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Reynolds CM, Short MA, Kahn M, Richardson C, Heath M, Whittall H, Lack L, Gradisar M. Development of evening sleep homeostatic pressure in early adolescent boys. Sleep Med 2023; 110:54-59. [PMID: 37536212 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The physiological processes governing sleep regulation show maturational changes during adolescent development. To date, data are available to specify when delays in circadian timing occur; however, no longitudinal data exist to characterize the maturation of the accumulation of sleep pressure across the evening. The aim of this longitudinal study was to test whether this change in evening sleep propensity can be identified during early adolescence. Twenty pre-pubescent boys' (Mage = 10.3, SD = 0.4 years) evening sleep homeostats were assessed using a series of sleep latency tests every hour (7:30 p.m. to 3:30 a.m.) at 6-month intervals across four waves. While results revealed shorter sleep onset latencies with increasing wakefulness (p < .001), this effect was not moderated by study wave (p = .79). Evening sleep propensity thus appears to remain stable in boys during early adolescence. Future studies should expand upon these findings by using larger samples of girls as well as boys across an extended age range during the teenage years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Reynolds
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Michelle A Short
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michal Kahn
- Tel Aviv University, School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Cele Richardson
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; University of Western Australia, School of Psychological Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie Heath
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah Whittall
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leon Lack
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Gradisar
- Wink Sleep Pty Ltd, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Sleep Cycle AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sprajcer M, Gupta C, Roach G, Sargent C. Can we put the first night effect to bed? An analysis based on a large sample of healthy adults. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1567-1573. [PMID: 36220800 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2133611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The 'first night effect' refers to individuals experiencing poorer sleep during their first night in a laboratory. The effect is attributed to sleeping in a new environment, as well as wearing electrodes on the head and face, and is often cited as a reason for including an adaptation night in sleep research protocols. However, in the time since the 'first night effect' was initially reported, the conditions and equipment used in modern sleep laboratories have changed considerably, which may reduce the 'first night effect.' The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the 'first night effect' on sleep in a sample of healthy adults. Participants (n = 124; 22.7 ± 3.6 years) were given a 9-hour sleep opportunity (23:00-08:00 h) on two consecutive nights in a time-isolated sleep laboratory with sleep measured via polysomnography. Differences in dependent sleep variables between Night 1 and Night 2 were examined using paired t-tests. There was no difference in sleep onset latency (p = .295), total sleep time (p = .343), wake after sleep onset (p = .410), or sleep efficiency (p = .342) between Nights 1 and 2. However, participants spent more time in stage one (p = .001), and less time in stages two (p = .029) and three (p = .013) on Night 1 compared with Night 2. This suggests that, where primary sleep variables are the focus and not sleep architecture or arousals (e.g., where sleep is used as an independent variable), including an adaptation night may not be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Sprajcer
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Charlotte Gupta
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Gregory Roach
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Charli Sargent
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia
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Alzehairi A, Alhejaili F, Wali S, AlQassas I, Balkhyour M, Pandi-Perumal SR. Sleep Disorders Among Commercial Airline Pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2021. [DOI: 10.3357/amhp.5809.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Over the next 20 yr, international market expansion will necessitate the production of new commercial airplanes and the recruitment of additional crewmembers and technicians. Research has proven that fatigue and lack of sleep are risk factors for impaired cognitive
performance and human error. Pilots frequently report fatigue to their employers, which may be related to sleep disturbance. Airline pilots, in particular, often experience circadian desynchronization and other types of sleep disorders. Shift workers have been observed to be at higher risk
of fatigue that affects their performance and alertness. In Saudi Arabia, sleep disorders among airline pilots are understudied and underreported. The primary objective of this study was to screen for and determine the risk of sleep disorders, fatigue, and depression among pilots.METHODS:
A cross-sectional epidemiological study with national commercial pilots was conducted from March 2019 to March 2020 using validated questionnaires to screen for the risk of sleep disorders, fatigue, and depression.RESULTS: In total, 344 pilots participated in the study. Half the
sample was at risk for insomnia and fatigue. Older and more experienced pilots were less likely to suffer impaired sleep quality, insomnia, sleepiness, fatigue, and depression. In total, 59 (17.2%) pilots were at high risk for sleep apnea.CONCLUSION: The current study found that
pilots were at risk of developing sleep disorders. A more robust and objective assessment is warranted for screening.Alzehairi A, Alhejaili F, Wali S, Al Qassas I, Balkhyour M, Pandi-Perumal SR. Sleep disorders among commercial airline pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(12):937–944.
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Harous C, Roach GD, Kontou TG, Montero AJ, Stuart N, Sargent C. Consecutive Nights of Moderate Sleep Loss Does Not Affect Mood in Healthy Young Males. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:442-448. [PMID: 34449566 PMCID: PMC8395486 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss causes mood disturbance in non-clinical populations under severe conditions, i.e., two days/nights of sleep deprivation or a week of sleep restriction with 4–5 h in bed each night. However, the effects of more-common types of sleep loss on mood disturbance are not yet known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine mood disturbance in healthy adults over a week with nightly time in bed controlled at 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 h. Participants (n = 115) spent nine nights in the laboratory and were given either 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 h in bed over seven consecutive nights. Mood was assessed daily using the Profile of Mood States (POMS-2). Mixed-linear effects models examined the effect of time in bed on total mood disturbance and subscales of anger-hostility, confusion-bewilderment, depression-dejection, fatigue-inertia, tension-anxiety, vigour-activity and friendliness. There was no effect of time in bed on total mood disturbance (F(4, 110.42) = 1.31, p = 0.271) or any of the subscales except fatigue-inertia. Fatigue-inertia was higher in the 5 h compared with the 9 h time in bed condition (p = 0.012, d = 0.75). Consecutive nights of moderate sleep loss (i.e., 5–7 h) does not affect mood but does increase fatigue in healthy males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Harous
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, School of Medical, Health and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, 44 Greenhill Road, Wayville, Adelaide 5034, Australia; (C.H.); (G.D.R.); (T.G.K.); (A.J.M.); (N.S.)
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Gregory D. Roach
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, School of Medical, Health and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, 44 Greenhill Road, Wayville, Adelaide 5034, Australia; (C.H.); (G.D.R.); (T.G.K.); (A.J.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Thomas G. Kontou
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, School of Medical, Health and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, 44 Greenhill Road, Wayville, Adelaide 5034, Australia; (C.H.); (G.D.R.); (T.G.K.); (A.J.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Ashley J. Montero
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, School of Medical, Health and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, 44 Greenhill Road, Wayville, Adelaide 5034, Australia; (C.H.); (G.D.R.); (T.G.K.); (A.J.M.); (N.S.)
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, 5 Laffer Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5049, Australia
| | - Nicole Stuart
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, School of Medical, Health and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, 44 Greenhill Road, Wayville, Adelaide 5034, Australia; (C.H.); (G.D.R.); (T.G.K.); (A.J.M.); (N.S.)
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, 5 Laffer Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5049, Australia
| | - Charli Sargent
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, School of Medical, Health and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, 44 Greenhill Road, Wayville, Adelaide 5034, Australia; (C.H.); (G.D.R.); (T.G.K.); (A.J.M.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(08)-8378-4516
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Booth SA, Carskadon MA, Young R, Short MA. Sleep duration and mood in adolescents: an experimental study. Sleep 2021; 44:6007670. [PMID: 33245773 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study examines the relationship between experimentally manipulated sleep duration and mood in adolescents. METHODS Thirty-four adolescents (20 male), aged 15-17 years, lived in a sleep laboratory for 10 days and 9 nights. They were allocated to one of three sleep "doses" for five consecutive nights for 5, 7.5, or 10 h sleep opportunity per night. Two baseline nights and two recovery nights entailed 10 h sleep opportunity per night. Mood was measured every 3 h during wake using unipolar visual analogue scales measuring the mood states "depressed," "afraid," "angry," "confused," "anxious," "happy," and "energetic." RESULTS Mixed models analyses with post hoc comparisons revealed that participants in the 5-h group, but not the 7.5- or 10-h groups, reported being significantly more depressed, angry, and confused during sleep restriction than at baseline. Adolescents were significantly less happy and energetic during sleep restricted to 5 h and significantly less energetic during sleep restricted to 7.5 h. When adolescents had 10 h sleep opportunities their happiness significantly increased. No statistically significant effects of sleep restriction were found for fear or anxiety, although small-to-moderate effects of sleep restricted to 5 or 7.5 h were found. Two nights of recovery sleep was not sufficient to recover from increased negative mood states for the 5-h group, although recovery occurred for positive mood states. CONCLUSIONS Given the prevalence of insufficient sleep and the rising incidence of mood disorders and dysregulation in adolescents, these findings highlight the importance of sufficient sleep to mitigate these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Booth
- School of Human, Health and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Mary A Carskadon
- E. P. Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory, Providence, RI
| | - Robyn Young
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
Sleep is fundamental for everyday functioning, yet it is often negatively impacted in critically ill patients by the intensive care setting. With a focus on the neurological intensive care unit (NeuroICU), this narrative review summarizes methods of measuring sleep and addresses common causes of sleep disturbance in the hospital including environmental, pharmacological, and patient-related factors. The effects of sleep deprivation on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, immune, endocrine, and neuropsychological systems are discussed, with a focus on short-term deprivation in critically ill populations. Where evidence is lacking in the literature, long-term sleep deprivation studies and the effects of sleep deprivation in healthy individuals are also referenced. Lastly, strategies for the promotion of sleep in the NeuroICU are presented.
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7
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Using Evidence to Create a Toolkit to Enable Sleep Among Hospitalized Patients. J Nurs Adm 2020; 50:165-173. [PMID: 32068625 DOI: 10.1097/nna.0000000000000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies show sleep deprivation impacts patients' ability to perform physical activities and can lead to delirium, depression, and other psychiatric impairments. One of the Choosing Wisely® recommendations is "Do not wake the patient for routine care unless the patient's condition requires it." The authors discuss the development of an evidence-based toolkit to facilitate opportunities for patients to sleep during hospitalization, exemplifying the translation of a Choosing Wisely recommendation into clinical practice.
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Yang FN, Xu S, Chai Y, Basner M, Dinges DF, Rao H. Sleep deprivation enhances inter-stimulus interval effect on vigilant attention performance. Sleep 2018; 41:5108537. [PMID: 30265364 PMCID: PMC6289239 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objective Sleep deprivation significantly reduces the ability to maintain a consistent alertness level and impairs vigilant attention. Previous studies have shown that longer inter-stimulus interval (ISI) are associated with faster reaction times (RTs) on the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). However, whether and how sleep deprivation interacts with this ISI effect remains unclear. Methods N = 70 healthy adults (age range 20-50 years, 41 males) participated in a 5-day and 4-night in-laboratory controlled sleep deprivation study, including N = 54 in the experimental group with one night of total sleep deprivation and N = 16 in the control group without sleep loss. All participants completed a neurobehavioral test battery every 2 hours while awake, including a 10-minute standard PVT (PVT-S, N = 1626) and a 3-minute brief PVT (PVT-B, N = 1622). The linear approach to threshold with ergodic rate (LATER) model was used to fit the RT data. Results RT decreased significantly with longer ISI on the PVT-S and PVT-B. Increased ISI effect was found for both PVT-S and PVT-B during sleep deprivation compared to baseline or recovery sleep in the experimental group, whereas no differences in the ISI effect were found in the control group. The LATER model fitting indicated that changes in perceptual sensitivity rather than threshold adjustment may underlie the ISI effect. Conclusions Both standard and brief PVT showed a similar ISI effect on vigilant attention performance. Sleep deprivation increased the ISI effect on both PVT-S and PVT-B, which may be due to impaired temporal resolution and time estimation after sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nils Yang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sihua Xu
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Chai
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mathias Basner
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David F Dinges
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Basner M, Hermosillo E, Nasrini J, McGuire S, Saxena S, Moore TM, Gur RC, Dinges DF. Repeated Administration Effects on Psychomotor Vigilance Test Performance. Sleep 2017; 41:4605253. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Watling J, Pawlik B, Scott K, Booth S, Short MA. Sleep Loss and Affective Functioning: More Than Just Mood. Behav Sleep Med 2017; 15:394-409. [PMID: 27158937 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2016.1141770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Empirical evidence supports an intimate link between sleep and affective functioning. While the bidirectional relationship between sleep duration and mood is well documented, limited research targets other aspects of affective functioning, such as emotion and emotion regulation, or considers their interrelationships. The present review summarizes research examining the relationship between sleep and emotion, emotion regulation, and mood, and presents a theoretical model representing the relationships between these constructs. Disruptions to sleep and mood may trigger and maintain a negative cascade, leading to more entrenched sleep problems and psychopathology. Given that insufficient sleep is a widespread phenomenon, understanding the interrelationships between sleep and affective functioning has implications for both public health and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Watling
- a Centre for Sleep Research , University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia
| | - Bartholomew Pawlik
- a Centre for Sleep Research , University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia.,b School of Psychology , Flinders University , Adelaide , South Australia
| | - Kelly Scott
- a Centre for Sleep Research , University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia
| | - Stephen Booth
- a Centre for Sleep Research , University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia
| | - Michelle A Short
- a Centre for Sleep Research , University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia.,b School of Psychology , Flinders University , Adelaide , South Australia
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Kahn M, Fridenson S, Lerer R, Bar-Haim Y, Sadeh A. Effects of one night of induced night-wakings versus sleep restriction on sustained attention and mood: a pilot study. Sleep Med 2014; 15:825-32. [PMID: 24891081 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite their high prevalence in daily life, repeated night-wakings and their cognitive and emotional consequences have received less research attention compared to other types of sleep disturbances. Our aim was to experimentally compare the effects of one night of induced infrequent night-wakings (of ∼15 min, each requiring a purposeful response) and sleep restriction on sustained attention and mood in young adults. METHODS In a within-between subjects counterbalanced design, 61 healthy adults (40 females; aged 20-29 years) underwent home assessments of sustained attention and self-reported mood at two times: after a normal (control) sleep night, and after a night of either sleep restriction (4h in bed) or induced night-wakings (four prolonged awakenings across 8h in bed). Sleep was monitored using actigraphy and sleep diaries. Sustained attention was assessed using an online continuous performance test (OCPT), and mood was reported online using the Profile of Mood States (POMS). RESULTS Actigraphic data revealed good compliance with experimental sleep requirements. Induced night-wakings and sleep restriction both resulted in more OCPT omission and commission errors, and in increased depression, fatigue and confusion levels and reduced vigor compared to the normal sleep night. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the consequences of induced awakenings and sleep restriction. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study indicates that, similar to sleep restriction, one night of life-like repeated night-wakings negatively affects mood and sustained attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kahn
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shimrit Fridenson
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Reut Lerer
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yair Bar-Haim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avi Sadeh
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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