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Dimakos J, Gauthier-Gagné G, Lin L, Scholes S, Gruber R. The Associations Between Sleep and Externalizing and Internalizing Problems in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Empirical Findings, Clinical Implications, and Future Research Directions. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2024; 47:179-197. [PMID: 38302206 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Sleep problems are common in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Externalizing and internalizing problems contribute to dysfunction in youth with ADHD and are amplified by disrupted sleep. This objective of this article is to synthesize empirical studies that examined the associations between sleep and internalizing or externalizing problems in individuals with ADHD. The main findings are that sleep problems precede, predict, and significantly contribute to the manifestation of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among children and adolescents with ADHD. Clinicians should assess sleep and integrate sleep interventions into the management of youth with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Dimakos
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Gauthier-Gagné
- Attention Behavior and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Lanyi Lin
- Attention Behavior and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Samantha Scholes
- Attention Behavior and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reut Gruber
- Attention Behavior and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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Zhang Q, Wang X, Miao L, He L, Wang H. The Effect of Chronotype on Risk-Taking Behavior: The Chain Mediation Role of Self-Control and Emotional Stability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16068. [PMID: 36498142 PMCID: PMC9737074 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies indicate that chronotype might be associated with risk-taking behavior, the specific mechanism has not been thoroughly discussed. This study aimed to fill this gap by exploring the mediating role of self-control and the chain mediating role of self-control and emotional stability between chronotype and risk-taking behavior. METHODS A total of 547 Chinese college students between 18 and 24 years old were selected to complete the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Self-Control Scale (SCS), Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire-neuroticism (EPQ-N), and Adolescent Risk-Taking Questionnaire: Risk Behavior Scale (ARQ-RB) to assess chronotype, risk-taking behavior, self-control, and emotional stability, respectively. Hayes' PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to test the relationships among these variables. RESULTS Our result showed significant positive correlations among chronotype, self-control, emotional stability, and significant negative correlations between self-control, emotional stability, and risk-taking behavior. We also found that chronotype had a significant predictive effect on risk-taking behavior in the chain mediation model. Specifically, chronotype affected risk-taking behavior through two pathways: the separate mediating role of self-control and the serial mediation pathway of self-control → emotional stability. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides direct evidence that chronotype is associated with risk-taking behavior. The results showed that the predictive function of chronotype was mediated by self-control and emotional stability. This study provides a new perspective on preventing and reducing risk-taking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfei Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Health Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xu’an Wang
- Xinglin College, Nantong University, Nantong 226014, China
| | - Lvqing Miao
- Department of Environmental and Health Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Lichun He
- Department of Environmental and Health Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Laboratory Animal Center of Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Huarong Wang
- Department of Environmental and Health Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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Carciofo R. A time to wander: exploring associations between components of circadian functioning, mind wandering typology, and time-of-day. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1972522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Carciofo
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou, Suzhou, China
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Dimakos J, Gauthier-Gagné G, Lin L, Scholes S, Gruber R. The Associations Between Sleep and Externalizing and Internalizing Problems in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Empirical Findings, Clinical Implications, and Future Research Directions. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2021; 30:175-193. [PMID: 33223061 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sleep problems are common in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Externalizing and internalizing problems contribute to dysfunction in youth with ADHD and are amplified by disrupted sleep. This objective of this article is to synthesize empirical studies that examined the associations between sleep and internalizing or externalizing problems in individuals with ADHD. The main findings are that sleep problems precede, predict, and significantly contribute to the manifestation of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among children and adolescents with ADHD. Clinicians should assess sleep and integrate sleep interventions into the management of youth with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Dimakos
- Attention, Behaviour and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Gauthier-Gagné
- Attention, Behaviour and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Lanyi Lin
- Attention, Behaviour and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Samantha Scholes
- Attention, Behaviour and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reut Gruber
- Attention, Behaviour and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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Francis Z, Mata J, Flückiger L, Job V. Morning resolutions, evening disillusions: Theories of willpower affect how health behaviours change across the day. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0890207020962304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
People may be more or less vulnerable to changes in self-control across the day, depending on whether they believe willpower is more or less limited. Limited willpower beliefs might be associated with steeper decreases in self-control across the day, which may result in less goal-consistent behaviour by the evening. Community members with health goals (Sample 1; N = 160; 1814 observations) and students (Sample 2; N = 162; 10,581 observations) completed five surveys per day for one to three weeks, reporting on their recent physical activity, snacking, subjective state, and health intentions. In both samples, more limited willpower beliefs were associated with less low- and moderate-intensity physical activity, particularly later in the day. Limited willpower beliefs were also associated with more snacking in the evenings (Sample 1) or overall (Sample 2). These behavioural patterns were mediated by differential changes in self-efficacy and intentions across the course of the day (in Sample 1), and the above patterns of low- and moderate-physical intensity held after controlling for related individual differences, including trait self-control and chronotype (in Sample 2). Overall, more limited willpower theories were associated with decreasing goal-consistent behaviour as the day progressed, alongside decreasing self-efficacy and weakening health-goal intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Francis
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jutta Mata
- Division of Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lavinia Flückiger
- Division of Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Veronika Job
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Sleep duration and timing in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): evidence for circadian phase delay. Sleep Med 2020; 72:111-117. [PMID: 32575000 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate potential delays in endogenous melatonin in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS First, data are presented for 15 individuals with OCD and matched healthy controls. Next, nine additional participants with OCD who did not have matched controls were added, resulting in a sample of 24 individuals with OCD. All participants were assessed for sleep and circadian rhythm disturbance. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was derived from salivary melatonin and was used in conjunction with sleep diaries, interview measures, and questionnaires. A subset of the OCD group (n = 16) also used actigraphy. RESULTS In sum, 42% percent (10/24) of the patients with OCD met the criteria for delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) in comparison to 0% in the control sample. DLMO was significantly later in individuals with OCD compared to controls. DLMO and bedtime were not significantly associated with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms or negative affect. CONCLUSIONS Replication of the findings presented herein, particularly the DLMO results, is warranted. Further, there are now three studies showing that nearly ½ of individuals with OCD meet criteria for a DSWPD. Future studies can explore the mechanisms underlying these connections and the implications of this comorbidity. These findings may increase our understanding of OCD and inform future interventions.
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Millar BM, Starks TJ, Rendina HJ, Parsons JT. Three Reasons to Consider the Role of Tiredness in Sexual Risk-Taking Among Gay and Bisexual Men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:383-395. [PMID: 30128984 PMCID: PMC6349479 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous factors have been shown to increase sexual risk-taking-especially among gay and bisexual men (GBM), who remain disproportionately affected by HIV and STIs. We present three lines of evidence that highlight the need to consider a previously under-explored situational factor in sexual risk-taking: tiredness. While tiredness has been shown, in sleep science literature, to impair cognition, emotional functioning, and decision-making in a wide range of behaviors, it has yet to be considered in-depth as a risk factor in sexual behavior. Counter to the common-sense assumption that being tired should impede the performance of active, effortful behaviors such as sex, we propose that tiredness may actually increase sexual risk-taking. Analyzing data from an online survey of 1113 HIV-negative GBM, we found that sex with casual partners most commonly occurred at night, especially among younger GBM and those with an evening chronotype, and that sex without condoms more often occurred at or later than one's usual time of feeling tired (as was reported by 44.2% of men) than did sex with condoms (reported by 36.6%). We also found that tiredness can increase sexual desire in many GBM (endorsed by 29.9%), and increases the likelihood of engaging in receptive positioning in anal sex (endorsed by almost 40% of men with a versatile sexual positioning identity). These findings highlight the importance of considering tiredness as a situational risk factor in sexual health-especially among younger GBM-and of counting sex among the behaviors that can be adversely impacted by poor or overdue sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Millar
- Health Psychology and Clinical Science Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tyrel J Starks
- Health Psychology and Clinical Science Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - H Jonathon Rendina
- Health Psychology and Clinical Science Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Parsons
- Health Psychology and Clinical Science Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Kühnel J, Sonnentag S, Bledow R, Melchers KG. The relevance of sleep and circadian misalignment for procrastination among shift workers. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kühnel
- Work and Organizational Psychology; Ulm University; Germany
- Department of Psychology; University of Mannheim; Germany
| | | | - Ronald Bledow
- Lee Kong Chian School of Business; Singapore Management University; Singapore
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Millar
- Health Psychology & Clinical Science Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies & Training (CHEST), Hunter College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
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Nota JA, Schubert JR, Coles ME. Sleep disruption is related to poor response inhibition in individuals with obsessive-compulsive and repetitive negative thought symptoms. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2016; 50:23-32. [PMID: 25989071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms and repetitive negative thinking (RNT) are associated with poor inhibitory control. Sleep disruptions may partially mediate these relations and/or act as a "second hit" to individuals with OC symptoms and RNT. Models including habitual (past month) hours slept and bedtimes were tested. METHODS We employed a go/no-go task that allowed us to examine the relation between sleep and inhibition with various task contingencies. Sixty-seven unselected individuals were recruited from the participant pool at a public university. RESULTS Bias-corrected bootstrap estimates did not show that sleep disruption mediated the relation between OC symptoms and response inhibition nor the relation between RNT and response inhibition. Multiple linear regression analyses found significant interactions between hours slept and OC symptom severity and between RNT and hours slept to predict poor response inhibition. Hours slept significantly negatively predicted commission errors when OC symptoms and RNT levels were relatively heightened but not when OC symptoms and RNT levels were relatively low. These effects were present in blocks where task contingencies were designed to shape a no-go bias. No significant relations were found with habitual bedtimes. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional study design precludes testing the temporal precedence of symptoms in the "second hit" model. The unselected sample also limits generalization to clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a "second hit" model of interaction between sleep disruption and perseverative thoughts and behaviors. Further research on the mechanisms of the relation between sleep disruption and perseverative thought symptoms (OC and RNT) is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Nota
- Binghamton University, Department of Psychology, USA.
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