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Su YT, Chen CH, Kang JW, Kuo HY, Yang CC, Tian YF, Yeh CF, Chou CL, Chen SH. Predictive value of FCGBP expression for treatment response and survival in rectal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7889-7901. [PMID: 38709264 PMCID: PMC11131975 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) being the established standard for treating advanced rectal cancer, clinical outcomes remain suboptimal, necessitating the identification of predictive biomarkers for improved treatment decisions. Previous studies have hinted at the oncogenic properties of the Fc fragment of IgG binding protein (FCGBP) in various cancers; however, its clinical significance in rectal cancer remains unclear. In this study, we first conducted an analysis of a public transcriptome comprising 46 rectal cancer patients. Focusing on cell adhesion during data mining, we identified FCGBP as the most upregulated gene associated with CRT resistance. Subsequently, we assessed FCGBP immunointensity using immunohistochemical staining on 343 rectal cancer tissue blocks. Elevated FCGBP immunointensity correlated with lymph node involvement before treatment (p = 0.001), tumor invasion, and lymph node involvement after treatment (both p < 0.001), vascular invasion (p = 0.001), perineural invasion (p = 0.041), and reduced tumor regression (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between high FCGBP immunoexpression and inferior disease-specific survival, local recurrence-free survival, and metastasis-free survival (all p ≤ 0.0002). Furthermore, high FCGBP immunoexpression independently emerged as an unfavorable prognostic factor for all three survival outcomes in the multivariate analysis (all p ≤ 0.025). Enriched pathway analysis substantiated the role of FCGBP in conferring resistance to radiation. In summary, our findings suggest that elevated FCGBP immunoexpression in rectal cancer significantly correlates with a poor response to CRT and diminished patient survival. FCGBP holds promise as a valuable prognostic biomarker for rectal cancer patients undergoing CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Su
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Wen Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fa Yeh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
- Department of Environment Engineering and Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chou
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hung Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
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Radziejewska I. Galectin-3 and Epithelial MUC1 Mucin-Interactions Supporting Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2680. [PMID: 37345016 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface proteins is a very common feature of many cancers. One of the glycoproteins, which undergoes specific alterations in the glycosylation of tumor cells is epithelial MUC1 mucin, which is highly overexpressed in the malignant state. Such changes lead to the appearance of tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) on MUC1, which are rarely seen in healthy cells. One of these structures is the Thomsen-Friedenreich disaccharide Galβ1-3GalNAc (T or TF antigen), which is typical for about 90% of cancers. It was revealed that increased expression of the T antigen has a big impact on promoting cancer progression and metastasis, among others, due to the interaction of this antigen with the β-galactose binding protein galectin-3 (Gal-3). In this review, we summarize current information about the interactions between the T antigen on MUC1 mucin and Gal-3, and their impact on cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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Zhang Y, Sun L, Lei C, Li W, Han J, Zhang J, Zhang Y. A Sweet Warning: Mucin-Type O-Glycans in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223666. [PMID: 36429094 PMCID: PMC9688771 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification process of proteins. Mucin-type O-glycosylation is an O-glycosylation that starts from protein serine/threonine residues. Normally, it is involved in the normal development and differentiation of cells and tissues, abnormal glycosylation can lead to a variety of diseases, especially cancer. This paper reviews the normal biosynthesis of mucin-type O-glycans and their role in the maintenance of body health, followed by the mechanisms of abnormal mucin-type O-glycosylation in the development of diseases, especially tumors, including the effects of Tn, STn, T antigen, and different glycosyltransferases, with special emphasis on their role in the development of gastric cancer. Finally, tumor immunotherapy targeting mucin-type O-glycans was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Lingbo Sun
- Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Changda Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ninth Hospital of Xi‘an, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Jiaqi Han
- Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology and Detection of Yan’an, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
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Liu Q, Niu X, Li Y, Zhang JR, Zhu SJ, Yang QY, Zhang W, Gong L. Role of the mucin-like glycoprotein FCGBP in mucosal immunity and cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:863317. [PMID: 35936008 PMCID: PMC9354016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.863317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
IgGFc-binding protein (FCGBP) is a mucin first detected in the intestinal epithelium. It plays an important role in innate mucosal epithelial defense, tumor metastasis, and tumor immunity. FCGBP forms disulfide-linked heterodimers with mucin-2 and members of the trefoil factor family. These formed complexes inhibit bacterial attachment to mucosal surfaces, affect the motility of pathogens, and support their clearance. Altered FCGBP expression levels may be important in the pathologic processes of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. FCGBP is also involved in regulating the infiltration of immune cells into tumor microenvironments. Thus, the molecule is a valuable marker of tumor prognosis. This review summarizes the functional relevance and role of FCGBP in immune responses and disease development, and highlights the potential role in diagnosis and predicting tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xia Niu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jia-rui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shao-jun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qi-yuan Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Li Gong, ; Wei Zhang,
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Li Gong, ; Wei Zhang,
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Zhu JJ, Yuan D, Sun RJ, Liu SY, Shan NN. Mucin mutations and aberrant expression are associated with the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia. Thromb Res 2020; 194:222-228. [PMID: 33213847 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. In this study, we aimed to identify the mutations and aberrant expression of mucins associated with ITP pathogenesis. METHODS First, we investigated the DNA mutation profile of bone marrow samples from patients with ITP (n = 20) by using next-generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, MUC3A, MUC5B and MUC6 were mutated in all patients with ITP. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay) was used to measure MUC3A, MUC5B and MUC6 levels in the plasma of bone marrow fluid mononuclear cells (BMMCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to study the mRNA expression levels of MUC3A, MUC5B and MUC6 in BMMCs and PBMCs. RESULTS The results indicated that there were 3998 missense mutations involving 2269 genes in more than 10 individuals. MUC3A levels were not significantly different among the three groups, whereas MUC5B and MUC6 expression were significantly down-regulated in patients with ITP compared with healthy controls. In addition, serum MUC5B and MUC6 levels were significantly higher in patients with ITP in clinical remission than in patients with active ITP. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that genetic alterations and the aberrant serum expression of mucins might be involved in the pathogenesis of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jie Sun
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning-Ning Shan
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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Bhatia R, Gautam SK, Cannon A, Thompson C, Hall BR, Aithal A, Banerjee K, Jain M, Solheim JC, Kumar S, Batra SK. Cancer-associated mucins: role in immune modulation and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:223-236. [PMID: 30618016 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-09775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucins (MUC) protect epithelial barriers from environmental insult to maintain homeostasis. However, their aberrant overexpression and glycosylation in various malignancies facilitate oncogenic events from inception to metastasis. Mucin-associated sialyl-Tn (sTn) antigens bind to various receptors present on the dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells, resulting in overall immunosuppression by either receptor masking or inhibition of cytolytic activity. MUC1-mediated interaction of tumor cells with innate immune cells hampers cross-presentation of processed antigens on MHC class I molecules. MUC1 and MUC16 bind siglecs and mask Toll-like receptors (TLRs), respectively, on DCs promoting an immature DC phenotype that in turn reduces T cell effector functions. Mucins, such as MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, and MUC16, interact with or form aggregates with neutrophils, macrophages, and platelets, conferring protection to cancer cells during hematological dissemination and facilitate their spread and colonization to the metastatic sites. On the contrary, poor glycosylation of MUC1 and MUC4 at the tandem repeat region (TR) generates cancer-specific immunodominant epitopes. The presence of MUC16 neo-antigen-specific T cell clones and anti-MUC1 antibodies in cancer patients suggests that mucins can serve as potential targets for developing cancer therapeutics. The present review summarizes the molecular events involved in mucin-mediated immunomodulation, and metastasis, as well as the utility of mucins as targets for cancer immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Andrew Cannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Christopher Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Bradley R Hall
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Kasturi Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Joyce C Solheim
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA. .,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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7
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Souris JS, Zhang HJ, Dougherty U, Chen NT, Waller JV, Lo LW, Hart J, Chen CT, Bissonnette M. A novel mouse model of sporadic colon cancer induced by combination of conditional Apc genes and chemical carcinogen in the absence of Cre recombinase. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1376-1386. [PMID: 30859181 PMCID: PMC6875902 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although valuable insights into colon cancer biology have been garnered from human colon cancer cell lines and primary colonic tissues, and animal studies using human colon cancer xenografts, immunocompetent mouse models of spontaneous or chemically induced colon cancer better phenocopy human disease. As most sporadic human colon tumors present adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutations, considerable effort has gone into developing mice that express mutant Apc alleles that mimic human colon cancer pathogenesis. A serious limitation of many of these Apc-mutant murine models, however, is that these mice develop numerous tumors in the small intestine but few, if any, in the colon. In this work, we examined three spontaneous mouse models of colon tumorigenesis based upon the widely used multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mouse: mice with either constitutive or conditional Apc mutations alone or in combination with caudal-related homeobox transcription factor CDX2P-Cre transgene - either with or without exposure to the potent colon carcinogen azoxymethane. Using the CDX2 promoter to drive Cre recombinase transgene expression effectively inactivated Apc in colonocytes, creating a model with earlier tumor onset and increased tumor incidence/burden, but without the Min mouse model's small intestine tumorigenesis and susceptibility to intestinal perforation/ulceration/hemorrhage. Most significantly, azoxymethane-treated mice with conditional Apc expression, but absent the Cre recombinase gene, demonstrated nearly 50% tumor incidence with two or more large colon tumors per mouse of human-like histology, but no small intestine tumors - unlike the azoxymethane-resistant C57BL/6J-background Min mouse model. As such this model provides a robust platform for chemoprevention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Souris
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hannah J Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nai-Tzu Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Joseph V Waller
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leu-Wei Lo
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - John Hart
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chin-Tu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Gorlov IP, Gorlova OY, Amos CI. Untouchable genes in the human genome: Identifying ideal targets for cancer treatment. Cancer Genet 2019; 231-232:67-79. [PMID: 30803560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Usually, genes with a higher-than-expected number of somatic mutations in tumor samples are assumed to be cancer related. We identified genes with a fewer-than-expected number of somatic mutations - "untouchable genes". METHODS To predict the expected number of somatic mutations, we used a linear regression model with the number of mutations in the gene as an outcome, and gene characteristics, including gene size, nucleotide composition, level of evolutionary conservation, expression level and others, as predictors. Analysis of residuals from the regression model was used to compare the observed and predicted number of mutations. RESULTS We have identified 19 genes with a less-than-expected number of loss-off-function (nonsense, frameshift or pathogenic missense) mutations - i.e., untouchable genes. The number of silent or neutral missense mutations in untouchable genes was equal or higher than the expected number. Many mucins, including MUC16, MUC17, MUC6, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC12, are untouchable. We hypothesized that untouchable mucins help tumor cells to avoid immune response by providing a protective coat that prevents direct contact between effector immune cells, e.g., cytotoxic T-cells, and tumor cells. Survival analysis of available TCGA data demonstrated that overall survival of patients with low (below the median) expression of untouchable mucins was better compared to patients with high expression of untouchable mucins. Aside from mucins, we have identified a number of other untouchable genes. CONCLUSIONS Untouchable genes may be ideal targets for cancer treatment since suppression of untouchable genes is expected to inhibit survival of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan P Gorlov
- The Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth College, HB7936, One Medical Center Dr., Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States.
| | - Olga Y Gorlova
- The Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth College, HB7936, One Medical Center Dr., Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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Zgodziński W, Grywalska E, Surdacka A, Zinkiewicz K, Majewski M, Szczepanek D, Wallner G, Roliński J. Surface CD200 and CD200R antigens on lymphocytes in advanced gastric cancer: a new potential target for immunotherapy. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:1271-1280. [PMID: 30393481 PMCID: PMC6209723 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.73398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. The membrane glycoprotein CD200, widely expressed on multiple cells/tissues, uses a structurally similar receptor (CD200R), delivering immunoregulatory signals. There is evidence that CD200/CD200R signaling suppresses anti-tumor responses in different types of malignancies. Little is known about the CD200/CD200R pathway in GC. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequencies of CD200+ and CD200R+ lymphocytes in patients with GC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty patients primarily diagnosed with GC and 20 healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled. The viable peripheral blood lymphocytes underwent labeling with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies and were analyzed using a flow cytometer. RESULTS In the GC group, the percentages of T CD3+, CD3+/CD4+, and CD3+/CD8+ cells expressing CD200 antigen were higher than in the control group (p < 0.00013, p < 0.0004, and p < 0.0006, respectively). In the GC group, the frequencies of T CD3+, CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+ cells expressing CD200R were lower than in the control group (p < 0.0009, p < 0.004, and p < 0.002, respectively). The percentage of B CD19+/CD200+ lymphocytes was higher in GC patients than in the control group (p < 0.00005). Lower frequency of B CD19+/CD200R+ cells was observed in GC patients compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). No differences in the frequencies of CD200+ and CD200R+ lymphocytes were found in relation to either UICC stage or histological grading of the tumors. CONCLUSIONS For GC pathogenesis, deregulation of the CD200/CD200R axis is important. High percentages of lymphocytes with CD200 expression may contribute to the continuous T cell activation and development of chronic inflammation and influence gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Zgodziński
- 2 Department of General, Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology of the Alimentary Tract, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Surdacka
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zinkiewicz
- 2 Department of General, Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology of the Alimentary Tract, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Majewski
- 2 Department of General, Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology of the Alimentary Tract, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szczepanek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wallner
- 2 Department of General, Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology of the Alimentary Tract, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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10
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Hadjialirezaei S, Picco G, Beatson R, Burchell J, Stokke BT, Sletmoen M. Interactions between the breast cancer-associated MUC1 mucins and C-type lectin characterized by optical tweezers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175323. [PMID: 28414807 PMCID: PMC5393574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate–protein interactions govern many crucial processes in biological systems including cell recognition events. We have used the sensitive force probe optical tweezers to quantify the interactions occurring between MGL lectins and MUC1 carrying the cancer-associated glycan antigens mucins Tn and STn. Unbinding forces of 7.6±1.1 pN and 7.1±1.1 pN were determined for the MUC1(Tn)—MGL and MUC1(STn)—MGL interactions, at a force loading rate of ~40 pN/s. The interaction strength increased with increasing force loading rate, to 27.1±4.4 and 36.9±3.6 pN at a force loading rate of ~ 310 pN/s. No interactions were detected between MGL and MUC1(ST), a glycoform of MUC1 also expressed by breast carcinoma cells. Interestingly, this glycan (ST) can be found on proteins expressed by normal cells, although in this case not on MUC1. Additionally, GalNAc decorated polyethylene glycol displayed similar rupture forces as observed for MUC1(Tn) and MUC1(STn) when forced to unbind from MGL, indicating that GalNAc is an essential group in these interactions. Since the STn glycan decoration is more frequently found on the surface of carcinomas than the Tn glycan, the binding of MUC1 carrying STn to MGL may be more physiologically relevant and may be in part responsible for some of the characteristics of STn expressing tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soosan Hadjialirezaei
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gianfranco Picco
- Breast Cancer Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Beatson
- Breast Cancer Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joy Burchell
- Breast Cancer Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bjørn Torger Stokke
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Sletmoen
- Department of Biotechnology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Demoulin SA, Somja J, Duray A, Guénin S, Roncarati P, Delvenne PO, Herfs MF, Hubert PM. Cervical (pre)neoplastic microenvironment promotes the emergence of tolerogenic dendritic cells via RANKL secretion. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1008334. [PMID: 26155412 PMCID: PMC4485731 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1008334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections into preneoplastic lesions suggests that infected/malignant cells are not adequately recognized by the immune system. In this study, we demonstrated that cervical/vulvar cancer cells secrete factor(s) that affect both the maturation and function of dendritic cells (DC) leading to a tolerogenic profile. Indeed, DC cocultured with cancer cell lines display both a partially mature phenotype after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) maturation and an altered secretory profile (IL-10high and IL-12p70low). In addition, tumor-converted DC acquire the ability to alter T-cell proliferation and to induce FoxP3+ suppressive T cells from naive CD4+ T cells. Among the immunosuppressive factors implicated in DC alterations in genital (pre)neoplastic microenvironment, we identified receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), a TNF family member, as a potential candidate. For the first time, we showed that RANKL expression strongly increases during cervical progression. We also confirmed that RANKL is directly secreted by cancer cells and this expression is not related to HPV viral oncoprotein induction. Interestingly, the addition of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in coculture experiments reduces significantly the inhibition of DC maturation, the release of a tolerogenic cytokine profile (IL-12low IL-10high) and the induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Our findings suggest that the use of inhibitory molecules directed against RANKL in cervical/vulvar (pre)neoplastic lesions might prevent alterations of DC functionality and represent an attractive strategy to overcome immune tolerance in such cancers.
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Key Words
- LC, Langerhans cells; LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- APC, antigen presenting cells; DC, dendritic cells
- GILZ, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper; HPV, human papillomavirus
- HSIL, high grade intraepithelial lesions
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- ILT3, Immunoglobulin-like transcript 3
- KN, normal keratinocytes
- LSIL, low grade intraepithelial lesion
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cells
- RANKL
- RANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand
- SCC, squamous cell carcinoma
- SIL, squamous intraepithelial neoplasia
- Treg cells
- Treg cells, regulatory T cells
- VIN, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia
- cervical cancers
- dendritic cells
- tolerogenicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie A Demoulin
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology; GIGA-Cancer; University of Liège ; Liège, Belgium
| | - Joan Somja
- Department of Pathology; University Hospital of Liège ; Liège, Belgium
| | - Anaëlle Duray
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology; GIGA-Cancer; University of Liège ; Liège, Belgium
| | - Samuel Guénin
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology; GIGA-Cancer; University of Liège ; Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Roncarati
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology; GIGA-Cancer; University of Liège ; Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Michael F Herfs
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology; GIGA-Cancer; University of Liège ; Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascale M Hubert
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology; GIGA-Cancer; University of Liège ; Liège, Belgium
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12
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Moertel CL, Xia J, LaRue R, Waldron NN, Andersen BM, Prins RM, Okada H, Donson AM, Foreman NK, Hunt MA, Pennell CA, Olin MR. CD200 in CNS tumor-induced immunosuppression: the role for CD200 pathway blockade in targeted immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2014; 2:46. [PMID: 25598973 PMCID: PMC4296547 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-014-0046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological quiescence in the central nervous system (CNS) is a potential barrier to immune mediated anti-tumor response. One suppressive mechanism results from the interaction of parenchyma-derived CD200 and its receptor on myeloid cells. We suggest that CD200/CD200R interactions on myeloid cells expand the myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) population and that blocking tumor-derived CD200 will enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. METHODS CD200 mRNA expression levels in human brain tumor tissue samples were measured by microarray. The amount of circulating CD200 protein in the sera of patients with brain tumors was determined by ELISA and, when corresponding peripheral blood samples were available, was correlated quantitatively with MDSCs. CD200-derived peptides were used as competitive inhibitors in a mouse model of glioblastoma immunotherapy. RESULTS CD200 mRNA levels were measured in human brain tumors, with different expression levels being noted among the sub groups of glioblastoma, medulloblastoma and ependymoma. Serum CD200 concentrations were highest in patients with glioblastoma and correlated significantly with MDSC expansion. Similarly, in vitro studies determined that GL261 cells significantly expanded a MDSC population. Interestingly, a CD200R antagonist inhibited the expansion of murine MDSCs in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, inclusion of CD200R antagonist peptide in glioma tumor lysate-derived vaccines slowed tumor growth and significantly enhanced survival. CONCLUSION These data suggest that CNS-derived tumors can evade immune surveillance by engaging CD200. Because of the homology between mouse and human CD200, our data also suggest that blockade of CD200 binding to its receptor will enhance the efficacy of immune mediated anti-tumor strategies for brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Moertel
- />Department of Pediatrics, hematology/oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Junzhe Xia
- />Department of Pediatrics, hematology/oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- />Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Number 1 of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rebecca LaRue
- />Department of Pediatrics, hematology/oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Nate N Waldron
- />Department of Pediatrics, hematology/oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Brian M Andersen
- />Department of Pediatrics, hematology/oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Robert M Prins
- />Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- />Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Andrew M Donson
- />Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Nicholas K Foreman
- />Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Matthew A Hunt
- />Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | | | - Michael R Olin
- />Department of Pediatrics, hematology/oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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13
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Yang WB, Li CY. Correlations of MUC15 overexpression with clinicopathological features and prognosis of glioma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:254-259. [PMID: 24710941 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal expression of MUC15, a novel cell membrane-associated mucin, has been reported to predict poor survival in several cancers. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of MUC15 in glioma and its correlation with clinicopathological features, including the survival of patients with glioma. The mRNA expression level of MUC15 was determined by RT-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting in seven normal brain tissues and seven glioma tissues, respectively. The protein expression level of MUC15 was immunohistochemically detected in paraffin-embedded samples of 317 glioma tissues and 115 noncancerous brain tissues. The association of MUC15 expression levels with the clinicopathologic features and the prognosis was analyzed. The results showed that both mRNA and protein levels of MUC15 were significantly increased in glioma as compared with those in noncancerous brain tissue. Moreover, MUC15 overexpression was positively correlated with the advanced clinical stages of glioam patients (P<0.01). Furthermore, MUC15 expression levels were significantly correlated with the progression of glioma (P<0.001). Survival analysis indicated that glioma patients with higher MUC15 expression had a significantly shorter overall and 5-year survival time than those with low MUC15 expression. Multivariate analysis suggested that MUC15 overexpression was an independent factor for prognosis (hazard risk: 3.216; P=0.009). It was concluded that MUC15 is overexpressed in glioma tissues. Its overexpression correlates with tumor progression and it is a potentially unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bing Yang
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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14
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Poggi A, Musso A, Dapino I, Zocchi MR. Mechanisms of tumor escape from immune system: role of mesenchymal stromal cells. Immunol Lett 2014; 159:55-72. [PMID: 24657523 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment represents the site where the tumor tries to survive and escape from immune system-mediated recognition. Indeed, to proliferate tumor cells can divert the immune response inducing the generation of myeloid derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells which can limit the efficiency of effector antitumor lymphocytes in eliminating neoplastic cells. Many components of the tumor microenvironment can serve as a double sword for the tumor and the host. Several types of fibroblast-like cells, which herein we define mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), secrete extracellular matrix components and surrounding the tumor mass can limit the expansion of the tumor. On the other hand, MSC can interfere with the immune recognition of tumor cells producing immunoregulatory cytokines as transforming growth factor (TGF)ß, releasing soluble ligands of the activating receptors expressed on cytolytic effector cells as decoy molecules, affecting the correct interaction among lymphocytes and tumor cells. MSC can also serve as target for the same anti-tumor effector lymphocytes or simply impede the interaction between these lymphocytes and neoplastic cells. Thus, several evidences point out the role of MSC, both in epithelial solid tumors and hematological malignancies, in regulating tumor cell growth and immune response. Herein, we review these evidences and suggest that MSC can be a suitable target for a more efficient anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Musso
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Dapino
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
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15
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Morrot A. The Role of Sialic Acid-Binding Receptors (Siglecs) in the Immunomodulatory Effects of Trypanosoma cruzi Sialoglycoproteins on the Protective Immunity of the Host. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:965856. [PMID: 24455435 PMCID: PMC3885277 DOI: 10.1155/2013/965856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is an important endemic infection in Latin America. Lately, it has also become a health concern in the United States and Europe. Most of the immunomodulatory mechanisms associated with this parasitic infection have been attributed to mucin-like molecules on the T. cruzi surface. Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins that are involved in regulating diverse cellular activities in both normal and pathological conditions. In Trypanosoma cruzi infection, the parasite-derived mucins are the main acceptors of sialic acid and it has been suggested that they play a role in various host-parasite interactions during the course of Chagas disease. Recently, we have presented evidence that sialylation of the mucins is required for the inhibitory effects on CD4(+) T cells. In what follows we propose that signaling via sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin receptors for these highly sialylated structures on host cells contributes to the arrest of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase and may allow the parasite to modulate the immune system of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Morrot
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Sala D1-035, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21.941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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16
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Nunes MP, Fortes B, Silva-Filho JL, Terra-Granado E, Santos L, Conde L, de Araújo Oliveira I, Freire-de-Lima L, Martins MV, Pinheiro AAS, Takyia CM, Freire-de-Lima CG, Todeschini AR, DosReis GA, Morrot A. Inhibitory effects of Trypanosoma cruzi sialoglycoproteins on CD4+ T cells are associated with increased susceptibility to infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77568. [PMID: 24204874 PMCID: PMC3810146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Trypanosoma cruzi infection is associated with severe T cell unresponsiveness to antigens and mitogens characterized by decreased IL-2 synthesis. Trypanosoma cruzi mucin (Tc Muc) has been implicated in this phenomenom. These molecules contain a unique type of glycosylation consisting of several sialylated O-glycans linked to the protein backbone via N-acetylglucosamine residues. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we evaluated the ability of Tc Muc to modulate the activation of CD4+ T cells. Our data show that cross-linking of CD3 on naïve CD4+ T cells in the presence of Tc Muc resulted in the inhibition of both cytokine secretion and proliferation. We further show that the sialylated O-Linked Glycan residues from tc mucin potentiate the suppression of T cell response by inducing G1-phase cell cycle arrest associated with upregulation of mitogen inhibitor p27kip1. These inhibitory effects cannot be reversed by the addition of exogenous IL-2, rendering CD4+ T cells anergic when activated by TCR triggering. Additionally, in vivo administration of Tc Muc during T. cruzi infection enhanced parasitemia and aggravated heart damage. Analysis of recall responses during infection showed lower frequencies of IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells in the spleen of Tc Muc treated mice, compared to untreated controls. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate that Tc Muc mediates inhibitory efects on CD4+ T expansion and cytokine production, by blocking cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. We propose that the sialyl motif of Tc Muc is able to interact with sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins (Siglecs) on CD4+ T cells, which may allow the parasite to modulate the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara Fortes
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Luiz Silva-Filho
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Isadora de Araújo Oliveira
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Acacia Sá Pinheiro
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takyia
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Adriane Regina Todeschini
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - George Alexandre DosReis
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MPN); (AM)
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