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Wu MH, Lee TC, Lin SY, Chen CH, Chen CM, Chou FH. Translation and adaptation of Shared Care Instrument-Revised for the older adults and their caregivers in Taiwan. Appl Nurs Res 2024; 76:151771. [PMID: 38641380 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging population in Taiwan has resulted in an increase in the dependent population and the care load on caregivers. Shared care is an interpersonal process in which support is "traded" to "handle" chronic illnesses by home-care patients and family caregivers. The scale of shared care has received little attention in the Taiwanese cultural context. Thus, this study examined the reliability and validity of the Taiwanese versions of Shared Care Instrument-Revised (SCI-R). METHODS The content validity, construct validity, and discriminant validity were used to test the validity of the translated questionnaires. The Cronbach's α was used to examine reliability. A total of 500 older adults and their caregivers were recruited from three counties in Taiwan. RESULTS The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the scale were within the acceptable range. The Cronbach's α was between 0.838 and 0.95. However, the scale's reliability was higher than that of the original version. This might be because of the inclusion of participants with less severe diseases than the participants in the original study, high social expectations in the Chinese traditional culture, and a large number of similar items. Future research should simplify the items and consider adopting diverse participant selection criteria. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study can be used to understand shared care in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hui Wu
- Deparment of Nursing, Tzu-Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chi Lee
- Deparment of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Lin
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huey Chen
- Deparment of Nursing, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Min Chen
- Deparment of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hao Chou
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Lu H, Song Y, Wang X, Liu J. The neural correlates of perceived social support and its relationship to psychological well-being. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 17:1295668. [PMID: 38259632 PMCID: PMC10800560 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1295668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Perceived social support is considered to play a significant role in promoting individuals' health and well-being, and yet the neural correlates of perceived social support were not fully understood. An exploration of the neural correlates of individual differences in the SPS can help us to gain more comprehensive understanding about the neural correlates of perceived social support. What's more, our study will explore the relationship among perceived social support, brain regions, and psychological well-being, which may provide new insights into the neural correlates underlying the relationship between perceived social support and psychological well-being from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience. Methods Herein, we used the Social Provisions Scale to assess individuals' perceived social support, and magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the gray matter (GM) volume of the whole brain. What's more, we also measured psychological well-being using the Psychological Well-Being Scale, and mediation analysis was used to explore the relationship among perceived social support, brain regions, and psychological well-being. Results The voxel-based morphometry analysis of the whole brain revealed that perceived social support was positively correlated with GM volume of the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). The finding indicated that a person with greater GM volume in the left MTG perceived more social support. More importantly, the left MTG GM volume observed above was also associated with psychological well-being, and the link between the two was mediated by perceived social support. Discussion These results revealed the importance of MTG for perceived social support and psychological well-being, and also suggested that perceived social support might explain the relationship between MTG and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhua Lu
- School of Marxism, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiying Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Caillot-Ranjeva S, Bergua V, Meillon C, Amieva H. Impact of Cohabitation during Confinement on Older Adults' Negative Affect: What Specificity of Life as a Couple? J Frailty Aging 2024; 13:64-70. [PMID: 38305445 PMCID: PMC10212736 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2023.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation is a risk factor for older adults' physical and psychological health. The beneficial effect of social connections in times of major health events is undeniable. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the positive effect of social support depends on the relationship type. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the influence of older adults' living conditions on the risk of experiencing negative affect during the first lockdown and post-lockdown. DESIGN An epidemiological study conducted during the COVID-19 crisis, at the time of the first lockdown, and 2 to 3 months following the lockdown. SETTING A subset sample of the PACOVID survey, a population-based survey of older adults. PARTICIPANTS Altogether, 277 participants were included into three groups depending on their living conditions: Group 1 "living alone" (n = 141); Group 2 "living with their spouse" (n = 106); Group 3 "living in cohabitation with relatives" (n = 30). MEASUREMENTS Mixed logistic regression analyses were used to study the change in the risk of experiencing negative affects over time according to the living conditions. The presence of negative affects during lockdown was assessed using three items from the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale : «Do you feel sad?»; «Do you feel depressed?; «Do you feel lonely? RESULTS Participants living with their relatives or partner were significantly less likely to experience negative affect than those living alone during lockdown. Moreover, over time, only those living with their spouse had this lesser risk compared to those living alone. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the protective effect of social support over time and more specifically of that provided by the spouse. Couple functioning ought to be given consideration when studying the impact of health crisis situation on the mental health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Caillot-Ranjeva
- Valérie Bergua, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, 146 rue Léo Saignat, CS61292, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France, Phone: 0033 5 57 57 56 44 / Fax: 0033 5 57 57 14 86
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Cho H, Li P, Ngien A, Tan MG, Chen A, Nekmat E. The bright and dark sides of social media use during COVID-19 lockdown: Contrasting social media effects through social liability vs. social support. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023; 146:107795. [PMID: 37124630 PMCID: PMC10123536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
There exist ongoing discussions regarding whether, when, or why heightened reliance on social media becomes benefits or drawbacks, especially in times of crisis. Using the concepts of social liability, social support, and cognitive appraisal theory, this study examines distinct theoretical pathways through which the relational use of social media has contrasting impacts on cognitive appraisals of and emotional responses to the COVID-19 lockdown. We collected online survey data from 494 social media users in the U.S. during the COVID-19 lockdown. The results based on structural equation modeling (SEM) showed double-edged social media effects. When social media use results in perceived social support, it has a favorable impact on coping appraisals of the COVID-19 lockdown. This, in turn, is associated with lower levels of negative affective responses, such as anger, anxiety, and loneliness. In contrast, when social media use results in increased social liability (i.e., obligation to provide support to others), it negatively impacts cognitive appraisals and affective responses. The study makes significant contributions by unpacking two distinct theoretical mechanisms underlying social media effects: particularly social liability which has been underexplored but was found to be an essential concept to explain the dualistic impact of social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichang Cho
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pengxiang Li
- School of Journalism and Communication, Minzu University of China, China
| | - Annabel Ngien
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marion Grace Tan
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anfan Chen
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Elmie Nekmat
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Lu H, Li X, Wang Y, Song Y, Liu J. Hippocampus links perceived social support with self-esteem. Soc Neurosci 2023; 18:132-141. [PMID: 37200111 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2023.2216471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-esteem is an important psychological resource with adaptive values, and numerous investigations have revealed that self-esteem is influenced by perceived social support. However, the potential neural basis linking perceived social support with self-esteem remains unclear. Therefore, we used voxel-based morphometry to explore whether the hippocampus and amygdala function as the neuroanatomical basis linking perceived social support with self-esteem in a cohort of 243 young healthy adults (128 women; mean age 22.64 years, standard deviation 1.01 years). The Social Provisions Scale and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale were used for the survey. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the gray matter volume of the hippocampus and amygdala. Correlation analysis revealed that those who perceived more social support had higher self-esteem. Notably, mediation analysis showed that hippocampal gray matter volume linked perceived social support with self-esteem. Our study suggests that the hippocampus plays a primary, but not exclusive, role in linking perceived social support with self-esteem, which provides a novel explanation for how perceived social support affects self-esteem from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhua Lu
- School of Marxism, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiying Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Psychology & Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Shim EJ, Ha H, Kim BR, Kim SM, Moon JY, Hwang JH, Hahm BJ. The Multi-dimensional Assessment of Suicide Risk in Chronic illness-20 (MASC-20): Development and validation. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2023; 83:140-147. [PMID: 37187033 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed and tested the psychometric properties of the Multi-dimensional assessment of suicide risk in chronic illness-20 (MASC-20), which assess suicidal behavior (SB), and its associated distress in chronic physical illness (CPI). METHODS Items were developed by incorporating inputs from patient interviews, a review of existing instruments, and expert consultations. Pilot testing with 109 patients and field testing with 367 patients with renal, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases were conducted. We analyzed Time (T) 1 data to select items and T2 data to examine psychometric properties. RESULTS Forty preliminary items were selected through pilot testing; 20 were finalized from field testing. Optimal internal consistency (α = 0.94) and test-retest reliability (Intra class correlation coefficient = 0.92) of the MASC-20 supported reliability. Good fit of the four-factor model (physical distress, psychological distress, social distress, and SB) from exploratory structural equation modeling demonstrated factorial validity. Its correlations with MINI suicidality (r = 0.59) and the Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death-abbreviated scores (r = 0.62) indicated convergent validity. Higher MASC-20 scores in patients with clinical levels of depression and anxiety and low health status demonstrated known-group validity. The MASC-20 distress score predicted SB beyond known SB risk factors, supporting incremental validity. A cutoff score of 16 was optimal for identifying suicide risk. The area under the curve was within a moderately accurate range. The sum of sensitivity and specificity (1.66) indicated diagnostic utility. LIMITATIONS MASC-20's applicability to other patient populations and its sensitivity to change requires testing. CONCLUSIONS The MASC-20 appears to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing SB in CPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Shim
- Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeju Ha
- Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongin Regional Rehabilitation Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chamjoeun Hospital, Gwangju-si, Gyeongi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Hahm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Deng H, Vu KQ, Franco JR, Shepler LJ, Abouzeid CA, Hamner JW, Mercier HW, Taylor JA, Kazis LE, Slavin MD, Ryan CM, Schneider JC. Digital Interventions for Social Participation in Adults with Long-term Physical Conditions: A Systematic Review. J Med Syst 2023; 47:26. [PMID: 36792791 PMCID: PMC9931567 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-023-01914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to identify and evaluate digital interventions for social participation in the growing population of adults with long-term physical conditions. Articles were sourced from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases using subject headings and keywords related to "social participation" and "digital technology". Studies that adopted digital technology interventions to improve social participation in adults with long-term physical conditions were included. Data on study methodology, participant and digital intervention characteristics, and findings related to social participation were extracted. The search yielded a total of 4646 articles and 14 articles met criteria for final review with five randomized controlled trials, two non-randomized clinical trials and seven one-group pretest-posttest clinical trials. Studies were organized based on the digital intervention strategy implemented to improve social participation: group support (n = 4), individual skill training or counseling (n = 6), education and support (n = 3), and mixed intervention (n = 1). The group support interventions developed a social network among participants through videoconference, app, or virtual reality platform. Three studies reported positive improvements in different aspects of social participation. Individual skill training or counseling mainly utilized phone calls to help participants cope with activity participation and interpersonal relationship issues. Only two studies demonstrated benefits for social participation. The education and support intervention, which used messages and website information to increase participants' knowledge and provide support, showed positive findings in three studies. This review suggests digital interventions for improving social participation in adults with long-term physical conditions are feasible and the effectiveness of different strategies may vary.Registration: This review was prospectively registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (registry number: CRD42021254105).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Deng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Q Vu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessie R Franco
- Department of Rehabilitation Services, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren J Shepler
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Cailin A Abouzeid
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - J W Hamner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Hannah W Mercier
- Occupational Therapy Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - J Andrew Taylor
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lewis E Kazis
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary D Slavin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colleen M Ryan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston®, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Schneider
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Perceived social support declines after deep brain stimulation surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1463-1468. [PMID: 36307657 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Social Provisions Scale (SPS) measures a person's perceived social support. We evaluated the perceived social support in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients before and after subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) and its impact on clinical outcomes following DBS. METHODS We analyzed 55 PD patients who underwent STN DBS surgery and completed the SPS, PDQ-39, and MDS-UPDRS Parts I-IV before and 6-12 months after surgery. Some patients also completed global cognitive, mood and apathy scales. Caregivers completed the CBI at each visit. Linear regression models and linear mixed models evaluated the association between the SPS baseline score, MDS-UPDRS and PDQ-39 scores, the association between MDS-UPDRS, CBI and the SPS follow-up score, and the association between SPS, global cognition and other psychological variables. RESULTS DBS implantation improved MDS-UPDRS I-IV and PDQ-39 scores. Perceived social support declined after DBS (baseline SPS total 82.55 ± 7.52 vs. follow-up SPS total 78.83 ± 9.02, p = 0.0001). Baseline SPS total score was not significantly associated with the MDS-UPDRS or PDQ-39 scores at follow-up. MDS-UPDRS scores and the CBI at follow-up had no significant association with SPS total score at follow-up. Measures of global cognition, mood and apathy were associated with the SPS before and after DBS, and the association was independent of STN DBS. CONCLUSION After STN DBS, PD patients experienced a decrease in perceived social support, but baseline perceived social support did not impact clinical outcomes. It is important to further identify factors that may contribute to this perception of worsened social support.
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Adolfo CS, Albougami ASB, Roque MY, Aruta JJBR, Almazan JU. An integrative review of negative emotions of older adults in later life. Nurs Forum 2022; 57:1452-1464. [PMID: 35962773 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are one of the most vulnerable populations requiring scientific, psychological, and clinical attention. Although several studies have explored psychoemotional needs in later life, one critical gap in the literature is a shortage of studies comprehensively reviewing negative emotional experiences and their antecedents associated with later life. AIM This integrative review aims to identify negative emotional experiences during older adult years. METHODS This review of articles from Medline, CINAHL, Science Direct, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Taylor and Francis synthesized negative emotional experiences during older adult years. Across these six electronic databases, we searched and identified 17 relevant articles from 2005 to 2020 containing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies. RESULTS Based on the review, we identified five negative emotions (sadness, anxiety, frustration, anger, and loneliness). These negative emotions were rooted in marital problems, separation from families, medical problems, physical functioning and disability, and financial limitations. Additionally, we identified common antecedents of negative emotions. CONCLUSION At the center of numerous interventions, older adults are reinvigorated to understand the antecedents of negative emotions. The complex array of emotions, specifically regrets and frustration in later life, is depicted by more negativity than positivity. Such array of emotions could help develop strategies to prevent the causes of regret and frustration that nurses see when working with older adults in a clinical practice setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cris S Adolfo
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mark Y Roque
- College of Nursing, Taibah University, Taibah, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Jamir Benzon R Aruta
- Counseling and Educational Psychology Department, Br. Andrew Gonzalez, FSC College of Education, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Psychology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Joseph U Almazan
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan, Kazakhstan
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A Conceptual Review of Loneliness in Adults: Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111522. [PMID: 34770035 PMCID: PMC8582800 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The paper reports an evidence synthesis of how loneliness is conceptualised in qualitative studies in adults. Using PRISMA guidelines, our review evaluated exposure to or experiences of loneliness by adults (aged 16+) in any setting as outcomes, processes, or both. Our initial review included any qualitative or mixed-methods study, published or unpublished, in English, from 1945 to 2018, if it employed an identified theory or concept for understanding loneliness. The review was updated to include publications up to November 2020. We used a PEEST (Participants, Exposure, Evaluation, Study Design, Theory) inclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality assessment (CASP) were completed and cross-checked by a second reviewer. The Evidence of Reviews of Qualitative Research (CERQual) was used to evaluate confidence in the findings. We undertook a thematic synthesis using inductive methods for peer-reviewed papers. The evidence identified three types of distinct but overlapping conceptualisations of loneliness: social, emotional, and existential. We have high confidence in the evidence conceptualising social loneliness and moderate confidence in the evidence on emotional and existential loneliness. Our findings provide a more nuanced understanding of these diverse conceptualisations to inform more effective decision-making and intervention development to address the negative wellbeing impacts of loneliness.
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Bruce P, Pesut B, Dunlop R, Puurveen G, Duggleby W. (Dis)Connecting Through COVID-19: Experiences of Older Persons in the Context of a Volunteer-Client Relationship. Can J Aging 2021; 40:1-11. [PMID: 34666866 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980821000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and mandated physical distancing requirements significantly impacted volunteer programs for older persons with many long-standing programs either ceasing altogether or pivoting to connecting through virtual technologies. In this study, we collected qualitative interview data from 23 clients and 33 volunteers to investigate their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects on the volunteer-client relationship. Three themes were identified: pandemic emotions, negotiating social interactions, and growing through the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings provide important insights into the experiences of hospice organizations and their volunteers and clients during the COVID 19 pandemic, further highlighting the importance of acknowledging both older persons' vulnerability and their resilience, of building in compassionate community approaches to care, and of finding innovative ways to foster volunteer-client relationships during times when physical visiting is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paxton Bruce
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Barbara Pesut
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Rowena Dunlop
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Gloria Puurveen
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Wendy Duggleby
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Kemmis E, Ashby S, MacDonald-Wicks L. The impact of a power mobility device on occupational participation and quality of life for people with chronic diseases: A scoping review. Br J Occup Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/03080226211034420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The aim was to explore occupational participation and quality of life (QoL) for power mobility device users with chronic disease. Methods Arksey and O’Malley’s framework for scoping reviews was used. Six data bases were searched using keywords: wheelchair, scooter, QoL and participation. Data were extracted with coding and thematic analysis performed. Results Forty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. An overarching theme of enhanced QoL was identified with subthemes of (i) independence, (ii) enabling participation in instrumental activities of daily living, (iii) enhanced social participation and leisure, (iv) environmental barriers to occupational participation, (vi) power mobility device (PMD) performance concerns impacting occupational participation and (vii) overcoming risk of harm through PMD training. Conclusion The scoping review identified a heterogeneity of study designs and outcome measures, which makes comparison between studies difficult. For people with chronic diseases, PMDs improve independence in occupational participation, particularly in IADL, social participation and leisure. Unfortunately, improved QoL was often inferred, without the use of an outcome measure. Areas which impacted occupational participation for PMD users were environmental barriers and a lack of PMD training. Further research is needed to understand the impact of a PMD on QoL and occupational participation for those with chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kemmis
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha Ashby
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Lesley MacDonald-Wicks
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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The experience of close personal relationships after stroke: scoping review and thematic analysis of qualitative literature. BRAIN IMPAIR 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2021.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Purpose:
Psychosocial difficulties, including changed relationships are among the most pervasive and concerning issues following stroke. This study aimed to collate and thematically analyse qualitative literature describing the experience of close personal relationships from the perspective of stroke survivors.
Method:
Using a scoping review methodology, four databases (CINAHL/EBSCO, MEDLINE/Pubmed, Embase, Psychinfo) were systematically searched, yielding 3100 citations. Following exclusion of duplicates and screening against inclusion criteria at title/abstract and full text levels, 53 articles were included in the review. Data were charted and thematically analysed.
Results:
While research has increased since 2000, longitudinal designs are few. Four overarching themes and 12 subthemes were identified. ‘Social disruption’ described changing social worlds, lost social opportunities and shrinking networks. ‘Changed relationships’ included changed family and spousal relationships and changed parenting relationships. The third theme ‘relationships help’ highlighted positive aspects including belonging, support and a life worth living. The final theme was ‘coping with an altered social world’ and described adjustment and emotional responses.
Conclusions:
Relationships are an important aspect of life post stroke but are subject to changes and challenges. This article brings together a breadth of qualitative data to describe lived experiences. Further research, in particular, longitudinal research is required.
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14
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Nielsen DS, Hansen RF, Beck SH, Wensien J, Masud T, Ryg J. Older patients' perspectives and experience of hospitalisation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative explorative study. Int J Older People Nurs 2021; 16:e12362. [PMID: 33389798 PMCID: PMC7883232 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives The aim of this study was to gain in‐depth knowledge and an increased understanding on how isolation from close relatives and carers, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, impacted older patients during hospitalisation in a Geriatric department. Method We conducted a qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews and a phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach, to get an understanding of the older participants' perspectives and lived experiences. Complete interviews were available for 11 patients—six men and five women, between 69 and 91 years of age. Results The participants' narratives identified several themes. Feeling isolated from and having no contact with close relatives or carers was prominent. The COVID‐19 pandemic created fear and anxiety among hospitalized patients. Relationships with family members and some staff became strained. The transformation from being “a person” to being “a patient” and loss of dignity, autonomy and a “sense of self” were themes identified in the analysis. Although virtual contact can't replace the real world, the use of technology to maintain contact with family and carers, and the need for help from hospital staff in facilitating this contact was deemed important. The environment of care was a prominent theme. The attitude of staff made a difference to how patients felt and some patients expressed a loss of decision‐making capability. The interviews were challenging in some cases because the interviews had to be interrupted or shortened due to ethical considerations around the individual person's needs and condition. Conclusions and implication for practice Our study provided in‐depth knowledge on how older patients experienced hospitalisation during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a Danish hospital. The results emphasise that compassionate care includes a willingness to listen to older patients' narratives and to imagine life as depicted by them. This can lead to better understanding of an individual person's needs and increase the quality of care provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorthe Susanne Nielsen
- Migrant Health Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Sanne Have Beck
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jette Wensien
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tahir Masud
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jesper Ryg
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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15
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Anxiety of Older Persons Living Alone in the Community. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8030287. [PMID: 32842602 PMCID: PMC7551571 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is a common mental health problem among older persons, and the prevalence is higher in those who live alone than those who live with others. This study aimed to explore the experiences of anxiety in older persons living alone. A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to collect and analyze the interview data from 15 older persons (5 males, 10 females) living alone in Seoul, South Korea. Four main themes emerged from the data analysis: fear of being alone, concern about having an aged body, apprehension mixed with depression and loneliness, and fear of economic difficulties. These findings indicate that older persons living alone should receive continuous attention to prevent them from being neglected and their anxiety from worsening. Above all, it is vital to ensure comprehensive support for older persons living alone to alleviate their anxiety.
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16
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Smith J, Ali P, Birks Y, Curtis P, Fairbrother H, Kirk S, Saltiel D, Thompson J, Swallow V. Umbrella review of family‐focused care interventions supporting families where a family member has a long‐term condition. J Adv Nurs 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Smith
- School of Healthcare University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | | | - Yvonne Birks
- Social Policy Research Unit University of York York UK
| | - Penny Curtis
- School of Nursing & Midwifery University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | | | - Susan Kirk
- School of Health Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | | | - Jill Thompson
- School of Nursing & Midwifery University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Veronica Swallow
- College of Health Wellbeing and Life SciencesSheffield Hallan University Sheffield UK
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17
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Roos V, Keating N, Kahl C. Loneliness of older black South African women subjected to forcible relocation. Glob Health Action 2020; 12:1672329. [PMID: 31594491 PMCID: PMC6792040 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1672329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A cohort of older black South African women, forcibly relocated during apartheid, has grown old in these places. Even after 50 years, residents in a rural township expressed no connection to place and ruptured intergenerational relations. Their sense of community was based almost exclusively on their links with others who shared their history of relocation. Objective: This article seeks to understand loneliness of a group of older women who have been rendered vulnerable by longstanding exclusion from community, services and material resources. We use loneliness as a metric for exclusion from social relations. Methods: Sixteen Setswana-speaking women in Ikageng, a township in North West Province of South Africa (age 61–73), participated in the Mmogo-method® and open-ended interviews. Textual data were analyzed using thematic analysis, visual data analysis of elements and symbolic representations of loneliness. Results: Loneliness is a powerfully unpleasant experience of not being able to interact with other people in general, or more specifically as a result of the loss of particular people (including spouses, parents and children) and isolation provoked by the impact of relational interactions and group dynamics. Loneliness was mitigated by socializing and gathering for traditional activities, performing spiritual rituals, and keeping busy individually or with others, thus reinforcing a core theme that any social interaction alleviates loneliness. Conclusions: Even though loneliness is powerfully unpleasant, it is an expression of the importance of social interactions formed in a particular context. In the face of longstanding societal exclusion and disconnection from community, social connections are central to identity and to survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Roos
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University , Vanderbijlpark , South Africa
| | - Norah Keating
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University , Vanderbijlpark , South Africa.,Centre for Innovative Ageing, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - Carlien Kahl
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University , Vanderbijlpark , South Africa
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18
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Oliveira LMD, Abrantes GGD, Ribeiro GDS, Cunha NM, Pontes MDLDF, Vasconcelos SC. Loneliness in senescence and its relationship with depressive symptoms: an integrative review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562019022.190241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The increase in life expectancy and the percentage increase in the older population are related to the reduction in quality of life and social life due to the biopsychosocial changes inherent to the aging process. The present study aimed to verify scientific evidence on the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms among older adults. An integrative review was carried out using the following databases: SCOPUS, PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL and PyscINFO, applying the descriptors indexed in the Mesh Terms and DeCS “aged”, “loneliness”, “depression”. The PICOS strategy was used to prepare the title and guiding question and the PRISMA methodological guidelines were used to write the report of this review. A total of 827 articles were identified, of which 23 were selected, 16 from the database and seven through a reverse search. Loneliness and depression have some characteristics in common, so that when one of these conditions develops in older adults, another is stimulated. Thus, loneliness is a major risk factor for the development of depression, just as depression is an aggravating factor for loneliness in older adults.
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19
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Heys M, Gibbons F, Haworth E, Medeiros E, Tumbahangphe KM, Wickenden M, Shrestha M, Costello A, Manandhar D, Pellicano E. The Estimated Prevalence of Autism in School-Aged Children Living in Rural Nepal Using a Population-Based Screening Tool. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 48:3483-3498. [PMID: 29855757 PMCID: PMC6153945 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Few data exist on the prevalence of autism in low-income countries. We translated, adapted and tested the acceptability of a Nepali-language version of a screening tool for autism (Autism Quotient-10). Using this tool, we estimated autism prevalence in 4098 rural Nepali children aged 9-13 years. Fourteen children scored > 6 out of 10, indicative of elevated autistic symptomatology, of which 13 also screened positive for disability. If the AQ-10 screening tool is as sensitive and specific in the Nepali population as it is in the UK, this would yield an estimated true prevalence of 3 in 1000 (95% confidence interval 2-5 in 1000). Future research is required to validate this tool through in-depth assessments of high-scoring children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Heys
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Ed Haworth
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emilie Medeiros
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mary Wickenden
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Merina Shrestha
- Autism Care Society, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Department of Child Health, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Anthony Costello
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (MCA), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Elizabeth Pellicano
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Educational Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Paque K, Bastiaens H, Van Bogaert P, Dilles T. Living in a nursing home: a phenomenological study exploring residents’ loneliness and other feelings. Scand J Caring Sci 2018; 32:1477-1484. [DOI: 10.1111/scs.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Paque
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Department of Nursing Science; Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC); University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Hilde Bastiaens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care (ELIZA); Centre for General Practice (CHA); University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Peter Van Bogaert
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Department of Nursing Science; Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC); University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Tinne Dilles
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Department of Nursing Science; Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC); University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery; Thomas More University College; Lier Belgium
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21
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Yanguas J, Pinazo-Henandis S, Tarazona-Santabalbina FJ. The complexity of loneliness. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2018; 89:302-314. [PMID: 29957768 PMCID: PMC6179015 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v89i2.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness is a prevalent and global problem for adult populations, and a number of different studies have linked it to multiple chronic conditions, including: heart disease, lung disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, stroke, and metabolic disorders, such as obesity and metabolic disease. Is a major predictor of psychological problems, such as depression, psychological stress, and anxiety. Loneliness is linked to overall morbidity and mortality in adult populations. But limited interventions have demonstrated long-term effectiveness in reducing loneliness in adults with these same chronic conditions. Our research of the extant literature addresses the following question: What evidence exists regarding the relationships between loneliness and health? We focus on recent findings with respect to the links between loneliness and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Yanguas
- Scientific Director of the Elderly Program. "la Caixa" Banking Foundation. (Spain). President of the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the IAGG-EU.
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22
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Zeligman M, Varney M, Grad RI, Huffstead M. Posttraumatic Growth in Individuals With Chronic Illness: The Role of Social Support and Meaning Making. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Zeligman
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services; Georgia State University
| | - Melanie Varney
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services; Georgia State University
| | - Ramona I. Grad
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services; Georgia State University
| | - Mary Huffstead
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services; Georgia State University
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23
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Kitzmüller G, Clancy A, Vaismoradi M, Wegener C, Bondas T. "Trapped in an Empty Waiting Room"-The Existential Human Core of Loneliness in Old Age: A Meta-Synthesis. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:213-230. [PMID: 29235943 DOI: 10.1177/1049732317735079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness in old age has a negative influence on quality of life, health, and survival. To understand the phenomenon of loneliness in old age, the voices of lonely older adults should be heard. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-synthesis was to synthesize scientific studies of older adults' experiences of loneliness. Eleven qualitative articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed and synthesized according to Noblit and Hare's meta-ethnographic approach. The analysis revealed the overriding meaning of the existential human core of loneliness in old age expressed through the metaphor "trapped in an empty waiting room." Four interwoven themes were found: (a) the negative emotions of loneliness, (b) the loss of meaningful interpersonal relationships, (c) the influence of loneliness on self-perception, and (d) the older adults' endeavors to deal with loneliness. The joint contribution of family members, health care providers, and volunteers is necessary to break the vicious circle of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Clancy
- 2 UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Harstad, Norway
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24
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Courtin E, Knapp M. Social isolation, loneliness and health in old age: a scoping review. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2017; 25:799-812. [PMID: 26712585 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 644] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The health and well-being consequences of social isolation and loneliness in old age are increasingly being recognised. The purpose of this scoping review was to take stock of the available evidence and to highlight gaps and areas for future research. We searched nine databases for empirical papers investigating the impact of social isolation and/or loneliness on a range of health outcomes in old age. Our search, conducted between July and September 2013 yielded 11,736 articles, of which 128 items from 15 countries were included in the scoping review. Papers were reviewed, with a focus on the definitions and measurements of the two concepts, associations and causal mechanisms, differences across population groups and interventions. The evidence is largely US-focused, and loneliness is more researched than social isolation. A recent trend is the investigation of the comparative effects of social isolation and loneliness. Depression and cardiovascular health are the most often researched outcomes, followed by well-being. Almost all (but two) studies found a detrimental effect of isolation or loneliness on health. However, causal links and mechanisms are difficult to demonstrate, and further investigation is warranted. We found a paucity of research focusing on at-risk sub-groups and in the area of interventions. Future research should aim to better link the evidence on the risk factors for loneliness and social isolation and the evidence on their impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Courtin
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Personal Social Services Research Unit, London, UK
| | - Martin Knapp
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Personal Social Services Research Unit, London, UK
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25
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26
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Taube E, Jakobsson U, Midlöv P, Kristensson J. Being in a Bubble: the experience of loneliness among frail older people. J Adv Nurs 2015; 72:631-40. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Taube
- Center for Primary Health Care Research; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Ulf Jakobsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Patrik Midlöv
- Center for Primary Health Care Research; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Jimmie Kristensson
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Sweden
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27
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Drageset J, Eide GE, Dysvik E, Furnes B, Hauge S. Loneliness, loss, and social support among cognitively intact older people with cancer, living in nursing homes--a mixed-methods study. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:1529-36. [PMID: 26451093 PMCID: PMC4590337 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s88404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is a significant psychosocial effect following a cancer diagnosis and may prevent people from engaging in social activities, thus creating difficulties in interpersonal relationships. This study investigated loneliness and social support among cognitively intact nursing home residents with cancer by using a quantitatively driven mixed-methods design with sequential supplementary qualitative components. METHODS The quantitative component consisted of face-to-face interviews of 60 nursing home residents (≥65 years) using the one-item Loneliness Scale and the Social Provisions Scale. The supplementary psychosocial component consisted of qualitative research interviews about experiences related to loneliness with nine respondents. RESULTS The quantitative results indicated that reassurance of worth was associated with loneliness. The experience of loneliness was identified by the following: loneliness that was dominated by a feeling of inner pain, feeling of loss, and feeling small. Loneliness was alleviated by the following: being engaged in activities, being in contact with other people, and occupying oneself. CONCLUSION Enhancing the lives of nursing home residents with cancer requires attending to the residents' experience of loneliness and social relationships in a targeted and individualized manner. This might require screening all nursing home residents for early detection of loneliness. Revealing factors that may contribute to or reduce loneliness improves the ability to enhance people's lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorunn Drageset
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Egil Eide
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elin Dysvik
- Department of Health Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Bodil Furnes
- Department of Health Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Solveig Hauge
- Faculty of Health and Social Studies and Centre for Caring Research – Southern Norway, Telemark University College, Porsgrunn, Norway
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28
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Haanes GG, Kirkevold M, Horgen G, Hofoss D, Eilertsen G. Sensory impairments in community health care: a descriptive study of hearing and vision among elderly Norwegians living at home. J Multidiscip Healthc 2014; 7:217-25. [PMID: 24920916 PMCID: PMC4045259 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s58461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hearing and vision impairments increase with age and are common risk factors for functional decline reduced social participation and withdrawal. Objective Describe the hearing and vision of home care patients older than 80 years. Methods Ninety-three older adults (80+ years) receiving home care were screened for hearing and vision in their homes. Data were collected using a HEINE Mini 3000® Otoscope to examine the eardrum and presence of earwax, an Entomed SA201-IV portable pure-tone audiometer to measure the pure-tone average (PTAV), a logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution chart to measure visual acuity (VA), and the Combined Serious Sensory Impairment interview guide. Results Slight and moderate hearing impairments were found in 41% and 47% of the population, respectively (mean PTAV =40.4 dB for the better ear), and 40% and 56% had impaired and slightly impaired vision, respectively (mean VA =0.45 for the better eye). The participants’ self-assessments of hearing and vision were only weakly correlated with PTAV and VA values. The visual function was significantly worse in men than in women (P=0.033). Difficulty in performing instrumental activities of daily living because of hearing and vision impairments was experienced by 17% of the participants, whereas 76% experienced no difficulties. When many people were present, 72% of the participants found it difficult to understand speech. Nearly 30% found it tiring to read, and 41% could not read very small print. Conclusion The patients’ self-assessments of their hearing and vision did not correlate strongly with their VA and PTAV scores. Asking the elderly about their overall hearing and vision ability is not sufficient for detecting sensory impairment, and asking more specific questions about what they could not hear and see was not an adequate indicator of the patients’ hearing and vision problems. To detect hearing and vision impairments among elderly home care patients, standardized measurements of their hearing and vision are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gunnar Horgen
- Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Kongsberg, Norway
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