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Rahimpoor R, Jalilian H, Mohammadi H, Rahmani A. Biological exposure indices of occupational exposure to benzene: A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21576. [PMID: 38027568 PMCID: PMC10660043 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to systematically review the studies concerning the biological monitoring of benzene exposure in occupational settings. A systematic literature review was conducted in Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Medline from 1985 through July 2021. We included peer-reviewed original articles that investigated the association between occupational exposure to benzene and biological monitoring. We identified 4786 unique citations, of which 64 cross-sectional, one case-control, and one cohort study met our inclusion criteria. The most studied biomarkers were urinary trans-trans muconic acid, S- phenyl mercapturic acid, and urinary benzene, respectively. We found the airborne concentration of benzene as a key indicator for choosing a suitable biomarker. We suggest considering urinary benzene at low (0.5-5.0 TLV), urinary SPMA and TTMA at medium (5.0-25 and 25-50 TLV, respectively), and urinary phenol and hydroquinone and catechol at very high concentrations (500 and 1000 TLV ≤, respectively). Genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase and oral intake of sorbic acid have confounding effects on the level of U-SPMA and U-TTMA, respectively. The airborne concentration, smoking habit, oral consumption of sorbic acid, and genetic polymorphism of workers should be considered in order to choose the appropriate indicator for biological monitoring of benzene exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razzagh Rahimpoor
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Hamed Jalilian
- School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Heidar Mohammadi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Abdulrasoul Rahmani
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
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Wang A, Qiao Y, Zhang Y, Jin R, Liu J, He Z, Jia M, Gao J, Guo C. Performance and Mechanism of Chlorine Dioxide on BTEX Removal in Liquid and Indoor Air. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114342. [PMID: 37298823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of the chemical industry, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) have gradually become the major indoor air pollutants. Various gas treatment techniques are widely used to prevent the physical and mental health hazards of BTEX in semi-enclosed spaces. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an alternative to chlorine as a secondary disinfectant with a strong oxidation ability, a wide range of action, and no carcinogenic effects. In addition, ClO2 has a unique permeability which allows it to eliminate volatile contaminants from the source. However, little attention has been paid to the removal of BTEX by ClO2, due to the difficulty of removing BTEX in semi-enclosed areas and the lack of testing methods for the reaction intermediates. Therefore, this study explored the performance of ClO2 advanced oxidation technology on both liquid and gaseous benzene, toluene, o-xylene, and m-xylene. The results showed that ClO2 was efficient in the removal of BTEX. The byproducts were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the reaction mechanism was speculated using the ab initio molecular orbital calculations method. The results demonstrated that ClO2 could remove the BTEX from the water and the air without causing secondary pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlong Wang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yina Qiao
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Riya Jin
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Jiaoqin Liu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Zengdi He
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Mengye Jia
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Jingshuai Gao
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Chengjie Guo
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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Niu Y, Yan Y, Chai J, Zhang X, Xu Y, Duan X, Wu J, Peng L. Effects of regional transport from different potential pollution areas on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Northern Beijing during non-heating and heating periods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155465. [PMID: 35500706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the adoption of air quality control measures, the influence of regional transport on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollution has gradually increased in Beijing. In this study, the whole observation period (September 24 to December 12, 2020) was divided into heating period and non-heating period to explore the impact of changing VOCs sources in different observation periods, and also classified into "Type-N" and "Type-S" periods both in non-heating period and heating period to explore the impact of regional transport from the northern and southern regions of sampling site, respectively. The average VOCs concentrations in northern Beijing during observation period were 22.6 ± 12.6 ppbv, which showed a decrease trend in recent years compared with other studies. And higher VOCs concentrations were observed in Type-S than in Type-N period. The positive matrix factorization results showed that vehicular exhaust dominated VOCs (26.1%-33.7%), but coal combustion could not be ignored in heating period, when it was twice that in non-heating period. In particular, coal combustion dominated VOCs in southern trajectories (30.9%) in heating period. The analysis of concentration weighted trajectory showed that coal combustion was affected by regional transport from the southeast regions of Beijing, while vehicular exhaust was affected by urban and the southeast regions of Beijing. Regarding human health risks, the carcinogenic risks of benzene and ethylbenzene exceeded the acceptable cancer risk value (1 × 10-6), and were higher in Type-S than in Type-N period. The results indicated that regional transport from urban areas and the areas south of Beijing had a significant impact on VOCs in northern Beijing. Thus, targeted control measures for different potential pollution regions are important for controlling VOCs pollution in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Niu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yulong Yan
- Institute of Transport Energy and Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Jianwei Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaolin Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Transport Energy and Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Institute of Transport Energy and Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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Khorrami Z, Pourkhosravani M, Eslahi M, Rezapour M, Akbari ME, Amini H, Taghavi-Shahri SM, Künzli N, Etemad K, Khanjani N. Multiple air pollutants exposure and leukaemia incidence in Tehran, Iran from 2010 to 2016: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060562. [PMID: 35732402 PMCID: PMC9226961 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leukaemia is one of the most common cancers and may be associated with exposure to environmental carcinogens, especially outdoor air pollutants. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of ambient air pollution and leukaemia in Tehran, Iran. DESIGN In this retrospective cohort study, data about the residential district of leukaemia cases diagnosed from 2010 to 2016 were inquired from the Ministry of Health cancer database. Data from a previous study were used to determine long-term average exposure to different air pollutants in 22 districts of Tehran. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to classify pollutants in two exposure profiles. The association between air pollutants and leukaemia incidence was analysed by negative binomial regression. SETTING Twenty-two districts of Tehran megacity. PARTICIPANTS Patients with leukaemia. OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome variables were incidence rate ratios (IRR) of acute myeloid and lymphoid leukaemia across the districts of Tehran. RESULTS The districts with higher concentrations for all pollutants were near the city centre. The IRR was positive but non-significant for most of the air pollutants. However, annual mean NOx was directly and significantly associated with total leukaemia incidence in the fully adjusted model (IRR (95% CI): 1.03 (1.003 to 1.06) per 10 ppb increase). Based on LPA, districts with a higher multiple air-pollutants profile were also associated with higher leukaemia incidence (IRR (95% CI): 1.003 (0.99 to 1.007) per 1 ppb increase). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that districts with higher air pollution (nitrogen oxides and multipollutants) have higher incidence rates of leukaemia in Tehran, Iran. This study warrants conducting further research with individual human data and better control of confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khorrami
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Pourkhosravani
- Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marzieh Eslahi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maysam Rezapour
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Heresh Amini
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Koorosh Etemad
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Monash Centre for Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Tolosa Rodríguez MA, Rojas Becerra MDR, Vaca Alvarado LJ, Piñeros Aranguren AS. Actividades económicas, laborales, ambientales y aditivas con exposición a benceno y el desarrollo de leucemia mieloide aguda. REPERTORIO DE MEDICINA Y CIRUGÍA 2022. [DOI: 10.31260/repertmedcir.01217372.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción: el benceno es un hidrocarburo aromático obtenido por destilación del alquitrán utilizado en gasolineras y como solvente industrial, clasificado como cancerígeno por exposición ocupacional o ambiental. Está relacionado con el desarrollo de leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) por su absorción principal por vía inhalatoria, y su metabolismo hepático con producción de benzoquinona de alta liposolubilidad que le permite depositarse en la médula ósea y tejido graso. Objetivo: analizar la asociación de las formas de exposición por actividades económicas, oficios, cargos, exposición ambiental y aditiva con el desarrollo de LMA. Materiales y métodos: revisión sistemática de la literatura en las bases de datos Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, Toxnet y OpenGrey, en inglés y español con los términos benzene, cancer, leukemia, occupational and enviromental exposition. Resultados: la mayoría de los estudios muestran una relación causal entre la exposición a benceno y el desarrollo de LMA, con predominio en ambientes laborales, seguidos de factores ambientales y aditivos como el humo del cigarrillo. Conclusiones: se encontró evidencia de asociación entre la exposición a benceno ocupacional y/o ambiental con el desarrollo de leucemia mieloide aguda, debido a que altera el estrés oxidativo y la desregulación del aryl hidrocarburo generando efectos citogenéticos, mutación genética y alteraciones epigenéticas que se expresan en hematotoxicidad y desarrollo de leucemia.
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Weber IC, Rüedi P, Šot P, Güntner AT, Pratsinis SE. Handheld Device for Selective Benzene Sensing over Toluene and Xylene. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103853. [PMID: 34837486 PMCID: PMC8811843 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
More than 1 million workers are exposed routinely to carcinogenic benzene, contained in various consumer products (e.g., gasoline, rubbers, and dyes) and released from combustion of organics (e.g., tobacco). Despite strict limits (e.g., 50 parts per billion (ppb) in the European Union), routine monitoring of benzene is rarely done since low-cost sensors lack accuracy. This work presents a compact, battery-driven device that detects benzene in gas mixtures with unprecedented selectivity (>200) over inorganics, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, and even challenging toluene and xylene. This can be attributed to strong Lewis acid sites on a packed bed of catalytic WO3 nanoparticles that prescreen a chemoresistive Pd/SnO2 sensor. That way, benzene is detected down to 13 ppb with superior robustness to relative humidity (RH, 10-80%), fulfilling the strictest legal limits. As proof of concept, benzene is quantified in indoor air in good agreement (R2 ≥ 0.94) with mass spectrometry. This device is readily applicable for personal exposure assessment and can assist the implementation of low-emission zones for sustainable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines C. Weber
- Particle Technology LaboratoryDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
| | - Pascal Rüedi
- Particle Technology LaboratoryDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
| | - Petr Šot
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichZurichCH‐8049Switzerland
| | - Andreas T. Güntner
- Particle Technology LaboratoryDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
- Department of EndocrinologyDiabetologyand Clinical NutritionUniversity Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH)ZurichCH‐8091Switzerland
| | - Sotiris E. Pratsinis
- Particle Technology LaboratoryDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
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Zivarpour P, Hallajzadeh J, Asemi Z, Sadoughi F, Sharifi M. Chitosan as possible inhibitory agents and delivery systems in leukemia. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:544. [PMID: 34663339 PMCID: PMC8524827 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02243-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a lethal cancer in which white blood cells undergo proliferation and immature white blood cells are seen in the bloodstream. Without diagnosis and management in early stages, this type of cancer can be fatal. Changes in protooncogenic genes and microRNA genes are the most important factors involved in development of leukemia. At present, leukemia risk factors are not accurately identified, but some studies have pointed out factors that predispose to leukemia. Studies show that in the absence of genetic risk factors, leukemia can be prevented by reducing the exposure to risk factors of leukemia, including smoking, exposure to benzene compounds and high-dose radioactive or ionizing radiation. One of the most important treatments for leukemia is chemotherapy which has devastating side effects. Chemotherapy and medications used during treatment do not have a specific effect and destroy healthy cells besides leukemia cells. Despite the suppressing effect of chemotherapy against leukemia, patients undergoing chemotherapy have poor quality of life. So today, researchers are focusing on finding more safe and effective natural compounds and treatments for cancer, especially leukemia. Chitosan is a valuable natural compound that is biocompatible and non-toxic to healthy cells. Anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant effects are examples of chitosan biopolymer properties. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of this compound in medical treatments and the pharmaceutical industry. In this article, we take a look at the latest advances in the use of chitosan in the treatment and improvement of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Zivarpour
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehran Sharifi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ramírez‐Lopera V, Uribe‐Castro D, Bautista‐Amorocho H, Silva‐Sayago JA, Mateus‐Sánchez E, Ardila‐Barbosa WY, Pérez‐Cala TL. The effects of genetic polymorphisms on benzene-exposed workers: A systematic review. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e327. [PMID: 34295994 PMCID: PMC8284097 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Benzene is a group I carcinogen, which has been associated with leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Moreover, it has been proposed that polymorphisms in benzene metabolizing genes influence the outcomes of benzene exposure in the human body. This systematic review aims to elucidate the existent relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the risk of developing adverse health effects in benzene-exposed workers. METHODS Three databases were systematically searched until April 2020. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses method was used to select articles published between 2005 and 2020. Quality assessment and risk of bias were evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS After full-text evaluation, 36 articles remained out of 645 initially screened. The most studied health effects within the reviewed papers were chronic benzene poisoning, hematotoxicity, altered urinary biomarkers of exposure, micronucleus/chromosomal aberrations, and gene methylation. Furthermore, some polymorphisms on NQO1, GSTT1, GSTM1, MPO, and CYP2E1, among other genes, showed a statistically significant relationship with an increased risk of developing at least one of these effects on benzene-exposed workers. However, there was no consensus among the reviewed papers on which specific polymorphisms were the ones associated with the adverse health-related outcomes, except for the NQO1 rs1800566 and the GSTT1 null genotypes. Additionally, the smoking habit was identified as a confounder, demonstrating worse health outcomes in exposed workers that smoked. CONCLUSION Though there is a positive relationship between genetic polymorphisms and detrimental health outcomes for benzene-exposed workers, broader benzene-exposed cohorts that take into account the genetic diversity of the population are needed in order to determine which specific polymorphisms incur in health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Ramírez‐Lopera
- Bacterias & Cáncer Group, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Daniel Uribe‐Castro
- Bacterias & Cáncer Group, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Henry Bautista‐Amorocho
- Bacterias & Cáncer Group, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollo Humano, Tejido Social e Innovaciones Tecnológicas—GIDTI, Programa Administración en Salud OcupacionalCentro Regional Bucaramanga, Corporación Universitaria Minuto de DiosBucaramangaColombia
| | - Jorge Alexander Silva‐Sayago
- Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollo Humano, Tejido Social e Innovaciones Tecnológicas—GIDTI, Programa Administración en Salud OcupacionalCentro Regional Bucaramanga, Corporación Universitaria Minuto de DiosBucaramangaColombia
| | - Enrique Mateus‐Sánchez
- Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollo Humano, Tejido Social e Innovaciones Tecnológicas—GIDTI, Programa de PsicologíaCentro Regional Bucaramanga, Corporación Universitaria Minuto de DiosBucaramangaColombia
| | - Wilman Yesid Ardila‐Barbosa
- Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollo Humano, Tejido Social e Innovaciones Tecnológicas—GIDTI, Programa Administración en Salud OcupacionalCentro Regional Bucaramanga, Corporación Universitaria Minuto de DiosBucaramangaColombia
| | - Tania Liseth Pérez‐Cala
- Bacterias & Cáncer Group, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
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Tevis DS, Willmore A, Bhandari D, Bowman B, Biren C, Kenwood BM, Jacob P, Liu J, Bello K, Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Chen M, Gaudreau E, Bienvenu JF, Blount BC, De Jesús VR. Large Differences in Urinary Benzene Metabolite S-Phenylmercapturic Acid Quantitation: A Comparison of Five LC-MS-MS Methods. J Anal Toxicol 2021; 45:657-665. [PMID: 33025019 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene is a known genotoxic carcinogen linked to many hematological abnormalities. S-phenylmercapturic acid (PHMA, N-acetyl-S-(phenyl)-L-cysteine, CAS# 4775-80-8) is a urinary metabolite of benzene and is used as a biomarker to assess benzene exposure. Pre-S-phenylmercapturic acid (pre-PHMA) is a PHMA precursor that dehydrates to PHMA at acidic pH. Published analytical methods that measure urinary PHMA adjust urine samples to a wide range of pH values using several types of acid, potentially leading to highly variable results depending on the concentration of pre-PHMA in a sample. Information is lacking on the variation in sample preparation among laboratories regularly measuring PHMA and the effect of those differences on PHMA quantitation in human urine samples. To investigate the differences in PHMA quantitation, we conducted an inter-laboratory comparison that included the analysis of 50 anonymous human urine samples (25 self-identified smokers and 25 self-identified non-smokers), quality control samples and commercially available reference samples in five laboratories using different analytical methods. Observed urinary PHMA concentrations were proportionally higher at lower pH, and results for anonymous urine samples varied widely among the methods. The method with the neutral preparation pH yielded results about 60% lower than the method using the most acidic conditions. Samples spiked with PHMA showed little variation, suggesting that the variability in results in human urine samples across methods is driven by the acid-mediated conversion of pre-PHMA to PHMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise S Tevis
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Andrew Willmore
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Knoxville, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Deepak Bhandari
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Brett Bowman
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Knoxville, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Chloe Biren
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Knoxville, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Brandon M Kenwood
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Peyton Jacob
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kristina Bello
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Steven G Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Menglan Chen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Eric Gaudreau
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec, Unité Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Direction de la santé environnementale et de la toxicologie, Québec, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Jean-François Bienvenu
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec, Unité Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Direction de la santé environnementale et de la toxicologie, Québec, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Víctor R De Jesús
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
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10
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Production of Gasolines and Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: From Fossil Raw Materials to Green Processes. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14134061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The properties and the applications of the main monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, and the three xylene isomers) and the industrial processes for their manufacture from fossil raw materials are summarized. Potential ways for their production from renewable sources with thermo-catalytic processes are described and discussed in detail. The perspectives of the future industrial organic chemistry in relation to the production of high-octane bio-gasolines and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as renewable chemical intermediates are discussed.
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11
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Berenguer C, Pereira JA, Câmara JS. Fingerprinting the volatile profile of traditional tobacco and e-cigarettes: A comparative study. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Yue X, Ma NL, Sonne C, Guan R, Lam SS, Van Le Q, Chen X, Yang Y, Gu H, Rinklebe J, Peng W. Mitigation of indoor air pollution: A review of recent advances in adsorption materials and catalytic oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124138. [PMID: 33092884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution with toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a threat to human health, causing cancer, leukemia, fetal malformation, and abortion. Therefore, the development of technologies to mitigate indoor air pollution is important to avoid adverse effects. Adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation are the current approaches for the removal of VOCs and PM2.5 with high efficiency. In this review we focus on the recent development of indoor air pollution mitigation materials based on adsorption and photocatalytic decomposition. First, we review on the primary indoor air pollutants including formaldehyde, benzene compounds, PM2.5, flame retardants, and plasticizer: Next, the recent advances in the use of adsorption materials including traditional biochar and MOF (metal-organic frameworks) as the new emerging porous materials for VOCs absorption is reviewed. We review the mechanism for mitigation of VOCs using biochar (noncarbonized organic matter partition and adsorption) and MOF together with parameters that affect indoor air pollution removal efficiency based on current mitigation approaches including the mitigation of VOCs using photocatalytic oxidation. Finally, we bring forward perspectives and directions for the development of indoor air mitigation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yue
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Fac Sci & Marine Environm, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Christian Sonne
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ruirui Guan
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Xiangmeng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yafeng Yang
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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13
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Li B, Tang H, Cheng Z, Zhang Y, Xiang H. The Current Situation and Future Trend of Leukemia Mortality by Sex and Area in China. Front Public Health 2020; 8:598215. [PMID: 33363091 PMCID: PMC7759534 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.598215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is one of the most common cancers. We conducted this study to comprehensively analyze the temporal trends of leukemia mortality during 2003–2017 and project the trends until 2030. We extracted national-level data on annual leukemia mortality from China Health Statistics Yearbooks (2003–2017). We applied the Joinpoint regression model to assess leukemia mortality trends in urban and rural China by sex during 2003–2017. We also produced sex-specific leukemia mortality using the adjusted Global Burden Disease (GBD) 2016 projection model. In urban areas, age-standardized leukemia mortality decreased significantly among females during 2003–2017 (APC = −0.9%; 95% CI: −1.7, −0.1%). In rural areas, significant decreases of age-standardized leukemia mortality were both found among males (APC = −1.7%; 95% CI: −2.9, −0.5%) and females (APC = −1.6%; 95% CI: −2.6, −0.7%) from 2008 to 2017. Rural-urban and sex disparities of leukemia mortality will continue to exist until the year 2030. According to projection, the leukemia mortality rates of males and rural populations are higher than that of females and urban populations. In 2030, leukemia mortality is projected to decrease to 3.03/100,000 and 3.33/100,000 among the males in urban and rural areas, respectively. In females, leukemia mortality will decrease to 1.87/100,000 and 2.26/100,000 among urban and rural areas, respectively. Our study suggests that more precautionary measures to reduce leukemia mortality are need, and more attention should be paid to rural residents and males in primary prevention of leukemia in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojing Li
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilu Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xiang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Rahimpoor R, Gohari-Ensaf F, Poorolajal J, Assari MJ. Impact of Filter on the Estimation of Quantitative Mixture Risk Caused by Some Chemical Constituents Generated from Popular Cigarette Brands in Iran. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2020; 12:175-185. [PMID: 33244394 PMCID: PMC7679489 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v12i3.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of filter on the eventual carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks caused by the main toxic constituents of popular cigarette brands in Iran. Methods At this laboratory study, the concentration of benzene, formaldehyde, arsenic, and cadmium in the mainstream smoke of 11 popular cigarette brands in Iran, on the without and with-filter modes was determined based on an established method. The hazard quotient (HQ), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and mixture quantitative risk assessments (QRAs) were performed based on the QRA method recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Findings The mean of HQ due to benzene, formaldehyde, arsenic, and cadmium in without-filter cigarette smoke was from 3.96 to 3505. The findings indicated that the HQs related to benzene, formaldehyde, arsenic, and cadmium in cigarette smoke were decreased with filter by 48.3%, 25.3%, 37.6%, and 49.1%, respectively. The filter of cigarette decreased ILCR of benzene, formaldehyde, arsenic, and cadmium in cigarette smoke by 53.02%, 25.31%, 37.70%, and 61.01%, respectively. The mixture of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic estimated risks due to inhalation of studied cigarettes smoke was very high and unacceptable. Conclusion The cigarette filter plays an essential role in reducing inhalation exposure to hazardous compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke; nevertheless, the average of overall mixture HQs and ILCRs estimated caused by studied compounds was higher than the acceptable value. It is recommended that future empirical studies investigate the impact of the type of fiber used in cigarette filter on reducing carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks caused by cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razzagh Rahimpoor
- Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gohari-Ensaf
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jalal Poorolajal
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Assari
- Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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15
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Pourvakhshoori N, Khankeh HR, Stueck M, Farrokhi M. The association between air pollution and cancers: controversial evidence of a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:38491-38500. [PMID: 32767014 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There are inconsistent reports on the association between air pollution and cancers. This systematic review was, therefore, conducted to ascertain the relationship between air pollution and some cancers. This is a systematic review study, which all articles published in this area were extracted from January 1, 1950 to December 31, 2018 from Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, Google scholar. Searching was performed independently by two search-method experts. The required data were extracted from the articles by an author-made questionnaire. Forty-eight articles were investigated. Evidence linking air pollution to some cancers is limited. Leukemia had the highest association with exposure to various air pollutants and bladder cancer had the lowest association. It is noteworthy that the specific type of pollutants in all studies was not specified. Based on the findings, the results are contradictory, and the role of air pollution in some cancers cannot be supported. Accordingly, studies are recommended to be performed at the individual level or multifactorial studies to specifically investigate the relationship between air pollution and these types of cancers. In this way, the role of air pollution in the incidence of these cancers can be determined more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Pourvakhshoori
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khankeh
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Stueck
- DFPA Academy of Work and Health, Leipzig, Germany
- International Research Academy BIONET, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Farrokhi
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Puett RC, Poulsen AH, Taj T, Ketzel M, Geels C, Brandt J, Christensen JH, Sørensen M, Roswall N, Hvidtfeldt U, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Relationship of leukaemias with long-term ambient air pollution exposures in the adult Danish population. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1818-1824. [PMID: 32939055 PMCID: PMC7722932 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few population-based epidemiological studies of adults have examined the relationship between air pollution and leukaemias. Methods Using Danish National Cancer Registry data and Danish DEHM-UBM-AirGIS system-modelled air pollution exposures, we examined whether particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) averaged over 1, 5 or 10 years were associated with adult leukaemia in general or by subtype. In all, 14,986 adult cases diagnosed 1989–2014 and 51,624 age, sex and time-matched controls were included. Separate conditional logistic regression models, adjusted for socio-demographic factors, assessed exposure to each pollutant with leukaemias. Results Fully adjusted models showed a higher risk of leukaemia with higher 1-, 5- and 10-year-average exposures to PM2.5 prior to diagnosis (e.g. OR per 10 µg/m3 for 10-year average: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.32), and a positive relationship with 1-year average BC. Results were driven by participants 70 years and older (OR per 10 µg/m3 for 10-year average: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.15–1.58). Null findings for younger participants. Higher 1-year average PM2.5 exposures were associated with higher risks for acute myeloid and chronic lymphoblastic leukaemia. Conclusion Among older adults, higher risk for leukaemia was associated with higher residential PM2.5 concentrations averaged over 1, 5 and 10 years prior to diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C Puett
- Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. .,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Aslak Harbo Poulsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tahir Taj
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box. 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.,Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box. 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box. 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jesper H Christensen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box. 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Nina Roswall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Hvidtfeldt
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box. 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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17
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A clandestine culprit with critical consequences: Benzene and acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Rev 2020; 47:100736. [PMID: 32771228 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While most clinicians recognize adult therapy-related leukemias following cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation, environmental regulatory agencies evaluate exposure to "safe levels" of leukemogenic compounds. Benzene represents the most notorious leukemogenic chemical. Used in the production of ubiquitous items such as plastics, lubricants, rubbers, dyes, and pesticides, benzene may be responsible for the higher risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) among automobile, janitorial, construction, and agricultural workers. It is possible that ambient benzene may contribute to many cases of "de novo" AML not arising out of germline predispositions. In this appraisal of the available literature, we evaluate and discuss the association between chronic, low-dose and ambient exposure to environmental benzene and the development of adult AML.
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18
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Yi M, Li A, Zhou L, Chu Q, Song Y, Wu K. The global burden and attributable risk factor analysis of acute myeloid leukemia in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017: estimates based on the global burden of disease study 2017. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:72. [PMID: 32513227 PMCID: PMC7282046 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common leukemia subtype and has a poor prognosis. The risk of AML is highly related to age. In the context of population aging, a comprehensive report presenting epidemiological trends of AML is evaluable for policy-marker to allocate healthy resources. METHODS This study was based on the Global Burden of Disease 2017 database. We analyzed the change trends of incidence rate, death rate, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate by calculating the corresponding estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) values. Besides, we investigated the influence of social development degree on AML's epidemiological trends and potential risk factors for AML-related mortality. RESULTS From 1990 to 2017, the incidence of AML gradually increased in the globe. Males and elder people had a higher possibility to develop AML. Developed countries tended to have higher age-standardized incidence rate and death rate than developing regions. Smoking, high body mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, and formaldehyde were the main risk factors for AML-related mortality. Notably, the contribution ratio of exposure to carcinogens was significantly increased in the low social-demographic index (SDI) region than in the high SDI region. CONCLUSION Generally, the burden of AML became heavier during the past 28 years which might need more health resources to resolve this population aging-associated problem. In the present stage, developed countries with high SDI had the most AML incidences and deaths. At the same time, developing countries with middle- or low-middle SDI also need to take actions to relieve rapidly increased AML burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Anping Li
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Linghui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yongping Song
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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19
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Hauser-Davis RA. Vulnerability of small-scale fishers to benzene exposure and the current knowledge gap on benzene-exposure in Brazilian fishers. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7483. [PMID: 31423361 PMCID: PMC6697036 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fishers are a particularly vulnerable population, chronically exposed to many stresses, injuries and health conditions directly linked to their fishing activities. This includes benzene exposure through gasoline and diesel exhaust fumes. Benzene is a known carcinogen, and has been assessed in many worker groups, but reports on fisher benzene exposure are extremely scarce in the literature. This paper discusses benzene exposure in small-scale fishers and reflects on the current knowledge gap on benzene-exposure in Brazilian fishers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, IOC, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Shallis RM, Wang R, Davidoff A, Ma X, Zeidan AM. Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: Recent progress and enduring challenges. Blood Rev 2019; 36:70-87. [PMID: 31101526 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disorder of the bone marrow which is characterized by the clonal expansion and differentiation arrest of myeloid progenitor cells. The age-adjusted incidence of AML is 4.3 per 100,000 annually in the United States (US). Incidence increases with age with a median age at diagnosis of 68 years in the US. The etiology of AML is heterogeneous. In some patients, prior exposure to therapeutic, occupational or environmental DNA-damaging agents is implicated, but most cases of AML remain without a clear etiology. AML is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and has the shortest survival (5-year survival = 24%). Curative therapies, including intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation, are generally applicable to a minority of patients who are younger and fit, while most older individuals exhibit poor prognosis and survival. Differences in patient outcomes are influenced by disease characteristics, access to care including active therapies and supportive care, and other factors. After many years without therapeutic advances, several new therapies have been approved and are expected to impact patient outcomes, especially for older patients and those with refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory M Shallis
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, USA; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Amy Davidoff
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, USA; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA; Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
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