematic as invertebrates and microbes make up the vast bulk of biodiversity and drive many key ecosystem processes, yet they are rarely actively reintroduced following restoration, potentially limiting ecosystem function and biodiversity in these areas.In this review, we discuss the current (limited) incorporation of invertebrates and microbes in restoration and rewilding projects. We argue that these groups should be actively rewilded during restoration to improve biodiversity, ecosystem function outcomes, and highlight how they can be used to greater effect in the future. For example, invertebrates and microbes are easily manipulated, meaning whole communities can potentially be rewilded through habitat transplants in a practice that we refer to as "whole-of-community" rewilding.We provide a framework for whole-of-community rewilding and describe empirical case studies as practical applications of this under-researched restoration tool that land managers can use to improve restoration outcomes.We hope this new perspective on whole-of-community restoration will promote applied research into restoration that incorporates all biota, irrespective of size, while also enabling a better understanding of fundamental ecological theory, such as colonization and competition trade-offs. This may be a necessary consideration as invertebrates that are important in providing ecosystem services are declining globally; targeting invertebrate communities during restoration may be crucial in stemming this decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Contos
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Evolution, and Centre for Future LandscapesSchool of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Wood
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Evolution, and Centre for Future LandscapesSchool of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Nicholas P. Murphy
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Evolution, and Centre for Future LandscapesSchool of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Heloise Gibb
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Evolution, and Centre for Future LandscapesSchool of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
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25
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Thomsen C, Loverock L, Kokkoris V, Holland T, Bowen PA, Hart M. Commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculant failed to establish in a vineyard despite priority advantage. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11119. [PMID: 33981489 PMCID: PMC8071076 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associate with most plants and can increase nutrient uptake. As a result, commercial inoculants called “biofertilizers” containing AM fungi have been developed and marketed to increase plant performance. However, successful establishment of these inoculants remains a challenge, and may be negatively impacted by competition with fungi already present (priority effects). Perennial agriculture may be more amenable if inoculants can be successfully established on crops prior to field planting. Methods Here, we inoculate grapevine (Vitis vinifera) with a commercial inoculant in three treatments designed to manipulate the strength and direction of priority effects and quantified the abundance of the fungal strain before and after introduction using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Results We found that the introduced strain did not establish in any treatment, even with priority advantage, and inoculated vines did not differ in performance from non-inoculated vines. Fungal abundance was not greater than in pre-inoculation soil samples during any of the five years sampled and may have been impaired by high available phosphorus levels in the soil. This study highlights the need to understand and evaluate how the management of the agricultural system will affect establishment before introduction of “biofertilizers”, which is often unpredictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrina Thomsen
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Laura Loverock
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Vasilis Kokkoris
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor Holland
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Patricia A Bowen
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Summerland, BC, Canada
| | - Miranda Hart
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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26
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Martignoni MM, Garnier J, Hart MM, Tyson RC. Investigating the impact of the mycorrhizal inoculum on the resident fungal community and on plant growth. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Koziol L, Crews TE, Bever JD. Native plant abundance, diversity, and richness increases in prairie restoration with field inoculation density of native mycorrhizal amendments. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liz Koziol
- Kansas Biological Survey and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66047 U.S.A
- The Land Institute Salina KS 67041 U.S.A
| | | | - James D. Bever
- Kansas Biological Survey and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66047 U.S.A
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28
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Diversity and Structure of Soil Fungal Communities across Experimental Everglades Tree Islands. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12090324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungi play prominent roles in ecosystem services (e.g., nutrient cycling, decomposition) and thus have increasingly garnered attention in restoration ecology. However, it is unclear how most management decisions impact fungal communities, making it difficult to protect fungal diversity and utilize fungi to improve restoration success. To understand the effects of restoration decisions and environmental variation on fungal communities, we sequenced soil fungal microbiomes from 96 sites across eight experimental Everglades tree islands approximately 15 years after restoration occurred. We found that early restoration decisions can have enduring consequences for fungal communities. Factors experimentally manipulated in 2003–2007 (e.g., type of island core) had significant legacy effects on fungal community composition. Our results also emphasized the role of water regime in fungal diversity, composition, and function. As the relative water level decreased, so did fungal diversity, with an approximately 25% decline in the driest sites. Further, as the water level decreased, the abundance of the plant pathogen–saprotroph guild increased, suggesting that low water may increase plant-pathogen interactions. Our results indicate that early restoration decisions can have long-term consequences for fungal community composition and function and suggest that a drier future in the Everglades could reduce fungal diversity on imperiled tree islands.
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29
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Phillips RD, Reiter N, Peakall R. Orchid conservation: from theory to practice. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:345-362. [PMID: 32407498 PMCID: PMC7424752 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the exceptional diversity of orchids (26 000+ species), improving strategies for the conservation of orchids will benefit a vast number of taxa. Furthermore, with rapidly increasing numbers of endangered orchids and low success rates in orchid conservation translocation programmes worldwide, it is evident that our progress in understanding the biology of orchids is not yet translating into widespread effective conservation. SCOPE We highlight unusual aspects of the reproductive biology of orchids that can have important consequences for conservation programmes, such as specialization of pollination systems, low fruit set but high seed production, and the potential for long-distance seed dispersal. Further, we discuss the importance of their reliance on mycorrhizal fungi for germination, including quantifying the incidence of specialized versus generalized mycorrhizal associations in orchids. In light of leading conservation theory and the biology of orchids, we provide recommendations for improving population management and translocation programmes. CONCLUSIONS Major gains in orchid conservation can be achieved by incorporating knowledge of ecological interactions, for both generalist and specialist species. For example, habitat management can be tailored to maintain pollinator populations and conservation translocation sites selected based on confirmed availability of pollinators. Similarly, use of efficacious mycorrhizal fungi in propagation will increase the value of ex situ collections and likely increase the success of conservation translocations. Given the low genetic differentiation between populations of many orchids, experimental genetic mixing is an option to increase fitness of small populations, although caution is needed where cytotypes or floral ecotypes are present. Combining demographic data and field experiments will provide knowledge to enhance management and translocation success. Finally, high per-fruit fecundity means that orchids offer powerful but overlooked opportunities to propagate plants for experiments aimed at improving conservation outcomes. Given the predictions of ongoing environmental change, experimental approaches also offer effective ways to build more resilient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Phillips
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, WA, Australia
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Noushka Reiter
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Corner of Ballarto Road and Botanic Drive, Cranbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rod Peakall
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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30
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Vahter T, Bueno CG, Davison J, Herodes K, Hiiesalu I, Kasari‐Toussaint L, Oja J, Olsson PA, Sepp S, Zobel M, Vasar M, Öpik M. Co‐introduction of native mycorrhizal fungi and plant seeds accelerates restoration of post‐mining landscapes. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanel Vahter
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | | | - John Davison
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Koit Herodes
- Institute of Chemistry University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | | | - Jane Oja
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Pål Axel Olsson
- Biodiversity Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Siim‐Kaarel Sepp
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Zoology Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Martti Vasar
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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31
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Dagher DJ, de la Providencia IE, Pitre FE, St-Arnaud M, Hijri M. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Assemblages Significantly Shifted upon Bacterial Inoculation in Non-Contaminated and Petroleum-Contaminated Environments. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E602. [PMID: 32326329 PMCID: PMC7232219 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been shown to reduce plant stress and improve their health and growth, making them important components of the plant-root associated microbiome, especially in stressful conditions such as petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) contaminated environments. Purposely manipulating the root-associated AMF assemblages in order to improve plant health and modulate their interaction with the rhizosphere microbes could lead to increased agricultural crop yields and phytoremediation performance by the host plant and its root-associated microbiota. In this study, we tested whether repeated inoculations with a Proteobacteria consortium influenced plant productivity and the AMF assemblages associated with the root and rhizosphere of four plant species growing either in non-contaminated natural soil or in sediments contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. A mesocosm experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design in four blocks with two factors: (1) substrate contamination (contaminated or not contaminated), and (2) inoculation (or not) with a bacterial consortium composed of ten isolates of Proteobacteria. Plants were grown in a greenhouse over four months, after which the effect of treatments on plant biomass and petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in the substrate were determined. MiSeq amplicon sequencing, targeting the 18S rRNA gene, was used to assess AMF community structures in the roots and rhizosphere of plants growing in both contaminated and non-contaminated substrates. We also investigated the contribution of plant identity and biotope (plant roots and rhizospheric soil) in shaping the associated AMF assemblages. Our results showed that while inoculation caused a significant shift in AMF communities, the substrate contamination had a much stronger influence on their structure, followed by the biotope and plant identity to a lesser extent. Moreover, inoculation significantly increased plant biomass production and was associated with a decreased petroleum hydrocarbons dissipation in the contaminated soil. The outcome of this study provides knowledge on the factors influencing the diversity and community structure of AMF associated with indigenous plants following repeated inoculation of a bacterial consortium. It highlights the dominance of soil chemical properties, such as petroleum hydrocarbon presence, over biotic factors and inputs, such as plant species and microbial inoculations, in determining the plant-associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri J. Dagher
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; (D.J.D.); (F.E.P.); (M.S.-A.)
| | | | - Frédéric E. Pitre
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; (D.J.D.); (F.E.P.); (M.S.-A.)
| | - Marc St-Arnaud
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; (D.J.D.); (F.E.P.); (M.S.-A.)
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; (D.J.D.); (F.E.P.); (M.S.-A.)
- AgroBioSciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Lot 660–Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
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Oliveira ACC, Forti VA, Paula Loiola P, Viani RAG. Techniques for seedling production of two native grasses: new perspectives for Brazilian Cerrado restoration. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor A. Forti
- Departamento de Tecnologia Agroindustrial e Socioeconomia RuralUniversidade Federal de São Carlos Araras Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo A. G. Viani
- Departamento de Biotecnologia e Produção Vegetal e AnimalUniversidade Federal de São Carlos Araras Brazil
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Trejo-Aguilar D, Banuelos J. Isolation and Culture of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi from Field Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2146:1-18. [PMID: 32415591 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0603-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The isolation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from different land use is the starting point for selecting and producing inoculants. There are different techniques to isolate and produce large-scale arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-based inoculum, being soil, inert substrate, and in vitro culture techniques among the most used by different biofertilizer producers. This chapter describes an active operating method to isolate and produce large-scale fungal inoculant in substrate-based manufacturing. In addition, critical parameters are presented for the optimal production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum. All the steps of the process are enlisted: from choosing the source of inoculum, its production, scaling, sustaining quality control, to shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Trejo-Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Jacob Banuelos
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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Veen GF, Wubs ERJ, Bardgett RD, Barrios E, Bradford MA, Carvalho S, De Deyn GB, de Vries FT, Giller KE, Kleijn D, Landis DA, Rossing WAH, Schrama M, Six J, Struik PC, van Gils S, Wiskerke JSC, van der Putten WH, Vet LEM. Applying the Aboveground-Belowground Interaction Concept in Agriculture: Spatio-Temporal Scales Matter. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Kokkoris V, Hamel C, Hart MM. Mycorrhizal response in crop versus wild plants. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221037. [PMID: 31393956 PMCID: PMC6687160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We proposed a theoretical framework predicting mutualistic outcomes for the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis based on host provenance (crop versus wild). To test the framework, we grew two isolates of Rhizoglomus irregulare (commercial versus an isolate locally isolated), with five crop plants and five wild plants endemic to the region that co-occur with the locally sourced fungus. While inoculation with either isolate had no effect on plant biomass, it decreased leaf P content, particularly for wild plants. All plants associating with the commercial fungus had lower leaf P. Overall, our data shows that wild plants may be more sensitive to differences in mutualistic quality among fungal isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Kokkoris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Chantal Hamel
- Quebec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Miranda M. Hart
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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36
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Do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a role in the ability of rare plant species to colonize abandoned fields? FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Grove S, Saarman NP, Gilbert GS, Faircloth B, Haubensak KA, Parker IM. Ectomycorrhizas and tree seedling establishment are strongly influenced by forest edge proximity but not soil inoculum. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01867. [PMID: 30710404 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reforestation is challenging when timber harvested areas have been degraded, invaded by nonnative species, or are of marginal suitability to begin with. Conifers form mutualistic partnerships with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) to obtain greater access to soil resources, and these partnerships may be especially important in degraded areas. However, timber harvest can impact mycorrhizal fungi by removing or compacting topsoil, removing host plants, and warming and drying the soil. We used a field experiment to evaluate the role of EMF in Douglas-fir reforestation in clearcuts invaded by Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) where traditional reforestation approaches have repeatedly failed. We tested how planting distance from intact Douglas-fir forest edges influenced reforestation success and whether inoculation with forest soils can be used to restore EMF relationships. We used an Illumina DNA sequencing approach to measure the abundance, richness and composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi on Douglas-fir roots, and assessed differences in Douglas-fir seedling survival and growth near to and far from forest edges with and without forest soil inoculum. Planting Douglas-fir seedlings near forest edges increased seedling survival, growth, and EMF root colonization. Edge proximity had no effect on EMF richness but did change fungal community composition. Inoculations with forest soil did not increase EMF abundance or richness or change community composition, nor did it improve seedling establishment. With Illumina sequencing, we identified two to three times greater species richness than described in previous edge effects studies. Of the 95 EMF species we identified, 40% of the species occurred on less than 5% of the seedlings. The ability to detect fungi at low abundance may explain why we did not detect differences in EMF richness with distance to hosts as previous studies. Our findings suggest that forest edges are suitable for reforestation, even when the interiors of deforested areas are not. We advocate for timber harvest designs that maximize edge habitat where ectomycorrhizal fungi contribute to tree establishment. However, this study does not support the use of inoculation with forest soil as a simple method to enhance EMF and seedling survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grove
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
- Biological Sciences and Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - Norah P Saarman
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
| | - Gregory S Gilbert
- Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Brant Faircloth
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Karen A Haubensak
- Biological Sciences and Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - Ingrid M Parker
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
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Amir H, Cavaloc Y, Laurent A, Pagand P, Gunkel P, Lemestre M, Médevielle V, Pain A, McCoy S. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and sewage sludge enhance growth and adaptation of Metrosideros laurifolia on ultramafic soil in New Caledonia: A field experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:334-343. [PMID: 30240917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ecological restauration of nickel mining-degraded areas in New Caledonia is strongly limited by soil mineral nutrient deficiencies, heavy metal toxicity and slow growth rate of the native plant species. The improvement of revegetation technics needs multidisciplinary knowledge. A field experiment with relocated topsoil was assessed to test plant inoculation with a mix of three selected arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) combined with sewage sludge amendment of the soil. Metrosideros laurifolia seedlings, an endemic Myrtaceae, were inoculated with the mixed AMF isolates and grown in a nursery for 18 months before being planted. 528 days after plantation, the dry weight of inoculated plants was 4 times higher than non-inoculated ones. AMF inoculated plants growing in sewage sludge amended soil showed a dry weight more than seven times higher than control plants. These differences were positively correlated with mycorrhizal colonization. However at this stage, AMF inoculated isolates were reduced in roots of M. laurifolia and replaced by several AMF indigenous species. This AMF diversity was higher in inoculated plants and in non-amended plots. Inoculated plants were characterized by a better mineral nutrition, a higher Ca/Mg ratio and a lower heavy metal translocation. In conclusion, this study showed that AMF inoculation combined with sewage sludge amendment of soil can improve ecological restoration of ultramafic mine-degraded areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Amir
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea 98851, New Caledonia.
| | - Yvon Cavaloc
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Audrey Laurent
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Pascal Pagand
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Peggy Gunkel
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Monika Lemestre
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Valérie Médevielle
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Anthony Pain
- Institut Agronomique néoCalédonien (IAC), BP 73, 98890 Paita, New Caledonia
| | - Stephane McCoy
- Service Préservation de l'Environnement, VALE-Nouvelle Calédonie, BP218, 98845 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia
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Koziol L, Schultz PA, House GL, Bauer JT, Middleton EL, Bever JD. The Plant Microbiome and Native Plant Restoration: The Example of Native Mycorrhizal Fungi. Bioscience 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liz Koziol
- Kansas Biological Survey, at the University of Kansas, in Lawrence
| | - Peggy A Schultz
- Kansas Biological Survey, at the University of Kansas, in Lawrence
| | | | | | | | - James D Bever
- Kansas Biological Survey, at the University of Kansas, in Lawrence
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40
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Rubin RL, Koch GW, Martinez A, Mau RL, Bowker MA, Hungate BA. Developing climate-smart restoration: Can plant microbiomes be hardened against heat waves? ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:1594-1605. [PMID: 29989265 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat waves are increasing in frequency and intensity, presenting a challenge for the already difficult practice of ecological restoration. We investigated whether pre-heating locally sourced rhizosphere soil (inoculum) could acclimatize plants to a field-imposed heat wave in a restoration setting. Soil heating in the laboratory caused a marked shift in rhizosphere bacterial community composition, accompanied by an increase in species evenness. Furthermore, pre-heated rhizosphere soil reduced plant height, number of leaves, and shoot mass of the C4 grass, blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), and it reduced the shoot mass of the C3 grass, Arizona fescue (Festuca arizonica) in the glasshouse. Following transplantation and the application of a field heat wave, pre-heated inoculum did not influence heat wave survival for either plant species. However, there were strong species-level responses to the field heat wave. For instance, heat wave survivorship was over four times higher in blue grama (92%) than in Arizona fescue (22%). These results suggest that the use of C4 seeds may be preferable for sites exhibiting high heat wave risk. Further research is needed to understand whether inocula are more effective in highly degraded soil in comparison with partially degraded soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Rubin
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - George W Koch
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - Ayla Martinez
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - Rebecca L Mau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - Matthew A Bowker
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
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Smith ME, Delean S, Cavagnaro TR, Facelli JM. Evidence for species-specific plant responses to soil microbial communities from remnant and degraded land provides promise for restoration. AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique E. Smith
- Benham Laboratories; School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; North Terrace Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Steven Delean
- Benham Laboratories; School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; North Terrace Adelaide South Australia Australia
- The Environment Institute; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Timothy R. Cavagnaro
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - José M. Facelli
- Benham Laboratories; School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; North Terrace Adelaide South Australia Australia
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and associated microbial communities from dry grassland do not improve plant growth on abandoned field soil. Oecologia 2018; 186:677-689. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-4054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Perkins LB, Bennett JR. A field test of commercial soil microbial treatments on native grassland restoration. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lora B. Perkins
- Department of Natural Resource Management; South Dakota State University; Brookings SD 57007 U.S.A
| | - Joe R. Bennett
- Department of Natural Resource Management; South Dakota State University; Brookings SD 57007 U.S.A
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Sánchez-Castro I, Gianinazzi-Pearson V, Cleyet-Marel JC, Baudoin E, van Tuinen D. Glomeromycota communities survive extreme levels of metal toxicity in an orphan mining site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:121-128. [PMID: 28437768 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Abandoned tailing basins and waste heaps of orphan mining sites are of great concern since extreme metal contamination makes soil improper for any human activity and is a permanent threat for nearby surroundings. Although spontaneous revegetation can occur, the process is slow or unsuccessful and rhizostabilisation strategies to reduce dispersal of contaminated dust represent an option to rehabilitate such sites. This requires selection of plants tolerant to such conditions, and optimization of their fitness and growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance metal tolerance in moderately polluted soils, but their ability to survive extreme levels of metal contamination has not been reported. This question was addressed in the tailing basin and nearby waste heaps of an orphan mining site in southern France, reaching in the tailing basin exceptionally high contents of zinc (ppm: 97,333 total) and lead (ppm: 31,333 total). In order to contribute to a better understanding of AMF ecology under severe abiotic stress and to identify AMF associated with plants growing under such conditions, that may be considered in future revegetation and rhizostabilisation of highly polluted areas, nine plant species were sampled at different growing seasons and AMF root colonization was determined. Glomeromycota diversity was monitored in mycorrhizal roots by sequencing of the ribosomal LSU. This first survey of AMF in such highly contaminated soils revealed the presence of several AMF ribotypes, belonging mainly to the Glomerales, with some examples from the Paraglomerales and Diversisporales. AMF diversity and root colonization in the tailing basin were lower than in the less-contaminated waste heaps. A Paraglomus species previously identified in a polish mining site was common in roots of different plants. Presence of active AMF in such an environment is an outstanding finding, which should be clearly considered for the design of efficient rhizostabilisation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sánchez-Castro
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRA, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - V Gianinazzi-Pearson
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRA, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - J C Cleyet-Marel
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113: IRD/CIRAD/SupAgro/UM2. USC 1242: INRA, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA A-82/J. 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - E Baudoin
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113: IRD/CIRAD/SupAgro/UM2. USC 1242: INRA, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA A-82/J. 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - D van Tuinen
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRA, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
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Chiochetta CG, Toumi H, Böhm RFS, Engel F, Poyer-Radetski G, Rörig LR, Adani F, Radetski CM. Use of phytoproductivity data in the choice of native plant species to restore a degraded coal mining site amended with a stabilized industrial organic sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24624-24633. [PMID: 28913724 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coal mining-related activities result in a degraded landscape and sites associated with large amounts of dumped waste material. The arid soil resulting from acid mine drainage affects terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and thus, site remediation programs must be implemented to mitigate this sequential deleterious processes. A low-cost alternative material to counterbalance the affected physico-chemical-microbiological aspects of the degraded soil is the amendment with low contaminated and stabilized industrial organic sludge. The content of nutrients P and N, together with stabilized organic matter, makes this material an excellent fertilizer and soil conditioner, fostering biota colonization and succession in the degraded site. However, choice of native plant species to restore a degraded site must be guided by some minimal criteria, such as plant survival/adaptation and plant biomass productivity. Thus, in this 3-month study under environmental conditions, phytoproductivity tests with five native plant species (Surinam cherry Eugenia uniflora L., C. myrianthum-Citharexylum myrianthum, Inga-Inga spp., Brazilian peppertree Schinus terebinthifolius, and Sour cherry Prunus cerasus) were performed to assess these criteria, and additional biochemical parameters were measured in plant tissues (i.e., protein content and peroxidase activity) exposed to different soil/sludge mixture proportions. The results show that three native plants were more adequate to restore vegetation on degraded sites: Surinam cherry, C. myrianthum, and Brazilian peppertree. Thus, this study demonstrates that phytoproductivity tests associated with biochemical endpoint measurements can help in the choice of native plant species, as well as aiding in the choice of the most appropriate soil/stabilized sludge proportion in order to optimize biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudete G Chiochetta
- Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Hela Toumi
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Renata F S Böhm
- Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Engel
- Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Poyer-Radetski
- Curso de Geografia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88035-001, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R Rörig
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudemir M Radetski
- Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC, 88302-202, Brazil.
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Hart MM, Antunes PM, Chaudhary VB, Abbott LK. Fungal inoculants in the field: Is the reward greater than the risk? Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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French KE. Engineering Mycorrhizal Symbioses to Alter Plant Metabolism and Improve Crop Health. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1403. [PMID: 28785256 PMCID: PMC5519612 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Creating sustainable bioeconomies for the 21st century relies on optimizing the use of biological resources to improve agricultural productivity and create new products. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (phylum Glomeromycota) form symbiotic relationships with over 80% of vascular plants. In return for carbon, these fungi improve plant health and tolerance to environmental stress. This symbiosis is over 400 million years old and there are currently over 200 known arbuscular mycorrhizae, with dozens of new species described annually. Metagenomic sequencing of native soil communities, from species-rich meadows to mangroves, suggests biologically diverse habitats support a variety of mycorrhizal species with potential agricultural, medical, and biotechnological applications. This review looks at the effect of mycorrhizae on plant metabolism and how we can harness this symbiosis to improve crop health. I will first describe the mechanisms that underlie this symbiosis and what physiological, metabolic, and environmental factors trigger these plant-fungal relationships. These include mycorrhizal manipulation of host genetic expression, host mitochondrial and plastid proliferation, and increased production of terpenoids and jasmonic acid by the host plant. I will then discuss the effects of mycorrhizae on plant root and foliar secondary metabolism. I subsequently outline how mycorrhizae induce three key benefits in crops: defense against pathogen and herbivore attack, drought resistance, and heavy metal tolerance. I conclude with an overview of current efforts to harness mycorrhizal diversity to improve crop health through customized inoculum. I argue future research should embrace synthetic biology to create mycorrhizal chasses with improved symbiotic abilities and potentially novel functions to improve plant health. As the effects of climate change and anthropogenic disturbance increase, the global diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi should be monitored and protected to ensure this important agricultural and biotechnological resource for the future.
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Dietterich LH, Casper BB. Initial soil amendments still affect plant community composition after nine years in succession on a heavy metal contaminated mountainside. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee H. Dietterich
- Department of Biology; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA 19104 U.S.A
| | - Brenda B. Casper
- Department of Biology; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA 19104 U.S.A
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Wubs ERJ, van der Putten WH, Bosch M, Bezemer TM. Soil inoculation steers restoration of terrestrial ecosystems. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 2:16107. [PMID: 27398907 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many natural ecosystems have been degraded because of human activities(1,2) and need to be restored so that biodiversity is protected. However, restoration can take decades and restoration activities are often unsuccessful(3) because of abiotic constraints (for example, eutrophication, acidification) and unfavourable biotic conditions (for example, competition or adverse soil community composition). A key question is what manageable factors prevent transition from degraded to restored ecosystems and what interventions are required for successful restoration(2,4). Experiments have shown that the soil community is an important driver of plant community development(5-8), suggesting that manipulation of the soil community is key to successful restoration of terrestrial ecosystems(3,9). Here we examine a large-scale, six-year-old field experiment on ex-arable land and show that application of soil inocula not only promotes ecosystem restoration, but that different origins of soil inocula can steer the plant community development towards different target communities, varying from grassland to heathland vegetation. The impact of soil inoculation on plant and soil community composition was most pronounced when the topsoil layer was removed, whereas effects were less strong, but still significant, when the soil inocula were introduced into intact topsoil. Therefore, soil inoculation is a powerful tool to both restore disturbed terrestrial ecosystems and steer plant community development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Jasper Wubs
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), PO Box 8123, 6700 ES Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), PO Box 8123, 6700 ES Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Machiel Bosch
- Vereniging Natuurmonumenten, District Zuid-West Veluwe, Planken Wambuisweg 1a, 6718 SP Ede, The Netherlands
| | - T Martijn Bezemer
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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