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Carvalho Hilje C, Bauer NH, Reis D, Kapp C, Ostermann T, Vöhler F, Längler A. The role of breastfeeding and formula feeding regarding depressive symptoms and an impaired mother child bonding. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11417. [PMID: 38763963 PMCID: PMC11102907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Associations between depressive symptoms and breastfeeding are well documented. However, evidence is lacking for subdivisions of feeding styles, namely exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive formula feeding and a mixed feeding style (breastfeeding and formula feeding). In addition, studies examining associations between mother-child-bonding and breastfeeding have yielded mixed results. The aim of this study is to provide a more profound understanding of the different feeding styles and their associations with maternal mental health and mother-child-bonding. Data from 307 women were collected longitudinally in person (prenatally) and by telephone (3 months postnatally) using validated self-report measures, and analyzed using correlational analyses, unpaired group comparisons and regression analyses. Our results from a multinomial regression analysis revealed that impaired mother-child-bonding was positively associated with mixed feeding style (p = .003) and depressive symptoms prenatal were positively associated with exclusive formula feeding (p = .013). Further studies could investigate whether information about the underlying reasons we found for mixed feeding, such as insufficient weight gain of the child or the feeling that the child is unsatiated, could help prevent impaired mother-child-bonding. Overall, the results of this study have promising new implications for research and practice, regarding at-risk populations and implications for preventive measures regarding postpartum depression and an impaired mother-child-bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Carvalho Hilje
- Department of Pediatrics, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany
- Professorship for Integrative Pediatrics, Institute for Integrative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Nicola H Bauer
- Institute of Midwifery Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniela Reis
- Department of Pediatrics, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany.
- Professorship for Integrative Pediatrics, Institute for Integrative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - Claudia Kapp
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Thomas Ostermann
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Franziska Vöhler
- Department of Obstetrics, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Alfred Längler
- Department of Pediatrics, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany
- Professorship for Integrative Pediatrics, Institute for Integrative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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2
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Wu PC, de Banate MA, Kim H, Viner-Brown S, High P. The Association Between Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Toddlers' Developmental and Behavioral Problems: A Population-Based Study. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:494-505. [PMID: 37309802 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231179672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the developmental-behavioral profiles of 2-year-olds of mothers who experienced postpartum and/or current depression with profiles of toddlers of mothers without depression at either time using population-based Rhode Island data. Weighted data from Rhode Island Department of Health's Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System and Rhode Island's follow-up Toddlers Wellness Overview Survey distributed to mothers giving birth between 2006 and 2008 were analyzed. Compared with non-depressed mothers, those with any depression following childbirth reported more concerns with their toddlers' receptive language, social-emotional development, and their sleep and feeding behaviors. When adjusted for demographics, persistent depression remained associated with social-emotional (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.53, 2.78-20.34) and feeding concerns (aOR = 3.13, 1.36-7.22), and current depression was associated with social-emotional concerns (aOR = 2.52, 1.26-5.01). We conclude that pediatric providers should explore maternal mental health as a mediating and potentially modifiable factor beyond the postpartum period when toddlers present with developmental-behavioral challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mary Ann de Banate
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hanna Kim
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Pamela High
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Fan X, Wu N, Tu Y, Zang T, Bai J, Peng G, Liu Y. Perinatal depression and infant and toddler neurodevelopment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105579. [PMID: 38342472 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Many studies have focused on the effect of perinatal depression on neurodevelopment among children and adolescents. However, only a few studies have explored this relationship in infants and toddlers with inconsistent results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between perinatal depression and infant and toddler neurodevelopment during the first two postnatal years. Twenty-three studies were included in this meta-analysis. Perinatal depression was associated with poorer cognitive (Cohen's d = -0.19, SE= 0.06, 95% CI = -0.30 to -0.08), language (Cohen's d = -0.24, SE = 0.09, 95% CI = -0.40 to -0.07), and motor (Cohen's d = -0.15, SE = 0.05, 95% CI = -0.26 to -0.05) development. Subgroup analyses showed that the types of maternal depression (prenatal depression vs. postnatal depression), the method of measuring maternal depression (rating scale vs. diagnostic interview), and the time interval between assessment of exposure and outcome had an impact on the observed effect about neurodevelopment of infants and toddlers. In addition, the results of our study pointed to a stronger significant association between prenatal depression and cognitive, language, and motor delays in infants and toddlers, whereas the association between postnatal depression and cognitive, language, and motor delays in infants and toddlers was not statistically significant. In conclusion, this study provided convincing evidence that the perinatal window is a sensitive period for offspring neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Fan
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ni Wu
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yiming Tu
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tianzi Zang
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ganggang Peng
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Güdücü N, Özcan NK. The effect of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Explore (NY) 2023; 19:842-850. [PMID: 37270355 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neriman Güdücü
- Kırklareli University Faculty of Health Sciences, Midwifery Department, Kırklareli, Turkey; Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Institute of Graduate Studies, Midwifery Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Neslihan Keser Özcan
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Health Sciences, Midwifery Department, Istanbul, Turkey
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Saharoy R, Potdukhe A, Wanjari M, Taksande AB. Postpartum Depression and Maternal Care: Exploring the Complex Effects on Mothers and Infants. Cureus 2023; 15:e41381. [PMID: 37546054 PMCID: PMC10400812 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and debilitating mental health condition affecting many mothers worldwide. This review article aims to explore the complex effects of PPD on mothers and infants, focusing on maternal care. The transition to motherhood is a critical period characterized by numerous physical, psychological, and social changes, making women vulnerable to the onset of PPD. Consequently, PPD can significantly impact a mother's ability to provide optimal care for her infant, leading to potential adverse consequences for both parties. The article synthesizes existing research literature on the topic, encompassing studies from various disciplines, including psychology, psychiatry, obstetrics, and pediatrics. It begins by providing an overview of the prevalence and risk factors associated with PPD, emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention. The impact of PPD on maternal caregiving behaviors, such as bonding, sensitivity, and responsiveness, is then examined, highlighting the potential disruptions in the mother-infant relationship. Furthermore, the article delves into the potential consequences of impaired maternal care on infant development, including emotional, cognitive, and social domains. Several factors contributing to the complex interplay between PPD and maternal care are discussed, including hormonal changes, psychosocial stressors, and the influence of social support networks. The review also addresses the bidirectional nature of the mother-infant relationship, whereby infant characteristics and behaviors can exacerbate or mitigate the effects of PPD on maternal care. Moreover, the article explores the role of healthcare providers and the importance of implementing effective screening, assessment, and treatment strategies for PPD to promote optimal maternal-infant outcomes. By consolidating current knowledge on the topic, this review article provides valuable insights into the multifaceted effects of PPD on both mothers and infants. Recognizing the significance of maternal care and understanding the mechanisms through which PPD disrupts it can inform the development of targeted interventions to promote early detection, effective treatment, and supportive interventions for mothers experiencing PPD. Ultimately, improving maternal mental health and enhancing maternal-infant relationships can yield long-term positive effects on mothers' and infants' well-being and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Saharoy
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ashwini Potdukhe
- Medical Surgical Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayur Wanjari
- Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Avinash B Taksande
- Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Blair LM, Wheeler E, Hutti MH. Social and Behavioral Problems in School-Aged Children After Maternal Postpartum Depression: A Secondary Analysis of Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:1081-1088. [PMID: 36988793 PMCID: PMC10440803 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relation between perinatal depression at child age 1 year and behavioral issues and altered social functioning at school age. METHODS The Future of Families (formerly Fragile Families) and Child Wellbeing Study longitudinal cohort age 9 nationally representative urban sample was used to examine associations between maternal depression at child age 1 and child behavior and social functioning at age 9 (n = 2,305 children and their mothers). Measures included the Composite International Diagnostics Interview (depression), Child Behavior Checklist total score (child behavior problems) and social function subscale. Clinical significance of child behavior problems and social function problems were determined by normed T-scores. Analyses included chi square, t-tests, and linear regression using SAS 9.4 Survey procedures. RESULTS Higher household income was associated with lower behavior problem scores (F = 8.76, p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.07. School-aged children whose mothers had major depression at child age 1 (10.8%) were more than twice as likely to have clinically significant behavior problems (OR 2.46, p < 0.0001) than children whose mothers did not have depression (4.1%). Further, children with depressed mothers were more than twice as likely to have clinically significant social function problems than children whose mothers were not depressed (OR = 2.09, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Children whose mothers were depressed at child age 1 have higher risk of having behavior problems and poor social functioning at age 9. Early and repeated maternal depression screening is needed to treat the disease sooner and attempt to avoid these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Blair
- College of Nursing, Wayne State University, 5557 Cass Ave 364 Richard Cohn Building, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Perinatal Research and Wellness Center, University of Kentucky, Kentucky, USA.
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Severo M, Ventriglio A, Bellomo A, Iuso S, Petito A. Maternal perinatal depression and child neurocognitive development: A relationship still to be clarified. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1151897. [PMID: 37020735 PMCID: PMC10067625 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1151897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy frequently is associated with emotional conditions such as anxiety and depression. Perinatal depression has an incidence of around 12%. Only recently researcher put the attention on the effects of pre- and postpartum psychopathology on infant neurocognitive development. Neurobiology studies indicate that perinatal maternal depression can significantly affect the structure and function of children's prefrontal cortex and modulate the development of cognitive abilities from intrauterine life. On the topic, the scientific literature appears ambiguous, reporting mixed results. Some studies have found no significant differences in developmental outcomes between prenatal and postpartum exposure to maternal depression, others have suggested a greater burden of depression in pregnancy than in postpartum, and still others have emphasized the role of chronicity of symptoms rather than the period of onset. Few studies have examined the effects of different developmental trajectories of maternal depression on children's neurocognitive outcomes. The assessment of maternal health has for years been limited to postpartum depression often neglecting the timing of onset, the intensity of symptoms and their chronicity. These aspects have received less attention than they deserve, especially in relation to the effects on children's neurocognitive development. The aim of this Perspective was to highlight inconsistencies and gaps that need to be filled in the approach to the study of this problem. Given the wide heterogeneity of data in the current literature, further studies are needed to clarify these interactions. This Perspective provides an overview of current progress, future directions, and a presentation of the authors' views on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Severo
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Iuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Petito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Sommer M, Knappe S, Garthus-Niegel S, Weidner K, Martini J. Die Bedeutung peripartaler mütterlicher Angst- und depressiver Störungen für die frühkindliche Entwicklung. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Aktuelle Studien zeigen spezifische Zusammenhänge von peripartalen psychischen Störungen und kindlichen Entwicklungsauffälligkeiten. Fragestellung: Haben Kinder von Müttern mit einer peripartalen Angst- oder depressiven Störung ein erhöhtes Risiko für (visuo–)motorische, sprachliche und kognitive Entwicklungsauffälligkeiten? Methode: In der prospektiven MARI-Studie ( N = 306) wurden peripartale psychische Störungen mit dem CIDI-V in jedem Schwangerschaftstrimester sowie 2, 4 und 16 Monate nach der Geburt erhoben. Die kindliche Entwicklung wurde mit dem Neuropsychologischen Entwicklungs-Screening im Alter von 4 ( N = 263) und 16 Monaten ( N = 241) erfasst. Ergebnisse: Maternale depressive Störungen vor der Schwangerschaft waren negativ mit der visuellen Entwicklung (4 Monate; OR = 3.3) und der Haltungs- und Bewegungssteuerung (16 Monate; OR = 4.4) des Kindes assoziiert. Diskussion: Entwicklungsauffälligkeiten könnten u. a. durch ein verändertes Interaktionsverhalten (z. B. weniger Blickkontakt/Ermutigung) betroffener Mütter begründet sein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sommer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Fakultät an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Susanne Knappe
- Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden, Deutschland
- Professur für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Evangelische Hochschule Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute for Systems Medicine und Fakultät Medizin, Medical School Hamburg MSH, Hamburg, Deutschland
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Technische Universität Dresden, Deutschland
- Abteilung für kindliche Gesundheit und Entwicklung, Norwegisches Institut für Public Health, Oslo, Norwegen
| | - Kerstin Weidner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Fakultät an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Julia Martini
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Fakultät an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Deutschland
- Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden, Deutschland
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Lindblad V, Gaardsted PS, Melgaard D. Early discharge of first-time parents and their newborn: A scoping review. Eur J Midwifery 2021; 5:46. [PMID: 34708193 PMCID: PMC8504028 DOI: 10.18332/ejm/140792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This scoping review aims to identify the evidence and the factors influencing the outcomes of early discharge of both healthy first-time mothers and newborns. METHODS Systematic searches were conducted using four databases up to February 2021, and a search for grey literature was performed. A total of 2030 articles were identified and reduced to 13 articles, and one article was added through chain search in reference lists. The aims of the identified studies, the methodology, participants, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the setting, context, and findings are summarized. RESULTS A total of 14 studies were included. A thematic analysis identified the following factors influencing the outcomes of discharge within 24 hours after birth: parental education in pregnancy, perinatal information before discharge, sources of support, and follow-up strategies after discharge. Also, the analysis identified outcomes such as breastfeeding, parents' experience and readmission of the newborn that may be influenced when first-time parents are discharged within 24 hours after birth. Findings in this review highlight the importance of identifying factors and outcomes related to early discharge. However, because of the heterogeneity in methodology, terminology and assessment procedures used in the retrieved articles, the generalization of study results is limited. CONCLUSIONS A gap in the literature about the outcomes of discharge within 24 hours after birth has been identified. Future studies with strong evidence are needed, defining criteria, context, and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lindblad
- Department of Gynecology, Pregnancy and Childbirth, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark
| | | | - Dorte Melgaard
- Center for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Pishahang S, Hakimi S, Vatankhah S, Ghaffarifar S, Ranjbar F. Psychometric properties of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale-Persian version (TPDS-P). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:608. [PMID: 34488663 PMCID: PMC8422693 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the importance of screening pregnant women's distress, it was intended to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS-P) for screening pregnancy distress. METHODS This methodological psychometric study was conducted with participation of 360 pregnant women. The TPDS was translated into Persian. Factor analysis was used to investigate the construct validity. The results of the correlation test between the results of the two questionnaires, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) and TPDS-P, were used to determine the criterion validity of TPDS-P. Internal consistency of the items was calculated by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Stability of the results was examined by test-retest method and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was calculated. Examining the structure of the factors derived from exploratory factor analysis, fitness of the model was done through confirmatory factor analysis. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. RESULTS Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) was 0.846 (p = 0.001). Sixteen items of TPDS-P accounted for 51.42 percent variances. The TPDS-P exhibited appropriate fitness. There was poor to moderate but significant direct correlation between the subscales of DASS-21 and TPDS-P. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the TPDS-P was 0.81 and ICC was 0.70. CONCLUSIONS TPDS-P, with appropriate validity and reliability, can be used as a practical scale to evaluate women's distress during pregnancy in Farsi-speaking societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Pishahang
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevil Hakimi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Vatankhah
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeideh Ghaffarifar
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ranjbar
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Mathur VA, Nyman T, Nanavaty N, George N, Brooker RJ. Trajectories of pain during pregnancy predict symptoms of postpartum depression. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e933. [PMID: 34104839 PMCID: PMC8177876 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postpartum depression imparts a significant and long-lasting burden on maternal and child health. Successful prevention or early detection of postpartum depression will rely on the identification of early risk factors. Pain during pregnancy (before childbirth) is a key potential predictor of postpartum depression risk. However, longitudinal studies characterizing pregnancy pain, its normal trajectory over time, and its prospective relations with symptoms of postpartum depression are lacking. METHODS We used data from a longitudinal study of maternal emotion that included assessments of pain and depressive symptoms at 3 time points-during the second and third trimester of pregnancy and at 4 months postpartum. Structural equation modelling was used to estimate longitudinal patterns of change in maternal pain over time. Latent growth curve parameters were tested as predictors of symptoms of postpartum depression. RESULTS Ninety-three healthy pregnant women enrolled in this study. Although the sample comprised women with relatively low-risk pregnancies, more than 90% of participants experienced pregnancy pain. Greater linear increases and less negative quadratic change in maternal pain over time were associated with greater levels of postpartum depression, even when controlling for prenatal depressive symptoms. Interpreting both parameters together, pain that increased in late pregnancy, when normative patterns had either levelled off or begun to decline, was associated with greater levels of postpartum depression. CONCLUSION A developmental trajectory of pain experience that did not subside after childbirth was associated with greater postpartum depressive symptoms, suggesting that atypical trajectories of pain may be a risk factor for postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani A. Mathur
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tristin Nyman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Namrata Nanavaty
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nevita George
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Brooker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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12
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Boonzaaijer M, Suir I, Mollema J, Nuysink J, Volman M, Jongmans M. Factors associated with gross motor development from birth to independent walking: A systematic review of longitudinal research. Child Care Health Dev 2021; 47:525-561. [PMID: 33210319 PMCID: PMC8252538 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to gain more insight into child and environmental factors that influence gross motor development (GMD) of healthy infants from birth until reaching the milestone of independent walking, based on longitudinal research. BACKGROUND A systematic search was conducted using Scopus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and CINAHL to identify studies from inception to February 2020. Studies that investigated the association between child or environmental factors and infant GMD using longitudinal measurements of infant GMD were eligible. Two independent reviewers extracted key information and assessed risk of bias of the selected studies, using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool (QUIPS). Strength of evidence (strong, moderate, limited, conflicting and no evidence) for the factors identified was described according to a previously established classification. RESULTS In 36 studies, six children and 11 environmental factors were identified. Five studies were categorized as having low risk of bias. Strong evidence was found for the association between birthweight and GMD in healthy full-term and preterm infants. Moderate evidence was found for associations between gestational age and GMD, and sleeping position and GMD. There was conflicting evidence for associations between twinning and GMD, and breastfeeding and GMD. No evidence was found for an association between maternal postpartum depression and GMD. Evidence for the association of other factors with GMD was classified as 'limited' because each of these factors was examined in only one longitudinal study. CONCLUSION Infant GMD appears associated with two child factors (birthweight and gestational age) and one environmental factor (sleeping position). For the other factors identified in this review, insufficient evidence for an association with GMD was found. For those factors that were examined in only one longitudinal study, and are therefore classified as having limited evidence, more research would be needed to reach a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marike Boonzaaijer
- Research Group Lifestyle and Health, Institute of Human Movement StudiesHU University of Applied SciencesUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Imke Suir
- Research Group Lifestyle and Health, Institute of Human Movement StudiesHU University of Applied SciencesUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Mollema
- Research Group Lifestyle and Health, Institute of Human Movement StudiesHU University of Applied SciencesUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Nuysink
- Research Group Lifestyle and Health, Institute of Human Movement StudiesHU University of Applied SciencesUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Michiel Volman
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Department of Pedagogical and Educational SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3584 CSThe Netherlands
| | - Marian Jongmans
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Department of Pedagogical and Educational SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3584 CSThe Netherlands
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13
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Waldrop J, Baker M, Salomon R, Moreton E. Parenting Interventions and Secondary Outcomes Related to Maternal Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Matern Child Health J 2021; 25:870-880. [PMID: 33905064 PMCID: PMC10916505 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders can have far reaching negative impact on both maternal mental health and child growth and development. Multimodal group parenting programs have been shown to improve maternal mental health symptoms however, they are often costly to provide and not accessible to many mothers, especially those mothers suffering from mental health symptoms. Therefore, the authors sought to answer the following question by undertaking a systematic review of the literature: are parenting interventions aimed at improving maternal-child interaction also a way to address mental health symptoms (i.e. depression, anxiety, stress) in mothers? METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. An online platform that supports the systematic review process and quality assessment according to Cochrane guidelines, Covidence, was used in conjunction with an adapted extraction tool to identify relevant studies and extract data for analysis. RESULTS 11 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. There was great heterogeneity between study interventions and measurement of outcomes for maternal mental health symptoms which precluded meta-analysis. CONCLUSION Studies reviewed did not demonstrate consistent evidence to recommend that parenting interventions leads to improvement in maternal mental health symptoms for depression, anxiety or stress. However, there was evidence that participating in parenting programs does not worsen these symptoms and some encouraging evidence that alternative delivery methods, beyond face to face, could, with more research, lead to more financially feasible and sustainable models of delivery of these types of interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julee Waldrop
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Maureen Baker
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca Salomon
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Moreton
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Çelen Yoldaş T, Özmert EN. Communicative Environmental Factors Including Maternal Depression and Media Usage Patterns on Early Language Development. Matern Child Health J 2021; 25:900-908. [PMID: 33905063 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION From the ecological perspective of multifactorial causal mechanism, the communicative interaction environment has been less studied in early childhood which is the most sensitive phase for language development. We aimed to research simultaneous communicative environmental factors including maternal depression and media usage patterns in young children aged 1-31/2 years. METHODS One hundred and one participants were included in the study; fifty-one children with language delay as the case group and fifty children with typical development as the control group. Maternal depressive symptoms were evaluated by Beck Depression Inventory. The general development of each child was evaluated by Denver II Screening Test and Bayley-Third Edition. Language development was evaluated by the Preschool Language Scale-5. The questionnaire for the sociodemographic data and media usage patterns was prepared by the study team. RESULTS Maternal depression scores, duration of TV viewing, background TV were higher in the children with language delay and they started earlier using screen devices in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). The total amount of interaction time and co-viewing were less in children with language delay and more parents intended to keep their children occupied by watching in the case group (p < 0.05). Mother care-giving (p = 0.002, OR = 5.80, CI 1.93-17.4) and absence of co-viewing (p = 0.000, OR = 9.46, CI 2.69-33.3) were the significant factors associated with language delay. DISCUSSION Young children with language delay were more exposed to communicative environmental risk factors than children with typical development. The integration of this perspective to child health care practices should be encouraged in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Çelen Yoldaş
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Elif Nursel Özmert
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Mental Health and Health Behaviour Changes for Mothers of Children with a Disability: Effectiveness of a Health and Wellbeing Workshop. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:508-521. [PMID: 33728495 PMCID: PMC7962925 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Healthy Mothers Healthy Families (HMHF) is a program that educates and empowers mothers of children with disabilities to improve health behaviours. Outcomes were investigated in this study. A pre, post-test design was implemented using online questionnaires including the Health promoting activities scale (HPAS) and the Depressional anxiety stress scales (DASS). Mothers (N = 71) experienced improvements in HPAS scores, p < .001. Mental health symptomatology reduced: depressive symptoms (p = .005), Anxiety symptoms (p = .005) and stress (p = .002). Wellbeing improved (p < .001). Mothers also reported that their child with a disability experienced an increase in quality of life (p = .042). Mothers’ lifestyles goals improved: managing stress; dietary changes; leisure; self-perception and others. HMHF is an effective intervention with improved health status and outcomes for mothers.
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The Impact of Contextual, Maternal and Prenatal Factors on Receptive Language in a Chilean Longitudinal Birth Cohort. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:1106-1117. [PMID: 33130923 PMCID: PMC8528774 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A secondary analysis was conducted on longitudinal data collected from ELPI, a representative Chilean survey to model Chilean infant's receptive language using contextual, maternal and prenatal factors. The sample for the current study comprised children aged between 36 and 48 months (n = 3921). The sample was re-assessed when children were aged 60-72 months (n = 3100). Linear regression analyses were conducted. At the first time point, all the predictors included were significant (living area, health system provision, maternal intelligence and education, adolescent pregnancy, maternal medical appointments during pregnancy, and presence of a significant other at childbirth), except for smoking during pregnancy. The model explained 13% of the variance. However, when timepoint one receptive language scores were included in the analyses for when children were aged 60-72 months, only two variables remained as significant predictors: previous receptive language scores and maternal education, explaining 21% of the variance. Findings and implications are discussed.
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Væver MS, Cordes K, Stuart AC, Tharner A, Shai D, Spencer R, Smith-Nielsen J. Associations of maternal sensitivity and embodied mentalizing with infant-mother attachment security at one year in depressed and non-depressed dyads. Attach Hum Dev 2020; 24:115-132. [PMID: 33346693 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2020.1861035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Parental Embodied Mentalizing (PEM) captures the parent's capacity to extrapolate the child's mental states from movement and respond on a nonverbal level. Little is known about PEM's relation to other established measures of parent-child interactive behavior, such as maternal sensitivity and attachment. This is investigated in a sample of four months old infants and mothers with (n = 27) and without a diagnosis of postpartum depression (n = 44). Video-recorded infant-mother interactions were coded independently using PEM and Coding Interactive Behavior. Attachment was assessed at 13 months using the Strange Situation Procedure. Sensitivity and PEM was positively associated, but only sensitivity predicted attachment security and only the nonclinical group. This indicates that PEM and sensitivity are moderately related as well as capturing different aspects of infant-mother interactions. The study confirms previous findings of sensitivity predicting attachment in nonclinical groups. More research is required to further understand predictors of attachment in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharina Cordes
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Tharner
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dana Shai
- SEED Center, School of Behavioural Studies, Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rose Spencer
- Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
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Ollivier R, Aston DM, Price DS, Sim DM, Benoit DB, Joy DP, Iduye D, Nassaji NA. Mental Health & Parental Concerns during COVID-19: The Experiences of New Mothers Amidst Social Isolation. Midwifery 2020; 94:102902. [PMID: 33421662 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented situation for new parents, with public health orders greatly affecting daily life as well as various aspects of parenting and new parent wellbeing. OBJECTIVES To understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mothers/parents across Nova Scotia who are caring for a child 0-12 months of age. DESIGN This study utilized an online qualitative survey to collect data. Feminist poststructuralism and discourse analysis guided the analysis and discussion. SETTING Nova Scotia, Canada PARTICIPANTS: : 68 participants were recruited from across the province of Nova Scotia. FINDINGS Mental health and socialization were both major concerns for new mothers/parents, as many expressed feelings of worry, anxiety, loneliness, isolation, and stress. KEY CONCLUSIONS Online support was sought by many new mothers/parents as a way of supporting their own mental health. Some found ways to make it meaningful for them, while others believed that it could not replace or offer the same benefits as in-person interaction and support. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Informal and formal support systems are both essential for new mothers. As public health systems and health care services learn to adapt to COVID-19, further research is required to examine how health services may best meet the needs of new mothers/parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ollivier
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2.
| | - Dr Megan Aston
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2.
| | - Dr Sheri Price
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2.
| | - Dr Meaghan Sim
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2.
| | - Dr Britney Benoit
- Rankin School of Nursing, St. Francis Xavier University, C251, Camden Hall, PO Box 5000, 2340 Notre Dame Avenue, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5.
| | - Dr Phillip Joy
- Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3M 2J6.
| | - Damilola Iduye
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2.
| | - Neda Akbari Nassaji
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2.
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Smith-Nielsen J, Lange T, Wendelboe KI, von Wowern RK, Vaever MS. Associations Between Maternal Postpartum Depression, Infant Social Behavior With a Stranger, and Infant Cognitive Development. INFANCY 2020; 24:663-670. [PMID: 32677250 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Maternal postpartum depression (PPD) has been found to be related to infant social withdrawal during mother-infant interaction, and this may spill over on infant interactive behavior in other social contexts and impact infant psychosocial development. We investigated whether PPD was associated with infant social withdrawal during interaction with a tester in a psychological test situation and whether infant social withdrawal in the test situation mediated the association between PPD and infant cognitive scores reported in a previous study. Participants were 28 PPD dyads and 41 control dyads. We assessed infant social behavior and cognitive development with the Alarm Distress Baby Scale and the cognitive scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition, at four months. More symptoms of maternal depression were associated with more infant social withdrawal. The association between maternal depressive symptoms and cognitive scores was at most partially mediated by infant social withdrawal in the test situation (<29.6%). Our results add to the existing literature on the effects of PPD on infant social behavior in other contexts than the one constituted by the mother. More research is needed to shed light on the mechanisms through which PPD impacts infant cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theis Lange
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen
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20
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Neuraxial labour analgesia is associated with a reduced risk of maternal depression at 2 years after childbirth: A multicentre, prospective, longitudinal study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2020; 36:745-754. [PMID: 31356375 PMCID: PMC6738542 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text BACKGROUND Severe labour pain is an important risk factor of postpartum depression, and early depression is associated with an increased risk of long-term depression; whereas the use of epidural analgesia during labour decreases the risk of postpartum depression. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether neuraxial labour analgesia was associated with a decreased risk of 2-year depression. DESIGN This was a multicentre, prospective, longitudinal study. SETTING The study was performed in Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital and Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Beijing, China, between 1 August 2014 and 25 April 2017. PATIENTS Five hundred ninety-nine nulliparous women with single-term cephalic pregnancy preparing for vaginal delivery were enrolled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Depressive symptoms were screened with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at delivery-room admission, 6-week postpartum and 2 years after childbirth. A score of 10 or higher was used as the threshold of depression. The primary endpoint was the presence of depression at 2 years after childbirth. The association between the use of neuraxial labour analgesia and the development of 2-year depression was analysed with a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS Five hundred and eight parturients completed 2-year follow-up. Of these, 368 (72.4%) received neuraxial analgesia during labour and 140 (27.6%) did not. The percentage with 2-year depression was lower in those with neuraxial labour analgesia than in those without (7.3 [27/368] vs. 13.6% [19/140]; P = 0.029). After correction for confounding factors, the use of neuraxial analgesia during labour was associated with a significantly decreased risk of 2-year depression (odds ratio 0.455, 95% confidence interval 0.230 to 0.898; P = 0.023). CONCLUSION For nulliparous women with single-term cephalic pregnancy planning for vaginal delivery, the use of neuraxial analgesia during labour was associated with a reduced risk of maternal depression at 2 years after childbirth. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.chictr.org.cn: ChiCTR-OCH-14004888 and ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02823418.
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Yang M, Jia G, Sun S, Ye C, Zhang R, Yu X. Effects of an Online Mindfulness Intervention Focusing on Attention Monitoring and Acceptance in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Midwifery Womens Health 2020; 64:68-77. [PMID: 30695166 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention monitoring and acceptance underlie the effects of mindfulness meditation. This study tested the feasibility and acceptability of an online mindfulness intervention for pregnant women as an approach to reduce depressive and anxious symptoms. METHOD We developed an 8-week mindfulness intervention program that trained participants to monitor their internal and external experiences in an accepting way. The mindfulness course was based on the Wechat platform. This study was conducted in a women's hospital in China. A total of 123 women with scores on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire suggesting mild or moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety were recruited from the outpatient department between April and June 2018. The participants were randomized to receive the mindfulness intervention or routine prenatal care. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire were used to evaluate the levels of anxiety, depression, and mindfulness, respectively, before and after the intervention. RESULTS Of the 123 women enrolled in this study, 10 in the intervention group and 11 in the control group did not complete the intervention. The retention rate and feedback suggested that the mindfulness intervention was feasible and acceptable among pregnant women. Participants in the intervention group showed greater declines in depressive and anxious symptoms compared with those in the control group, as well a significant improvement in mindfulness skills (eg, attention monitoring and acceptance). DISCUSSION These results suggest that an online mindfulness intervention may be a promising technique to help women use mindfulness skills to reduce depressive and anxious symptoms. The mindfulness intervention could constitute part of the psychological care provided to pregnant women.
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Oyetunji A, Chandra P. Postpartum stress and infant outcome: A review of current literature. Psychiatry Res 2020; 284:112769. [PMID: 31962260 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum stress has been shown to have an association with infant growth, nutrition, bonding, temperament and ultimately childhood mental wellbeing. When persistent, recurring or chronic, it can negatively impact infant outcome, including the subscales of mental wellbeing such as growth, development, feeding, attachment and sleep. This study aims to define the physical and functional effect of postpartum stress on measures of infant mental wellbeing. A systematic review of English language articles published between 1995 and 2019 on PubMed, Medline and Psych base databases was carried out. Search terms used included postpartum, stress, infant, growth, development, nutrition, attachment and sleep. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were reviewed with eligibility criteria. Inclusion criteria of human studies, mothers diagnosed with depressive and anxiety symptoms postpartum with infant correlates were used. All animal studies and studies with women already on medication were excluded. A total of 74 articles were reviewed and summarized into postpartum stress associations with infant growth, development, nutrition, sleep and maternal fetal attachment. Postpartum stress is negatively associated with poor developmental trajectories and linear growth deficits, causing stunting in growth; poor language and cognitive development; poor gross and fine motor movement, and infant sleep. An inverse relationship exists with breast feeding and postpartum depression. More importantly, breastfeeding efficacy is important for sustaining positive infant feeding outcome. Increased maternal age during postpartum depression has been linked, as a contributing factor, to decreased maternal fetal attachment/bonding. A ripple effect exists from the association between postpartum stress and poor infant sleep. There is strong evidence that correlates PPS to infant outcome, mediated through many external factors. More research needs to be conducted to delineate and potentially mitigate the impact of modifiable factors. Not all articles in the literature were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke Oyetunji
- Department of Psychiatry/Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Truman Medical Centers, 2301 Holmes St, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Prakash Chandra
- Department of Psychiatry/Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Truman Medical Centers, 2301 Holmes St, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Does gender affect Bayley-III scores and test-taking behavior? Infant Behav Dev 2019; 57:101352. [PMID: 31445432 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The developmental test Bayley-III is widely used in clinical and research settings, but there are no published gender-specific norms. The purpose of the present study was to investigate gender differences in Bayley-III scores in a sample of 55 typically developing children assessed repeatedly at ages 4, 7, 10, 13, 24 and 36 months, and to investigate gender differences in the test-taking behavior of the children as measured with the BRS at 36 months. The results of the study demonstrated gender differences at 24 and 36 months for the Cognitive Scale, at 10, 13, 24 and 36 months for the Language Scale and at 36 months for the Motor Scale. On a subtest level, gender differences were found for the Receptive Communication subtest at 13, 24 and 36 months and for the Fine Motor subtest at 7 and 36 months. In all cases where significant gender differences were found, girls achieved higher mean scores than boys. No gender differences were found in the children's test-taking behavior at 36 months on any of the BRS scales, but independently of gender, higher Bayley-III Cognitive and Motor Scale scores were associated with more compliant test-taking behavior.
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24
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The role of teachers' depressive symptoms in classroom quality and child developmental outcomes in Early Head Start programs. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Aoyagi S, Tsuchiya KJ. Does maternal postpartum depression affect children's developmental outcomes? J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:1809-1820. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sona‐Sanae Aoyagi
- School of EducationMeisei University Tokyo Japan
- Fujikura Social Health Research Institute Ltd. Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenji J. Tsuchiya
- Center for Child Mental DevelopmentHamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Japan
- United Graduate School of Child DevelopmentHamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Japan
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26
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Association between psychosocial factors and postpartum depression in South Jakarta, Indonesia. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2019; 20:72-76. [PMID: 31084823 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between psychosocial factors and postpartum depression. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used. The sample consisted of 166 postpartum mothers recruited by cluster sampling from two public health centers in South Jakarta, Jakarta Province, Indonesia, during February to April 2016. Data collection was through home visits. Instruments employed were: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); the Childcare Stress Inventory; the Postpartum Support Questionnaire to measure social support; the Dyad Adjustment Scale to measure marital satisfaction; the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale; and the modified Life Events Questionnaire to measure stressful life events. Data analysis consisted of linear regression. RESULTS The prevalence of postpartum depression was 19.88%. Childcare stress, marital satisfaction and stressful life events were associated with postpartum depression (R2 = 0.298, F = 16.794, p-value < 0.001). Stressful life events explained the most variance in EPDS scores (ß = 0.220, P-value < 0.001), followed by marital satisfaction (ß = -0.321, P-value < 0.01) and childcare stress (ß = 0.008, P-value < 0.01). CONCLUSION The results of this study can be used to inform the screening of vulnerable sub-groups for postpartum depression and to develop nursing interventions that might alleviate postpartum depression.
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Aoyagi SS, Takei N, Nishimura T, Nomura Y, Tsuchiya KJ. Association of late-onset postpartum depression of mothers with expressive language development during infancy and early childhood: the HBC study. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6566. [PMID: 30863683 PMCID: PMC6408909 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While it has been implied that an infant’s exposure to maternal postpartum depression (PPD) may be associated with delayed development of expressive language, it remains unclear whether such a delay persists into childhood and whether the onset of PPD onset—early (within 4 weeks after childbirth) vs. late (between 5 and 12 weeks postpartum)—is relevant in this context. Objective To examine whether children of mothers with early- or late-onset PPD have reduced expressive language scores during infancy and early childhood (up to 40 months of age). Methods This longitudinal, observational study was conducted as a part of the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children (HBC Study), a population-representative sample in Japan. A total of 969 neonates and their mothers were included in the analysis. Exposures Early- and late-onset PPD was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Main Outcomes and Measures Expressive language development was measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Six points over time were monitored (10, 14, 18, 24, 32, and 40 months postpartum). The relationship between the exposure variable and any change in expressive language score was evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis and growth curve analysis, both adjusted for covariates. Results Results from the adjusted regression analysis showed that children of mothers with late-onset PPD had significantly lower expressive language scores at 18 months of age and beyond, with a score reduction of approximately 0.6 standard deviations from the reference value at 40 months of age (95% CI [−0.888 to −0.265], p < .001). This association was confirmed on growth curve analysis, which revealed a significant, monotonic decline of expressive language development between 10 and 40 months of age among children of mothers with late-onset PPD, but not among children of mothers with early-onset PPD. Conclusion Exposure to late-onset PPD may lead to a persistent decline in the rate of expressive language development in offspring during infancy and early childhood, highlighting the significance of monitoring for late-onset PPD to facilitate early detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona-Sanae Aoyagi
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,School of Education, Meisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nori Takei
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoko Nomura
- Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Frieder A, Fersh M, Hainline R, Deligiannidis KM. Pharmacotherapy of Postpartum Depression: Current Approaches and Novel Drug Development. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:265-282. [PMID: 30790145 PMCID: PMC6424603 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum depression is one of the most common complications of childbirth. Untreated postpartum depression can have substantial adverse effects on the well-being of the mother and child, negatively impacting child cognitive, behavioral, and emotional development with lasting consequences. There are a number of therapeutic interventions for postpartum depression including pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, neuromodulation, and hormonal therapy among others, most of which have been adapted from the treatment of major depressive disorder outside of the peripartum period. Current evidence of antidepressant treatment for postpartum depression is limited by the small number of randomized clinical trials, underpowered samples, and the lack of long-term follow-up. The peripartum period is characterized by rapid and significant physiological change in plasma levels of endocrine hormones, peptides, and neuroactive steroids. Evidence supporting the role of neuroactive steroids and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the pathophysiology of postpartum depression led to the investigation of synthetic neuroactive steroids and their analogs as potential treatment for postpartum depression. Brexanolone, a soluble proprietary intravenous preparation of synthetic allopregnanolone, has been developed. A recent series of open-label and placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials of brexanolone in postpartum depression demonstrated a rapid reduction in depressive symptoms, and has led to the submission for regulatory approval to the US Food and Drug Administration (decision due in March 2019). SAGE-217, an allopregnanolone analog, with oral bioavailability, was recently tested in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study in severe postpartum depression, with reportedly positive results. Finally, a 3β-methylated synthetic analog of allopregnanolone, ganaxolone, is being tested in both intravenous and oral forms, in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II studies in severe postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Frieder
- Department of Psychiatry, Women's Behavioral Health, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, 75-59 263rd Street, New York, NY, 11004, USA
| | - Madeleine Fersh
- Department of Psychiatry, Women's Behavioral Health, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, 75-59 263rd Street, New York, NY, 11004, USA
| | - Rachel Hainline
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Kristina M Deligiannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, Women's Behavioral Health, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, 75-59 263rd Street, New York, NY, 11004, USA.
- Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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Babu GR, Murthy GVS, Singh N, Nath A, Rathnaiah M, Saldanha N, Deepa R, Kinra S. Sociodemographic and Medical Risk Factors Associated With Antepartum Depression. Front Public Health 2018; 6:127. [PMID: 29770322 PMCID: PMC5941824 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing recognition of antenatal depression is an emerging area of concern in developing countries. We conducted a study to estimate the prevalence of antenatal mental distress and its relation with sociodemographic factors, obstetric factors, and physiological wellbeing in pregnant women attending public health facilities in Bengaluru, South India. Methods Nested within a cohort study, we assessed the mental status in 823 pregnant women in two public referral hospitals. Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10 scale) was used to assess maternal depression. We collected information related to social-demographic characteristics and recent medical complaints. Descriptive statistics and odds ratios were calculated using SPSS version 20. Results Results show that 8.7% of the women exhibited symptoms of antenatal depression. Sociodemographic characteristics, such as respondent occupation, husband education, husband’s occupation, total family income showed significance. First time pregnancy, anemia, and high blood pressure were also associated with mental distress. Conclusion Our study has demonstrated feasibility of screening for mental health problems in public hospitals. Early detection of mental distress during pregnancy is crucial as it has a direct impact on the fetus. The public health facilities in low- and middle-income countries such as India should consider piloting and scaling up screening services for mental health conditions for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giridhara R Babu
- Indian Institute of Public Health (IIPH) Bangalore, Public Health Foundation of India and Wellcome Trust-DBT India Alliance, Bangalore, India
| | - G V S Murthy
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Madhapur, Hyderabad, India.,International Centre for Eye Health, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neeru Singh
- IIPH Bangalore, Public Health Foundation of India, Bangalore, India
| | - Anita Nath
- Indian Institute of Public Health (IIPH) Bangalore, Public Health Foundation of India and Wellcome Trust-DBT India Alliance, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohanbabu Rathnaiah
- Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nolita Saldanha
- Indian Institute of Public Health (IIPH) Bangalore, Public Health Foundation of India and Wellcome Trust-DBT India Alliance, Bangalore, India
| | - R Deepa
- Indian Institute of Public Health (IIPH) Bangalore, Public Health Foundation of India and Wellcome Trust-DBT India Alliance, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Clinical Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood sleep problems are associated with insufficient parental sleep and adverse maternal mental health symptoms, which may be exacerbated when mothers/toddlers co-sleep (i.e., bed/room sharing). This study examines maternal sleep duration as a mechanism linking perceived toddler sleep problems with maternal mental health and examines whether these associations vary by co-sleeping, in addition to exploring alternative models. METHODS Low-income mothers of toddlers (n = 280) (age 12-32 months) recruited from Women, Infants, and Children and pediatric clinics provided demographic information and completed questionnaires on their toddler's sleep and their own sleep duration and mental health symptoms (depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress). Indirect and conditional indirect models were conducted to examine the relation between perceived toddler sleep problems and maternal mental health. RESULTS Perceived toddler sleep problems were associated with an average decrease of 51 minutes in maternal sleep when co-sleeping (mean = 6.1 h). Maternal sleep duration mediated the relation between perceived toddler sleep problems and maternal symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress for co-sleeping mothers. Maternal sleep duration did not mediate relations between maternal mental health symptoms and perceived toddler sleep problems. CONCLUSION This study provides a conceptual model by which parent and child sleep is related to parental mental health. Practitioners might consider alternatives to co-sleeping when discussing sleep arrangements with parents. Future studies should replicate results longitudinally and examine whether reducing co-sleeping improves maternal sleep duration and reduces perceptions of toddler sleep problems.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review evaluates the state of the research regarding the effects of postpartum mental illness on the developing infant. It defines the scope of these disorders in the literature, and includes the impact of disorders referred to as perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) on infants. RECENT FINDINGS New research reveals that PMADs apply to not only mothers, but that fathers can also experience perinatal depression and anxiety. When untreated in a primary caregiver, PMADs adversely affect parental cognitions and beliefs, attachment to the infant, and the growing caregiver-infant relationship. PMADs affect early developmental outcomes of infants including neurosynaptic development, regulatory development, and developmental milestones. Early identification and treatment for PMADs are critical to ensure optimal infant development. Standardized and routine screening for PMADs, especially in the first 6 months postpartum, and cross-disciplinary communication among medical providers afford the best opportunity for early identification and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Hoffman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Neonatal Follow-up Program, Newborn/Infant Intensive Care Unit, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dena M Dunn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Neonatal Follow-up Program & Pediatric Feeding and Swallowing Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wanjiku F M Njoroge
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Young Child Clinic, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3440 Market Street, Suite 410, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Bruno A, Laganà AS, Leonardi V, Greco D, Merlino M, Vitale SG, Triolo O, Zoccali RA, Muscatello MRA. Inside–out: the role of anger experience and expression in the development of postpartum mood disorders. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:3033-3038. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1362554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bruno
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Leonardi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenica Greco
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marzia Merlino
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giovanni Vitale
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Onofrio Triolo
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rocco Antonio Zoccali
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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