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Vido JJ, Wang X, Sale PWG, Celestina C, Shindler AE, Hayden HL, Tang C, Wood JL, Franks AE. Bacterial community shifts occur primarily through rhizosphere expansion in response to subsoil amendments. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16587. [PMID: 38454741 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
To comprehensively evaluate the impact of agricultural management practices on soil productivity, it is imperative to conduct a thorough analysis of soil bacterial ecology. Deep-banding nutrient-rich amendments is a soil management practice that aims to improve plant growth and soil structure by addressing the plant-growth constraints posed by dense-clay subsoils. However, the response of bacterial communities to deep-banded amendments has not been thoroughly studied. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a controlled-environment column experiment to examine the effects of different types of soil amendments (poultry litter, wheat straw + chemical fertiliser and chemical fertiliser alone) on bacterial taxonomic composition in simulated dense-clay subsoils. We evaluated the bacterial taxonomic and ecological group composition in soils beside and below the amendment using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and robust statistical methods. Our results indicate that deep-banded amendments alter bacterial communities through direct and indirect mechanisms. All amendments directly facilitated a shift in bacterial communities in the absence of growing wheat. However, a combination of amendments with growing wheat led to a more pronounced bacterial community shift which was distinct from and eclipsed the direct impact of the amendments and plants alone. This indirect mechanism was evidenced to be mediated primarily by plant growth and hypothesised to result from an enhancement in wheat root distribution, density and rhizodeposition changes. Therefore, we propose that subsoil amendments regardless of type facilitated an expansion in the rhizosphere which engineered a substantial plant-mediated bacterial community response within the simulated dense-clay subsoils. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of considering the complex and synergistic interactions between soil physicochemical properties, plant growth and bacterial communities when assessing agricultural management strategies for improving soil and plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Vido
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio the Centre for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- School of Agriculture Food, and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter W G Sale
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio the Centre for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Corinne Celestina
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio the Centre for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- School of Agriculture Food, and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anya E Shindler
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Helen L Hayden
- School of Agriculture Food, and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio the Centre for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Wood
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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Gore R, Mohsenipour M, Wood JL, Balasuriya GK, Hill-Yardin EL, Franks AE. Hyperimmune bovine colostrum containing lipopolysaccharide antibodies (IMM124-E) has a nondetrimental effect on gut microbial communities in unchallenged mice. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0009723. [PMID: 37830823 PMCID: PMC10652967 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00097-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of bacterial diarrhea with the potential to cause long-term gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Preventative treatments for ETEC-induced diarrhea exist, yet the effects of these treatments on GI commensals in healthy individuals are unclear. Whether administration of a prophylactic preventative treatment for ETEC-induced diarrhea causes specific shifts in gut microbial populations in controlled environments is also unknown. Here, we studied the effects of a hyperimmune bovine colostrum (IMM-124E) used in the manufacture of Travelan (AUST L 106709) on GI bacteria in healthy C57BL/6 mice. Using next-generation sequencing, we aimed to test the onset and magnitude of potential changes to the mouse gut microbiome in response to the antidiarrheagenic hyperimmune bovine colostrum product, rich in immunoglobulins against select ETEC strains (Travelan, Immuron Ltd). We show that in mice administered colostrum containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibodies, there was an increased abundance of potentially gut-beneficial bacteria, such as Akkermansia and Desulfovibrio, without disrupting the underlying ecology of the GI tract. Compared to controls, there was no difference in overall weight gain, body or cecal weights, or small intestine length following LPS antibody colostrum supplementation. Overall, dietary supplementation with colostrum containing LPS antibodies produced subtle alterations in the gut bacterial composition of mice. Primarily, Travelan LPS antibody treatment decreased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in gut microbial populations in unchallenged healthy mice. Further studies are required to examine the effect of Travelan LPS antibody treatment to engineer the microbiome in a diseased state and during recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Gore
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mitra Mohsenipour
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Wood
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gayathri K. Balasuriya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Elisa L. Hill-Yardin
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley E. Franks
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Wood JL, Malik AA, Greening C, Green PT, McGeoch M, Franks AE. Rethinking CSR theory to incorporate microbial metabolic diversity and foraging traits. ISME J 2023; 17:1793-1797. [PMID: 37596410 PMCID: PMC10579239 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Wood
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - A A Malik
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - C Greening
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - P T Green
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M McGeoch
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A E Franks
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Gray TJ, Allmond JM, Xu Z, King TT, Lubna RS, Crawford HL, Tripathi V, Crider BP, Grzywacz R, Liddick SN, Macchiavelli AO, Miyagi T, Poves A, Andalib A, Argo E, Benetti C, Bhattacharya S, Campbell CM, Carpenter MP, Chan J, Chester A, Christie J, Clark BR, Cox I, Doetsch AA, Dopfer J, Duarte JG, Fallon P, Frotscher A, Gaballah T, Harke JT, Heideman J, Huegen H, Holt JD, Jain R, Kitamura N, Kolos K, Kondev FG, Laminack A, Longfellow B, Luitel S, Madurga M, Mahajan R, Mogannam MJ, Morse C, Neupane S, Nowicki A, Ogunbeku TH, Ong WJ, Porzio C, Prokop CJ, Rasco BC, Ronning EK, Rubino E, Ruland TJ, Rykaczewski KP, Schaedig L, Seweryniak D, Siegl K, Singh M, Stuchbery AE, Tabor SL, Tang TL, Wheeler T, Winger JA, Wood JL. Microsecond Isomer at the N=20 Island of Shape Inversion Observed at FRIB. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:242501. [PMID: 37390416 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.242501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state spectroscopy from the first experiment at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) is reported. A 24(2)-μs isomer was observed with the FRIB Decay Station initiator (FDSi) through a cascade of 224- and 401-keV γ rays in coincidence with ^{32}Na nuclei. This is the only known microsecond isomer (1 μs≤T_{1/2}<1 ms) in the region. This nucleus is at the heart of the N=20 island of shape inversion and is at the crossroads of the spherical shell-model, deformed shell-model, and ab initio theories. It can be represented as the coupling of a proton hole and neutron particle to ^{32}Mg, ^{32}Mg+π^{-1}+ν^{+1}. This odd-odd coupling and isomer formation provides a sensitive measure of the underlying shape degrees of freedom of ^{32}Mg, where the onset of spherical-to-deformed shape inversion begins with a low-lying deformed 2^{+} state at 885 keV and a low-lying shape-coexisting 0_{2}^{+} state at 1058 keV. We suggest two possible explanations for the 625-keV isomer in ^{32}Na: a 6^{-} spherical shape isomer that decays by E2 or a 0^{+} deformed spin isomer that decays by M2. The present results and calculations are most consistent with the latter, indicating that the low-lying states are dominated by deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Gray
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J M Allmond
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Z Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, USA
| | - T T King
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - R S Lubna
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H L Crawford
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V Tripathi
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - B P Crider
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - R Grzywacz
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, USA
| | - S N Liddick
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A O Macchiavelli
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - T Miyagi
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Poves
- Departamento de Fìsica Teórica and IFT-UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Andalib
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E Argo
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Benetti
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - S Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - C M Campbell
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M P Carpenter
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Chan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, USA
| | - A Chester
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Christie
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, USA
| | - B R Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - I Cox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, USA
| | - A A Doetsch
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Dopfer
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J G Duarte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Fallon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Frotscher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - T Gaballah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - J T Harke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Heideman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, USA
| | - H Huegen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, USA
| | - J D Holt
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec City H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - R Jain
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N Kitamura
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, USA
| | - K Kolos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F G Kondev
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Laminack
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - B Longfellow
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Luitel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - M Madurga
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, USA
| | - R Mahajan
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M J Mogannam
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Morse
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - S Neupane
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, USA
| | - A Nowicki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, USA
| | - T H Ogunbeku
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - W-J Ong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Porzio
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C J Prokop
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B C Rasco
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - E K Ronning
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E Rubino
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T J Ruland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K P Rykaczewski
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - L Schaedig
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Seweryniak
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K Siegl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, USA
| | - M Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, USA
| | - A E Stuchbery
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Accelerator Applications, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - S L Tabor
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - T L Tang
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - T Wheeler
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J A Winger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - J L Wood
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, USA
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Duffley G, Szabo A, Lutz BJ, Mahoney-Rafferty EC, Hess CW, Ramirez-Zamora A, Zeilman P, Foote KD, Chiu S, Pourfar MH, Goas Cnp C, Wood JL, Haq IU, Siddiqui MS, Afshari M, Heiry M, Choi J, Volz M, Ostrem JL, San Luciano M, Niemann N, Billnitzer A, Savitt D, Tarakad A, Jimenez-Shahed J, Aquino CC, Okun MS, Butson CR. Interactive mobile application for Parkinson's disease deep brain stimulation (MAP DBS): An open-label, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 109:105346. [PMID: 36966051 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), but its efficacy is tied to DBS programming, which is often time consuming and burdensome for patients, caregivers, and clinicians. Our aim is to test whether the Mobile Application for PD DBS (MAP DBS), a clinical decision support system, can improve programming. METHODS We conducted an open-label, 1:1 randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial comparing six months of SOC standard of care (SOC) to six months of MAP DBS-aided programming. We enrolled patients between 30 and 80 years old who received DBS to treat idiopathic PD at six expert centers across the United States. The primary outcome was time spent DBS programming and secondary outcomes measured changes in motor symptoms, caregiver strain and medication requirements. RESULTS We found a significant reduction in initial visit time (SOC: 43.8 ± 28.9 min n = 37, MAP DBS: 27.4 ± 13.0 min n = 35, p = 0.001). We did not find a significant difference in total programming time between the groups over the 6-month study duration. MAP DBS-aided patients experienced a significantly larger reduction in UPDRS III on-medication scores (-7.0 ± 7.9) compared to SOC (-2.7 ± 6.9, p = 0.01) at six months. CONCLUSION MAP DBS was well tolerated and improves key aspects of DBS programming time and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Duffley
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Aniko Szabo
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Barbara J Lutz
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina-Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Emily C Mahoney-Rafferty
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher W Hess
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pamela Zeilman
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kelly D Foote
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shannon Chiu
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael H Pourfar
- Center for Neuromodulation, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clarisse Goas Cnp
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L Wood
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ihtsham U Haq
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mustafa S Siddiqui
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mitra Afshari
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Section of Movement Disorders, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melissa Heiry
- Weill Institute of Neurosciences, UCSF Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Choi
- Weill Institute of Neurosciences, UCSF Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monica Volz
- Weill Institute of Neurosciences, UCSF Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jill L Ostrem
- Weill Institute of Neurosciences, UCSF Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marta San Luciano
- Weill Institute of Neurosciences, UCSF Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicki Niemann
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew Billnitzer
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Savitt
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arjun Tarakad
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joohi Jimenez-Shahed
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camila C Aquino
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael S Okun
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher R Butson
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Departments of Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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McKinnon AC, Collins L, Wood JL, Murphy N, Franks AE, Steinbauer MJ. Precision Monitoring of Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Activity and Pollen Diversity during Pollination to Evaluate Colony Health. Insects 2023; 14:95. [PMID: 36662023 PMCID: PMC9865544 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Certain crops depend upon pollination services for fruit set, and, of these, almonds are of high value for Australia. Stressors, such as diseases, parasites, pesticides, and nutrition, can contribute to honey bee Apis mellifera L. colony decline, thereby reducing bee activity and pollination efficiency. In Australia, field studies are required to monitor honey bee health and to ascertain whether factors associated with colony decline are impacting hives. We monitored honey bee colonies during and after pollination services of almond. Video surveillance technology was used to quantify bee activity, and bee-collected pollen was periodically tested for pesticide residues. Plant species diversity was also assessed using DNA metabarcoding of the pollen. Results showed that bee activity increased in almond but not in bushland. Residues detected included four fungicides, although the quantities were of low risk of oral toxicity to bees. Floral diversity was lower in the pollen collected by bees from almonds compared to bushland. However, diversity was higher at the onset and conclusion of the almond bloom, suggesting that bees foraged more widely when availability was low. Our findings suggest that commercial almond orchards may sustain healthier bee colonies compared to bushland in early spring, although the magnitude of the benefit is likely landscape-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee C. McKinnon
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Luke Collins
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Nick Murphy
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Ashley E. Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Martin J. Steinbauer
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
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7
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Alamoudi MU, Hosie S, Shindler AE, Wood JL, Franks AE, Hill-Yardin EL. Comparing the Gut Microbiome in Autism and Preclinical Models: A Systematic Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:905841. [PMID: 35846755 PMCID: PMC9286068 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.905841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and show microbial dysbiosis. Variation in gut microbial populations is associated with increased risk for GI symptoms such as chronic constipation and diarrhoea, which decrease quality of life. Several preclinical models of autism also demonstrate microbial dysbiosis. Given that much pre-clinical research is conducted in mouse models, it is important to understand the similarities and differences between the gut microbiome in humans and these models in the context of autism. We conducted a systematic review of the literature using PubMed, ProQuest and Scopus databases to compare microbiome profiles of patients with autism and transgenic (NL3R451C, Shank3 KO, 15q dup), phenotype-first (BTBR) and environmental (Poly I:C, Maternal Inflammation Activation (MIA), valproate) mouse models of autism. Overall, we report changes in fecal microbial communities relevant to ASD based on both clinical and preclinical studies. Here, we identify an overlapping cluster of genera that are modified in both fecal samples from individuals with ASD and mouse models of autism. Specifically, we describe an increased abundance of Bilophila, Clostridium, Dorea and Lactobacillus and a decrease in Blautia genera in both humans and rodents relevant to this disorder. Studies in both humans and mice highlighted multidirectional changes in abundance (i.e. in some cases increased abundance whereas other reports showed decreases) for several genera including Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Parabacteroides and Prevotella, suggesting that these genera may be susceptible to modification in autism. Identification of these microbial profiles may assist in characterising underlying biological mechanisms involving host-microbe interactions and provide future therapeutic targets for improving gut health in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed U. Alamoudi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzanne Hosie
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Anya E. Shindler
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Wood
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley E. Franks
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Elisa L. Hill-Yardin
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Elisa L. Hill-Yardin,
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8
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Thompson AA, Wood JL, Palombo EA, Green WK, Wade SA. From laboratory tests to field trials: a review of cathodic protection and microbially influenced corrosion. Biofouling 2022; 38:298-320. [PMID: 35361009 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2058395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cathodic protection (CP), an electrochemical method for managing corrosion, is widely used in many industries in both marine and buried environments. However, literature surrounding cathodic protection and its ability to prevent microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) is mixed. This review describes the mechanics of CP, how CP may influence MIC, and collates and summarises tests on CP and MIC reported in literature. The aim of the review is to identify any trends and knowledge gaps requiring further study. While the outcomes of CP testing are generally mixed, some trends can be seen and, overall, MIC is detrimental to the protective effects of CP, with CP being less effective when used according to current international standards. Tests conducted in the field or with mix communities of microbes showed that CP could be effective at preventing MIC, while tests with sulfate-reducing bacteria generally proved CP to be highly ineffective. It was commonly seen that the effectiveness of CP can be improved by increasing polarization, to potentials as low as -1000 mV (Ag/AgCl). However, a balance does need to be met via careful monitoring to ensure negative side effects of over protection do not become a major problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Thompson
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J L Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - E A Palombo
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - W K Green
- Vinsi Partners Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S A Wade
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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9
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Krohn C, Zhang P, Wood JL, Hayden HL, Franks AE, Jin J, Tang C. Biochar reduced extractable dieldrin concentrations and promoted oligotrophic growth including microbial degraders of chlorinated pollutants. J Hazard Mater 2022; 423:127156. [PMID: 34544006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of organic amendments for natural degradation of aged persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in agricultural soils remains controversial. We hypothesised that organic amendments enhance bacterial activity and function at the community level, facilitating the degradation of aged POPs. An incubation study was conducted in a closed chamber over 12 months to assess the effects of selected organic amendments on extractable residues of aged dieldrin. The role of bacterial diversity and changes in community function was explored through sequenced marker genes. Linear mixed effect models indicated that, independent of amendment type, cumulative CO2 release was negatively associated with decreases in dieldrin concentration, by up to 7% per µmol CO2-C respired by microorganisms. The addition of poultry litter led to the highest daily carbon mineralisation, which was associated with low dieldrin dissipation after 9 months. In comparison, biochar resulted in significant decreases in extractable dieldrin residues over time, which coincided with shifts towards aerobic, oligotrophic, gram-negative bacteria, some with dehalogenation metabolism, and with increased potentials for biosynthesis of membrane components such as fatty acids and high redox quinones. The results supported an alternative theory that labile carbon promoted blooms of copiotrophic growth, which suppressed the required community-level traits and oligotrophic diversity to degrade chlorinated pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krohn
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioScience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Pei Zhang
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Helen L Hayden
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Centre for AgriBioscience Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioScience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioScience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
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10
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Jin J, Krohn C, Franks AE, Wang X, Wood JL, Petrovski S, McCaskill M, Batinovic S, Xie Z, Tang C. Elevated atmospheric CO 2 alters the microbial community composition and metabolic potential to mineralize organic phosphorus in the rhizosphere of wheat. Microbiome 2022; 10:12. [PMID: 35074003 PMCID: PMC8785599 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01203-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) impacts on phosphorus (P) transformation in plant rhizosphere is critical for maintaining ecological sustainability in response to climate change, especially in agricultural systems where soil P availability is low. METHODS This study used rhizoboxes to physically separate rhizosphere regions (plant root-soil interface) into 1.5-mm segments. Wheat plants were grown in rhizoboxes under eCO2 (800 ppm) and ambient CO2 (400 ppm) in two farming soils, Chromosol and Vertosol, supplemented with phytate (organic P). Photosynthetic carbon flow in the plant-soil continuum was traced with 13CO2 labeling. Amplicon sequencing was performed on the rhizosphere-associated microbial community in the root-growth zone, and 1.5 mm and 3 mm away from the root. RESULTS Elevated CO2 accelerated the mineralization of phytate in the rhizosphere zones, which corresponded with increases in plant-derived 13C enrichment and the relative abundances of discreet phylogenetic clades containing Bacteroidetes and Gemmatimonadetes in the bacterial community, and Funneliformis affiliated to arbuscular mycorrhizas in the fungal community. Although the amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) associated the stimulation of phytate mineralization under eCO2 differed between the two soils, these ASVs belonged to the same phyla associated with phytase and phosphatase production. The symbiotic mycorrhizas in the rhizosphere of wheat under eCO2 benefited from increased plant C supply and increased P access from soil. Further supportive evidence was the eCO2-induced increase in the genetic pool expressing the pentose phosphate pathway, which is the central pathway for biosynthesis of RNA/DNA precursors. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that an increased belowground carbon flow under eCO2 stimulated bacterial growth, changing community composition in favor of phylotypes capable of degrading aromatic P compounds. It is proposed that energy investments by bacteria into anabolic processes increase under eCO2 to level microbial P-use efficiencies and that synergies with symbiotic mycorrhizas further enhance the competition for and mineralization of organic P. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jin
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Christian Krohn
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Steve Petrovski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Malcolm McCaskill
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Victoria, 3300, Hamilton, Australia
| | - Steven Batinovic
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Zhihuang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
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11
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Chen YJ, Leung PM, Wood JL, Bay SK, Hugenholtz P, Kessler AJ, Shelley G, Waite DW, Franks AE, Cook PLM, Greening C. Metabolic flexibility allows bacterial habitat generalists to become dominant in a frequently disturbed ecosystem. ISME J 2021; 15:2986-3004. [PMID: 33941890 PMCID: PMC8443593 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ecological theory suggests that habitat disturbance differentially influences distributions of habitat generalist and specialist species. While well-established for macroorganisms, this theory has rarely been explored for microorganisms. Here we tested these principles in permeable (sandy) sediments, ecosystems with much spatiotemporal variation in resource availability and physicochemical conditions. Microbial community composition and function were profiled in intertidal and subtidal sediments using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomics, yielding 135 metagenome-assembled genomes. Community composition and metabolic traits modestly varied with sediment depth and sampling date. Several taxa were highly abundant and prevalent in all samples, including within the orders Woeseiales and Flavobacteriales, and classified as habitat generalists; genome reconstructions indicate these taxa are highly metabolically flexible facultative anaerobes and adapt to resource variability by using different electron donors and acceptors. In contrast, obligately anaerobic taxa such as sulfate reducers and candidate lineage MBNT15 were less abundant overall and only thrived in more stable deeper sediments. We substantiated these findings by measuring three metabolic processes in these sediments; whereas the habitat generalist-associated processes of sulfide oxidation and fermentation occurred rapidly at all depths, the specialist-associated process of sulfate reduction was restricted to deeper sediments. A manipulative experiment also confirmed habitat generalists outcompete specialist taxa during simulated habitat disturbance. Together, these findings show metabolically flexible habitat generalists become dominant in highly dynamic environments, whereas metabolically constrained specialists are restricted to narrower niches. Thus, an ecological theory describing distribution patterns for macroorganisms likely extends to microorganisms. Such findings have broad ecological and biogeochemical ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jou Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Natural Resources Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Pok Man Leung
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean K Bay
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam J Kessler
- Water Studies Centre, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Guy Shelley
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David W Waite
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Perran L M Cook
- Water Studies Centre, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Chris Greening
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Contos P, Wood JL, Murphy NP, Gibb H. Rewilding with invertebrates and microbes to restore ecosystems: Present trends and future directions. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7187-7200. [PMID: 34188805 PMCID: PMC8216958 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration ecology has historically focused on reconstructing communities of highly visible taxa while less visible taxa, such as invertebrates and microbes, are ignored. This is problematic as invertebrates and microbes make up the vast bulk of biodiversity and drive many key ecosystem processes, yet they are rarely actively reintroduced following restoration, potentially limiting ecosystem function and biodiversity in these areas.In this review, we discuss the current (limited) incorporation of invertebrates and microbes in restoration and rewilding projects. We argue that these groups should be actively rewilded during restoration to improve biodiversity, ecosystem function outcomes, and highlight how they can be used to greater effect in the future. For example, invertebrates and microbes are easily manipulated, meaning whole communities can potentially be rewilded through habitat transplants in a practice that we refer to as "whole-of-community" rewilding.We provide a framework for whole-of-community rewilding and describe empirical case studies as practical applications of this under-researched restoration tool that land managers can use to improve restoration outcomes.We hope this new perspective on whole-of-community restoration will promote applied research into restoration that incorporates all biota, irrespective of size, while also enabling a better understanding of fundamental ecological theory, such as colonization and competition trade-offs. This may be a necessary consideration as invertebrates that are important in providing ecosystem services are declining globally; targeting invertebrate communities during restoration may be crucial in stemming this decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Contos
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Evolution, and Centre for Future LandscapesSchool of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Wood
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Evolution, and Centre for Future LandscapesSchool of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Nicholas P. Murphy
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Evolution, and Centre for Future LandscapesSchool of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Heloise Gibb
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Evolution, and Centre for Future LandscapesSchool of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
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13
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Krohn C, Jin J, Wood JL, Hayden HL, Kitching M, Ryan J, Fabijański P, Franks AE, Tang C. Highly decomposed organic carbon mediates the assembly of soil communities with traits for the biodegradation of chlorinated pollutants. J Hazard Mater 2021; 404:124077. [PMID: 33053475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To improve biodegradation strategies for chlorinated pollutants, the roles of soil organic matter and microbial function need to be clarified. It was hypothesised that microbial degradation of specific organic fractions in soils enhance community metabolic capability to degrade chlorinated pollutants. This field study used historic records of dieldrin concentrations since 1988 and established relationships between dieldrin dissipation and soil carbon fractions together with bacterial and fungal diversity in surface soils of Kurosol and Chromosol. Sparse partial least squares analysis linked dieldrin dissipation to metabolic activities associated with the highly decomposed carbon fraction. Dieldrin dissipation, after three decades of natural attenuation, was associated with increased bacterial species fitness for the decomposition of recalcitrant carbon substrates including synthetic chlorinated pollutants. These metabolic capabilities were linked to the decomposed carbon fraction, an important driver for the microbial community and function. Common bacterial traits among taxonomic groups enriched in samples with high dieldrin dissipation included their slow growth, large genome and complex metabolism which supported the notion that metabolic strategies for dieldrin degradation evolved in an energy-low soil environment. The findings provide new perspectives for bioremediation strategies and suggest that soil management should aim at stimulating metabolism at the decomposed, fine carbon fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krohn
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia.
| | - Jennifer L Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia; Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Helen L Hayden
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Centre for AgriBioScience, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia
| | - Matt Kitching
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Macleod, Vic 3085, Australia
| | - John Ryan
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Wangaratta, Vic 3677, Australia
| | - Piotr Fabijański
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Ellinbank, Vic 3821, Australia
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia; Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia.
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14
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Guzman CE, Wood JL, Egidi E, White-Monsant AC, Semenec L, Grommen SVH, Hill-Yardin EL, De Groef B, Franks AE. A pioneer calf foetus microbiome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17712. [PMID: 33077862 PMCID: PMC7572361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Foetus sterility until parturition is under debate due to reports of microorganisms in the foetal environment and meconium. Sufficient controls to overcome sample contamination and provide direct evidence of microorganism viability in the pre-rectal gastrointestinal tract (GIT) have been lacking. We conducted molecular and culture-based analyses to investigate the presence of a microbiome in the foetal GIT of calves at 5, 6 and 7 months gestation, while controlling for contamination. The 5 components of the GIT (ruminal fluid, ruminal tissue, caecal fluid, caecal tissue and meconium) and amniotic fluid were found to contain a pioneer microbiome of distinct bacterial and archaeal communities. Bacterial and archaeal richness varied between GIT components. The dominant bacterial phyla in amniotic fluid differed to those in ruminal and caecal fluids and meconium. The lowest bacterial and archaeal abundances were associated with ruminal tissues. Viable bacteria unique to the ruminal fluids, which were not found in the controls from 5, 6 and 7 months gestation, were cultured, subcultured, sequenced and identified. We report that the foetal GIT is not sterile but is spatially colonised before birth by a pioneer microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar E Guzman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Eleonora Egidi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Alison C White-Monsant
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for Agribiosciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Lucie Semenec
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Sylvia V H Grommen
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Elisa L Hill-Yardin
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Clements Drive, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Bert De Groef
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia. .,Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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15
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Dytrych T, Launey KD, Draayer JP, Rowe DJ, Wood JL, Rosensteel G, Bahri C, Langr D, Baker RB. Physics of Nuclei: Key Role of an Emergent Symmetry. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:042501. [PMID: 32058774 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.042501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show through first-principles nuclear structure calculations that the special nature of the strong nuclear force determines highly regular patterns heretofore unrecognized in nuclei that can be tied to an emergent approximate symmetry. This symmetry is ubiquitous and mathematically tracks with a symplectic symmetry group. This, in turn, has important implications for understanding the physics of nuclei: we find that nuclei are made of only a few equilibrium shapes, deformed or not, with associated vibrations and rotations. It also opens the path for ab initio large-scale modeling of open-shell intermediate-mass nuclei without the need for renormalized interactions and effective charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dytrych
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - K D Launey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - J P Draayer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - D J Rowe
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - J L Wood
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - G Rosensteel
- Physics Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - C Bahri
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - D Langr
- Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, 16000 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - R B Baker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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16
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Mathews ER, Wood JL, Phillips D, Billington N, Barnett D, Franks AE. Town-scale microbial sewer community and H 2S emissions response to common chemical and biological dosing treatments. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 87:133-148. [PMID: 31791487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlling hydrogen sulfide (H2S) odors and emissions using a single, effective treatment across a town-scale sewer network is a challenge faced by many water utilities. Implementation of a sewer diversion provided the opportunity to compare the effectiveness of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and two biological dosing compounds (Bioproducts A and B), with different modes of action (MOA), in a field-test across a large sewer network. Mg(OH)2 increases sewer pH allowing suppression of H2S release into the sewer environment while Bioproduct A acts to disrupt microbial communication through quorum sensing (QS), reducing biofilm integrity. Bioproduct B reduces H2S odors by scouring the sewer of fats, oils and grease (FOGs), which provide adhesion points for the microbial biofilm. Results revealed that only Mg(OH)2 altered the microbial community structure and reduced H2S emissions in a live sewer system, whilst Bioproducts A and B did not reduce H2S emissions or have an observable effect on the composition of the microbial community at the dosed site. Study results recommend in situ testing of dosing treatments before implementation across an operational system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Mathews
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
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17
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Mahizir D, Briffa JF, Wood JL, Anevska K, Hill-Yardin EL, Jefferies AJ, Gravina S, Mazzarino G, Franks AE, Moritz KM, Wadley GD, Wlodek ME. Exercise improves metabolic function and alters the microbiome in rats with gestational diabetes. FASEB J 2019; 34:1728-1744. [PMID: 31914625 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901424r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication, particularly prevalent in obese women. Importantly, exercise has beneficial impacts on maternal glucose control and may prevent GDM in "at-risk" women. We aimed to determine whether a high-fat diet (HFD) exacerbates metabolic dysfunction and alters gut microbiome in GDM and whether endurance exercise prevents these changes. Uteroplacental insufficiency was induced by bilateral uterine vessel ligation (Restricted) or sham (Control) surgery on E18 in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Female offspring were fed a Chow or HFD (23% fat) from weaning (5 weeks) and at 16 weeks randomly allocated to remain Sedentary or to an exercise protocol of either Exercise prior to and during pregnancy (Exercise); or Exercise during pregnancy only (PregEx). Females were mated (20 weeks) and underwent indirect calorimetry (embryonic day 16; E16), glucose tolerance testing (E18), followed by 24-hr feces collection at E19 (n = 8-10/group). HFD consumption in female rats with GDM exacerbated the adverse metabolic adaptations to pregnancy and altered gut microbial populations. Specifically, the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio was increased, due to an underlying change in abundance of the orders Clostridiales and Bacteroidales. Maternal Exercise, but not PregEx, prevented the development of metabolic dysfunction, increased pancreatic β-cell mass, and prevented the alteration of the gut microbiome in GDM females. Our findings suggest that maternal exercise and diet influence metabolic and microbiome dysfunction in females with GDM, which may impact long-term maternal and offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Mahizir
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica F Briffa
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristina Anevska
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Elisa L Hill-Yardin
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Jefferies
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sogand Gravina
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gisella Mazzarino
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen M Moritz
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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18
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Garrett PE, Rodríguez TR, Varela AD, Green KL, Bangay J, Finlay A, Austin RAE, Ball GC, Bandyopadhyay DS, Bildstein V, Colosimo S, Cross DS, Demand GA, Finlay P, Garnsworthy AB, Grinyer GF, Hackman G, Jigmeddorj B, Jolie J, Kulp WD, Leach KG, Morton AC, Orce JN, Pearson CJ, Phillips AA, Radich AJ, Rand ET, Schumaker MA, Svensson CE, Sumithrarachchi C, Triambak S, Warr N, Wong J, Wood JL, Yates SW. Multiple Shape Coexistence in ^{110,112}Cd. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:142502. [PMID: 31702191 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.142502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
From detailed spectroscopy of ^{110}Cd and ^{112}Cd following the β^{+}/electron-capture decay of ^{110,112}In and the β^{-} decay of ^{112}Ag, very weak decay branches from nonyrast states are observed. The transition rates determined from the measured branching ratios and level lifetimes obtained with the Doppler-shift attenuation method following inelastic neutron scattering reveal collective enhancements that are suggestive of a series of rotational bands. In ^{110}Cd, a γ band built on the shape-coexisting intruder configuration is suggested. For ^{112}Cd, the 2^{+} and 3^{+} intruder γ-band members are suggested, the 0_{3}^{+} band is extended to spin 4^{+}, and the 0_{4}^{+} band is identified. The results are interpreted using beyond-mean-field calculations employing the symmetry conserving configuration mixing method with the Gogny D1S energy density functional and with the suggestion that the Cd isotopes exhibit multiple shape coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Garrett
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, P/B X17, Bellville ZA-7535, South Africa
| | - T R Rodríguez
- Departamento de Física Teórica and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Diaz Varela
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - K L Green
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - J Bangay
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - A Finlay
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - R A E Austin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, St. Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H3C3, Canada
| | - G C Ball
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - D S Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - V Bildstein
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - S Colosimo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, St. Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H3C3, Canada
| | - D S Cross
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A1S6, Canada
| | - G A Demand
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - P Finlay
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - A B Garnsworthy
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - G F Grinyer
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S0A2, Canada
| | - G Hackman
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - B Jigmeddorj
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - J Jolie
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicherstrasse 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - W D Kulp
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency, 8725 John J Kingman Road, Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060-6217, USA
| | - K G Leach
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - A C Morton
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - J N Orce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, P/B X17, Bellville ZA-7535, South Africa
| | - C J Pearson
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - A A Phillips
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - A J Radich
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - E T Rand
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - M A Schumaker
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - C E Svensson
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - C Sumithrarachchi
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - S Triambak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, P/B X17, Bellville ZA-7535, South Africa
| | - N Warr
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicherstrasse 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - J Wong
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - J L Wood
- Department of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - S W Yates
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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19
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Celestina C, Wood JL, Manson JB, Wang X, Sale PWG, Tang C, Franks AE. Microbial communities in top- and subsoil of repacked soil columns respond differently to amendments but their diversity is negatively correlated with plant productivity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8890. [PMID: 31222122 PMCID: PMC6586782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic and inorganic amendments with equivalent nutrient content may have comparable fertilizer effects on crop yield, but their effects on the soil microbial community and subsequent plant-soil-microbe interactions in this context are unknown. This experiment aimed to understand the relationship between soil microbial communities, soil physicochemical characteristics and crop performance after addition of amendments to soil. Poultry litter and synthetic fertilizer with balanced total nitrogen (N) content equivalent to 1,200 kg ha−1 were added to the topsoil (0–10 cm) or subsoil layer (20–30 cm) of repacked soil columns. Wheat plants were grown until maturity. Soil samples were taken at Zadoks 87–91 (76 days after sowing) for analysis of bacterial and fungal communities using 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing. The interaction between amendment type and placement depth had significant effects on bacterial and fungal community structure and diversity in the two soil layers. Addition of poultry litter and fertilizer stimulated or suppressed different taxa in the topsoil and subsoil leading to divergence of these layers from the untreated control. Both amendments reduced microbial community richness, diversity and evenness in the topsoil and subsoil compared to the nil-amendment control, with these reductions in diversity being consistently negatively correlated with plant biomass (root and shoot weight, root length, grain weight) and soil fertility (soil NH4+, shoot N). These results indicate that in this experimental system, the soil microbial diversity was correlated negatively with plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Celestina
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.,Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.,Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - James B Manson
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio the Centre for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio the Centre for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Peter W G Sale
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio the Centre for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio the Centre for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia. .,Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
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20
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Egidi E, Wood JL, Celestina C, May TW, Mele P, Edwards J, Powell J, Bissett A, Franks AE. Delving into the dark ecology: A continent-wide assessment of patterns of composition in soil fungal communities from Australian tussock grasslands. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Wood JL, Tang C, Franks AE. Competitive Traits Are More Important than Stress-Tolerance Traits in a Cadmium-Contaminated Rhizosphere: A Role for Trait Theory in Microbial Ecology. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:121. [PMID: 29483898 PMCID: PMC5816036 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how biotic and abiotic factors govern the assembly of rhizosphere-microbial communities is a long-standing goal in microbial ecology. In phytoremediation research, where plants are used to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils, a deeper understanding of rhizosphere-microbial ecology is needed to fully exploit the potential of microbial-assisted phytoremediation. This study investigated whether Grime's competitor/stress-tolerator/ruderal (CSR) theory could be used to describe the impact of cadmium (Cd) and the presence of a Cd-accumulating plant, Carpobrotus rossii (Haw.) Schwantes, on the assembly of soil-bacterial communities using Illumina 16S rRNA profiling and the predictive metagenomic-profiling program, PICRUSt. Using predictions based on CSR theory, we hypothesized that Cd and the presence of a rhizosphere would affect community assembly. We predicted that the additional resource availability in the rhizosphere would enrich for competitive life strategists, while the presence of Cd would select for stress-tolerators. Traits identified as competitive followed CSR predictions, discriminating between rhizosphere and bulk-soil communities whilst stress-tolerance traits increased with Cd dose, but only in bulk-soil communities. These findings suggest that a bacterium's competitive attributes are critical to its ability to occupy and proliferate in a Cd-contaminated rhizosphere. Ruderal traits, which relate to community re-colonization potential, were synergistically decreased by the presence of the rhizosphere and Cd dose. Taken together this microcosm study suggests that the CSR theory is broadly applicable to microbial communities. Further work toward developing a simplified and robust strategy for microbial CSR classification will provide an ecologically meaningful framework to interpret community-level changes across a range of biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Caixian Tang
- Center for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley E. Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
Ecology is the study of the interactions amongst organisms and their environment1. In microbial ecology, a major goal is to understand how environmental microbiomes impact ecosystem health and function. This desire to mechanistically link micro and macro processes is increasingly highlighting the importance of functional ecology, which aims to develop an understanding of relationships using functional traits, as opposed to species names. A functional trait may be any morphological or physiological trait that influences the performance or fitness of an individual in a given environment, such as regeneration time, size, antibiotic production or motility2. Although it is not possible to measure a given trait for each individual within an environmental microbiome, community-level functional traits can be derived from the community metagenome either directly via shotgun sequencing or predictively (for bacteria) from 16S rRNA profiles3. In understanding environmental microbiomes, functional traits have unique properties that can be utilised to (1) compare microbiomes using an ecological framework, (2) understand processes governing community assembly, and (3) build predictive ecological models.
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Hobley L, Li B, Wood JL, Kim SH, Naidoo J, Ferreira AS, Khomutov M, Khomutov A, Stanley-Wall NR, Michael AJ. Spermidine promotes Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation by activating expression of the matrix regulator slrR. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12041-12053. [PMID: 28546427 PMCID: PMC5519356 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.789644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitous polyamine spermidine is not required for normal planktonic growth of Bacillus subtilis but is essential for robust biofilm formation. However, the structural features of spermidine required for B. subtilis biofilm formation are unknown and so are the molecular mechanisms of spermidine-stimulated biofilm development. We report here that in a spermidine-deficient B. subtilis mutant, the structural analogue norspermidine, but not homospermidine, restored biofilm formation. Intracellular biosynthesis of another spermidine analogue, aminopropylcadaverine, from exogenously supplied homoagmatine also restored biofilm formation. The differential ability of C-methylated spermidine analogues to functionally replace spermidine in biofilm formation indicated that the aminopropyl moiety of spermidine is more sensitive to C-methylation, which it is essential for biofilm formation, but that the length and symmetry of the molecule is not critical. Transcriptomic analysis of a spermidine-depleted B. subtilis speD mutant uncovered a nitrogen-, methionine-, and S-adenosylmethionine-sufficiency response, resulting in repression of gene expression related to purine catabolism, methionine and S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis and methionine salvage, and signs of altered membrane status. Consistent with the spermidine requirement in biofilm formation, single-cell analysis of this mutant indicated reduced expression of the operons for production of the exopolysaccharide and TasA protein biofilm matrix components and SinR antagonist slrR. Deletion of sinR or ectopic expression of slrR in the spermidine-deficient ΔspeD background restored biofilm formation, indicating that spermidine is required for expression of the biofilm regulator slrR. Our results indicate that spermidine functions in biofilm development by activating transcription of the biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide and TasA operons through the regulator slrR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hobley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390; Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Jennifer L Wood
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sok Ho Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Jacinth Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Ana Sofia Ferreira
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Maxim Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nicola R Stanley-Wall
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Anthony J Michael
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390.
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24
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Liu W, Wang B, Wang Q, Hou J, Wu L, Wood JL, Luo Y, Franks AE. Characteristics of metal-tolerant plant growth-promoting yeast (Cryptococcus sp. NSE1) and its influence on Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:18621-18629. [PMID: 27306207 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting yeasts are often over looked as a mechanism to improve phytoremediation of heavy metals. In this study, Cryptococcus sp. NSE1, a Cd-tolerant yeast with plant growth capabilities, was isolated from the rhizosphere of the heavy metal hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola. The yeast exhibited strong tolerance to a range of heavy metals including Cd, Cu, and Zn on plate assays. The adsorption rate Cd, Cu, Zn by NSE1 was 26.1, 13.2, and 25.2 %, respectively. Irregular spines were formed on the surface of NSE1 when grown in MSM medium supplemented with 200 mg L(-1) Cd. NSE1 was capable of utilizing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) as a sole nitrogen source and was capable of solubilization of inorganic phosphate at rates of 195.2 mg L(-1). Field experiments demonstrated that NSE1 increased phytoremediation by increasing the biomass of Cd hyperaccumulator S. plumbizincicola (46 %, p < 0.05) during phytoremediation. Overall, Cd accumulation by S. plumbizincicola was increased from 19.6 to 31.1 mg m(-2) though no difference in the concentration of Cd in the shoot biomass was observed between NSE1 and control. A Cd accumulation ratio of 38.0 % for NSE1 and 17.2 % for control was observed. The HCl-extractable Cd and CaCl2-extractable Cd concentration in the soil of the NSE1 treatment were reduced by 39.2 and 29.5 %, respectively. Community-level physiology profiling, assessed using Biolog Eco plates, indicated functional changes to the rhizosphere community inoculated with NSE1 by average well color development (AWCD) and measurement of richness (diversity). Values of Shannon-Weiner index, Simpson index, and McIntosh index showed a slight but no significant increases. These results indicate that inoculation of NSE1 could increase the shoot biomass of S. plumbizincicola, enhance the Cd accumulation in S. plumbizincicola, and decrease the available heavy metal content in soils significantly without overall significant changes to the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Beibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jinyu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jennifer L Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
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Hadyńska-Klȩk K, Napiorkowski PJ, Zielińska M, Srebrny J, Maj A, Azaiez F, Valiente Dobón JJ, Kicińska-Habior M, Nowacki F, Naïdja H, Bounthong B, Rodríguez TR, de Angelis G, Abraham T, Anil Kumar G, Bazzacco D, Bellato M, Bortolato D, Bednarczyk P, Benzoni G, Berti L, Birkenbach B, Bruyneel B, Brambilla S, Camera F, Chavas J, Cederwall B, Charles L, Ciemała M, Cocconi P, Coleman-Smith P, Colombo A, Corsi A, Crespi FCL, Cullen DM, Czermak A, Désesquelles P, Doherty DT, Dulny B, Eberth J, Farnea E, Fornal B, Franchoo S, Gadea A, Giaz A, Gottardo A, Grave X, Grȩbosz J, Görgen A, Gulmini M, Habermann T, Hess H, Isocrate R, Iwanicki J, Jaworski G, Judson DS, Jungclaus A, Karkour N, Kmiecik M, Karpiński D, Kisieliński M, Kondratyev N, Korichi A, Komorowska M, Kowalczyk M, Korten W, Krzysiek M, Lehaut G, Leoni S, Ljungvall J, Lopez-Martens A, Lunardi S, Maron G, Mazurek K, Menegazzo R, Mengoni D, Merchán E, Mȩczyński W, Michelagnoli C, Mierzejewski J, Million B, Myalski S, Napoli DR, Nicolini R, Niikura M, Obertelli A, Özmen SF, Palacz M, Próchniak L, Pullia A, Quintana B, Rampazzo G, Recchia F, Redon N, Reiter P, Rosso D, Rusek K, Sahin E, Salsac MD, Söderström PA, Stefan I, Stézowski O, Styczeń J, Theisen C, Toniolo N, Ur CA, Vandone V, Wadsworth R, Wasilewska B, Wiens A, Wood JL, Wrzosek-Lipska K, Ziȩbliński M. Superdeformed and Triaxial States in ^{42}Ca. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:062501. [PMID: 27541463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Shape parameters of a weakly deformed ground-state band and highly deformed slightly triaxial sideband in ^{42}Ca were determined from E2 matrix elements measured in the first low-energy Coulomb excitation experiment performed with AGATA. The picture of two coexisting structures is well reproduced by new state-of-the-art large-scale shell model and beyond-mean-field calculations. Experimental evidence for superdeformation of the band built on 0_{2}^{+} has been obtained and the role of triaxiality in the A∼40 mass region is discussed. Furthermore, the potential of Coulomb excitation as a tool to study superdeformation has been demonstrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hadyńska-Klȩk
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, PL 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - P J Napiorkowski
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Zielińska
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- CEA Saclay, IRFU/SPhN, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Srebrny
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Maj
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - F Azaiez
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - J J Valiente Dobón
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università, 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - F Nowacki
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC/CNRS, UMR7178, 23 rue du Loess, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - H Naïdja
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC/CNRS, UMR7178, 23 rue du Loess, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- LPMS, Université Constantine 1, Route Ain-El bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - B Bounthong
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC/CNRS, UMR7178, 23 rue du Loess, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - T R Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Física Teórica, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - G de Angelis
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università, 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - T Abraham
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Anil Kumar
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - D Bazzacco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Bellato
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Bortolato
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Bednarczyk
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - G Benzoni
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Berti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università, 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - B Birkenbach
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - B Bruyneel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - S Brambilla
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Camera
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - J Chavas
- CEA Saclay, IRFU/SPhN, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Cederwall
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Charles
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC/CNRS, UMR7178, 23 rue du Loess, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Ciemała
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - P Cocconi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università, 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - P Coleman-Smith
- Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - A Colombo
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Corsi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F C L Crespi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D M Cullen
- Schuster Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Czermak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - P Désesquelles
- Université Paris-Sud, F-91400 Orsay, France
- Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM/IN2P3/CNRS), F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D T Doherty
- CEA Saclay, IRFU/SPhN, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Physics University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - B Dulny
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - J Eberth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - E Farnea
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - B Fornal
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Franchoo
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - A Gadea
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular IFIC, CSIC-University of Valencia, S-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Giaz
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A Gottardo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università, 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - X Grave
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - J Grȩbosz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - A Görgen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - M Gulmini
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università, 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - T Habermann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Hess
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - R Isocrate
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - J Iwanicki
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Jaworski
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D S Judson
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A Jungclaus
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Karkour
- Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM/IN2P3/CNRS), F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Kmiecik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - D Karpiński
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, PL 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Kisieliński
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Kondratyev
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions JINR, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - A Korichi
- Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM/IN2P3/CNRS), F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Komorowska
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, PL 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Kowalczyk
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Korten
- CEA Saclay, IRFU/SPhN, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Krzysiek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - G Lehaut
- Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Leoni
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - J Ljungvall
- Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM/IN2P3/CNRS), F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Lopez-Martens
- Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM/IN2P3/CNRS), F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - S Lunardi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Maron
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università, 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - K Mazurek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - R Menegazzo
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Mengoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - E Merchán
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W Mȩczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - C Michelagnoli
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - J Mierzejewski
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Million
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S Myalski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - D R Napoli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università, 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - R Nicolini
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Niikura
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - A Obertelli
- CEA Saclay, IRFU/SPhN, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S F Özmen
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Palacz
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Próchniak
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Pullia
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - B Quintana
- Laboratorio de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Departamento de Física Fundamental, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca,Spain
| | - G Rampazzo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università, 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - F Recchia
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - N Redon
- Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - P Reiter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - D Rosso
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università, 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - K Rusek
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Sahin
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università, 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - M-D Salsac
- CEA Saclay, IRFU/SPhN, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P-A Söderström
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Stefan
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - O Stézowski
- Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J Styczeń
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ch Theisen
- CEA Saclay, IRFU/SPhN, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N Toniolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università, 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - C A Ur
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - V Vandone
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R Wadsworth
- Department of Physics University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - B Wasilewska
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - A Wiens
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - J L Wood
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, USA
| | - K Wrzosek-Lipska
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Ziȩbliński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland
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L. Wood J, Liu W, Tang C, E. Franks A. Microorganisms in heavy metal bioremediation: strategies for applying microbial-community engineering to remediate soils. AIMS Bioengineering 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2016.2.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Mellanby RJ, Price J, Wooldridge L, Jonsson NN, Clegg PD, Emes RD, England G, Corr SA, Piercy RJ, Mulcahy G, Wood JL, Walker BR, Argyle DJ. Clinical research: developing an appropriate career structure. Vet Rec 2015; 177:544-7. [PMID: 26612910 DOI: 10.1136/vr.h6169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Mellanby
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG,
| | - J Price
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU
| | - L Wooldridge
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU
| | - N N Jonsson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH
| | - P D Clegg
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE
| | - R D Emes
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD
| | - G England
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD
| | - S A Corr
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD
| | - R J Piercy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
| | - G Mulcahy
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Sciences Centre, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J L Wood
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES
| | - B R Walker
- Edinburgh Clinical Academic Track Programme, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ
| | - D J Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG,
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Bree N, Wrzosek-Lipska K, Petts A, Andreyev A, Bastin B, Bender M, Blazhev A, Bruyneel B, Butler PA, Butterworth J, Carpenter MP, Cederkäll J, Clément E, Cocolios TE, Deacon A, Diriken J, Ekström A, Fitzpatrick C, Fraile LM, Fransen C, Freeman SJ, Gaffney LP, García-Ramos JE, Geibel K, Gernhäuser R, Grahn T, Guttormsen M, Hadinia B, Hadyńska-Kle K K, Hass M, Heenen PH, Herzberg RD, Hess H, Heyde K, Huyse M, Ivanov O, Jenkins DG, Julin R, Kesteloot N, Kröll T, Krücken R, Larsen AC, Lutter R, Marley P, Napiorkowski PJ, Orlandi R, Page RD, Pakarinen J, Patronis N, Peura PJ, Piselli E, Rahkila P, Rapisarda E, Reiter P, Robinson AP, Scheck M, Siem S, Singh Chakkal K, Smith JF, Srebrny J, Stefanescu I, Tveten GM, Van Duppen P, Van de Walle J, Voulot D, Warr N, Wenander F, Wiens A, Wood JL, Zielińska M. Shape coexistence in the neutron-deficient even-even (182-188)Hg isotopes studied via coulomb excitation. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:162701. [PMID: 24815644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.162701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coulomb-excitation experiments to study electromagnetic properties of radioactive even-even Hg isotopes were performed with 2.85 MeV/nucleon mercury beams from REX-ISOLDE. Magnitudes and relative signs of the reduced E2 matrix elements that couple the ground state and low-lying excited states in Hg182-188 were extracted. Information on the deformation of the ground and the first excited 0+ states was deduced using the quadrupole sum rules approach. Results show that the ground state is slightly deformed and of oblate nature, while a larger deformation for the excited 0+ state was noted in Hg182,184. The results are compared to beyond mean field and interacting-boson based models and interpreted within a two-state mixing model. Partial agreement with the model calculations was obtained. The presence of two different structures in the light even-mass mercury isotopes that coexist at low excitation energy is firmly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bree
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Wrzosek-Lipska
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Petts
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A Andreyev
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - B Bastin
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and GANIL CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, Boulevard H. Becquerel, F-14076 Caen, France
| | - M Bender
- Université Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France and CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France
| | - A Blazhev
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - B Bruyneel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - P A Butler
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J Butterworth
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - M P Carpenter
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Cederkäll
- Physics Department, University of Lund, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden and ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - E Clément
- GANIL CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, Boulevard H. Becquerel, F-14076 Caen, France and ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - T E Cocolios
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Deacon
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Diriken
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - A Ekström
- Physics Department, University of Lund, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - C Fitzpatrick
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L M Fraile
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland and Grupo de Física Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de Madrit, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ch Fransen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - S J Freeman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L P Gaffney
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J E García-Ramos
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - K Geibel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - R Gernhäuser
- Physics Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Grahn
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland and Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Guttormsen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - B Hadinia
- School of Engineering, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom and Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - K Hadyńska-Kle K
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Hass
- Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - P-H Heenen
- Physique Nucléaire Théorique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - R-D Herzberg
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - H Hess
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - K Heyde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M Huyse
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - O Ivanov
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - D G Jenkins
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - R Julin
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - N Kesteloot
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Th Kröll
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Krücken
- Physics Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A C Larsen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - R Lutter
- Department of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Marley
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - P J Napiorkowski
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Orlandi
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and School of Engineering, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - R D Page
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J Pakarinen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland and Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Patronis
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Department of Physics, The University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - P J Peura
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - E Piselli
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - P Rahkila
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - E Rapisarda
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - P Reiter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - A P Robinson
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M Scheck
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom and School of Engineering, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom and SUPA, Scottisch Universities Physics Alliance, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Siem
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - K Singh Chakkal
- Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - J F Smith
- School of Engineering, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - J Srebrny
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Stefanescu
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Physics Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G M Tveten
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - P Van Duppen
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - D Voulot
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - N Warr
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - F Wenander
- ISOLDE, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Wiens
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - J L Wood
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, USA
| | - M Zielińska
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland and IRFU/SPhN, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Chakraborty A, Peters EE, Crider BP, Andreoiu C, Bender PC, Cross DS, Demand GA, Garnsworthy AB, Garrett PE, Hackman G, Hadinia B, Ketelhut S, Kumar A, Leach KG, McEllistrem MT, Pore J, Prados-Estévez FM, Rand ET, Singh B, Tardiff ER, Wang ZM, Wood JL, Yates SW. Collective structure in 94Zr and subshell effects in shape coexistence. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:022504. [PMID: 23383898 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.022504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on results from a measurement of weak decay branches observed following the β- decay of 94Y and on lifetime data from a study of 94Zr by inelastic neutron scattering, collective structure is deduced in the closed-subshell nucleus 94Zr. These results establish shape coexistence in 94Zr. The role of subshells for nuclear collectivity is suggested to be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chakraborty
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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Garrett PE, Kulp WD, Wood JL, Bandyopadhyay D, Choudry S, Dashdorj D, Lesher SR, McEllistrem MT, Mynk M, Orce JN, Yates SW. New features of shape coexistence in ;{152}Sm. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:062501. [PMID: 19792555 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.062501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Excited states in ;{152}Sm have been investigated with the ;{152}Sm(n,n;{'}gamma) reaction. The lowest four negative-parity band structures have been characterized in detail with respect to their absolute decay properties. Specifically, a new K;{pi} = 0;{-} band has been assigned with its 1;{-} band head at 1681 keV. This newly observed band has a remarkable similarity in its E1 transition rates for decay to the first excited K;{pi} = 0;{+} band at 684 keV to the lowest K;{pi} = 0;{-} band and its decay to the ground-state band. Based on these decay properties, as well as energy considerations, this new band is assigned as a K;{pi} = 0;{-} octupole excitation based on the K;{pi} = 0_{2};{+} state. An emerging pattern of repeating excitations built on the 0_{2};{+} level similar to those built on the ground state may indicate that ;{152}Sm is a complex example of shape coexistence rather than a critical point nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Garrett
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1 Canada
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Rowe DJ, Thiamova G, Wood JL. Implications of deformation and shape coexistence for the nuclear shell model. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:202501. [PMID: 17155681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.202501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The successes of the nuclear shell model in explaining the stability properties of magic nuclei are challenged by the observation of rotational bands for which the sequential filling of single-particle energy levels of the spherical shell model are not respected. This Letter proposes criteria for identifying the shell-model configurations appropriate for describing such bands of states.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Rowe
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
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Heyde K, Fortunato L, Wood JL. Comment on "anomalously hindered E2 strength B(E2;2+1 --> 0+) in 16C". Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:199201; author reply 199202. [PMID: 16090225 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.199201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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Kulp WD, Wood JL, Krane KS, Loats J, Schmelzenbach P, Stapels CJ, Larimer RM, Norman EB. Low-energy coexisting band in 154Gd. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:102501. [PMID: 14525474 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A low-energy coexisting band Jpi (Ex keV) 0(+) (1182), 2(+) (1418), 4(+) (1701) is identified in the deformed nucleus, 154Gd. Detailed gamma-ray spectroscopy following the beta decays of 154Eu (J=3), (g,m(1),m(2))154Tb (J=0,3,7) is used to establish this structure. The structure is explained in terms of the pairing and deformation degrees of freedom, a "pairing isomer," which results from the nu[505] upward arrow Nilsson intruder orbital.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Kulp
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, USA
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Christley RM, Hodgson DR, Rose RJ, Wood JL, Reids SW, Whitear KG, Hodgson JL. A case-control study of respiratory disease in Thoroughbred racehorses in Sydney, Australia. Equine Vet J 2001; 33:256-64. [PMID: 11352347 DOI: 10.2746/042516401776249796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the role of infectious agents in the aetiology of lower respiratory tract disease in Thoroughbred racehorses, a matched case-control study was conducted. Cases were identified by the presence of coughing, and were compared to a control population matched on time of sample collection and location within the same training establishment. Tracheal wash samples were collected from 100 cases and 148 controls. Case horses were more likely than controls to have endoscopic and cytological evidence of airway inflammation. There was no significant association between serological evidence of infection by commonly implicated respiratory viruses and coughing. Similarly, mycoplasma were rarely isolated and were not associated with disease. In contrast, there was a strong association between isolation of greater than a total of 10(3) colony-forming units/ml of tracheal wash and coughing. Individual bacterial species associated with disease included Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus sanguis, Pasteurella spp and Bordetella bronchiseptica. This study provides evidence of the role of bacterial infection in the aetiology of lower respiratory tract inflammation in racehorses. However, in 58% of cases, few or no bacteria were isolated. Hence, at the time of identification of disease, there was no evidence of viral, bacterial or mycoplasmal infection in the majority of coughing horses. The aetiology of the signs observed in these horses requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Christley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
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Edwards DS, Wood JL. Canine health survey. Vet Rec 2001; 149:568. [PMID: 11720216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Abstract
We describe a short, enantioselective synthesis of the naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloid (+)-latifoline (1) employing a tandem [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement/[1,2] allyl shift as a key step in constructing (+)-latifolic acid (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Drutu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Williams RB, Harkins LS, Hammond CJ, Wood JL. Racehorse injuries, clinical problems and fatalities recorded on British racecourses from flat racing and National Hunt racing during 1996, 1997 and 1998. Equine Vet J 2001; 33:478-86. [PMID: 11558743 DOI: 10.2746/042516401776254808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
For improvements to the safety and welfare of racehorses to be possible, it is essential to have access to basic descriptive information about the veterinary incidents encountered during horseracing. A 3 year surveillance study (1996-1998) was conducted by The Jockey Club into racing injuries, other postrace clinical problems and fatalities from all 59 British racecourses (mainland Britain only) to identify risk factors. During the survey there were 222,993 racing starts: 106,897 starts in flat races on turf (47.9%), 26,519 starts in flat races on all-weather surfaces (11.9%), 30,932 starts in chases on turf (13.9%), 51,786 starts in hurdle races on turf (23.2%) and 6,859 starts in National Hunt flat races (3.1%). Information was recorded about age of horses, racing surfaces and clinical events observed or attended by a veterinary team of 2 clinicians and one veterinary surgeon employed by the racing authority. Of the 2358 clinical events reported (1.05% of all starts), 1937 involved the musculoskeletal system and 421 involved other body systems. Six hundred and fifty-seven incidents (0.29% of starts) resulted in death or euthanasia. Eighty-one percent of limb injury reports involved forelimbs and 46% involved flexor tendons/suspensory ligaments. Nonlimb problems included epistaxis (0.83/1000 starts), 'exhausted horse syndrome' (0.47/1000 starts) and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (0.20/1000 starts). Incidents including fatalities per 1000 starts were 24.7 from chases, 19.45 from hurdle races, 8.46 from National Hunt flat races and 3.97 from flat races. The overall tendon injury was higher in chases than in hurdle races, even though age-specific rates of tendon injury were higher in hurdle races than in chases. The risk of injuries per start increased significantly with age, while softer racing surfaces were associated with fewer fatalities and injuries than firmer surfaces. The survey described in this paper has provided an up-to-date description of the fatal and non-fatal horseracing incidents under conditions on mainland Britain, enabling progress to be made towards improving the safety and welfare of racehorses.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between goniodysgenesis, ocular measurements, and glaucoma in Great Danes. ANIMALS 180 Great Danes. PROCEDURE Eye examination and measurements were obtained from 180 Great Danes; for 30 of these dogs, depth of the anterior chamber, vitreal body length, and total depth of the globe were also measured. These data were merged with electronic pedigree information on 43,371 kennel club registered Great Danes. Relationships among goniodysgenesis, ocular measurements, and glaucoma and the heritability of goniodysgenesis were estimated. RESULTS The degree of goniodysgenesis was significantly and positively associated with the likelihood of glaucoma. There was a significant association between the degree of goniodysgenesis in offspring and parents. The estimated heritability of the degree of goniodysgenesis was 0.52. The depth of the anterior chamber of the eye was also a good predictor of goniodysgenesis (ie, the dog was almost certain to have glaucoma if the depth was < 3.7 mm). If both parents had goniodysgenesis < 70%, then with 95% confidence, the occurrence of glaucoma in the ensuing offspring would be < 4/1000. This strategy translates to ensuring that the depth of the anterior chamber of the eye is > 3.7 mm for both parents. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The strong and significant correlation among goniodysgenesis, other eye measurements, and glaucoma and the significant heritability of goniodysgenesis suggests that glaucoma may be heritable in Great Danes. If so, glaucoma can be controlled by breeding only from sires and dams with a minimum degree of goniodysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wood
- Epidemiology Unit, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] Assembly of the carbocyclic core of CP-263,114 has been accomplished efficiently and in high yield. Key steps include a phenolic oxidation/intramolecular Diels-Alder sequence, tandem radical cyclization, and the late-stage fragmentation of a densely functionalized isotwistane skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Njardarson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Abstract
[structure: see text] Three different approaches to the carbocyclic core of CP-263,114 are presented that illustrate a strategic evolution from an oxy-Cope rearrangement to variants of the Wharton fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Njardarson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin controls a wide range of biological systems, including its own synthesis and release. As the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is a potential target for this autoregulation. Using the serotonergic neuron-like CA77 cell line, we have demonstrated that treatment with a 5-hydroxytryptamine autoreceptor agonist, CGS 12066A, can lower TPH mRNA levels and promoter activity. We reasoned that this repression might involve inhibition of MAP kinases, since 5-HT1 receptors can increase mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase levels. To test this hypothesis, we first showed that the TPH promoter can be activated 20-fold by mitogen-activated extracellular-signal regulated kinase kinase kinase (MEKK), an activator of MAP kinases. This activation was then blocked by CGS 12066A. The maximal MAP kinase and CGS repression regulatory region was mapped to between -149 and -45 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. The activation by MEKK appears to be cell-specific, because MEKK did not activate the TPH promoter in nonneuronal cell lines. At least part, but not all, of the MAP kinase responsiveness was mapped to an inverted CCAAT box that binds the transcription factor NF-Y. These data suggest a model for the autoregulation of serotonin biosynthesis by repression of MAP kinase stimulation of the TPH promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wood
- Genetics Ph.D. Program and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Abstract
[see structure]. Studies toward the total synthesis of marine diterpenoids isolated from Acanthella sp., e.g., kalihinol A, are described. Efficient construction of the functionalized trans-decalin core (11) is achieved through intramolecular Diels-Alder cyclization followed by diastereoselective epoxidation and aziridination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D White
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Tamaki K, Shotwell JB, White RD, Drutu I, Petsch DT, Nheu TV, He H, Hirokawa Y, Maruta H, Wood JL. Efficient syntheses of novel C2'-alkylated (+/-)-K252a analogues. Org Lett 2001; 3:1689-92. [PMID: 11405687 DOI: 10.1021/ol015894m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts in our laboratories have resulted in a synthetic approach toward C2'-alkylated K252a analogues via extension of a K252a cyclofuranosylation strategy. The bis-indole-N-glycosidic coupling of 6-N-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-staurosporinone (21) with a number of highly functionalized carbohydrates has given access to previously unattainable, biologically relevant analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tamaki
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Moniz GA, Wood JL. Catalyst-based control of [2,3]- and [3,3]-rearrangement in alpha-diazoketone-derived propargyloxy enols. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:5095-7. [PMID: 11457340 DOI: 10.1021/ja015727h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G A Moniz
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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