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Kepir E, Demiral F, Akaras E, Paksoy AE, Sevindik Aktas B, Yilmaz Cankaya B, Oztop B, Yagiz G, Owen JA. Hamstring Muscle Stiffness in Athletes with and without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction History: A Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4370. [PMID: 39124637 PMCID: PMC11313014 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sports requiring sprinting, jumping, and kicking tasks frequently lead to hamstring strain injuries (HSI). One of the structural risk factors of HSI is the increased passive stiffness of the hamstrings. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury history is associated with a 70% increase in the incidence of HSI, according to a recent meta-analysis. The same report recommended that future research should concentrate on the relationships between the HSI risk factors. Hence, the present study aimed to retrospectively compare changes in the passive stiffness of the hamstrings in athletes with and without ACL reconstruction history. Methods: Using ultrasound-based shear-wave elastography, the mid-belly passive muscle stiffness values of the biceps femoris long head, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles were assessed and compared amongst athletes with and without a history of ACL reconstruction. Results: There were no significant differences in the biceps femoris long head (injured leg (IL): 26.19 ± 5.28 KPa, uninjured contralateral (UL): 26.16 ± 7.41 KPa, control legs (CL): 27.64 ± 5.58 KPa; IL vs. UL: p = 1; IL vs. CL: p = 1; UL vs. CL: p = 1), semimembranosus (IL: 24.35 ± 5.58 KPa, UL: 24.65 ± 8.35 KPa, CL: 22.83 ± 5.67 KPa; IL vs. UL: p = 1; IL vs. CL: p = 1; UL vs. CL, p = 1), or semitendinosus (IL: 22.45 ± 7 KPa, UL: 25.52 ± 7 KPa, CL: 22.54 ± 4.4 KPa; IL vs. UL: p = 0.487; IL vs. CL: p = 1; UL vs. CL, p = 0.291) muscle stiffness values between groups. Conclusions: The passive mid-muscle belly stiffness values of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles did not significantly differ between previously injured and uninjured athletes; therefore, further assessment for other muscle regions of hamstrings may be necessary. To collect more comprehensive data related to the structural changes that may occur following ACL reconstructions in athletes, a future study should examine the passive stiffness of wider muscle regions from origin to insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersagun Kepir
- Institute for Applied Human Physiology, School of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK;
| | - Furkan Demiral
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Esedullah Akaras
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Emre Paksoy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | | | - Bahar Yilmaz Cankaya
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Bilgehan Oztop
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Gokhan Yagiz
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, 05100 Amasya, Türkiye
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Julian Andrew Owen
- Institute for Applied Human Physiology, School of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK;
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Miyamoto N, Yamazaki K, Iwasaki T, Mujika I, Yamashita D, Hirata K. Biceps femoris long head stiffens after 2 weeks of training cessation in highly trained sprinters. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05536-w. [PMID: 38904773 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most athletes experience short-term training cessation because of illness, injury, post-season vacation, or other reasons. Passive muscle stiffness is a potential risk factor for a sprint-type hamstring strain injury, but limited information is available about the effect of short-term training cessation on passive muscle stiffness. The present study aimed to identify whether and how passive muscle stiffness of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) would vary due to 2 weeks of training cessation in sprinters. METHODS Passive BFlh shear-wave speed (a proxy for stiffness) was measured using ultrasound shear-wave elastography in 28 male sprinters, before and after 2 weeks of intervention. During the 2 weeks, the participants in the training-cessation group (n = 14) were allowed to maintain their normal daily activities but not to perform any physical training, including stretching and resistance exercises. The participants in the training continuation group (n = 14) performed the training (including maximum speed sprint, plyometric, and weight training) prescribed by their coaches 5 days per week. RESULTS In the training-cessation group, passive BFlh shear-wave speed increased after the 2 weeks of training cessation (4.75 ± 0.77 to 5.00 ± 0.88 m/s, P < 0.001). In contrast, there was no significant difference before and after the 2 weeks of training continuation (4.90 ± 0.85 to 4.93 ± 0.85 m/s, P = 0.521). CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that muscles stiffen by training cessation in sprinting athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naokazu Miyamoto
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Yamazaki
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Takafumi Iwasaki
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Iñigo Mujika
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daichi Yamashita
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hirata
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Pimenta R, Correia JP, Vaz JR, Veloso AP, Herzog W. Hamstrings passive and active shear modulus: Implications of conventional static stretching and warmup. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:415-421. [PMID: 38448345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compares the acute effects of a static stretching and a warmup protocol on the active and passive shear modulus of the hamstring muscles. METHODS Muscle shear modulus was assessed at rest and during isometric contractions at 20 % of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). RESULTS After stretching, the passive shear modulus pattern was not altered, while at 20 % MVIC the biceps femoris short head (BFsh) and semimembranosus showed a shear modulus increase and decrease, respectively, which resulted on BFsh-SM pair differences (pre: 3.8 ± 16.8 vs. post: 39.3 ± 25.1 kPa; p < 0.001; d = 1.66) which was accompanied by a decrease of 18.3 % on MVIC. Following the warmup protocol, passive shear modulus remained unchanged, while active shear modulus was decreased for the semitendinosus (pre: 65.3 ± 13.5 vs. post: 60.3 ± 12.3 kPa; p = 0.035; d = 0.4). However, this difference was within the standard error of measurement (10.54 kPa), and did not impact the force production, since it increased only 1.4 % after the warmup. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the passive and active shear modulus responses of the individual hamstring muscles to static stretching are muscle-specific and that passive and active hamstring shear modulus are not changed by a standard warmup intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pimenta
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Research Center of the Polytechnic Institute of Maia (N2i), Maia Polytechnic Institute (IPMAIA), Portugal; Futebol Clube Famalicão - Futebol SAD, Department of Rehabilitation and Performance, Portugal.
| | - José P Correia
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João R Vaz
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Portugal
| | - António P Veloso
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Canada
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Nakao G, Kodesho T, Yamagata K, Watanabe K, Ohsaki Y, Katayose M, Taniguchi K. Stress-strain relationship of individual hamstring muscles: A human cadaver study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 153:106473. [PMID: 38452573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of hamstring muscle strain varies among muscles, suggesting that the mechanical stresses associated with elongation may differ among muscles. However, the passive mechanical properties of whole human muscles have rarely been directly measured and clarified. This study aimed to clarify the stress-strain relationship of the hamstring muscles using a soft-embalmed Thiel cadaver. The long heads of the biceps femoris (BFlh), semimembranosus (SM), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles were dissected from eight cadavers. The proximal and distal hamstring tendons were affixed to the mechanical testing machine. Slack length was defined as the muscle length at the initial loading point detected upon the application of a tensile load. Muscle length was measured using a tape measure, and the anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) of the muscle was measured at the proximal and distal sites using B-mode ultrasonography. In the loading protocol, the muscle was elongated from its slack length to a maximum of 8% strain at an average rate of 0.83 L0/s, and the amount of displacement and tensile load were measured for each muscle. Further, the strain (%, displacement/slack muscle length) and stress (kPa, tensile load/ACSA) were calculated to evaluate the mechanical properties. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare stress changes with increasing muscle strain. A significant interaction between the muscle and strain factors was observed with respect to stress. Post-hoc tests revealed higher stresses in the BFlh and SM than in ST after 3% strain (P < 0.01). However, no significant differences were observed between the BFlh and SM groups. At 8% strain, the BFlh, SM, and ST exhibited stresses of 63.7 ± 12.1, 53.7 ± 23.2, and 21.0 ± 11.9 kPa, respectively. The results indicate that the stress changes associated with muscle strain differed among muscles. In particular, the stress applied to the three muscles at the same strain was found to be higher in the BFlh and SM. Thus, these findings suggest that increased mechanical stress during elongation may contribute to the frequent occurrence of muscle strain in BFlh and SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gakuto Nakao
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan; Sapporo Medical Technology, Welfare and Dentistry Professional Training College of Nishino Gakuen School Foundation, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taiki Kodesho
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yamagata
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohsaki
- Department of Anatomy (I), School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayose
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keigo Taniguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Hirata K, Akagi R. Acute effect of static stretching on non-muscular tissue stiffness and joint flexibility: a comparative study between older and young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:793-803. [PMID: 37702788 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-muscular tissue stiffness is assumed to have a negative impact on joint flexibility, and a reduction in non-muscular tissue stiffness may be important, especially in older adults. The present study aimed to compare the acute effects of static stretching on non-muscular tissue stiffness between older and young adults and to investigate whether a decrease in tissue stiffness improves joint flexibility. METHODS Twenty older (62-83 years) and 20 young (21-24 years) males participated. Ankle dorsiflexion static stretching (five sets of 90 s each) was performed, and before and after stretching, the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (RoM), passive ankle joint stiffness, and shear wave speed (SWS) (an index of stiffness) of the sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, and posterior thigh fascia were measured. RESULTS Stretching led to an increase in RoM and a decrease in passive joint stiffness in both groups (P < 0.001) with no significant between-group differences (P ≥ 0.055). The between-group difference in the effect of stretching on SWS was evident only for the sciatic nerve, and a decline in sciatic nerve SWS was only observed in the older adult group (pre-stretching: 2.5 ± 0.3 m/s; post-stretching: 2.3 ± 0.4 m/s; P = 0.027). A significant positive repeated-measures correlation was observed between the sciatic nerve SWS and passive joint stiffness (P = 0.014, rrm = 0.540). CONCLUSION The reduction in sciatic nerve stiffness by stretching was noticeable in older men and led to improved joint flexibility. These findings may provide insight into tissue adaptation by stretching and may be used to explore effective exercises for improving joint flexibility in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Hirata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.
| | - Ryota Akagi
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama-shi, Saitama, Japan.
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan.
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Yagiz G, Fredianto M, Ulfa M, Ariani I, Agustin AD, Shida N, Moore EWG, Kubis HP. A retrospective comparison of the biceps femoris long head muscle structure in athletes with and without hamstring strain injury history. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298146. [PMID: 38408057 PMCID: PMC10896514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hamstring strain injuries (HSI) and re-injuries are endemic in high-speed running sports. The biceps femoris long head (BFlh) is the most frequently injured muscle among the hamstrings. Structural parameters of the hamstring muscle are stated to be susceptible to strain injuries at this location. This retrospective study targeted comparing the BFlh's structural parameters between previously injured and uninjured athletes. METHODS Nineteen male athletes with previous BFlh strain injury history and nineteen athletes without former lower extremity injury history were included in this study. Fascicle length, mid-muscle belly and distal musculotendinous (MTJ) passive stiffnesses of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) were examined via b-mode panoramic ultrasound scanning and ultrasound-based shear-wave elastography. Parameter comparisons of both legs within and between athletes with and without injury history were performed. RESULTS Comparison of the BFlh fascicle length between the injured leg of the injured group and the legs of the controls revealed a trend to shorter fascicle lengths in the injured leg (p = 0.067, d = -0.62). However, the mid-muscle belly passive stiffness of the BFlh was significantly higher in the injured legs (p = 0.009, d = 0.7) compared with the controls. Additionally, the distal MTJ stiffness was much higher in the previously injured legs compared with controls (p < 0.001, d = 1.6). CONCLUSIONS Outcomes support the importance of BFlh properties related to stiffness, and fascicle length for injury susceptibility in athletes. Future prospective studies should determine whether the higher stiffness in the injured athletes is a cause or consequence of the HSI. Physical therapy and rehabilitation programmes after HSI should focus on BFlh muscle properties i.e., elasticity and fascicle length for reducing re-injury and increasing sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Yagiz
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Amasya University, Amasya, Republic of Türkiye
| | - Meiky Fredianto
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Orthopaedics and Traumatology Division, Surgery Department, School of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Siloam Hospitals Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maria Ulfa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Master of Hospital Administration, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indira Ariani
- Department of Radiology, Siloam Hospitals Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Nami Shida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Whitney G Moore
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Hans-Peter Kubis
- Institute for Applied Human Physiology, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom
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Kage V, Basti A, Tashildar A, Jain A. Combined effect of myofascial release and passive stretching on plantar pressure in individual with hamstring tightness- an experimental study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 37:412-416. [PMID: 38432838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lower kinetic chain is known to be affected by hamstring tightness which causes biomechanical alterations. As per the literature, short hamstring might cause prolonged forefoot loading, which can cause higher repeated stress on the plantar fascia. There is evidence supporting the use of various stretching and myofascial release techniques for hamstring tightness, further research is needed to investigate their impact on plantar pressure. Hence the study aims to determine combined effect of myofascial release and passive stretching on plantar pressure in individual with hamstring tightness. METHODS This was an experimental pre-post study design with 67 randomised screenings from asymptomatic health care science students aged 18 to 25. From this scientific survey, a sample size of 47 students having HMS tightness based on the popliteal angle were recruited using a universal goniometer. An intervention was proposed that included MFR and passive stretching in 3 sessions on alternate days. Plantar pressure of these individuals was noted by using the "Harris and Beath foot printing mat" before and after the intervention. RESULT Significant pressure changes were observed after intervention: great toe of right side (p = 0.001), toes 2 to 5 of right side (p = 0.010) and left side (p = 0.008), first metatarsal of left side (p = 0.010), lateral forefoot of right side (p = 0.019) and left (p = 0.018), medial heel (p = 0.044), and lateral heel of right side (p = 0.025). These values substantiate the enhancement in plantar pressure. CONCLUSION The combined effect of Myofascial release and passive stretching in an individual with hamstring tightness resulted in a significant increase in popliteal angle and plantar pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kage
- Department of Orthopaedic Physiotherapy, KAHER Institute of Physiotherapy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
| | - Akshata Basti
- Department of Orthopaedic Physiotherapy, KAHER Institute of Physiotherapy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Amanulla Tashildar
- Department of Orthopaedic Physiotherapy, KAHER Institute of Physiotherapy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Aayushi Jain
- Department of Orthopaedic Physiotherapy, KAHER Institute of Physiotherapy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Albuquerque Brandão MC, de Carvalho Teixeira G, Fernandes de Oliveira L. Acute Effects of Stretching Exercises on Posterior Chain: Analysis of Shear Modulus by Elastography SSI. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2023; 2023:5582277. [PMID: 38654914 PMCID: PMC11023729 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5582277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The posterior chain muscles of the lower limb include the hamstrings and triceps surae, along with the Achilles tendon. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of static stretching exercises commonly used in clinical and training settings on the shear modulus (µ) of these muscles and tendon using Supersonic Shear-Wave Imaging (SSI) elastography. Fifteen healthy adults participated in the study, performing stretching exercises for hamstrings and triceps surae. Shear modulus and joint range of motion (ROM) were measured before and after the stretching protocols. The hip and ankle mean ROM significantly increased by 19.27% and 24.10%, respectively. However, the stretching protocol did not significantly alter in µ of the hamstrings, the gastrocnemius muscles, and the Achilles tendon. K-means clustering analysis identified a group where the subjects with lower initial ROM showed higher amplitude gains and a significant decrease in the semimembranosus stiffness after stretching. These findings suggest that the stretching protocol was effective in improving joint mobility but not sufficient to elicit immediate mechanical changes in muscle and tendon stiffness. Neural adaptations and nonmuscular structures might contribute to increased ROM. The study highlights the importance of considering individual initial ROM and subsequent responses when evaluating the effects of stretching exercises on muscle and tendon properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara Albuquerque Brandão
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Programa de Engenharia Biomédica—COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Carvalho Teixeira
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Programa de Engenharia Biomédica—COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liliam Fernandes de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Programa de Engenharia Biomédica—COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Anjum N, Sheikh RK, Omer A, Anwar K, Khan MMH, Aftab A, Awan WA. Comparison of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization and proprioceptive neuromuscular stretching on hamstring flexibility in patients with knee osteoarthritis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16506. [PMID: 38054019 PMCID: PMC10695107 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between hamstring tightness and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is significant because tight hamstrings can put more strain on the knee joint, reduce its range of motion, and cause compensatory movements that worsen the KOA. Objective To compare the effects of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and proprioceptive neuromuscular (PNF) on hamstring flexibility in patients with KOA. Methods Data for the randomized controlled trial (NCT05110326) was collected from n = 60 participants randomly divided into group A received IASTM and group B received PNF stretching. In group A, the therapist made 30 strokes gentle strokes with the tool from the origin to the insertion while holding the plane at a 45-degree angle over the treatment area. In group B, PNF stretching was done with three repetitions and 10 seconds rest between each, after isometric contraction of the hamstring muscle using approximately 50% of their maximum strength, holding it for 8 seconds, and then releasing it. A 30-minute session was given to each patient three times per week and was given for 6 weeks. Outcome measures were the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain intensity, the active knee extension test (AKET) for hamstring flexibility, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) for the health status of KOA patients. Results The study found a significant interaction (p < 0.001) between interventions and time across several measurements. After 6 weeks, both interventions resulted in significant improvements (p < 0.001) across all dependent variables, with group A (IASTM) showing more significant improvement in hamstring flexibility, pain reduction, and health status (p < 0.001) compared to group B (PNF). Conclusions Both the IASTM technique and PNF stretching resulted in increased hamstring flexibility, decreased pain, and enhanced general health. The IASTM technique, however, showed potential benefits over PNF stretching in terms of flexibility, pain relief, and public health enhancement. Physical therapists and manual therapists may prioritize the usage of the IASTM technique for patients who want to make significant changes in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmeen Anjum
- Physiotherapy Department, Pakistan Railway Hospital,, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Aadil Omer
- Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kinza Anwar
- Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Anam Aftab
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Allied Health Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmed Awan
- Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Health Education Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Nakao G, Kodesho T, Kato T, Yokoyama Y, Saito Y, Ohsaki Y, Watanabe K, Katayose M, Taniguchi K. Relationship between shear elastic modulus and passive muscle force in human hamstring muscles using a Thiel soft-embalmed cadaver. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2023; 50:275-283. [PMID: 37170041 PMCID: PMC10954965 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-023-01317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessing muscle flexibility and architecture is important for hamstring strain injury (HSI) prevention. We investigated the relationship between shear modulus and passive force in hamstring muscles at different sites and the effect of muscle architecture on the slope of the shear modulus-passive force using shear wave elastography (SWE). METHODS The biceps femoris long head (BFlh), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM) muscles were dissected from nine Thiel-embalmed cadavers and fixed to a custom-made mechanical testing machine. Calibrated weights (0-1800 g) were applied gradually in 150-g increments. The shear modulus and anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) were measured at proximal, central, and distal points using SWE. The muscle mass and length were measured before the loading test. The shear modulus-passive load relationship of each tested muscle region was analyzed by fitting a least-squares regression line. The increase in shear modulus slope per unit load was calculated and compared between the muscles before and after normalization by the muscle mass, length, and ACSA. RESULTS The shear modulus and passive force for all hamstring muscles in each region showed a statistically significant linear correlation. Furthermore, the increase in shear modulus slope was greater for BFlh and ST than for SM (P < 0.05), but after normalization by the muscle length and ACSA, there were no significant differences among the muscles. CONCLUSION The local mechanical properties of individual hamstring muscles can be indirectly estimated using SWE, and the slope of increase in shear modulus reflects characteristics of the muscle architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gakuto Nakao
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- Professional Post-Secondary Course (Physical Therapist), Sapporo Medical Technology, Welfare and Dentistry Professional Training College of Nishino Gakuen School Foundation, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taiki Kodesho
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hitsujigaoka Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Yokoyama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Heiseikai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Saito
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohsaki
- First Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayose
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Keigo Taniguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan.
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11
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Kato T, Taniguchi K, Kodesho T, Nakao G, Yokoyama Y, Saito Y, Katayose M. Quantifying the shear modulus of the adductor longus muscle during hip joint motion using shear wave elastography. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9510. [PMID: 37308569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36698-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the effect of the hip flexion angle on the shear modulus of the adductor longus (AL) muscle associated with passive hip abduction and rotation. Sixteen men participated in the study. For the hip abduction task, the hip flexion angles used were - 20, 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80°, and the hip abduction angles were 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40°. For the hip rotation task, the hip flexion angles used were - 20, 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80°, hip abduction angles were 0 and 40°, and hip rotation angles were 20° internal rotation, 0° rotation, and 20° external rotation. The shear modulus at 20° extension was significantly higher than that at 80° flexion for the 10, 20, 30 and 40° hip abduction (i.e., P < 0.05). The shear modulus at 20° internal rotation and 20° extension was significantly higher than that at 0° rotation and 20° external rotation, regardless of the hip abduction angle (i.e., P < 0.05). The mechanical stress of the AL muscle associated with hip abduction was higher in the extended position. Furthermore, the mechanical stress could increase with internal rotation only at the hip-extended position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kato
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Taniguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Taiki Kodesho
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gakuto Nakao
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Yokoyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Saito
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayose
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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12
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Kawama R, Hojo T, Wakahara T. Acute changes in passive stiffness of the individual hamstring muscles induced by resistance exercise: effects of muscle length and exercise duration. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:655-666. [PMID: 36394605 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A previous study revealed that resistance exercise with eccentric contraction and a wide range of motion (ROM) can acutely decrease muscle stiffness of a specific muscle. To explore further approaches to decrease the stiffness, we examined the acute changes in passive stiffness of the individual hamstring muscles after eccentric-only resistance exercise with different combinations of muscle lengths and exercise durations. METHODS Thirteen healthy young male participants performed three sessions of eccentric-only exercises that comprised stiff-leg deadlift with different muscle lengths and exercise durations (duration per repetition × the total number of repetitions) on separate days as follows: (1) short muscle lengths with a short duration (SS); (2) long muscle lengths with a short duration (LS); and (3) long muscle lengths with a long duration (LL). Maximal joint ROM, passive torque, shear modulus of each hamstring muscle, and maximal isometric torque of knee flexion were measured before, and at 3, 30, and 60 min after each session. RESULTS The shear modulus of the semimembranosus was significantly lower at 3 min post-exercise (129.8 ± 22.7 kPa) than at pre-exercise (140.5 ± 19.1 kPa, p < 0.01) in LL, but not in SS or LS. No significant differences were observed in the shear moduli of the biceps femoris long head or semitendinosus between pre-exercise and 3 min post-exercise in any session. CONCLUSION The combination of long muscle lengths and a long duration during eccentric-only resistance exercise is important to immediately decrease the stiffness (shear modulus) of a specific muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raki Kawama
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hojo
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taku Wakahara
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Human Performance Laboratory, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
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13
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Zhi L, Miyamoto N, Naito H. Passive Muscle Stiffness of Biceps Femoris is Acutely Reduced after Eccentric Knee Flexion. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:487-492. [PMID: 36523902 PMCID: PMC9741713 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Eccentric hamstring exercises reportedly prevent hamstring strain injury in the biceps femoris long head (BFlh). However, information on the favorable adaptive responses in the BFlh to eccentric hamstring exercises is limited. We aimed to examine the acute effect of maximal isokinetic eccentric knee flexion on passive BFlh stiffness as a potential risk factor for the hamstring strain injury using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Ten young participants randomly performed both tasks involving five consecutive repetitions of isokinetic concentric and eccentric knee flexion with maximal effort on different legs. Passive BFlh shear modulus was taken before and 30, 60, 90, and 120 s after each task. Passive BFlh shear modulus was significantly reduced at all time points after eccentric knee flexion, whereas there was no significant change in passive BFlh shear modulus after the concentric task. The present findings indicate that passive BFlh stiffness would reduce specifically after low-volume, slow-velocity eccentric knee flexion exercise. The findings may help provide practitioners with a basis to develop more effective exercise programs for preventing HSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhi
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan
| | - Naokazu Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan, Department of Sport Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan, Institute of Health and Sport Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan
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14
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de Oliveira J, de Souza MA, Assef AA, Maia JM. Multi-Sensing Techniques with Ultrasound for Musculoskeletal Assessment: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9232. [PMID: 36501933 PMCID: PMC9740760 DOI: 10.3390/s22239232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study of muscle contractions generated by the muscle-tendon unit (MTU) plays a critical role in medical diagnoses, monitoring, rehabilitation, and functional assessments, including the potential for movement prediction modeling used for prosthetic control. Over the last decade, the use of combined traditional techniques to quantify information about the muscle condition that is correlated to neuromuscular electrical activation and the generation of muscle force and vibration has grown. The purpose of this review is to guide the reader to relevant works in different applications of ultrasound imaging in combination with other techniques for the characterization of biological signals. Several research groups have been using multi-sensing systems to carry out specific studies in the health area. We can divide these studies into two categories: human-machine interface (HMI), in which sensors are used to capture critical information to control computerized prostheses and/or robotic actuators, and physiological study, where sensors are used to investigate a hypothesis and/or a clinical diagnosis. In addition, the relevance, challenges, and expectations for future work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Technology (PPGTS), Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Mauren Abreu de Souza
- Graduate Program in Health Technology (PPGTS), Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Amauri Amorin Assef
- Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CPGEI), Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Miguel Maia
- Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CPGEI), Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil
- Electronics Engineering Department (DAELN), Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil
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15
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Kellis E, Blazevich AJ. Hamstrings force-length relationships and their implications for angle-specific joint torques: a narrative review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:166. [PMID: 36064431 PMCID: PMC9446565 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Temporal biomechanical and physiological responses to physical activity vary between individual hamstrings components as well as between exercises, suggesting that hamstring muscles operate differently, and over different lengths, between tasks. Nevertheless, the force-length properties of these muscles have not been thoroughly investigated. The present review examines the factors influencing the hamstrings’ force-length properties and relates them to in vivo function. A search in four databases was performed for studies that examined relations between muscle length and force, torque, activation, or moment arm of hamstring muscles. Evidence was collated in relation to force-length relationships at a sarcomere/fiber level and then moment arm-length, activation-length, and torque-joint angle relations. Five forward simulation models were also used to predict force-length and torque-length relations of hamstring muscles. The results show that, due to architectural differences alone, semitendinosus (ST) produces less peak force and has a flatter active (contractile) fiber force-length relation than both biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semimembranosus (SM), however BFlh and SM contribute greater forces through much of the hip and knee joint ranges of motion. The hamstrings’ maximum moment arms are greater at the hip than knee, so the muscles tend to act more as force producers at the hip but generate greater joint rotation and angular velocity at the knee for a given muscle shortening length and speed. However, SM moment arm is longer than SM and BFlh, partially alleviating its reduced force capacity but also reducing its otherwise substantial excursion potential. The current evidence, bound by the limitations of electromyography techniques, suggests that joint angle-dependent activation variations have minimal impact on force-length or torque-angle relations. During daily activities such as walking or sitting down, the hamstrings appear to operate on the ascending limbs of their force-length relations while knee flexion exercises performed with hip angles 45–90° promote more optimal force generation. Exercises requiring hip flexion at 45–120° and knee extension 45–0° (e.g. sprint running) may therefore evoke greater muscle forces and, speculatively, provide a more optimum adaptive stimulus. Finally, increases in resistance to stretch during hip flexion beyond 45° result mainly from SM and BFlh muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Kellis
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, TEFAA Serres, 62100, Serres, Greece.
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Australia
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16
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Bouvier J, Martin C, Fouré A. Effect of hip and knee joint angles on resting hamstring muscles rigidity in men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2375-2383. [PMID: 35945385 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hamstring muscle strains are one of the most common injuries in sports practice, for both men and women. However, sex disparities in the rate of muscle injuries have been observed. As these muscular injuries usually occur at long muscle length, this study aimed to determine the effect of sex on hamstring muscles' resting rigidity under different stretching conditions. METHODS The shear wave speed (SWS) of resting hamstring muscles was measured in 12 men and 12 women in different hip and knee positions (hip extended with knee flexed, hip flexed with knee extended, both joints extended and both joints flexed). RESULTS Combining all the positions, the SWS of the semitendinosus was higher in men than in women (2.96 vs. 2.71 m.s-1). Regardless of sex, a significant rise in SWS was systematically observed when the semimembranosus was stretched (1.86, 2.37, 2.76 and 4.39 m.s-1) but it was neither the case for the semitendinosus (p = 0.82) nor for the biceps femoris (p = 0.50). Finally, differences in SWS among the hamstring muscles were only observed at the longest muscle length, with greater SWS values for the semimembranosus and semitendinosus in comparison with the biceps femoris (4.39 and 4.12 vs. 3.38 m.s-1 respectively). CONCLUSION In conclusion, a sex difference was only observed in the resting semitendinosus rigidity. Independently of sex, the increase in resting hamstring muscles SWS with stretch was muscle specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Bouvier
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 27-29 Boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cyril Martin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 27-29 Boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandre Fouré
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 27-29 Boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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17
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Otsuka Y, Miyamoto N, Nagai A, Izumo T, Nakai M, Fukuda M, Arimitsu T, Yamada Y, Hashimoto T. Effects of Quercetin Glycoside Supplementation Combined With Low-Intensity Resistance Training on Muscle Quantity and Stiffness: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:912217. [PMID: 35873410 PMCID: PMC9298516 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.912217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Aging of skeletal muscle is characterized not only by a decrease of muscle quantity but also by changes in muscle quality, such as an increase in muscle stiffness. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation with quercetin glycosides (QGs), well-known polyphenolic flavonoids, combined with resistance exercise on muscle quantity and stiffness. Materials and Methods A randomized, controlled trial was conducted in community-dwelling, Japanese people aged 50-74 years who were randomly allocated to exercise with placebo or 200 or 500 mg of QG supplementation. All participants performed low-intensity resistance training mainly targeting thigh muscles with 40% of 1-repetition maximum, 3 days per week for 24 weeks. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), lean mass, and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle stiffness were measured before and after the 24-week intervention. Results Forty-eight subjects completed the 24-week intervention. There were no significant group × time interactions in thigh CSA for primary outcome, as well as lean mass. VL muscle stiffness in the stretched position was significantly lower in both the 200 mg and 500 mg QG groups than in the placebo group after the 24-week intervention (p < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between changes of VL muscle CSA and stiffness during the 24-week intervention. Conclusion Quercetin glycoside supplementation combined with low-intensity resistance exercise improved passive muscle stiffness independently of muscle quantity. Clinical Trial Registration [www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/], identifier [UMIN000037633].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Otsuka
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naokazu Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Nagai
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Izumo
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakai
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Takuma Arimitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Health Care, Undergraduate Department of Human Health, Hachinohe Gakuin University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Lim W. Effect of novel diagonal stretching combining trunk rotation and trunk flexion on contralateral knee extension. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-220026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Most previous studies have focused on increasing hamstring flexibility when knee extension range of motion (KE ROM) is restricted. However, it was demonstrated that the tensile force generated in the upper body could be transmitted to the contralateral lower extremity. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of novel diagonal stretching combining trunk rotation and trunk flexion on the contralateral KE ROM. METHODS: Two different positions (sitting with a neutral pelvis position and sitting with trunk rotation) were randomly selected and the contralateral and ipsilateral KE ROM was measured in each position. As for the stretching intervention, trunk rotation and slight trunk flexion were applied in sitting with a neutral pelvic position. RESULTS: On the contralateral side, KE ROM was significantly different in all pairwise comparisons (p< 0.001). On the ipsilateral side, a significant difference in KE ROM was only observed between measurements taken after stretching compared to measurements taken during trunk rotation (p= 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The tensile force in the upper body significantly affects tissue extensibility in the lower extremity in the contralateral side, leading to the restriction of active maximum knee extension. Diagonal stretching techniques may successfully enhance mobility in the contralateral leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wootaek Lim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Woosong University, Daejeon, Korea
- Woosong Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Woosong University, Daejeon, Korea
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19
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Liu H, Shen Y, Xiong Y, Zhou H, Mao Y, Shen Q, Hong W, Liu M, Liu Y, Qiu L, Zhang Z, Jia Y. Psychometric Properties of Four Common Clinical Tests for Assessing Hamstring Flexibility in Young Adults. Front Physiol 2022; 13:911240. [PMID: 35784887 PMCID: PMC9240627 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.911240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of four common hamstring muscle flexibility tests involving the straight leg raise (SLR), passive knee extension (PKE), sit and reach test (SRT) and toe touch test (TTT) in young adults. Methods: Forty-three young healthy adults (mean age 27.4 years) were recruited for 3 repeated sessions of hamstring flexibility assessments using the 4 tests mentioned above and the subsequent isokinetic examinations. The first two sessions (S1 and S2) were conducted by two different raters randomly on the first day (D1), and the third session (S3) was conducted by the same rater as S1 3 days later (D4). The next day (D5), the isokinetic performances of knee extensors and flexors of the dominant leg were assessed. To evaluate the interrater (S1 vs. S2) and test-retest (S1 vs. S3) reliability of hamstring flexibility tests, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard errors of measurement, and the minimum detectable differences were calculated. Correlation analyses were performed to study the association of each hamstring flexibility test with the isokinetic muscle function of the knee flexors (H) and extensors (Q), including the peak torque (PT), total amount of work (TW) and average power (AP). Results: Excellent interrater and test-retest reliability of hamstring flexibility tests involving the SLR, PKE, SRT and TTT were confirmed with ICCs ranging from 0.923 to 0.986. Fair correlations were found between the 4 hamstring flexibility tests and the H/Q for the PT at angular speeds of 180°/s (Pearson’s r at 0.330–0.449). In addition, the PKE was fairly correlated with the AP of the hamstring (Pearson’s r = 0.320) and the H/Q for the TW (Pearson’s r = 0.345) and AP (Pearson’s r = 0.386) at angular speeds of 180°/s. Conclusions: This study confirmed that the SLR, PKE, SRT and TTT were reliable flexibility tests for hamstring muscles in young healthy adults, and the PKE might be a more valid outcome measure to predict hamstring injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Rehabilitation Department, JORU Rehabilitation Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Zhou
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Center, JORU Rehabilitation Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Yuchen Mao
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Center, JORU Rehabilitation Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Qiangqiang Shen
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Center, JORU Rehabilitation Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Wenxia Hong
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Center, JORU Rehabilitation Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Mingjian Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqian Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanbing Jia, ; Zhijie Zhang,
| | - Yanbing Jia
- Neuro-Rehabilitation Center, JORU Rehabilitation Hospital, Yixing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanbing Jia, ; Zhijie Zhang,
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20
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Kawama R, Yanase K, Hojo T, Wakahara T. Acute changes in passive stiffness of the individual hamstring muscles induced by resistance exercise: effects of contraction mode and range of motion. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2071-2083. [PMID: 35699758 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies raise an interesting possibility that resistance exercise also decreases passive muscle stiffness, as does stretching exercise. However, little is known about how program variables of resistance exercise acutely influence muscle stiffness. We aimed to examine the acute changes in passive stiffness of the individual hamstring muscles after resistance exercises using different combinations of contraction modes and ranges of motion (ROMs). METHODS Thirteen healthy young male participants performed three sessions of resistance exercises that comprised stiff-leg deadlift with different contraction modes and exercise ROMs on separate days as follows: (1) eccentric contractions with a wide exercise ROM (EW); (2) eccentric contractions with a narrow exercise ROM (EN); and (3) concentric contractions with a wide exercise ROM (CW). Maximal joint ROM, passive torque, shear modulus of the individual hamstring muscles, and maximal isometric torque of knee flexion were measured before and 3 min, 30 min, and 60 min after completing each session. RESULTS The shear modulus of the semimembranosus was significantly lower at 3 min post-exercise (121.8 ± 16.0 kPa) than at pre-exercise (129.0 ± 18.9 kPa, p = 0.021, r = 0.45) in EW, but not in EN or CW. There were no significant changes in the shear moduli of the biceps femoris long head or the semitendinosus at any timepoint in any exercise protocols. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that the combination of eccentric contraction and wide ROM during resistance exercise has the potential to acutely decrease passive stiffness (shear modulus) of a specific muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raki Kawama
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Yanase
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.,Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hojo
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taku Wakahara
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan. .,Human Performance Laboratory, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
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21
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Reiner MM, Tilp M, Guilhem G, Morales-Artacho A, Konrad A. Comparison of A Single Vibration Foam Rolling and Static Stretching Exercise on the Muscle Function and Mechanical Properties of the Hamstring Muscles. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:287-297. [PMID: 35719228 PMCID: PMC9157528 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Knee extension and hip flexion range of motion (ROM) and functional performance of the hamstrings are of great importance in many sports. The aim of this study was to investigate if static stretching (SS) or vibration foam rolling (VFR) induce greater changes in ROM, functional performance, and stiffness of the hamstring muscles. Twenty-five male volunteers were tested on two appointments and were randomly assigned either to a 2 min bout of SS or VFR. ROM, counter movement jump (CMJ) height, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) peak torque, passive resistive torque (PRT), and shear modulus of semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), and biceps femoris (BFlh), were assessed before and after the intervention. In both groups ROM increased (SS = 7.7%, P < 0.01; VFR = 8.8%, P < 0.01). The MVIC values decreased after SS (-5.1%, P < 0.01) only. Shear modulus of the ST changed for -6.7% in both groups (VFR: P < 0.01; SS: P < 0.01). Shear modulus decreased in SM after VFR (-6.5%; P = 0.03) and no changes were observed in the BFlh in any group (VFR = -1%; SS = -2.9%). PRT and CMJ values did not change following any interventions. Our findings suggest that VFR might be a favorable warm-up routine if the goal is to acutely increase ROM without compromising functional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Maren Reiner
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Tilp
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gaël Guilhem
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Antonio Morales-Artacho
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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22
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Kositsky A, Saxby DJ, Lesch KJ, Barrett RS, Kröger H, Lahtinen O, Diamond LE, Korhonen RK, Stenroth L. In vivo assessment of the passive stretching response of the bi-compartmental human semitendinosus muscle using shear wave elastography. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 132:438-447. [PMID: 34941438 PMCID: PMC8799393 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00473.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The semitendinosus muscle contains distinct proximal and distal compartments arranged anatomically in-series but separated by a tendinous inscription, with each compartment innervated by separate nerve branches. Although extensively investigated in other mammals, compartment-specific mechanical properties within the human semitendinosus have scarcely been assessed in vivo. Experimental data obtained during muscle-tendon unit stretching (e.g., slack angle) can also be used to validate and/or improve musculoskeletal model estimates of semitendinosus muscle force. The purpose of this study was to investigate the passive stretching response of proximal and distal humans semitendinosus compartments to distal joint extension. Using two-dimensional shear wave elastography, we bilaterally obtained shear moduli of both semitendinosus compartments from 14 prone-positioned individuals at ten knee flexion angles (from 90° to 0° [full extension] at 10° intervals). Passive muscle mechanical characteristics (slack angle, slack shear modulus, and the slope of the increase in shear modulus) were determined for each semitendinosus compartment by fitting a piecewise exponential model to the shear modulus-joint angle curves. We found no differences between compartments or legs for slack angle, slack shear modulus, or the slope of the increase in shear modulus. We also found the experimentally determined slack angle occurred at ~15-80° higher knee flexion angles compared to estimates from two commonly used musculoskeletal models, depending on participant and model used. Overall, these findings demonstrate that passive shear modulus-joint angle curves do not differ between proximal and distal human semitendinosus compartments, and provide experimental data to improve semitendinosus force estimates derived from musculoskeletal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kositsky
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - David J Saxby
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kim J Lesch
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rod S Barrett
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heikki Kröger
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio Musculoskeletal Research Unit (KMRU), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Lahtinen
- Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Unit of Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura E Diamond
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lauri Stenroth
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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23
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Yamazaki K, Inoue K, Miyamoto N. Passive and active muscle elasticity of medial gastrocnemius is related to performance in sprinters. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:447-457. [PMID: 34797438 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited information is available on the association between muscle material properties and sprint performance. We aimed to identify whether and how the elasticity of passive and active muscle of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) is related to sprint performance. METHODS MG shear wave speed was measured under passive and active (20%, 50%, 80% of maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]) conditions, with ultrasound shear wave elastography, in 18 male sprinters. Passive and active ankle joint stiffness was assessed by applying a short-range fast stretch during 0%, 20%, 50%, and 80% MVC of plantar flexion. Additionally, rate of torque development (RTD) during explosive plantar flexion was measured. RESULTS Passive and active MG shear wave speed was negatively correlated with 100-m race time. Passive MG shear wave speed was positively correlated with RTD, and RTD was negatively correlated with 100-m race time. MG shear wave speed at 50% and 80% MVC showed a positive correlation with ankle joint stiffness at the corresponding contraction level, and ankle joint stiffness at 50% and 80% MVC showed negative correlations with 100-m race time. These correlations were significant even after controlling for MVC torque. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that passive and active muscle elasticity of plantar flexor is important to achieve superior sprint performance. Specifically, high elasticity of passive MG could be related to superior sprint performance through high explosive torque production. In contrast, high elasticity of active MG at moderate-to-high intensity is likely related to high sprint performance through high ankle joint stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Kakeru Inoue
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Naokazu Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
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24
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Tokunaga A, Shimizu M. Age-related change in shear elastic modulus of the thoracolumbar multifidus muscle in healthy Beagle dogs using ultrasound shear wave elastography. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e3. [PMID: 33522155 PMCID: PMC7850783 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multifidus muscle stiffness decreases in patients with lumbar intervertebral disk herniation; however, age-related changes in humans have not been reported. Objectives The reliability of ultrasound shear wave elastography in dogs, and changes in the shear elastic modulus of the thoracolumbar multifidus muscle with aging in dogs, were investigated. Methods Twelve beagle dogs were divided into 2 groups based on the age of onset of intervertebral disk herniation: young (aged not exceeding 2 years; 1.3 ± 0.6 years old, n = 5) and adult (4.9 ± 1.2 years old, n = 7). The shear elastic modulus of the multifidus muscle, from the thirteenth thoracic spine to the fourth lumbar spine, was measured using ultrasound shear wave elastography. The length, cross-sectional area and muscle to fat ratio of the multifidus muscle, and the grade of intervertebral disk degeneration, were assessed using radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Results The length and cross-sectional area of the multifidus muscle increased caudally. In the young group, the shear elastic modulus of the multifidus muscle of the thirteenth thoracic spine was less than that of the third lumbar spine. In the adult group, the shear elastic modulus of the multifidus muscle of first and third lumbar spine was lower than that of the same site in the young group. Conclusions Ultrasound can be used to measure shear wave elastography of the thoracolumbar multifidus in dogs. If the multifidus muscle stiffness decreases, we should consider age-related change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Tokunaga
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Miki Shimizu
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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25
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Nakamura M, Sato S, Murakami Y, Kiyono R, Yahata K, Sanuki F, Yoshida R, Fukaya T, Takeuchi K. The Comparison of Different Stretching Intensities on the Range of Motion and Muscle Stiffness of the Quadriceps Muscles. Front Physiol 2021; 11:628870. [PMID: 33519530 PMCID: PMC7838703 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.628870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle strain is one of the most frequent sports injuries, having the rectus femoris (RF) muscle as the reported preferred site of quadriceps muscle strain. The decrease muscle stiffness could be an effective RF muscle strain prevention. In recent studies, a high-intensity static stretching intervention decreased passive stiffness, though no study has investigated on the effect of the different static stretching intervention intensities on quadriceps muscle stiffness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the three different quadriceps muscle stiffness intensities (120 vs. 100 vs. 80%). Eighteen healthy, sedentary male volunteers participated in the study and randomly performed three intensities. The static stretching intervention was performed in knee flexion with 30° hip extension. Three 60-second stretching intervention with a 30-second interval were performed at each stretching intensity. We measured knee flexion range of motion and shear elastic modulus of the RF muscle used by ultrasonic shear-wave elastography before and after the static stretching intervention. Our results showed that the knee flexion range of motion was increased after 100% (p < 0.01) and 120% intensities (p < 0.01) static stretching intervention, not in 80% intensity (p = 0.853). In addition, our results showed that the shear elastic modulus of the RF muscle was decreased only after 100% intensity static stretching intervention (p < 0.01), not after 80% (p = 0.365), and 120% intensities (p = 0.743). To prevent the quadriceps muscle strain, especially the RF muscle, 100%, not 120% (high) and 80% (low), intensity stretching could be beneficial in sports setting application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Nakamura
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuta Murakami
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kiyono
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yahata
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Futaba Sanuki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Riku Yoshida
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taizan Fukaya
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Kyoto Kujo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takeuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe International University, Hyogo, Japan
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26
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Tayashiki K, Kanehisa H, Miyamoto N. Does Intra-abdominal Pressure Have a Causal Effect on Muscle Strength of Hip and Knee Joints? J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:41-46. [PMID: 29952867 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Tayashiki, K, Kanehisa, H, and Miyamoto, N. Does intra-abdominal pressure have a causal effect on muscle strength of hip and knee joints? J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 41-46, 2021-It remains unclear whether intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) has a causal effect on lower-limb muscle strength. This study aimed to clarify whether or not changes in IAP, induced by changing breathing state, influence muscle strength of hip and knee extensor and flexor. Eighteen healthy males (age: 22.0 ± 2.2 years, height: 1.71 ± 0.03 m, and body mass: 68.1 ± 6.1 kg) performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) of hip and knee extensor and flexor during breath-hold at full inspiration (inspiratory condition) or expiration (expiratory condition), or during normal breath-hold (normal condition). Intra-abdominal pressure was obtained by a pressure transducer placed in the rectum and determined at the time at which the developed torque reached to the maximum. The IAP during each MVIC was significantly greater in inspiratory condition than in expiratory condition (p < 0.05). The maximal torque of hip extensor was significantly greater in inspiratory condition than in expiratory condition (p < 0.05). By contrast, the maximal torque of each of hip flexor, knee extensor, and knee flexor was not different among the 3 breath-hold conditions. The IAP was significantly correlated with the maximal torque of hip extensor in each breath-hold condition. The current results suggest that a sufficient increase in IAP has a causal effect to specifically improve muscle strength of hip extensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Tayashiki
- Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan
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27
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Hirata K, Yamadera R, Akagi R. Can Static Stretching Reduce Stiffness of the Triceps Surae in Older Men? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:673-679. [PMID: 31652247 PMCID: PMC7034366 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate reductions of muscle stiffness induced by static stretching in older and younger men. Methods Twenty older (62–83 yr) and 20 younger (21–24 yr) men were recruited. Ankle dorsiflexion static stretching was consisted of 90 s × 5 repetitions. Before and after the stretching, the dorsiflexion range of motion (RoM), passive plantar flexion torque, and shear modulus (an index of stiffness) of the medial (MG) and lateral gastrocnemius and the soleus were measured. Results RoM, passive torque, and shear modulus of the triceps surae measured at the maximal dorsiflexion angle before stretching were significantly lower for the older group than the younger group. This suggests a weak stretching intensity for older compared with younger people. The stretching significantly improved RoM for both groups. For the older group, a significant reduction in passive torque was only observed at a 15° dorsiflexion angle, and the shear modulus was significantly decreased only for the distal region of MG. For the younger group, passive torque was significantly reduced for the entire RoM, and a significant decrease in shear modulus was found for the central and distal regions of MG and lateral gastrocnemius. A significant correlation between the muscle shear modulus measured at the maximal dorsiflexion angle before stretching and a stretching-induced decrease in muscle shear modulus was observed for older and younger participants. This indicates that the higher stretching intensity can reduce more muscle stiffness. Conclusion Static stretching can reduce muscle stiffness regardless of age, although the stretching effect on muscle stiffness was limited for older people. This might be due to a lower stretching intensity for older than younger people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryosuke Yamadera
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama-shi, Saitama, JAPAN
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28
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Abstract
Muscle stiffness, muscle elasticity and explosive strength are the main components of athletes' performance and they show a sex-based as well as ethnicity variation. Muscle stiffness is thought to be one of the risk factors associated with sports injuries and is less common in females than in males. These observations may be explained by circulating levels of sex hormones and their specific receptors. It has been shown that higher levels of estrogen are associated with lower muscle stiffness responsible for suppression of collagen synthesis. It is thought that these properties, at least in part, depend on genetic factors. Particularly, the gene encoding estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) is one of the candidates that may be associated with muscle stiffness. Muscle elasticity increases with aging and there is evidence suggesting that titin (encoded by the TTN gene), a protein that is expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles, is one of the factors responsible for elastic properties of the muscles. Mutations in the TTN gene result in some types of muscular dystrophy or cardiomyopathy. In this context, TTN may be regarded as a promising candidate for studying the elastic properties of muscles in athletes. The physiological background of explosive strength depends not only on the muscle architecture and muscle fiber composition, but also on the central nervous system and functionality of neuromuscular units. These properties are, at least partly, genetically determined. In this context, the ACTN3 gene code for α-actinin 3 has been widely researched.
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29
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Acute Static Stretching Results in Muscle-Specific Alterations amongst the Hamstring Muscles. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8090119. [PMID: 32872623 PMCID: PMC7552619 DOI: 10.3390/sports8090119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the acute effects of static stretching on the musculotendinous properties of two hamstring muscles. Twelve male volunteers underwent two testing sessions. One session was dedicated to the evaluation of the semitendinosus muscle before (PRE) and after (POST) static stretching (five sets of 30-s stretching), and the other session similarly explored the long head of biceps femoris muscle. In addition to the displacement of the myotendinous junction (MTJ), passive torque and maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVIT) were evaluated. MVIT (-8.3 ± 10.2%, p = 0.0036, d = 0.497) and passive torque (-28.4 ± 16.9%, p = 0.0003, d = 1.017) were significantly decreased POST stretching. PRE stretching, MTJ displacement was significantly greater for semitendinosus muscle than biceps femoris muscle (27.0 ± 5.2 vs. 18.6 ± 3.6, p = 0.0011, d = 1.975). After the stretching procedure, greater MTJ displacement relative changes were observed for biceps femoris muscle as compared to semitendinosus muscle (22.4 ± 31.6 vs. -8.4 ± 17.9, p = 0.0167, d = 1.252). Because of the smaller MTJ displacement PRE stretching and greater alteration POST stretching in biceps femoris muscles, the present study demonstrated muscle-specific acute responses of hamstring muscles during stretching. Although stretching acutely impairs torque production, the passive torque reduction and alteration of MTJ displacement might impact hamstring injury prevention.
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30
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McPherson AL, Nagai T, Schilaty ND, Hale R, Hewett TE, Bates NA. High school male basketball athletes exhibit greater hamstring muscle stiffness than females as assessed with shear wave elastography. Skeletal Radiol 2020; 49:1231-1237. [PMID: 32123955 PMCID: PMC7305958 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to characterize lower extremity passive muscle stiffness in a young, healthy, athletic population. It was hypothesized that males would exhibit greater stiffness than females and that hamstring stiffness would increase with increased passive hamstring stretch. METHODS Male (n = 52, age 16.0 ± 1.3 years, height 180.3 ± 7.9 cm, weight 73.1 ± 11.8 kg) and female (n = 89, age 15.6 ± 1.3 years, height 169.7 ± 8.1 cm, weight 65.2 ± 13.2 kg) high school basketball athletes were recruited for this study. Shear wave elastography (SWE) was used to measure shear wave velocity (m/s) of the biceps femoris muscle at three leg positions (40%, 60%, and 80%) of the maximum passive 90-90 straight-leg raise position for each leg. Hamstring stiffness (kPa) was quantified from the SWE elastogram using custom processing software. RESULTS Hamstring stiffness was significantly greater for males than females at every position on both the dominant and non-dominant limbs (p < 0.05). Hamstring stiffness was greater on the non-dominant limb than the dominant for females at the 40% position. Stiffness at 60% was greater than stiffness at 40% for males on both the dominant and non-dominant limbs. However, stiffness at 60% was greater than stiffness at 80% on the male non-dominant limb. Females demonstrated higher stiffness at 40% than both 60% and 80% for the dominant and non-dominant limbs. CONCLUSION Healthy male basketball players had higher hamstring muscle stiffness than female players. Future studies may investigate what factors contribute to the large variability observed in muscle stiffness, resulting in mixed results on the effects of leg dominance and stretching positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L. McPherson
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nathan D. Schilaty
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rena Hale
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy E. Hewett
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Bates
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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31
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Miyamoto N, Kimura N, Hirata K. Non-uniform distribution of passive muscle stiffness within hamstring. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1729-1738. [PMID: 32490549 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Limited information is available on whether stiffness is different within and between the constituents of the hamstring, that is, the biceps femoris long head (BFlh), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM). Therefore, understanding of hamstring injuries and stretching effect on hamstring stiffness is difficult. The present study primarily aimed to identify whether passive muscle stiffness differs between the BFlh, ST, and SM and between the proximal, middle, and distal sites within each muscle. Secondly, the effect of stretching exercise on the heterogeneity in passive muscle stiffness was examined. In the lengthened hamstring positions by extending the knee joint or flexing the hip joint, passive muscle shear modulus (a measure of stiffness) at the proximal, middle, and distal sites of the BFlh, ST, and SM was measured by using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Furthermore, before and after five repetitions of 90-seconds static stretching for the hamstring, passive muscle shear modulus at the proximal and distal sites of the SM was measured. The shear modulus was significantly higher in the SM than in the BFlh and ST and higher at the distal site than the proximal site in all muscles. After the stretching, the higher shear modulus at the distal site of the SM compared to the proximal site was still observed (pre-stretching: +80%, post-stretching: +81%). These findings indicate that passive muscle stiffness varies within the hamstring regardless of performing stretching exercise and that passive muscle stiffness is not highest at the proximal site of the SM where a stretching-type hamstring strain typically occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naokazu Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan.,National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Noriko Kimura
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hirata
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Miyamoto-Mikami E, Miyamoto N, Kumagai H, Hirata K, Kikuchi N, Zempo H, Kimura N, Kamiya N, Kanehisa H, Naito H, Fuku N. COL5A1 rs12722 polymorphism is not associated with passive muscle stiffness and sports-related muscle injury in Japanese athletes. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:192. [PMID: 31791263 PMCID: PMC6889657 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor joint flexibility has been repeatedly proposed as a risk factor for muscle injury. The C-to-T polymorphism (rs12722) in the 3'-untranslated region of the collagen type V α1 chain gene (COL5A1) is reportedly associated with joint flexibility. Flexibility of a normal joint is largely determined by passive muscle stiffness, which is influenced by intramuscular collagenous connective tissues including type V collagen. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that the COL5A1 rs12722 polymorphism influences joint flexibility via passive muscle stiffness, and is accordingly associated with the incidence of muscle injury. METHODS In Study 1, we examined whether the rs12722 polymorphism is associated with joint flexibility and passive muscle stiffness in 363 healthy young adults. Joint flexibility was evaluated by passive straight-leg-raise and sit-and-reach tests, and passive muscle stiffness was measured using ultrasound shear wave elastography. In Study 2, the association of the rs12722 polymorphism with sports-related muscle injury was assessed in 1559 Japanese athletes. Muscle injury history and severity were assessed by a questionnaire. In both Study 1 and Study 2, the rs12722 C-to-T polymorphism in the COL5A1 was determined using the TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. RESULTS Study 1 revealed that the rs12722 polymorphism had no significant effect on range of motion in passive straight-leg-raise and sit-and-reach tests. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in passive muscle stiffness of the hamstring among the rs12722 genotypes. In Study 2, rs12722 genotype frequencies did not differ between the muscle injury and no muscle injury groups. Moreover, no association was observed between rs12722 polymorphism and severity of muscle injury. CONCLUSIONS The present study does not support the view that COL5A1 rs12722 polymorphism has a role as a risk factor for sports-related muscle injury, or that it is a determinant for passive muscle stiffness in a Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan. .,Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naokazu Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kumagai
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hirata
- Research Fellow of Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Department of Training Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Zempo
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Seiei College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kimura
- Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies, Tenri University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.,Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.,Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
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Assessment of the Passive Tension of the First Dorsal Interosseous and First Lumbrical Muscles Using Shear Wave Elastography. J Hand Surg Am 2019; 44:1092.e1-1092.e8. [PMID: 30819410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative evaluation of passive tension of the intrinsic muscles of the hand is necessary to assess contracture of the intrinsic muscles accurately. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear modulus, which is related to passive muscle tension, of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and first lumbrical (FL) muscles using shear wave elastography. METHODS Subjects were 18 healthy males. The shear modulus of the FDI and FL muscles was assessed at several proximal interphalangeal (PIP), distal interphalangeal (DIP), metacarpophalangeal (MCP), and wrist joint positions. The position in which the MCP joint was flexed 60° past 0° with PIP-DIP joint extension and that in which the MCP joint was extended 30° past 0° with PIP-DIP joint flexion were respectively defined as the slack and stretched positions. We analyzed whether the shear modulus was affected by finger position (slack or stretched), wrist position (30° flexion past 0° and 30° extension past 0°), and muscle (FDI or FL). RESULTS Shear modulus in the stretched position was significantly higher than that in the slack position. The shear modulus of the FL muscle at 30° wrist extension was significantly higher than that at 30° flexion. The shear modulus of the FL muscle was significantly higher than that of the FDI muscle in the stretched position with the wrist at 30° flexion and extension, and in the slack position with the wrist at 30° extension. CONCLUSIONS The shear modulus of the FDI and FL muscles increased with MCP joint extension and PIP-DIP joint flexion. The difference in the muscle characteristics between the FDI and FL muscles should be considered when evaluating or treating contractures of the intrinsic muscles. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Shear wave elastography can evaluate the condition of the intrinsic muscles of the hand quantitatively.
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Avrillon S, Lacourpaille L, Hug F, Le Sant G, Frey A, Nordez A, Guilhem G. Hamstring muscle elasticity differs in specialized high‐performance athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 30:83-91. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Avrillon
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370) French Institute of Sport (INSEP) Paris France
- Nantes Université, Movement, Interactions, Performance, MIP, EA 4334 Nantes France
| | - Lilian Lacourpaille
- Nantes Université, Movement, Interactions, Performance, MIP, EA 4334 Nantes France
| | - François Hug
- Nantes Université, Movement, Interactions, Performance, MIP, EA 4334 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) Paris France
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Guillaume Le Sant
- Nantes Université, Movement, Interactions, Performance, MIP, EA 4334 Nantes France
- School of Physiotherapy, IFM3R Nantes France
| | - Alain Frey
- Medical Department French Institute of Sport (INSEP) Paris France
- Service de Médecine du sport CHI Poissy/St Germain Saint Germain en Laye France
| | - Antoine Nordez
- Nantes Université, Movement, Interactions, Performance, MIP, EA 4334 Nantes France
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences Health and Rehabilitation Research InstituteAuckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
| | - Gaël Guilhem
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370) French Institute of Sport (INSEP) Paris France
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Effect of Rest Duration Between Static Stretching on Passive Stiffness of Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle In Vivo. J Sport Rehabil 2019; 29:578-582. [PMID: 31094610 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In clinical and sports settings, static stretching (SS) is usually performed to increase range of motion (ROM) and decrease passive muscle stiffness. Recently, the shear elastic modulus was measured by ultrasonic shear wave elastography as an index of muscle stiffness. Previous studies reported that the shear elastic modulus measured by ultrasound shear wave elastography decreased after SS, and the effects of SS on shear elastic modulus were likely affected by rest duration between sets of SS. OBJECTIVE To investigate the acute effects of SS with different rest durations on ROM and shear elastic modulus of gastrocnemius and to clarify whether the rest duration between sets of SS decreases the shear elastic modulus. DESIGN A randomized, repeated-measures experimental design. SETTING University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen healthy males volunteered to participate in the study (age 21.3 [0.8] y; height 171.8 [5.1] cm; weight 63.1 [4.5] kg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Each participant underwent 3 different rest interval durations during SS (ie, long rest duration: 90 s; normal rest duration: 30 s; and short rest duration: 10 s). This SS technique was repeated 10 times, thus lasting a total of 300 seconds with different rest durations in each protocol. The dorsiflexion ROM and shear elastic modulus were measured before and after SS. RESULTS Our results revealed that dorsiflexion ROM and shear elastic modulus were changed after 300-second SS; however, no effects of the rest duration between sets of SS were observed. CONCLUSIONS In terms of decreasing the shear elastic modulus, clinicians and coaches should not focus on the rest duration when SS intervention is performed.
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Kay AD, Dixon J, Bligh LD, Blazevich AJ. The external validity of a novel contract-relax stretching technique on knee flexor range of motion. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 30:74-82. [PMID: 31544279 PMCID: PMC6916286 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Compromised joint range of motion (ROM) can negatively affect the capacity to perform activities of daily living in clinical populations. Recently, similar improvements in dorsiflexion ROM were reported following dynamometry‐based contract‐relax (CR) stretching and modified CR stretching technique (stretch‐return‐contract [SRC]) where the contraction phase was performed “off stretch.” As neither the impact of SRC on other muscle groups nor the ecological validity of SRC performed in an applied environment has been tested, the acute effects of both techniques in dynamometry‐ (CRdyna and SRCdyna) and field‐based (CRfield and SRCfield) environments were compared with the hamstring muscle group. Methods Seventeen participants performed each of the four stretching conditions on separate days in a randomized order. Before and after the stretches, knee extension ROM and passive knee flexor moment were recorded on an isokinetic dynamometer. Results Significant (P < .01) increases in knee extension ROM (4.6‐5.2°) and elastic potential energy storage (12.0%‐23.6%) and decreases in the slope of the passive moment‐angle relation (8.9%‐12.2%) occurred in all conditions. Significant increases in peak passive joint moment were observed after field‐ (14.3%‐14.8%) but not dynamometry‐based (4.6%‐6.6%) stretches. No difference (P > .05) in any measure was found between conditions. Conclusions These data confirm the acute efficacy of the SRC technique in the hamstring muscle group and demonstrate its ecological validity in an applied environment in healthy participants. As the field‐based SRC technique was performed without partner assistance, when compared with classical PNF it represents an equally effective and practical stretching paradigm to support athletic and clinical exercise prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Kay
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Joshua Dixon
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Liam D Bligh
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Kumagai H, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Hirata K, Kikuchi N, Kamiya N, Hoshikawa S, Zempo H, Naito H, Miyamoto N, Fuku N. ESR1 rs2234693 Polymorphism Is Associated with Muscle Injury and Muscle Stiffness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:19-26. [PMID: 30113520 PMCID: PMC6310456 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Purpose Muscle injury is the most common sports injury. Muscle stiffness, a risk factor for muscle injury, is lower in females than in males, implying that sex-related genetic polymorphisms influence muscle injury associated with muscle stiffness. The present study aimed to clarify the associations between two genetic polymorphisms (rs2234693 and rs9340799) in the estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) and muscle injury or muscle stiffness. Methods In study 1, a questionnaire was used to assess the muscle injury history of 1311 Japanese top-level athletes. In study 2, stiffness of the hamstring muscles was assessed using ultrasound shear wave elastography in 261 physically active young adults. In both studies, rs2234693 C/T and rs9340799 G/A polymorphisms in the ESR1 were analyzed using the TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. Results In study 1, genotype frequencies for ESR1 rs2234693 C/T were significantly different between the injured and noninjured groups in a C-allele dominant (CC + CT vs TT: odds ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.91) and additive (CC vs CT vs TT: odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.91) model in all athletes. In study 2, hamstring muscle stiffness was lower in subjects with the CC + CT genotype than in those with the TT genotype; a significant linear trend (CC < CT < TT) was found (r = 0.135, P = 0.029). In contrast, no associations were observed between ESR1 rs9340799 G/A and muscle injury or stiffness. Conclusions Our results suggest that the ESR1 rs2234693 C allele, in contrast to the T allele, provides protection against muscle injury by lowering muscle stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kumagai
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, JAPAN.,Research Fellow of Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, JAPAN.,Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima, JAPAN
| | - Kosuke Hirata
- Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima, JAPAN
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Department of Training Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies, Tenri University, Nara, JAPAN
| | - Seigo Hoshikawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, JAPAN.,Edogawa University, Chiba, JAPAN
| | - Hirofumi Zempo
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Seiei College, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, JAPAN
| | - Naokazu Miyamoto
- Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima, JAPAN
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, JAPAN
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Kellis E. Intra- and Inter-Muscular Variations in Hamstring Architecture and Mechanics and Their Implications for Injury: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2019; 48:2271-2283. [PMID: 30117053 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the architecture, anatomy, and biomechanics of the hamstrings may assist in explaining the mechanisms that affect and improve their function. The aim of this review is to specifically examine intra- and inter-muscular variations in architecture and mechanical properties of the hamstrings. Of the hamstrings, the long head of the biceps femoris shows the shortest and more pennated fibers. The semimembranosus has a similar muscle architecture with a long head of the biceps femoris but it has a different proximal attachment as well as a different moment arm compared with the long head of the biceps femoris. For the same joint motion, the semitendinosus displays less relative strain than the other hamstrings probably owing to a greater length, longer fascicles and, possibly, a longer tendon. Intra-muscular variations in architecture are documented but their implications are currently unclear. Proximally, the long head of the biceps femoris has shorter and more pennated fibers coupled with a narrower aponeurosis than distally, while the semitendinosus is the only muscle that entails a tendinous inscription. In conclusion, some of the identified intra- and inter-muscular variations in architecture may help explain why some muscles sustain injuries more than others. In the same line, exercises designed for the hamstrings may not provide the same stimulus for all components of this muscle group. Future research could examine whether intervention strategies that target specific muscles or specific areas of the hamstrings may offer additional benefits for injury prevention or rehabilitation of their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Kellis
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, 62110, Greece.
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39
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Miyamoto N, Hirata K. Muscle elasticity under active conditions in humans: A methodological comparison. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naokazu Miyamoto
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science Juntendo University Chiba Japan
| | - Kosuke Hirata
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science Shibaura Institute of Technology Saitama Japan
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40
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Liu J, Qian Z, Wang K, Wu J, Jabran A, Ren L, Ren L. Non-invasive Quantitative Assessment of Muscle Force Based on Ultrasonic Shear Wave Elastography. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:440-451. [PMID: 30396600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using shear wave elastography (SWE) to indirectly measure passive muscle force and to examine the effects of muscle mass and scan angle. We measured the Young's moduli of 24 specimens from six muscles of four swine at different passive muscle loads under different scan angles (0°, 30°, 60° and 90°) using SWE. Highly linear relationships between Young's modulus E and passive muscle force F were found for all 24 muscle specimens at 0o scan angle with coefficients of determination R2 ranging from 0.984 to 0.999. The results indicate that the muscle mass has no significant effect on the muscle E-F relationship, whereas E-F linearity decreases disproportionately with increased scan angle. These findings suggest that SWE, when carefully applied, can provide a highly reliable tool to measure muscle Young's modulus, and could be used to assess the muscle force quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kunyang Wang
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jianan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ali Jabran
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China; School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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41
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Hamstring stiffness pattern during contraction in healthy individuals: analysis by ultrasound-based shear wave elastography. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:2403-2415. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Yin L, Lu R, Cao W, Zhang L, Li W, Sun H, Guo R. Three-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography of Skeletal Muscle: Preliminary Study. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2018; 37:2053-2062. [PMID: 29399850 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Two-dimensional (2D) shear wave elastography (SWE) can measure the elasticity of skeletal muscle, tendons, and ligaments. Three-dimensional (3D) SWE has been used to detect breast cancer but has not been applied to the musculoskeletal system. This study aimed to investigate whether 3D SWE could be used in skeletal muscles in vivo. METHODS The study enrolled 20 healthy volunteers at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from August to October 2016. Two-dimensional and 3D SWE scans were used to measure the Young modulus of the flexor carpi radialis in the relaxed state. Longitudinal and transverse scanning was performed. Data were analyzed by a 1-way analysis of variance/least significant difference post hoc test, a paired t test, and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS The participants included 10 male and 10 female volunteers with a mean age ± SD of 25 ± 5 years. The Young modulus did not differ between 3D and 2D SWE for the sagittal plane (longitudinal scanning, 34.9 ± 5.7 versus 32.7 ± 5.2 kPa; P = .096) or transverse plane (transverse scanning, 9.1 ± 2.1 versus 9.2 ± 1.6 kPa; P = .877). The Young modulus did not differ between sagittal, transverse, and coronal planes for 3D SWE longitudinal scanning (34.9 ± 5.7, 34.3 ± 5.8, and 34.8 ± 5.9 kPa, respectively; P = .936) or 3D SWE transverse scanning (9.1 ± 2.0, 9.1 ± 2.1, and 8.8 ± 2.1 kPa; P = .838). However, the Young modulus for each individual plane (sagittal, transverse, or coronal) differed significantly between longitudinal and transverse scanning (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Both 2D SWE and 3D SWE are suitable techniques for clinical use, depending on the examiner's experience/preference. However, 3D SWE provides a multiplanar/multislice view that better illustrates the spatial characteristics of muscle tissue. Three-dimensional SWE may be a new method for fully visualizing the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruigang Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Cao
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijun Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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43
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Lucha-López MO, Tricás-Moreno JM, Gaspar-Calvo E, Lucha-López AC, Vidal-Peracho C, Hidalgo-García C, Caudevilla-Polo S, Fanlo-Mazas P. Relationship between knee alignment in asymptomatic subjects and flexibility of the main muscles that are functionally related to the knee. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:3065-3077. [PMID: 29936873 PMCID: PMC6134663 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518771825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the relationship between static frontal knee alignment in asymptomatic subjects and flexibility of the main muscles functionally related to the knee. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 33 healthy adults (19-31 years). The frontal knee angle (valgus/varus angle) was measured by photogrammetry and it was measured in the lateral side. Therefore, high values were assigned for genu varum and low values for genu valgum. Iliopsoas, gluteus maximus and medius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, vastus of the quadriceps, and gastrocnemius muscles were stretched. Muscles were classified as normal, reflex hypomobile, or structural hypomobile. Results Women had significantly greater valgus than did men (right angle, women: 174.41°/men: 177.41°; left angle, women: 174.20°/men: 178.70°). The right frontal plane knee angle was higher in women with structural hypomobile vastus. The left frontal plane knee angle was higher in women with structural hypomobile iliopsoas. No relationships were found in men. Conclusions A tighter vastus of the quadriceps and tighter iliopsoas are related to greater genu varum in adult women. Stretching the vastus of the quadriceps and iliopsoas when there is a tendency for excess varus in the knee, to prevent overuse injury or early osteoarthritis, might be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Orosia Lucha-López
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy Research Unit, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Miguel Tricás-Moreno
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy Research Unit, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Gaspar-Calvo
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy Research Unit, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Carmen Lucha-López
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy Research Unit, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Concepción Vidal-Peracho
- 2 Specialty Medical Center Grande Covián, SALUD, Avda. Alcalde Caballero Zaragoza, Spain.,3 Physiotherapy Research Unit, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - César Hidalgo-García
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy Research Unit, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santos Caudevilla-Polo
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy Research Unit, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Fanlo-Mazas
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy Research Unit, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza, Spain
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44
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Miyamoto N, Hirata K, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Yasuda O, Kanehisa H. Associations of passive muscle stiffness, muscle stretch tolerance, and muscle slack angle with range of motion: individual and sex differences. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8274. [PMID: 29844513 PMCID: PMC5974414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint range of motion (ROM) is an important parameter for athletic performance and muscular injury risk. Nonetheless, a complete description of muscular factors influencing ROM among individuals and between men and women is lacking. We examined whether passive muscle stiffness (evaluated by angle-specific muscle shear modulus), tolerance to muscle stretch (evaluated by muscle shear modulus at end-ROM), and muscle slack angle of the triceps surae are associated with the individual variability and sex difference in dorsiflexion ROM, using ultrasound shear wave elastography. For men, ROM was negatively correlated to passive muscle stiffness of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius in a tensioned state and positively to tolerance to muscle stretch in the medial gastrocnemius. For women, ROM was only positively correlated to tolerance to muscle stretch in all muscles but not correlated to passive muscle stiffness. Muscle slack angle was not correlated to ROM in men and women. Significant sex differences were observed only for dorsiflexion ROM and passive muscle stiffness in a tensioned state. These findings suggest that muscular factors associated with ROM are different between men and women. Furthermore, the sex difference in dorsiflexion ROM might be attributed partly to that in passive muscle stiffness of plantar flexors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naokazu Miyamoto
- Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Hirata
- Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
- Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Osamu Yasuda
- Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
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45
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Creze M, Nordez A, Soubeyrand M, Rocher L, Maître X, Bellin MF. Shear wave sonoelastography of skeletal muscle: basic principles, biomechanical concepts, clinical applications, and future perspectives. Skeletal Radiol 2018; 47:457-471. [PMID: 29224123 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-017-2843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and therapeutic response evaluation of muscular diseases. However, one important limitation is its incapacity to assess the in vivo biomechanical properties of the muscles. The emerging shear wave sonoelastography technique offers a quantifiable spatial representation of the viscoelastic characteristics of skeletal muscle. Elastography is a non-invasive tool used to analyze the physiologic and biomechanical properties of muscles in healthy and pathologic conditions. However, radiologists need to familiarize themselves with the muscular biomechanical concepts and technical challenges of shear wave elastography. This review introduces the basic principles of muscle shear wave elastography, analyzes the factors that can influence measurements and provides an overview of its potential clinical applications in the field of muscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Creze
- Radiology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France. .,Laboratory Complexité, Innovations, Activités Motrices et Sportives, CIAMS (EA4532), University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France. .,Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités, IR4M, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France. .,Service de Radiologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
| | - Antoine Nordez
- Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Marc Soubeyrand
- Orthopedic Department, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Laurence Rocher
- Radiology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.,Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités, IR4M, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Xavier Maître
- Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités, IR4M, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marie-France Bellin
- Radiology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.,Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités, IR4M, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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Miyamoto N, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Hirata K, Kimura N, Fuku N. Association analysis of theACTN3R577X polymorphism with passive muscle stiffness and muscle strain injury. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:1209-1214. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Miyamoto
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya; Kanoya Japan
| | | | - K. Hirata
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya; Kanoya Japan
| | - N. Kimura
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya; Kanoya Japan
| | - N. Fuku
- Juntendo University; Chiba Japan
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Acute effect of static stretching on passive stiffness of the human gastrocnemius fascicle measured by ultrasound shear wave elastography. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:493-499. [PMID: 28161870 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Passive muscle stiffness and muscle architecture at a given joint angle, as well as slack angle of the muscle have been shown to change after an acute bout of stretching. However, it remains unclear whether passive muscle stiffness at a given fascicle length is reduced after stretching. We aimed to elucidate the acute effect of static stretching on the passive fascicle stiffness using ultrasound shear wave elastography. METHODS Shear modulus, fascicle length, and slack angle of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) as well as passive plantar flexion torque during passive dorsiflexion were measured before and after a 5-min static stretching in 14 healthy males. RESULTS After stretching, passive torques were significantly reduced at >50% of range of motion (ROM). Shear modulus at a given fascicle length was significantly reduced at >80% of the change in fascicle length during passive dorsiflexion. Slack angle of MG was observed at the middle part of ROM and significantly shifted toward more dorsiflexed position after stretching. CONCLUSION The present study showed the significant effectiveness of static stretching on the passive fascicle stiffness. Furthermore, the present results suggest that both the shift in slack angle and the reduction in passive fascicle stiffness contribute to produce the change in passive torque-joint angle relationship during passive dorsiflexion. Notably, the contribution of the reduced passive fascicle stiffness to the decrease in passive torque is substantial over the latter part of ROM.
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Hirata K, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Kimura N, Miyamoto N. No association between passive material property and cross-sectional area in human hamstring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.7.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ichihashi N, Umegaki H, Ikezoe T, Nakamura M, Nishishita S, Fujita K, Umehara J, Nakao S, Ibuki S. The effects of a 4-week static stretching programme on the individual muscles comprising the hamstrings. J Sports Sci 2016; 34:2155-2159. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1172725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Muscle-specific acute changes in passive stiffness of human triceps surae after stretching. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:911-8. [PMID: 26945574 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It remains unclear whether the acute effect of stretching on passive muscle stiffness differs among the synergists. We examined the muscle stiffness responses of the medial (MG) and lateral gastrocnemii (LG), and soleus (Sol) during passive dorsiflexion before and after a static stretching by using ultrasound shear wave elastography. METHODS Before and after a 5-min static stretching by passive dorsiflexion, shear modulus of the triceps surae and the Achilles tendon (AT) during passive dorsiflexion in the knee extended position were measured in 12 healthy subjects. RESULTS Before the static stretching, shear modulus was the greatest in MG and smallest in Sol. The stretching induced significant reductions in shear modulus of MG, but not in shear modulus of LG and Sol. The slack angle was observed at more plantar flexed position in the following order: AT, MG, LG, and Sol. After the stretching, the slack angles of each muscle and AT were significantly shifted to more dorsiflexed positions with a similar extent. When considering the shift in slack angle, the change in MG shear modulus became smaller. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that passive muscle stiffness differs among the triceps surae, and that the acute effect of a static stretching is observed only in the stiff muscle. However, a large part of the reduction of passive muscle stiffness at a given joint angle could be due to an increase in the slack length.
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