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Konya I, Yoshida M, Watanabe C, Morita A, Yano R. Effects of consecutive bed bathing with weak versus ordinary pressure on skin barrier recovery of hospitalised older adults: A within-person randomised controlled trial. J Tissue Viability 2024; 33:504-510. [PMID: 38816337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM Wiping pressure (WP [mmHg]) during bed baths is essential to maintain skin integrity and care quality for older adults. However, effects of different wiping pressures on skin barrier recovery over multiple days remain unclear. This study evaluated and compared the effects of consecutive bed bathing with weak pressure and that with ordinary pressure on skin barrier recovery of hospitalised older adults. METHODS This within-person, randomised, controlled trial involved 254 forearms (127 patients) and was conducted at a general hospital. Forearms were blinded and randomly assigned a site and sequence of two bed bathing sessions: wiping three times with weak (10≤WP<20) and ordinary pressure (20≤WP<30) once per day for 2 consecutive days. The skin barrier was assessed daily based on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) before and 15 min after the interventions. Dry skin was assessed using the overall dry skin score. RESULTS A linear mixed model showed that the time courses of TEWL and SCH differed significantly between groups. Impaired skin barrier function caused by ordinary pressure on the first day did not recover to baseline values the next day, whereas weak pressure did not cause significant changes. During subgroup analyses, TEWL of patients with dry skin was more likely to increase with ordinary pressure. CONCLUSIONS Despite decreased skin barrier recovery experienced by older adults, our findings suggest the safety of weak pressure and highlight the importance of WP during bed baths. Weak pressure is particularly desirable for patients with dry skin. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN000048838.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issei Konya
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Yoshida
- Nursing Department, Yoichi Kyokai Hospital, Yoichi, Japan
| | | | - Akemi Morita
- Nursing Department, Yoichi Kyokai Hospital, Yoichi, Japan
| | - Rika Yano
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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2
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Leskur D, Bročić I, Mićanović M, Lozić M, Rušić D, Perišin AŠ, Maleš I, Modun D, Bukić J. Introducing the model of repeated exposure of skin to antiseptics: Randomised pilot trial. Contact Dermatitis 2024; 90:585-593. [PMID: 38417425 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intensified hand hygiene measures were recommended for preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, these measures can lead to skin damage and the development of hand eczema, particularly among health professionals. OBJECTIVES This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated antiseptic use on healthy skin under controlled conditions and to assess the emollient use. METHODS Twelve healthy volunteers (nine females, age = 22.3 ± 2.8 years (mean ± SD), Fitzpatrick phototypes II and III) with no skin diseases were recruited. Antiseptic was applied daily for 3 weeks on the volar sides of forearms. Emollient cream was also applied daily. Skin assessments were performed using non-invasive methods (transepidermal water loss-TEWL, skin hydration, erythema and melanin content). RESULTS Prolonged antiseptic use increased TEWL, decreased hydration and elevated erythema and melanin levels. Emollient cream significantly reduced TEWL and improved hydration on antiseptic-treated sites, and also enhanced hydration on intact skin. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged use of antiseptics can have adverse effects on the skin, including barrier disruption and inflammation. Emollient showed promise in improving skin hydration and reducing the damage caused by antiseptics. Further research with a larger sample is needed to confirm these findings and assess emollient efficacy during frequent antiseptic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Leskur
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Bročić
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Mislav Mićanović
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Mirela Lozić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Doris Rušić
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Šešelja Perišin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivanka Maleš
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Darko Modun
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Josipa Bukić
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Wu Y, Ran J, Tanaka T, Liu Q. Quantitative skin surface hydration measurement by visible optical image processing: A pilot study. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13773. [PMID: 38863083 PMCID: PMC11166555 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin barrier function is significantly impacted by skin moisture. Most non-invasive evaluation techniques to measure skin surface hydration relying on its electrical properties, which are limited in scope and have unstable operations. Applying image processing for skin hydration assessment is uncommon, with an emphasis on skin-capacitive pictures and near-infrared images in general, which demand a certain spectrum. As a result, there is an increasing need for wide-area skin hydration evaluation and mapping. OBJECTIVE The study aims to propose a quantitative evaluation algorithm for skin surface hydration from visible-light images. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three devices were applied to measure skin hydration: skin image capture device and two recognized commercial skin devices. A digital image processing system creates a new index, called GVR, to symbolize skin surface moisture. The CLAHE algorithm was applied to enhance the contrast of skin image, and after calculating it with the monochrome image, the skin reflectance image was segmented. The GVR was estimated using the values of the individual sites and the entire skin. The correlation coefficient between the three methods was examined using statistical analysis to assess the performance of GVR. RESULTS Skin hydration estimated from visible-light images is influenced by the entire facial structure in addition to specific areas. The electrical and visible image evaluations showed a strong association with a significant difference. CONCLUSION It was discovered that reflecting measures from visible images provide a quick and efficient way to quantify the moisture of the skin's surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and DevelopmentBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light IndustryBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory ScienceBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jianghong Ran
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and DevelopmentBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light IndustryBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory ScienceBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science and TechnologyKeio UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - Qi Liu
- Beijing EWISH Testing Technology, Co., Ltd
- China National Light IndustryCouncil Cosmetic Efficacy Evaluation Testing CenterBeijingChina
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Pazdrowski J, Polańska A, Kaźmierska J, Kowalczyk MJ, Szewczyk M, Niewinski P, Golusiński W, Dańczak-Pazdrowska A. The Assessment of the Long-Term Impact of Radiotherapy on Biophysical Skin Properties in Patients after Head and Neck Cancer. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:739. [PMID: 38792923 PMCID: PMC11122895 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Chronic radiotherapy-induced skin injury (cRISI) is an irreversible and progressive condition that can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. Despite the limited literature available on the assessment of the epidermal barrier in cRISI, there is a consensus that appropriate skincare, including the use of emollients, is the primary therapeutic approach for this group of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biophysical properties of the skin during the late period (at least 90 days) following radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center prospective non-randomized study. It involved the analysis of 16 adult patients with head and neck cancer who underwent RT at the Greater Poland Cancer Center, along with 15 healthy volunteers. The study and control groups were matched for gender and age (p = 0.51). Clinical assessment, based on the LENT-SOMA scale, was conducted for all patients. Evaluation of the skin's biophysical properties included: an analysis of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH), and skin visualization using high-frequency ultrasonography (HF-USG). Results: A significantly higher TEWL was observed in the irradiated area compared to the control area in the study group (p = 0.004). However, there was no statistically significant difference in SCH (p = 0.073). Additionally, no significant difference was observed in the values of TEWL and SCH in the irradiated area between the group of patients with and without clinically obvious RISI (p = 0.192 and p = 0.415, respectively). The skin thickness of the irradiated area, assessed by HF-USG, did not differ significantly from the skin thickness of the control area (p = 0.638). Furthermore, no difference in skin thickness was observed in patients with clinical features of cRISI in the irradiated and control areas (p = 0.345). The mean time after RT was 6.1 years. Conclusions: This study marks the first demonstration of epidermal barrier damage in patients in the long term following RT for head and neck cancer. The impairment of the epidermal barrier was observed independently of evident cRISI features. This observation underscores the necessity to recommend appropriate skin care, including the use of emollients, for all patients following RT. We also suggest that HF-USG examination is generally inconclusive in determining the degree of skin damage in the late period after RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Pazdrowski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (P.N.); (W.G.)
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adriana Polańska
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (A.P.)
| | - Joanna Kaźmierska
- Radiotherapy Department II, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał J. Kowalczyk
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (A.P.)
| | - Mateusz Szewczyk
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (P.N.); (W.G.)
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Patryk Niewinski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (P.N.); (W.G.)
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Golusiński
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (P.N.); (W.G.)
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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Huygen L, Thys PM, Wollenberg A, Gutermuth J, Krohn IK. Skin Barrier Function Assessment: Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Is Less Influenced by Daily Routine Activities Than Transepidermal Water Loss. Ann Dermatol 2024; 36:99-111. [PMID: 38576248 PMCID: PMC10995614 DOI: 10.5021/ad.23.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin barrier function assessment is commonly done by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL). An important limitation of this method is the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a lesser-established method for skin barrier function assessment. Some influential factors have been described, but no guidelines exist regarding the standardization of these measurements. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect size of daily routine activities on TEWL and EIS, as well as their correlation with age and anatomical differences. METHODS Healthy participants (n=31) were stratified into three age groups (18-29, 30-49, and ≥50 years). In a climate-controlled room, EIS and TEWL measurements were performed on the left and right volar forearm and abdomen. RESULTS Body cream application decreased TEWL and EIS values after 15 and 90 minutes. Skin washing decreased TEWL for 15 minutes and EIS values for at least 90 minutes. TEWL was increased 5 minutes after moderate to intense exercise. Coffee intake increased TEWL on the abdomen after 60 minutes. TEWL and EIS values did not correlate with participants' age and no anatomical differences were observed. No correlation was observed between TEWL and EIS. CONCLUSION Body cream application and skin washing should be avoided at least 90 minutes prior to measurements of TEWL and EIS. Exercise and coffee intake should also be avoided prior to TEWL measurements. EIS may be a promising tool for skin barrier function assessment as it is less affected by daily routine activities than TEWL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Huygen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pauline Marie Thys
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andreas Wollenberg
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jan Gutermuth
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inge Kortekaas Krohn
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium
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Oizumi R, Sugimoto Y, Aibara H. The Potential of Exercise on Lifestyle and Skin Function: Narrative Review. JMIR DERMATOLOGY 2024; 7:e51962. [PMID: 38483460 PMCID: PMC10979338 DOI: 10.2196/51962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin is an important organ of the human body and has moisturizing and barrier functions. Factors such as sunlight and lifestyle significantly affect these skin functions, with sunlight being extremely damaging. The effects of lifestyle habits such as smoking, diet, and sleep have been studied extensively. It has been found that smoking increases the risk of wrinkles, while excessive fat and sugar intake leads to skin aging. Lack of sleep and stress are also dangerous for the skin's barrier function. In recent years, the impact of exercise habits on skin function has been a focus of study. Regular exercise is associated with increased blood flow to the skin, elevated skin temperature, and improved skin moisture. Furthermore, it has been shown to improve skin structure and rejuvenate its appearance, possibly through promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis and affecting hormone secretion. Further research is needed to understand the effects of different amounts and content of exercise on the skin. OBJECTIVE This study aims to briefly summarize the relationship between lifestyle and skin function and the mechanisms that have been elucidated so far and introduce the expected effects of exercise on skin function. METHODS We conducted a review of the literature using PubMed and Google Scholar repositories for relevant literature published between 2000 and 2022 with the following keywords: exercise, skin, and life habits. RESULTS Exercise augments the total spectrum power density of cutaneous blood perfusion by a factor of approximately 8, and vasodilation demonstrates an enhancement of approximately 1.5-fold. Regular exercise can also mitigate age-related skin changes by promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis. However, not all exercise impacts are positive; for instance, swimming in chlorinated pools may harm the skin barrier function. Hence, the exercise environment should be considered for its potential effects on the skin. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates that exercise can potentially enhance skin function retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Oizumi
- Faculty of Nursing, Shijonawate gakuen University, Daito-shi, Japan
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Oizumi R, Sugimoto Y, Aibara H. Effects of regular exercise on skin moisturizing function in adults. Dermatol Reports 2023; 15:9711. [PMID: 38196897 PMCID: PMC10774845 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2023.9711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Among lifestyle habits, the effect of exercise on skin moisturizing function has not been studied. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the effect of regular exercise on skin moisturizing function. The participants were 30-64 years old with no history of skin diseases and no exercise habits at the start of the study. The intervention group (n=9) continued to exercise at least 600 Mets/week for 8 weeks, while the control group (n=28) followed conventional lifestyle habits for 8 weeks. Questionnaires regarding lifestyle habits were administered at the beginning and after 8 weeks, and skin moisturizing function (stratum corneum hydration: SC hydration, Trans-Epidermal Water Loss: TEWL) was measured. Analysis of covariance was performed using sex, age, and measurements at the start of the study as covariates. Analysis of covariance showed that after 8 weeks of "moderate" or "higher" exercise, there was a trend toward higher SC hydration in the intervention group compared to that in the control group (p=0.083, η2=0.10). There was no difference in TEWL after 8 weeks (p=0.864, η2=0.00). These results suggest that regular exercise may help maintain and improve skin moisturizing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Oizumi
- Shijonawate Gakuen University Faculty of Nursing Gakuen-cyo, Daito-shi, Osaka
| | - Yoshie Sugimoto
- Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of nursing, Habikino, habikino-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Aibara
- Shijonawate Gakuen University Faculty of Nursing Gakuen-cyo, Daito-shi, Osaka
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Amin R, Völzer B, Genedy-Kalyoncu ME, Blume-Peytavi U, Kottner J. The prevalence and severity of dry skin and related skin care in older adult residents in institutional long-term care: A cross-sectional study. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 54:331-340. [PMID: 37950968 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify possible factors associated with different severities of xerosis cutis and to describe possible associations between (skin) care dependency and application of moisturizers. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using baseline data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Demographic and health characteristics, skin physiological measurements, functional abilities and application of moisturizers were compared between the participants with mild and severe dry skin. Frequency of moisturization were also compared based on the participants' skin care dependency. RESULTS The more distal the body area, the more severe xerosis were observed. There were no or minor differences between the groups, except for the stratum corneum hydration and skin surface pH. Participants with severe xerosis received moisturizers less often. Skin care dependent residents received moisturizers frequently. CONCLUSION There is under-application regarding xerosis cutis treatment in long-term care. Skin care provided by nurses, in adequate frequencies, might be helpful compared to skin care performed by the residents themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhul Amin
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bettina Völzer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monira El Genedy-Kalyoncu
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Kottner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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De Decker I, Klotz T, Vu P, Hoeksema H, De Mey K, Beeckman A, Vermeulen B, Speeckaert M, Blondeel P, Wagstaff M, Monstrey S, Claes KEY. Influence of Moisturizers on Skin Microcirculation: An Assessment Study Using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1507. [PMID: 37888118 PMCID: PMC10608544 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive scar management typically involves pressure therapy, hydration with silicones or moisturizers, and UV protection. Moisture loss from scars can lead to hypertrophic scar formation. Pressure therapy reduces blood flow, fibroblast activity, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) release. This study examined various moisturizers and liquid silicone gel's impact on microcirculation. 40 volunteers participated in a study where superficial abrasions were created to induce trans epidermal water loss (TEWL). Five moisturizers (TEDRA®, TEDRA® NT1, TEDRA® NT3, Alhydran®, Lipikar®) and BAP Scar Care® silicone gel were tested. TEWL, hydration, and blood flow were measured up to 4 h post-application. Results showed that silicone had the least impact on occlusion and hydration. Alhydran® reduced blood flow the most, while Lipikar® increased it the most. TEDRA® NT1 had reduced flow compared to TEDRA® and TEDRA® NT3. All TEDRA® products exhibited high hydration, and all but silicone showed good occlusion. Moisturizers influenced skin microcirculation, with some causing decrease, while others increased flow. However, the clinical impact on scarring remains unclear compared to the evident effects of hydration and occlusion. More research is necessary to study moisturizers alone and with pressure therapy on scars, along with potential adverse effects of increased microcirculation on scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignace De Decker
- Burn Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.H.); (K.D.M.); (P.B.); (S.M.); (K.E.Y.C.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tanja Klotz
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Rd., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Peter Vu
- SA Pharmacy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Henk Hoeksema
- Burn Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.H.); (K.D.M.); (P.B.); (S.M.); (K.E.Y.C.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kimberly De Mey
- Burn Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.H.); (K.D.M.); (P.B.); (S.M.); (K.E.Y.C.)
| | - Anse Beeckman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sint-Pietersnieuwsstraat 33, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Bob Vermeulen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Synaps Park 1, 3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Marijn Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Phillip Blondeel
- Burn Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.H.); (K.D.M.); (P.B.); (S.M.); (K.E.Y.C.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marcus Wagstaff
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.K.); (M.W.)
- Adult Burns Service and Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Rd., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Stan Monstrey
- Burn Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.H.); (K.D.M.); (P.B.); (S.M.); (K.E.Y.C.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel E. Y. Claes
- Burn Center, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.H.); (K.D.M.); (P.B.); (S.M.); (K.E.Y.C.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Fluhr JW, Wiora G, Nikolaeva DG, Miséry L, Darlenski R. In vivo transepidermal water loss: Validation of a new multi-sensor open chamber water evaporation system Tewameter TM Hex. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13307. [PMID: 37113085 PMCID: PMC10234168 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Instrumentation technology for transepidermal water loss measurements has not been substantially modified since its introduction by Nilsson in 1977. Recent progress in sensor development allowed a new sensor arrangement using a matrix of 30 sensors. Raw measurement values are processed with spatial statistical analysis. We aimed to compare the new, multi-sensor probe (Tewameter TM Hex) with the established Tewameter TM 300 probe and to gain reference data for the new parameters of transepidermal energy loss and water vapor concentration on skin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Baseline measurements and repeated measurements on the volar forearm and assessment on eight different anatomical locations were performed on 24 healthy volunteers (both gender) with the TM Hex and the TM 300. RESULTS A significant correlation (p < 0.001; R-coefficient = 0.9) between TM Hex and the TM 300 with a low coefficient of variance (CV) 11% for TM Hex and 19% for TM 300, could be assessed. The CV ranged between 7% (right inner upper arm) and 14% (palms). Average transepidermal heat loss ranged from 12 W/m2 on the lower leg to 38.8 W/m2 on the palm. CONCLUSION The correlation between TM Hex and TM 300 along with the robustness of the measurements with the TM Hex shows that the new probe for assessment of epidermal barrier function is comparable to the TM 300. In most conditions, TM Hex provides more accurate measurements than TM 300. New parameters open the field to studying skin's water and energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim W. Fluhr
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinInstitute of AllergologyBerlinGermany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPAllergology and ImmunologyGermany
| | - Georg Wiora
- Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbHCologneGermany
| | - Dessyslava G. Nikolaeva
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyAcibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital, SofiaBulgaria
- EuroDerma ClinicSofiaBulgaria
| | | | - Razvigor Darlenski
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyAcibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital, SofiaBulgaria
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyMedical FacultyTrakia University, Stara ZagoraBulgaria
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Fluhr JW, Stevanovic K, Joshi P, Bergmann KC, Herzog LS, Alwaheed Y, Al Sowaidi S, Zuberbier T. Skin Physiology, Mucosal Functions, and Symptoms Are Modulated by Grass Pollen and Ozone Double Exposure in Allergic Patients. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 36:195-204. [PMID: 36927995 DOI: 10.1159/000530115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Along with climate changes, we see an increase in allergic symptoms and the number of pollen-allergic patients in many countries. Increased allergic symptoms are associated with an elevated ozone exposure which may be linked by impaired epithelial barrier function. This study aimed to quantify the clinical effect of ozone and pollen double exposure (DE). We tested whether ozone impairs barrier-related skin physiology and mucosal functions under DE with pollen in grass pollen-allergic patients versus healthy controls. METHODS This case-control study included 8 grass pollen-allergic patients and 8 non-allergic healthy subjects exposed to grass pollen and ozone in the GA2LEN pollen chamber, comparing shorter and longer DE duration. Non-invasive skin physiological parameters were assessed, including stratum corneum hydration, skin redness, surface pH, and basal transepidermal water loss as a parameter for epidermal barrier function. The subjects' general well-being, bronchial, nasal, and ocular symptoms were documented. RESULTS Skin physiology tests revealed that DE in allergic patients deteriorates the epidermal barrier function and increases the surface pH and skin redness. DE significantly induced nasal secretion in pollen-allergic versus healthy subjects, which was more pronounced with longer DE. The general well-being was significantly impaired under DE versus pollen or ozone alone, with a negative influence of DE duration. No relevant bronchial symptoms were recorded. CONCLUSION Skin physiology and nasal mucosal symptoms are negatively affected by ozone and grass pollen DE in allergic patients. The negative effects showed, in some parameters, a dose (time)-response relationship. The pH can be regarded as a possible modulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim W Fluhr
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katarina Stevanovic
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Priyanka Joshi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl-Christian Bergmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie S Herzog
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yasmeen Alwaheed
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shirina Al Sowaidi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
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Gina M, Wichert K, Kutz G, Brüning T, Fartasch M. Applying skin protective cream and the wearing of gloves?-A randomized controlled experimental study. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 88:372-382. [PMID: 36727715 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glove occlusion might enhance skin sensitivity to a subsequent detergent challenge (occlusion effect). Thus, some skin protection creams (PC) claim to protect against this effect of occlusion, and are recommended to be used before wearing liquid-proof gloves. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of PC applied prior to glove occlusion on the 'occlusion effect'-refers to increased susceptibility of the skin to a model detergent. METHODS One hundred and eleven volunteers were enrolled in a single-blind, randomized study. Seven PCs were applied before glove occlusion over 7 days (D1-D7). After sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) challenge, we compared the irritation between the areas treated with PC and occlusion alone. Clinical scoring and bioengineering methods (capacitance, transepidermal water loss [TEWL], and colourimetry [erythema]) were used to quantify the irritant reactions. RESULTS After 1 week of occlusion and PC application, we did not observe significant changes in TEWL, nor in erythema, whereas skin hydration raised in three cream-treated areas. On day 10, after a challenge with SLS, some products significantly aggravated the skin irritation as compared to occlusion alone. CONCLUSIONS The 'occlusion effect'-shown as higher skin susceptibility to a model detergent-was not mitigated by PCs when applied prior to glove occlusion. On the contrary, some PCs might have negative effects on skin barrier function and augment such sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Gina
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katharina Wichert
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gerald Kutz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Detmold, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manigé Fartasch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Gina M, Wichert K, Pieper B, Behrens T, Brüning T, Fartasch M. Irritative potential of different washing procedures used for heavy-duty soiling: Short and intense or longer and mild? Contact Dermatitis 2023; 88:363-371. [PMID: 36727255 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To prevent irritant contact eczema even in occupational fields with heavy-duty soiling, it is generally recommended to use 'mild' hand cleansers (mild detergent without grits, MC). On the other hand, since grit-containing cleansers (GC) show a higher washing power that minimizes washing time, their usage is generally preferred in specific occupational fields. OBJECTIVES To compare whether a shorter, intense washing period might cause less skin damage than a longer washing period with an MC. METHODS Differences in cleaning time were first verified in a pilot study using standardized model dirt. In the main study, the forearms of 35 healthy volunteers were washed with three standardized procedures over a period of 3 days, either using 2 min of MC with/without hand brush or 1-min GC. Clinical scoring, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), corneometry, colourimetry and scaliness/roughness (Visioscan) were used to evaluate the epidermal barrier, topography and irritation. RESULTS The pre-study showed that washing time doubled when using MC vs. GC. Using GC resulted in stronger barrier disruption, even after a shorter washing period - median ΔT4-T1 TEWL 0.96 g/m2 /h vs. 4.91 g/m2 /h respectively, p < 0.0001. The most harmful procedure for the skin was the additional application of a hand brush (18.86 g/m2 /h). CONCLUSIONS Short-time washing with GC damages the skin barrier more significantly in comparison to a longer application of an MC. When washing with MC, the strongest irritant reaction occurred when accompanied with hand brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Gina
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katharina Wichert
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Birgit Pieper
- German Social Accident Insurance - Institution for the Woodworking and Metalworking Industries (BGHM), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Behrens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manigé Fartasch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Martins E, Reis RL, Silva TH. In Vivo Skin Hydrating Efficacy of Fish Collagen from Greenland Halibut as a High-Value Active Ingredient for Cosmetic Applications. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020057. [PMID: 36827098 PMCID: PMC9960085 DOI: 10.3390/md21020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The industrial processing of fish for food purposes also generates a considerable number of by-products such as viscera, bones, scales, and skin. From a value-added perspective, fish by-products can act also as raw materials, especially because of their collagen content (particularly in fish skin). Interestingly, the potential of marine collagen for cosmetic applications is enormous and, remarkably, the extraction of this protein from fish skins has been established for different species. Using this approach, we investigated the integration of marine collagen (COLRp_I) extracted from the skin of the Greenland halibut as an active ingredient in a cosmetic hydrogel formulation. In this study, extracts of marine collagen at concentrations up to 10 mg/mL showed a non-cytotoxic effect when cultured with fibroblast cells for 3 days. In addition, marine collagen extract, when incorporated into a cosmetic hydrogel formulation, met criterion A of ISO 11930:2019 regarding the efficacy of the preservative system (challenge test). In addition, the cosmetic formulations based on marine collagen at dosages of 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5% were tested in a clinical study on the skin of the forearms of 23 healthy volunteers, showing a sightly hydration effect, suggesting its potential for beauty applications. Moreover, this work illustrates that the circular economy concept applied to the fish processing industry can represent important benefits, at innovation, environmental and economic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martins
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (T.H.S.)
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago H. Silva
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (T.H.S.)
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15
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A Novel Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton Cell-Derived Phytocomplex Regulates Keratinocytes Inflammatory Cascade and Barrier Function and Preserves Vaginal Mucosal Integrity In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010240. [PMID: 36678869 PMCID: PMC9861994 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, the medicinal plant Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton has gained scientific interest because leaf extracts, due to the presence of rosmarinic acid and other polyphenols, have shown anti-allergic and skin protective potential in pre-clinical studies. Nevertheless, the lack of standardized extracts has limited clinical applications to date. In this work, for the first time, a standardized phytocomplex of P. frutescens, enriched in rosmarinic acid and total polyphenols, was produced through innovative in vitro cell culture biotechnology and tested. The activity of perilla was evaluated in an in vitro inflammatory model of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) by monitoring tight junctions, filaggrin, and loricrin protein levels, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and JNK MAPK signaling. In a practical health care application, the perilla biotechnological phytocomplex was tested in a multilayer model of vaginal mucosa, and then, in a preliminary clinical observation to explore its capacity to preserve vaginal mucosal integrity in women in peri-menopause. In keratinocytes cells, perilla phytocomplex demonstrated to exert a marked activity in epidermis barrier maintenance and anti-inflammatory effects, preserving tight junction expression and downregulating cytokines release through targeting JNK activation. Furthermore, perilla showed positive effects in retaining vaginal mucosal integrity in the reconstructed vaginal mucosa model and in vivo tests. Overall, our data suggest that the biotechnological P. frutescens phytocomplex could represent an innovative ingredient for dermatological applications.
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Matsumoto Y, Mochimaru N, Yasuda H, Pak K, Kobayashi T, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Ohya Y, Kiuchi M, Kurokawa M, Yoshida K. In vivo analysis of the stratum corneum of Japanese neonates and infants using confocal Raman spectroscopy: a pilot study. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13276. [PMID: 36704885 PMCID: PMC9838751 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological skin properties of neonates and infants change drastically after birth and are implicated in the onset of atopic dermatitis and other diseases. Studies have measured physiological skin properties in infants; however, how these properties change over time remains unclear. No reports have measured ceramide in the stratum corneum of infants using confocal Raman spectroscopy; hence, we used it to measure the physiological properties of the skin, including ceramide, in infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS The water content and other factors in the skin of infants aged 0, 1, and 6 months were measured. All measurements were performed five times indoors at 22 ± 2°C and 50% ± 10% relative humidity in the middle of the calf at 4-µm distances, and their mean was calculated. RESULTS The water content of the area between the skin surface and superficial layers was the lowest in newborns as compared with other ages, and the deeper the skin layer, the higher the water content. The stratum corneum, evaluated using confocal Raman spectroscopy, was the thickest in newborns and gradually thinned with age. Its water content was the lowest in newborns. The levels of natural moisturizing factor, ceramide, and cholesterol were higher in newborns and tended to decrease with age. CONCLUSION This report is the first to evaluate ceramide in the stratum corneum of infants using confocal Raman spectroscopy and could help in conducting subsequent longitudinal measurements of physiological skin properties in neonates and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Matsumoto
- Division of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Mochimaru
- Division of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hazuki Yasuda
- Division of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyongsun Pak
- Division of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Kobayashi
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Management, Center of Clinical Research and Development, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yukihiro Ohya
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Kiuchi
- Department of Corporate Communications, Pigeon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazue Yoshida
- Division of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Moy M, Diaz I, Lesniak E, Giancola G. Peptide-pro complex serum: Investigating effects on aged skin. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:267-274. [PMID: 35426243 PMCID: PMC10084013 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective anti-aging treatments are an unmet consumer need. AIM Ex vivoand clinical tests have evaluated the efficacy of a topical facial serum containing a proprietary blend of neuropeptides, proteins, amino acids, and marine extracts on aged skin. METHODS In the ex vivo study the facial serum was compared to a commercially marketed face serum and to an untreated control on skin explants using microrelief, smoothness, and epidermal thickness endpoints. The 12 weeks monadic clinical study was designed for the test product to be used on the whole face. Subjects functioned as their own control; evaluating change from baseline. Skin was evaluated clinically by a Dermatologist for tolerability and for efficacy. Also part of the product assessment was skin hydration measurements, imaging, and a subject questionnaire. RESULTS The facial serum improved skin condition by significant reductions in skin surface area occupied by microfolds and in skin roughness. Additionally, it increased epidermal thickness as compared to the untreated control as well as the commercially marketed face serum. The facial serum provided a statistically increased skin moisturization compared to pretreatment values. Dermatological evaluation of the skin concluded that there were statistically and clinically significant improvements in skin smoothness, wrinkles severity, fine lines visibility and lifting, and tightening effects at crow's feet area, forehead, and upper lip. CONCLUSION A facial serum, containing a proprietary blend of neuropeptides, proteins, amino acids, and marine extracts, has been shown to improve the overall quality of aged skin in a series of ex vivo and clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Moy
- Research and Development, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Dermal Clinical Research, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ewelina Lesniak
- Research and Development, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Giorgiana Giancola
- Scientific Affairs, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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18
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Seno SI, Shimazu H, Kobayashi H, Kogure E, Watanabe A, Isoyama T. Quantitative evaluation of skin barrier function using water evaporation time related to transepidermal water loss. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13242. [PMID: 36426825 PMCID: PMC9838770 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is often used as an index for skin barrier function. The skin barrier tester, SBT-100 (Rousette Strategy Inc), measures the TEWL, water evaporation time, and time constant by contacting the skin and diffusing water into the closing measurement chamber. However, the relationship between the TEWL and time constant has not been sufficiently investigated. This study involved analyzing the underlying measurement principle and obtaining data through two experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The TEWL and time constant were measured using SBT-100. Experiment 1 produced a simple simulation model for continuous water evaporation from the skin using a moisture-permeable film. In experiment 2, four skin sites of 43 healthy volunteers were examined from May to September 2018. RESULTS In experiment 1, the TEWL increased and time constant decreased, following an increase in humidity in the external environment. Both parameters demonstrated significant negative correlation (drying: ρ = -0.832, p < 0.001). For the 43 healthy volunteers who participated in experiment 2, their TEWL increased and time constant decreased in summer. For all skin measurement sites, both data demonstrated significant negative correlation (forehead: ρ = -0.909, p < 0.001; back of the left hand: ρ = -0.829, p < 0.001; left lateral elbow: ρ = -0.896, p < 0.001; left lateral malleolus: ρ = -0.865, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Results indicated that the time constant is significantly correlated with TEWL. Furthermore, the time constant can be used as a parameter for evaluating skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Seno
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimazu
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kobayashi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiki Kogure
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Isoyama
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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Voegeli R, Cherel M, Schoop R, Rawlings AV. A comprehensive comparison of facial skin hydration based on capacitance and conductance measurements in Chinese women. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:703-718. [PMID: 35980652 PMCID: PMC9826081 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the data of conductance and capacitance measurements of facial skin hydration and to evaluate and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches. METHODS We measured skin capacitance (Corneometer® CM 825) and skin conductance (Skicon-200EX®) on 30 pre-defined facial sites of 125 Chinese women, resulting in 3750 readings per device. The data were analysed and compared, and continuous colour maps were generated on a 3D avatar for capacitance, conductance, relative difference (Δ%) and correlation (R-value) by interpolating between the individual readings and converting the values to colours. This visualization allows a better interpretation of the results. RESULTS The complexity of facial skin hydration is revealed by this approach. The similarities and discrepancies in the facial hydration maps are clearly apparent. Due to the superiority of the Skicon in measuring high hydration levels, differences in skin hydration were evident on the forehead compared with the Corneometer maps, which may be related to the more superficial measurement of the Skicon within the stratum corneum. Conversely, a greater understanding of the complexity of facial skin hydration in the nasolabial fold was obvious when using the Corneometer. The best congruence between the instruments was found at two specific but separated facial areas, one around the inner eye region and the other one on a line between the nasolabial sulcus and the oblique, lateral jaw. Interestingly, the data were not normally distributed for both instruments and they had opposite skews. All facial clusters were statistically different from each other (p < 0.001), except the cheek and jaw for the Skicon. Larger than expected percentage coefficients of variance were found for the Corneometer on some facial sites that might be explainable by differences in stratum corneum physiology and biochemistry. Corneometer values of 48 AU and Skicon values of 132 μS were taken as the cutoff for normally hydrated facial skin. CONCLUSIONS Both devices have their advantages and disadvantages suggesting that bio-instrumental measurement of skin hydration is actually more complicated than commonly thought and that the different facial zones and the use of multiple instrumentation have not been adequately considered.
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Profile of Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL), Skin Hydration, and Skin Acidity (pH) in Indonesian Batik Workers. Dermatol Res Pract 2022; 2022:7014004. [PMID: 36092493 PMCID: PMC9462970 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7014004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical substances used during batik processing may affect the physiological function of the batik worker's skin barrier. This study assessed the level of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, and skin acidity in 61 batik workers from the batik center in Paseseh village, Tanjung Bumi subdistrict, Madura Island, Indonesia. Forty-five batik workers involved in dry work including drawing patterns on the cloth with wax and sixteen batik workers involved in wet work including dyeing the cloth with a dye bath were included in this study. The mean TEWL level in the dry work section was 59.87 ± 11.94 g/m2/h on the palmar and 29.00 ± 13.09 g/m2/h on the dorsal side of the hand, while the mean TEWL in the wet work section were 47.39 ± 9.66 g/m2/h on the palmar and 37.07 ± 10.00 g/m2/h on the dorsal side of the hand. The mean skin hydration level in the dry work section was 49.80 ± 19.16 arbitrary units (a.u.) for the palmar side and 52.77 ± 16.21 a.u. for the dorsal side of the hand, while the mean levels of skin hydration in the wet work section were 47 ± 12.73 a.u. and 62.94 ± 10.09 a.u. for palmar and dorsal side, respectively. The mean levels of skin acidity in the dry work section were 5.45 ± 0.19 for the palmar side and 5.30 ± 0.20 for the dorsal side of the hand, while the wet work section had 5.30 ± 0.19 and 5.10 ± 0.19 for the palmar and dorsal side of the hand, respectively. The TEWL levels were found to be higher on the palmar side of the hand in both the dry work and wet work sections, which was consistent with the measurement of skin hydration levels that were lower on the palmar side of the hand. The mean skin pH levels for both work sections were considered within the normal range.
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Green M, Feschuk AM, Kashetsky N, Maibach HI. "Normal" TEWL-How Can it be Defined?: A Systematic Review. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1618-1631. [PMID: 35753062 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), the total non-eccrine sweat water evaporating from a given area of epidermis over time, is a measurement of skin barrier integrity. Skin diseases (e.g. psoriasis and atopic dermatitis) often result in transient increases in TEWL, so knowledge of "normal" TEWL values may be used to predict disease progression in dermatological settings. Variables such as age, race, and anatomic location have been suggested to affect TEWL, but current regulatory agencies have failed to control for additional variables of interest. Thus, this review summarizes variables that may cause TEWL variation. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed using Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science to find human studies that provided data on variables affecting TEWL. RESULTS 31 studies, analyzing 22 affecting TEWL, were identified. Variables causing increased TEWL were mask-use (n=1), Dry Eye Disease (n=1), Chronic Venous Disease (n=1), Coronary Artery Disease (n=1), age (infants vs. adults) (n=4), nourishment in infants (n=1), stress within individuals (n=2), Body Mass Index (n=2), bathing versus showering (n=2), and scratching/friction (n=1). Variables with decreases in TEWL were genetic variability with SNPs on chromosome 9q34.3 (n=1) and cancer-cachexia (n=1). CONCLUSION We summarized 12 variables that impact TEWL and are not typically controlled for in experimental settings. Therefore, defining normal TEWL may currently be problematic. Thus, regulatory agencies should provide stricter guidelines on proper measurement of TEWL to minimize human introduced TEWL variation, and we should continue to examine factors impacting individual skin integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Green
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Aileen M Feschuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada
| | - Nadia Kashetsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada
| | - Howard I Maibach
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
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22
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Abstract
Interpretation of impedance spectroscopy data requires both a description of the chemistry and physics that govern the system and an assessment of the error structure of the measurement. The approach presented here includes use of graphical methods to guide model development, use of a measurement model analysis to assess the presence of stochastic and bias errors, and a systematic development of interpretation models in terms of the proposed reaction mechanism and physical description. Application to corrosion, batteries, and biological systems is discussed, and emerging trends in interpretation and implementation of impedance spectroscopy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Vivier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, 4 place Jussieu, Paris 75005 Cedex 05, France
| | - Mark E Orazem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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23
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Nikolić I, Simić M, Pantelić I, Stojanović G, Antić Stanković J, Marković B, Savić S. Chemical vs. Physical Methods to Improve Dermal Drug Delivery: A Case Study with Nanoemulsions and Iontophoresis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061144. [PMID: 35745717 PMCID: PMC9229366 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, various approaches have been proposed to improve dermal drug delivery. The use of chemical penetration enhancers has a long history of application, while methods based on the electrical current (such as iontophoresis) stand out as promising “active” techniques. Aiming to evaluate the contribution of different approaches to dermal delivery, in this work curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions with and without monoterpenes (eucalyptol or pinene) as chemical penetration enhancers, and a custom-made adhesive dermal delivery system based on iontophoresis were designed and assessed. In an in vivo study applying skin bioengineering techniques, their safety profile was proven. Three examined iontophoresis protocols, with total skin exposure time of 15 min (continuous flow for 15 min (15-0); 3 min of continuous flow and 2 min pause (3-2; 5 cycles) and 5 min of continuous flow and 1 min pause (5-1; 3 cycles) were equally efficient in terms of the total amount of curcumin that penetrated through the superficial skin layers (in vivo tape stripping) (Q3-2 = 7.04 ± 3.21 μg/cm2; Q5-1 = 6.66 ± 2.11 μg/cm2; Q15-0 = 6.96 ± 3.21 μg/cm2), significantly more efficient compared to the referent nanoemulsion and monoterpene-containing nanoemulsions. Further improvement of an efficient mobile adhesive system for iontophoresis would be a practical contribution in the field of dermal drug application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Nikolić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.N.); (I.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Mitar Simić
- Department of Electronics, University of Novi Sad—Faculty of Technical Sciences, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Ivana Pantelić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.N.); (I.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Goran Stojanović
- Department of Electronics, University of Novi Sad—Faculty of Technical Sciences, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Jelena Antić Stanković
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Bojan Marković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-3951-341
| | - Snežana Savić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.N.); (I.P.); (S.S.)
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24
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Klotz T, Ibrahim A, Maddern G, Caplash Y, Wagstaff M. Devices measuring transepidermal water loss: A systematic review of measurement properties. Skin Res Technol 2022; 28:497-539. [PMID: 35411958 PMCID: PMC9907714 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to examine the reliability and measurement error of devices that measure transepidermal water loss (TEWL). INTRODUCTION TEWL is a physiological property of skin which increases when the epidermis is damaged. It is, therefore, a commonly utilised measure of skin barrier integrity. Devices measuring TEWL are available as open, semi-open or closed chamber. Studies of reliability examine the consistency of measurement, and/or responsiveness whereas measurement error scores in absolute terms the amount of error due to sources of variation. INCLUSION CRITERIA Studies examining the reliability and/or measurement error of TEWL measurement devices were included. Studies that only report on measurement of TEWL outcomes without examination of reliability and/or measurement error were excluded. METHODS The search strategy aimed to locate published and unpublished studies. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science, utilising identified keywords and limited to studies in English. Grey literature sources were searched to identify any unpublished documents. Study selection using the inclusion criteria was then assessed by two reviewers for methodological quality utilising the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) risk of bias tool to assess the reliability and measurement error of outcome measurement instruments. RESULTS A total of 22 devices were examined in the 38 included studies. The quality of study design was on average rated as 'Adequate' however reliability and measurement error statistical methods were on average rated as 'Doubtful'. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION TEWL measurement devices were found to demonstrate good reliability and frequently correlated with other devices. However, measurement error was highly variable but improves under in vitro conditions. Future research should consider risk of bias factors when designing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Klotz
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Abdullah Ibrahim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Guy Maddern
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yugesh Caplash
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Marcus Wagstaff
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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25
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Rodriguez AJ, Boonya-Ananta MT, Gonzalez M, Le VND, Fine J, Palacios C, McShane MJ, Coté GL, Ramella-Roman JC. Skin optical properties in the obese and their relation to body mass index: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:030902. [PMID: 35352513 PMCID: PMC8963797 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.3.030902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Obesity is a worldwide epidemic contributing directly to several cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Wearable devices are becoming better at quantifying biomarkers relevant for the management of health and fitness. Unfortunately, both anecdotal evidence and recent studies indicate that some wearables have higher levels of error when utilized by populations with darker skin tones and high body mass index (BMI). There is an urgent need for a better evaluation of the limits of wearable health technologies when used by obese individuals. AIMS (1) To review the current know-how on changes due to obesity in the skin epidermis, dermis, and subcutis that could affect the skin optical properties; (2) for the green wavelength range, to evaluate the difference in absorption and scattering coefficients from the abdominal skin between individuals with and without elevated BMI. The changes include alterations in layer thickness and cell size, as well as significant differences in chromophores and scatterer content, e.g., water, hemoglobin, collagen, and lipids. APPROACH We have summarized literature pertaining to changes in skin and its components in obesity and report the results of our search using articles published between years 1971 and 2020. A linear model was used to demonstrate the absorption and reduced scattering coefficient of the abdominal skin of individuals with and without elevated BMI in the green wavelength range (530 to 550 nm) that is typically found in most wearables. RESULTS The general trends indicate a decrease in absorption for both dermis and subcutis and an increase in reduced scattering for both epidermis and dermis. At 544-nm wavelength, a typical wavelength used for photoplethysmography (PPG), the absorption coefficient's relative percentage difference between high and low BMI skin, was 49% in the subcutis, 19% in the dermis, and negligible in the epidermis, whereas the reduced scattering coefficient relative difference was 21%, 29%, and 165% respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that there could be significant errors in the output of optical devices used for monitoring health and fitness if changes due to obesity are not accounted for in their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres J. Rodriguez
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Miami, Florida, United States
| | | | - Mariacarla Gonzalez
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Vinh Nguyen Du Le
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Jesse Fine
- Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Cristina Palacios
- Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Mike J. McShane
- Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
- Texas A&M University, TEES Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, College Station, Texas, United States
- Texas A&M University, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Gerard L. Coté
- Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
- Texas A&M University, TEES Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Jessica C. Ramella-Roman
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Miami, Florida, United States
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
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26
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Rahma A, Lane ME. Skin Barrier Function in Infants: Update and Outlook. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020433. [PMID: 35214165 PMCID: PMC8880311 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A good understanding of infant skin should provide a rationale for optimum management of the health of this integument. In this review, we discuss the skin barrier function of infants, particularly with reference to the use of diapers and baby wipes. The skin barrier of newborns continues to develop with age. Two years after birth, the barrier properties of infant skin closely resemble those of adult skin. However, several risk factors may contribute to impaired skin barrier and altered skin permeability in infants. Problems may arise from the use of diapers and baby wipes. The skin covered by a diaper is effectively an occluded environment, and thus is vulnerable to over-hydration. To date there has been no published information regarding dermal absorption of ingredients contained in baby wipes. Similarly, dermal absorption of topical ingredients in infants with underlying skin conditions has not been widely explored. Clearly, there are serious ethical concerns related to conducting skin permeation studies on infant skin. However, the increasing availability of non-invasive methods for in vivo studies is encouraging and offers new directions for studying this important patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annisa Rahma
- Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Majella E. Lane
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
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27
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Microalgae as a Sustainable, Natural-Oriented and Vegan Dermocosmetic Bioactive Ingredient: The Case of Neochloris oleoabundans. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
“Vegan” and “sustainable” characteristics are strong claim trends behind the development of innovative skincare, fragrances, and makeup products. This created a need in the market for compliant ingredients. To date, there have been no records evidencing the use of the microalgae Neochloris oleoabundans (NA) in dermocosmetics. Therefore, we studied the applicability of such a natural compound in this context. NA was cultivated, and the scavenging activity (SA) of the NA extracts was evaluated. The highest SA was from the aqueous extract (54.8% ± 2.1%), being higher than that of the positive control. Two hydrogels were prepared with 1.0% ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer: (1) control gel; and (2) gel with a 1.0% NA aqueous extract. In vivo experiments were performed in healthy male and female volunteers with skin phototypes of II–IV. The stratum corneum (SC) hydration and the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured in the forearm of participants to determine their biocompatibility. This parameter was determined by skin bioengineering measurements, confirming that SC hydration and TEWL were not affected by the samples. The laser Doppler measurements results showed a delayed erythema onset in the sites, where the NA hydrogel was applied. The results confirmed the biocompatibility and the anti-inflammatory activity of an innovative ingredient derived from microalgae suitable for a natural and vegan lifestyle.
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28
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OUP accepted manuscript. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:923-936. [DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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29
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OUP accepted manuscript. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:907-922. [DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Rasmont V, Valois A, Gueniche A, Sore G, Kerob D, Nielsen M, Berardesca E. Vichy volcanic mineralizing water has unique properties to strengthen the skin barrier and skin defenses against exposome aggressions. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36 Suppl 2:5-15. [PMID: 34979589 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposome aggressions are known to weaken certain skin functions, such as skin barrier and skin defense functions. Vichy volcanic mineralizing water (VVMW) percolates through volcanic and magmatic rocks in the Auvergne region in France to create a pure, highly mineralized water containing 15 minerals for a total mineral concentration of 5.2 g/L. Here, we provide an overview of the main results of in vitro and ex vivo studies (keratinocyte cultures, 3D reconstructed skin model, skin explants) and clinical studies to evaluate the effect of VVMW on key skin functions to help elucidate how it counteracts exposome aggressions on the skin. Properties to strengthen the skin barrier: VVMW stimulated the synthesis of tight junction proteins and keratinocyte differentiation markers in vitro. In clinical studies, VVMW accelerated cell turnover and improved skin hydration. Properties to strengthen skin antioxidant defense: VVMW stimulated the expression of antioxidant defense markers and had a higher stimulatory effect than a competitor thermal water on the expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in keratinocytes in vitro. In vivo, VVMW restored endogenous catalase activity after exposure to UVA radiation. Anti-inflammatory action: VVMW reduced substance P-induced inflammation ex vivo and lactic acid-induced stinging in vivo. Topical application of VVMW in subjects with sensitive skin showed soothing and decongestant effects by reducing skin dryness and erythema. After sodium lauryl sulfate -induced skin barrier disruption, recovery from redness and erythema was faster following application of VVMW compared to a competitor water or untreated skin. These studies illustrate that VVMW has unique properties to repair and regenerate the skin barrier, as well as to strengthen antioxidant and immune defenses, which help protect the skin against exposome aggressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rasmont
- Laboratoires Vichy, Levallois Perret, France
| | - A Valois
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Chevilly Larue, France
| | - A Gueniche
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Chevilly Larue, France
| | - G Sore
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Chevilly Larue, France
| | - D Kerob
- Laboratoires Vichy, Levallois Perret, France
| | - M Nielsen
- Laboratoires Vichy, Levallois Perret, France
| | - E Berardesca
- Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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31
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Biophysical and Subject-Based Assessment of the Effects of Topical Moisturizer Usage on Xerotic Skin—Part II: Visioscan® VC 20plus Imaging. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As new biophysical methods become available to the skin researcher it is important to understand the type of information that they are capable of measuring, and how it relates to consumer perception of topical moisturizing products. The aim of the work presented here was to understand what dry skin imaging can reveal about the skin and subject feedback from the use of a topical moisturizing product and how it relates to the consumer usage experience of a topical product. Images from a dry skin camera—the Visioscan® VC 20plus—during 3 weeks in vivo usage of a topical moisturizing product were analyzed. Subject feedback regarding their skin condition was also collected. Strong statistical improvements (p < 0.05) were observed for a wide range of skin parameters derived from the Visioscan® VC 20plus. Skin scaliness and smoothness and parameters associated with skin health and appearance (surface, energy, contrast, homogeneity) improved as a result of topical product usage. Subjects reported their skin to feel less dry, to be smoother, and more supple and to look and feel healthier after product usage. The length of time until they felt the need to re-apply the product increased during the study.
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32
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Hüppop F, Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer S, Fölster-Holst R. Characterization of Classical Flexural and Nummular Forms of Atopic Dermatitis in Childhood with Regard to Anamnestic, Clinical and Epidermal Barrier Aspects. Acta Derm Venereol 2021; 102:adv00664. [PMID: 34935994 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v101.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nummular (coin-shaped) and classical (flexural) atopic dermatitis differ morphologically, but no other distinguishing features are known. The aim of this study was to determine differences and similarities of both variants in children. Detailed interviews, clinical examinations, biophysical measurements and electron microscopic analyses were performed on 10 children with nummular atopic dermatitis, 14 with classical atopic dermatitis and 10 healthy controls. Nummular atopic dermatitis affected more boys than girls and manifested less frequently within the first year of life than classical atopic dermatitis. Localization, distribution and morphology of the eczema varied more over time, and expression of keratosis pilaris was more severe in children with nummular atopic dermatitis. Both disease groups showed reduced hydration, increased transepidermal water loss and reduced intercellular lipid lamellae in lesional skin areas compared with non-lesional areas. These findings underline the separate classification of both variants. Further research is necessary to investigate the potential of diverging therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regina Fölster-Holst
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, DE-24105 Kiel, Germany.
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33
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Ali A, Skedung L, Burleigh S, Lavant E, Ringstad L, Anderson CD, Wahlgren M, Engblom J. Relationship between sensorial and physical characteristics of topical creams: A comparative study on effects of excipients. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121370. [PMID: 34952146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Rising consumer demands for safer, more natural, and sustainable topical products have led to increased interest in finding alternative excipients, while retaining functionality and cosmetic appeal. Particle-stabilized Pickering creams have emerged as possible alternatives to replace traditional surfactant-stabilized creams and are thus one of the focuses in this study. The aim of this paper was to study relationships between sensorial characteristics and physical properties to understand how different excipients affect these aspects, comparing one starch particle-stabilized and three surfactant-stabilized formulations. A human panel was used to evaluate sensorial perception, while physical properties were deduced by rheology and tactile friction, together with in vivo and ex vivo skin hydration measurements. The results show that sensorial attributes related to the application phase can be predicted with rheology, while afterfeel attributes can be predicted with tactile friction studies. Differences in rheological and sensory properties among surfactant-based creams could mainly be attributed to the type of emollients used, presence of thickeners and surfactant composition. Differences between surfactant-based creams and a Pickering cream were more evident in relation to the afterfeel perception. Presence of starch particles in the residual film on skin results in high tactile friction and low perception of residual coating, stickiness, greasiness, and slipperiness in sensorial afterfeel.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ali
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Speximo AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden.
| | - L Skedung
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Perception and Design, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Burleigh
- Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - E Lavant
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Ringstad
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Perception and Design, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C D Anderson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - M Wahlgren
- Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Engblom
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
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34
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Abe Y, Nishizawa M. Electrical aspects of skin as a pathway to engineering skin devices. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:041509. [PMID: 34849444 PMCID: PMC8604566 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is one of the indispensable organs for life. The epidermis at the outermost surface provides a permeability barrier to infectious agents, chemicals, and excessive loss of water, while the dermis and subcutaneous tissue mechanically support the structure of the skin and appendages, including hairs and secretory glands. The integrity of the integumentary system is a key for general health, and many techniques have been developed to measure and control this protective function. In contrast, the effective skin barrier is the major obstacle for transdermal delivery and detection. Changes in the electrical properties of skin, such as impedance and ionic activity, is a practical indicator that reflects the structures and functions of the skin. For example, the impedance that reflects the hydration of the skin is measured for quantitative assessment in skincare, and the current generated across a wound is used for the evaluation and control of wound healing. Furthermore, the electrically charged structure of the skin enables transdermal drug delivery and chemical extraction. This paper provides an overview of the electrical aspects of the skin and summarizes current advances in the development of devices based on these features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuina Abe
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Nishizawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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35
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Dorf ILH, Lunen MS, Koppelhus U. Effect of topical treatment with 7.5% urea in Ichthyosis Vulgaris: A randomized, controlled, double blinded, split body study evaluating the effect of urea cream compared to the vehicle (moisturizing) cream. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1:e65. [PMID: 35663767 PMCID: PMC9060062 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Ichthyosis Vulgaris (IV) is a common genetic skin disease, characterized by dry, scaling skin and itch. Urea cream has been a central part of IV treatment for decades, but only few studies have evaluated the effect of urea compared to basic moisturizers. Objective To evaluate the treatment effect of 7.5% urea cream compared to a basic moisturizer in patients with IV. Methods Participants (n = 14) were randomized to apply the 7.5% urea cream on one body half and a basic moisturizer on the other during a study period of 4 weeks. Measuring points on participants arms and legs were evaluated at baseline and at endpoint with a patient questionnaire visual assessment scale (VAS), a clinical scoring, and electronic skin hydration analysis to assess the treatment effects. Results On the arms, no significant differences between the two treatments were found. On the legs, however, the urea treated areas had a significantly higher decrease in SRRC score (0.7 points [95% CI: 1.1–0.3, p < 0.005]) and increase in hydration (32.1 μS [95% CI: 10.9‐53.2, p < 0.006]). Conclusion Skin hydration improved significantly with both urea and moisturising treatment. On the legs, with most keratinization, urea was superior. Trial registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02978209?cond=Ichthyosis+Vulgaris&draw=1&rank=2.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. L. H. Dorf
- Department of Dermatology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - M. S. Lunen
- Department of Intern medicin Regionshospitalet Silkeborg Silkeborg Denmark
| | - U. Koppelhus
- Department of Dermatology Aarhus Universitetshospital Skejby Aarhus Denmark
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Bhargava P, Singdia H, Nijhawan S, Mathur DK, Bhargava RK. A study of biophysical profile of inguinal skin: An implication for health and disease. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2021; 42:7-13. [PMID: 34765931 PMCID: PMC8579585 DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_101_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Inguinal skin is prone to various infectious dermatological conditions such as erythrasma, intertrigo, hidradenitis suppurativa, folliculitis, dermatophytic infection, and various sexually transmitted diseases, as compared to the skin elsewhere. Aim: Our study attempts to compare the biophysical profile parameters (BPPs) of the genital skin with that of the rest of the body, while taking skin of the upper back as control. It also attempts to find out if there is a difference in BPPs of the two sites and that how the change in the BPPs, bring about change in microbiome and make inguinal skin more prone to infections. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based comparative study conducted over 976 patients (600 males and 376 females) of age group 18–60 years, where BPP parameters such as hydration, skin pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and sebum content were measured over the skin of the upper back and right inguinal region, and the results were summarized and presented as proportions (%). Chi-square test was used to compare abnormal findings. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. MedCalc 16.4 version software was used for all statistical calculations. Results: Significant difference was noted in skin pH and TEWL, where P value came out to be <0.05, which was statistically significant, whereas there was minimal difference in sebum content and skin hydration in both the areas, in males and females. Conclusion: Raised skin pH disturbs organization of lipid bilayers (disturbed barrier), decreases lipid processing (impaired SC cohesion), and increases serine protease activity (reduced AMP). Increased TEWL (defect in physical barrier) and decreased hydration predispose the genital skin to infections. Use of pH buffered solutions (3–4), barrier repair creams containing ceramides, and barrier protective creams with dimethicone can help prevent these inguinal dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Bhargava
- Department of Dermatology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Heena Singdia
- Department of Dermatology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shivi Nijhawan
- Department of Dermatology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak K Mathur
- Department of Dermatology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rishi K Bhargava
- Department of Dermatology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Zuo Y, Jiang P, Wan R, Li L, Gong Q, Hua W. Characterization of Cowhage-induced Pruritus in Sensitive Skin: An Observational Laboratory Study. Acta Derm Venereol 2021; 101:adv00587. [PMID: 34724070 PMCID: PMC9455326 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v101.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitive skin is a prevalent syndrome, characterized by discomfort in response to mild stimuli, which impacts on quality of life. Pruritus is one of the major symptoms of sensitive skin. However, the pathomechanism of sensitive skin is insufficiently understood. As an experimental model for pruritus, the cowhage skin prick test might provide insight into the understanding of sensitive skin. This study aimed to specify the characteristics of cowhage-induced pruritus in sensitive skin. Female volunteers, 20 with sensitive skin and 20 controls, were recruited. Self-report questionnaires were distributed and the responses evaluated; moreover, alongside assessments by dermatologists, skin physiology assessments, lactic acid sting test, capsaicin test and cowhage skin challenge were performed. Pruritus in sensitive skin was perceived as more intense and longer-lasting than in normal skin, with different qualities of accompanying sensations. Cowhage skin challenge results showed moderate consistency with clinical assessments. The results suggest that cowhage skin challenge could be a new tool for the assessment of sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Hua
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China.
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Mayrovitz HN, Berthin T. Assessing Potential Circadian, Diurnal, and Ultradian Variations in Skin Biophysical Properties. Cureus 2021; 13:e17665. [PMID: 34650847 PMCID: PMC8489538 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of skin measurements are routinely made in various clinical and research settings to evaluate the skin’s biophysical properties for diagnostic and research purposes. Such measurements include transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pH, sebum, skin blood flow (SBF), and tissue dielectric constant (TDC) as a measure of skin water. Given the various reported circadian, diurnal, and possible ultradian and other temporal variations in skin physiological processes, it is of value to have clarity as to possible temporal variations in skin’s biophysical properties associated with such processes. It was thus the purpose of this investigation to review and detail key elements of what is currently known regarding such variations and to provide a characterization that will permit informed judgments as to the sensitivity of the timing of measurements to optimize measurement reproducibility. Understanding these variations and their possible oscillatory effects on skin biophysical properties may aid physicians in providing optimal treatment timing for dermatological conditions and offer researchers insight into optimal measurement timing. The major findings of the present investigation that systematically searched multiple databases and critically examined pertinent findings, revealed that of the several skin parameters reviewed, which included TEWL, pH, sebum, SBF, TDC, and thickness, each had at least one study describing a statistically significant within-a-day temporal change. The magnitude of these changes varied and may be large enough to be seriously considered when assessing these parameters in clinical and research settings. However, inconsistencies in reported temporal variations suggest that further systematic research is well warranted especially with respect to temporal within-a-day and day-to-day variabilities of TEWL, TDC, and mechanical properties. At present, the impact of this type of confounding variability on reported values for skin biophysical parameters is unclear and worthy of further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey N Mayrovitz
- Medical Education, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Trixie Berthin
- Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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Micek I, Nawrot J, Seraszek-Jaros A, Jenerowicz D, Schroeder G, Spiżewski T, Suchan A, Pawlaczyk M, Gornowicz-Porowska J. Taxifolin as a Promising Ingredient of Cosmetics for Adult Skin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1625. [PMID: 34679758 PMCID: PMC8533573 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Active substances, effective in the reduction in or delay of skin changes caused by aging occurring in natural compounds, are desirable. Taxifolin (TXF), a flavonoid of strong antioxidant activity found in the plant Stizolophus balsamita (S. balsamita), has been tested for its biological effects on adult human skin. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of two creams: 3% S. balsamita extract and 3% TXF on the function of adult skin. In total, 97 Caucasian women with clinical signs of skin aging were investigated. The biophysical and biomechanical skin parameters were measured before and after applying the creams, using Colorimeter CL400, Mexameter MX16, Skin-pH-Meter PH900, Skin-Thermometer ST 500, Glossymeter GL200, and Cutiscan SC100. Patch tests were performed with the investigated products to assess their potential irritant properties. The percutaneous penetration of creams was examined with the use of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and confocal Raman spectroscopy. The 3% S. balsamita extract cream reduced hyperpigmentation, erythema, and elevated pH. All the tested preparations were proven to be nonirritant. A higher penetration rate was revealed for the 3% TXF cream than for the 3% S. balsamita extract cream. A total of 3% TXF cream improved skin viscoelasticity. The obtained results suggested that S. balsamita extract and TXF may be considered as ingredients of skincare products for adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Micek
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Mazowiecka 33, 60-623 Poznan, Poland; (I.M.); (J.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Joanna Nawrot
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Mazowiecka 33, 60-623 Poznan, Poland; (I.M.); (J.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Seraszek-Jaros
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Dorota Jenerowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-356 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Schroeder
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Spiżewski
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159 Street, 60-594 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Adela Suchan
- AVA Cosmetic Laboratory, Całowanie 103B, 05-480 Karczew, Poland;
| | - Mariola Pawlaczyk
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Mazowiecka 33, 60-623 Poznan, Poland; (I.M.); (J.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Justyna Gornowicz-Porowska
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Mazowiecka 33, 60-623 Poznan, Poland; (I.M.); (J.N.); (M.P.)
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Altgilbers S, Rippke F, Filbry A, Conzelmann S, Vietzke JP, Burkhardt T, Segger D, Roggenkamp D, Grönniger E. A Biomimetic Combination of Actives Enhances Skin Hydration and Barrier Function via Modulation of Gene Expression: Results of Two Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled Clinical Studies. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 35:102-111. [PMID: 34619676 DOI: 10.1159/000520009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Xerosis cutis is characterized by a decreased stratum corneum (SC) hydration and an impaired skin barrier function. Urea, the most prevalent natural moisturizing factor (NMF), is currently considered the gold standard. Its efficacy can further be increased by combining urea with other NMF and skin barrier lipids (SBLs). OBJECTIVE We set out to evaluate physiological effects of a novel functional moisturizer containing 10% urea, additional NMF components, and a combination of SBLs on skin hydration and skin barrier integrity on a cellular and phenotypic level in female volunteers suffering from xerosis. METHODS Two double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical studies were conducted. In the first study, 44 female subjects having very dry body skin applied the moisturizer or its vehicle twice daily to their volar forearms. Twenty-four hours after a single product application as well as 24 h after 2 weeks of treatment, SC hydration was measured by corneometry. Skin barrier function was assessed by transepidermal water loss 24 h and 48 h after 2 weeks of regular use. Twenty-four hours after 2 weeks of application, skin tape stripping was performed, and urea content was determined in the 3rd strip by means of high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. In the second study, 22 women with self-reported very dry skin applied the moisturizer or vehicle twice daily to their volar forearms for 2 weeks. Then, suction blister samples were obtained for gene expression analysis using RT-PCR. RESULTS Application of the actives led to significantly improved skin hydration and barrier function at all points in time. Compared to the vehicle, application of the moisturizer for 2 weeks resulted in a significant increase in SC urea content. Relative gene expression data revealed significant upregulation of genes associated with skin barrier function, hydration, differentiation, and lipid metabolism compared to the vehicle-treated area. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data demonstrate that the functional moisturizer provides an adequate bioavailability of urea and a beneficial biophysical impact on xerotic skin. Topical treatment with a combination of urea and additional NMF as well as SBL can modify mRNA expression of important epidermal genes stimulating cellular processes and functions. The well-tolerated novel functional moisturizer stimulates molecular mechanisms involved in skin hydration and barrier function and is a profoundly effective treatment option for xerosis cutis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Rippke
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Dörte Segger
- SGS Institut Fresenius GmbH (former SIT Skin Investigation and Technology), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Elke Grönniger
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
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41
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Klotz T, Maddern G, Caplash Y, Wagstaff M. Devices measuring transepidermal water loss of the skin: a systematic review protocol of measurement properties. JBI Evid Synth 2021; 19:2893-2903. [PMID: 34100828 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-20-00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to examine the reliability and measurement error of devices that measure transepidermal water loss. INTRODUCTION Transepidermal water loss is a physiological property of skin that increases when the epidermis is damaged. It is, therefore, a commonly utilized measure of skin barrier integrity. Devices measuring transepidermal water loss are available as open, semi-open, or closed chamber. Studies that examine the similarities and differences between transepidermal water loss measurement devices are available. However, there has not been a systematic review to comprehensively collate and critique these studies. The aim of this review will be to synthesize the data from these studies to aid in selection and use of transepidermal water loss measurement devices in clinical practice or research. INCLUSION CRITERIA Studies examining the reliability and/or measurement error of transepidermal water loss measurement devices will be included. Studies that examine a single device to demonstrate how different handling affects measurements will also be included. Studies that only report on measurement of transepidermal water loss outcomes without examination of reliability and/or measurement error will be excluded. METHODS The search strategy will aim to locate published and unpublished studies. Databases to be searched will include PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science, utilizing identified keywords and limited to studies in English. Gray literature sources will be searched to identify any unpublished documents. Study selection will adhere to the inclusion criteria and then be assessed by two reviewers for methodological quality utilizing COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments) guidelines and risk of bias tools. Extracted data will be presented in a narrative synthesis and as tables and figures to aid data presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Klotz
- Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Guy Maddern
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yugesh Caplash
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Marcus Wagstaff
- Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Rinaldi AO, Korsfeldt A, Ward S, Burla D, Dreher A, Gautschi M, Stolpe B, Tan G, Bersuch E, Melin D, Askary Lord N, Grant S, Svedenhag P, Tsekova K, Schmid‐Grendelmeier P, Möhrenschlager M, Renner ED, Akdis CA. Electrical impedance spectroscopy for the characterization of skin barrier in atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2021; 76:3066-3079. [PMID: 33830511 DOI: 10.1111/all.14842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic disorders such as atopic dermatitis (AD) are strongly associated with an impairment of the epithelial barrier, in which tight junctions and/or filaggrin expression can be defective. Skin barrier assessment shows potential to be clinically useful for prediction of disease development, improved and earlier diagnosis, lesion follow-up, and therapy evaluation. This study aimed to establish a method to directly assess the in vivo status of epithelial barrier using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). METHODS Thirty-six patients with AD were followed during their 3-week hospitalization and compared with 28 controls. EIS and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured in lesional and non-lesional skin. Targeted proteomics by proximity extension assay in serum and whole-genome sequence were performed. RESULTS Electrical impedance spectroscopy was able to assess epithelial barrier integrity, differentiate between patients and controls without AD, and characterize lesional and non-lesional skin of patients. It showed a significant negative correlation with TEWL, but a higher sensitivity to discriminate non-lesional atopic skin from controls. During hospitalization, lesions reported a significant increase in EIS that correlated with healing, decreased SCORAD and itch scores. Additionally, EIS showed a significant inverse correlation with serum biomarkers associated with inflammatory pathways that may affect the epithelial barrier, particularly chemokines such as CCL13, CCL3, CCL7, and CXCL8 and other cytokines, such as IRAK1, IRAK4, and FG2, which were significantly high at admission. Furthermore, filaggrin copy numbers significantly correlated with EIS on non-lesional skin of patients. CONCLUSIONS Electrical impedance spectroscopy can be a useful tool to detect skin barrier dysfunction in vivo, valuable for the assessment of AD severity, progression, and therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo O. Rinaldi
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF Davos Switzerland
| | | | - Siobhan Ward
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Daniel Burla
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF Davos Switzerland
| | - Anita Dreher
- Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Marja Gautschi
- Hochgebirgsklinik – High Altitude Clinic (HGK) Davos Switzerland
| | - Britta Stolpe
- Hochgebirgsklinik – High Altitude Clinic (HGK) Davos Switzerland
| | - Ge Tan
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF Davos Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich ETH Zurich/University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Eugen Bersuch
- Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristina Tsekova
- Hochgebirgsklinik – High Altitude Clinic (HGK) Davos Switzerland
| | - Peter Schmid‐Grendelmeier
- Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Ellen D. Renner
- Hochgebirgsklinik – High Altitude Clinic (HGK) Davos Switzerland
- Translational Immunology in Environmental Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
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Mitamura Y, Ogulur I, Pat Y, Rinaldi AO, Ardicli O, Cevhertas L, Brüggen MC, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Dysregulation of the epithelial barrier by environmental and other exogenous factors. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:615-626. [PMID: 34420214 PMCID: PMC9293165 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The “epithelial barrier hypothesis” proposes that the exposure to various epithelial barrier–damaging agents linked to industrialization and urbanization underlies the increase in allergic diseases. The epithelial barrier constitutes the first line of physical, chemical, and immunological defense against environmental factors. Recent reports have shown that industrial products disrupt the epithelial barriers. Innate and adaptive immune responses play an important role in epithelial barrier damage. In addition, recent studies suggest that epithelial barrier dysfunction plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of the atopic march by allergen sensitization through the transcutaneous route. It is evident that external factors interact with the immune system, triggering a cascade of complex reactions that damage the epithelial barrier. Epigenetic and microbiome changes modulate the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Robust and simple measurements of the skin barrier dysfunction at the point‐of‐care are of significant value as a biomarker, as recently reported using electrical impedance spectroscopy to directly measure barrier defects. Understanding epithelial barrier dysfunction and its mechanism is key to developing novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize recent studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by environmental factors that contribute to the dysregulation of epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos.,Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yagiz Pat
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Arturo O Rinaldi
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos
| | - Ozge Ardicli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Lacin Cevhertas
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos.,Department of Medical Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos.,Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos
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Savic SM, Cekic ND, Savic SR, Ilic TM, Savic SD. 'All-natural' anti-wrinkle emulsion serum with Acmella oleracea extract: A design of experiments (DoE) formulation approach, rheology and in vivo skin performance/efficacy evaluation. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:530-546. [PMID: 34297422 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The growing consumers' preferences and concerns regarding healthy ageing, youthful skin appearance, environmental protection and sustainability have triggered an ever-increasing trend towards natural, eco-friendly and ethically sourced anti-ageing products. Accordingly, this paper describes design and evaluation of novel, safe, effective and high-quality emulsion serums, completely based on ingredients of natural origin, intended for improving facial fine lines and wrinkles. METHODS Model formulations, stabilized by an innovative glycolipid mixed emulsifier (lauryl glucoside/myristyl glucoside/polyglyceryl-6 laurate) and containing Acmella oleracea extract as a model anti-ageing active, were prepared by cold process and fully assessed regarding their rheological behaviour (continuous rotational and oscillatory tests) and physical stability (dynamic-mechanical thermoanalysis - DMTA test). To study and optimize the simultaneous influence of varied formulation factors (emollients and emulsifier concentrations) on critical rheological attributes of the developed serums, a central composite design within 'design of experiments' approach was employed. The general skin performance - preliminary safety and anti-wrinkle efficacy of selected model serum, was evaluated in human volunteers, by employing several objective, non-invasive bioengineering techniques. RESULTS Rheological characterization revealed favourable shear-thinning flow behaviour with yield point, and dominating elastic character (storage modulus G' > loss modulus G") in both amplitude and frequency sweeps, which together with relatively small structural change obtained in DMTA test indicated overall satisfying rheological and stability properties of formulated serums. From the established design space, and taking into account formulation cost and carbon footprint, promising model serum (desired/optimal apparent viscosity, yield point and loss factor, rather small and constant structural change), containing 15% of emollients and 1% of emulsifier, was chosen for in vivo evaluations. Screening of skin irritation effects revealed the absence of potential irritancy of investigated serum, suggesting overall satisfying skin tolerability/preliminary safety. Silicone skin replica image analysis demonstrated noticeable reduction/improvement in all measured skin wrinkle parameters after only 2 weeks of test serum application in periorbital and perioral areas, indicating its rapid and beneficial effects on the facial expression lines and wrinkles. CONCLUSION Altogether, the results corroborate the promising potential of the developed Acmella oleracea extract-loaded emulsion serum as safe, effective and non-invasive natural anti-wrinkle product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanela M Savic
- Research and Development Sector, DCP Hemigal, Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa D Cekic
- Research and Development Sector, DCP Hemigal, Leskovac, Serbia.,Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Sasa R Savic
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Tanja M Ilic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snezana D Savic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Szymoniak-Lipska M, Polańska A, Jenerowicz D, Lipski A, Żaba R, Adamski Z, Dańczak-Pazdrowska A. High-Frequency Ultrasonography and Evaporimetry in Non-invasive Evaluation of the Nail Unit. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:686470. [PMID: 34195212 PMCID: PMC8236586 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.686470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The nail unit (NU) is a complex structure that performs a number of functions, including protection, defense, manipulation, and palpation. Non-invasive research methods can facilitate the recognition of NU structure and function. Evaporimetry and HF-USG due to their availability of equipment and low research costs seem to be particularly noteworthy, but so far have been assessed to a limited extent. The aim of the presented study was to check the usefulness of TOWL and HF-USG in examination of NU. Materials and Methods: A total of 58 volunteers aged 25-65 years (mean age: 41 ± 10.16 years) were qualified for the study. The subjects did not present symptoms of clinically evident onychopathy and did not suffer from any dermatoses associated with lesions occurring within the NU. Additionally, the patients did not suffer from systemic diseases that could affect NU (including heart, lung, and endocrine diseases). In all volunteers, the measurement of TOWL and 20 MHz ultrasonography [high-frequency ultrasonography (HF-USG)] with the special emphasis on determination of nail plate thickness were performed. Results: Analysis of 464 HF-USG images revealed that the nail plate presented as two hyperechoic, parallel streaks (railway sign) with a linear hypoechoic middle layer between them. Matrix was visualized as a hypoechoic structure with blurred boundaries, mostly within the fourth and fifth fingers and more often in women. We found statistically significant correlations between the type of a finger and the thickness of the nail plate both in the entire study group and taking into account gender. In the dominant hand, the results were r = -0.341; p < 0.001; r = -0.417, p < 0.001; and r = 0.337; p = 0.001 (for the whole group, for women, and for men, respectively). In the non-dominant hand, the results were r = -0.465; p < 0.001; r = -0.493, p < 0.01; and r = -0.503; p < 0.01 (for the whole group, for women, and for men, respectively). There were statistically significant differences in the thickness of the nail plates of the corresponding types of fingers between female and male NUs. Statistically significant correlations were found between the type of a finger and the TOWL value in the whole group and taking into account gender (p < 0.05), except for the non-dominant hand in men. There were no statistically significant differences in the TOWL values of the corresponding types of fingers between male and female NUs (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between the TOWL value and the nail plate thickness in any of the tested NUs, apart from the one statistically significant correlation in nd5 (r = 0.390, p = 0.021). Conclusions: To sum up, non-invasive methods, such as HF-USG and TOWL, enable assessment of the NU and are useful in examination of its structure and function. HF-USG shows characteristic elements of NUs that can be distinguished because of differences in their echogenicity. The thickness of the nail plate and TOWL depend on the type of finger, and show a relationship with gender.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Polańska
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Jenerowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Lipski
- Department of Urology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ryszard Żaba
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Adamski
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Characterizing the Mechanism of Action of Essential Oils on Skin Homeostasis—Data from Sonographic Imaging, Epidermal Water Dynamics, and Skin Biomechanics. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have been recognized as materials of interest for dermatological applications, although some doubts remain regarding their safety and efficacy. We studied the action mechanisms of EOs from lavender and sage in human skin. Extracted EOs were incorporated (at 5% and 10%) in almond oil as a vehicle. Eleven healthy volunteers were selected and the prepared oils were tested on both forearms. All procedures respected the principles of good clinical practice. Effects were followed through high resolution sonography (HRS), epidermal water dynamics, and biomechanics. All variables were measured before and 30 min after application. Nonparametric statistical comparisons were applied (p < 0.05). HRS revealed a more echogenic epidermis, with a significant echogenicity decrease in the dermis (higher water retention) for all formulations. Significant TEWL decrease and an increase in superficial and deep epidermal hydration were also observed. These results indicate that EOs penetrate only into the most superficial layers of the skin, which is important for their safety profile. Furthermore, this “filmogenic” mechanism improving the epidermal water balance seems to connect directly with the observed biomechanical enhancement. These results confirm the clinical relevance of these compounds, in particular to restore the epidermal water content and prevent xerosis and other related disorders in sensitive (atopic, elderly) patients.
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Biologically Active Compounds in Stizolophus balsamita Inflorescences: Isolation, Phytochemical Characterization and Effects on the Skin Biophysical Parameters. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094428. [PMID: 33922647 PMCID: PMC8122880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three germacranolides, as well as five flavonoids, natural steroid and simple phenolic compounds, were isolated from the inflorescence of Stizolophus balsamita growing in Iran. The paper presents active compounds found for the first time in the inflorescence of this species. The flavonoids, simple phenolic compounds and natural steroids have been isolated for the first time in the genus Stizolophus. The MTT assay was employed to study in vitro cytotoxic effects of the taxifolin against human fibroblasts. We also evaluate the possible biological properties/cosmetic effects of Stizolophus balsamita extract and taxifolin on the human skin. Sixty healthy Caucasian adult females with no dermatological diseases were investigated. We evaluate the effects of S. balsamita extract and taxifolin on skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). It was revealed that S. balsamita extract might decrease TEWL level and fixed the barrier function of the epidermis. The presence of bioactive phytochemical constituents in S. balsamita inflorescences makes them a valuable and safe source for creating new cosmetics and medicines.
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Nitiyarom R, Anuntarumporn L, Wisuthsarewong W. Skin hydration and transepidermal water loss after bathing compared between immersion and showering. Skin Res Technol 2021; 27:896-903. [PMID: 33769640 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various methods of bathing may affect skin properties differently. AIMS To compare the effects of immersion and showering on skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). METHOD This experimental study included healthy volunteers whose forearms were immersed and showered for 3 minutes. Skin hydration and TEWL were assessed serially before and after immersion and showering of volunteer forearms. RESULTS Seventy-eight healthy volunteers (49 females, 29 males) were enrolled with an age range of 12-55 years (mean 31.41 ± 10.33). Both methods significantly increased skin hydration and TEWL (P < .001). The capacitance value significantly increased immediately after bathing, and then rapidly decreased within 3 minutes. It returned to baseline by 10 minutes after bathing. There was no statistically significant difference of capacitance between the two methods at any measurement (P > .05). TEWL at every measurement after bathing was significantly increased compared to baseline for both bathing methods (P < .001). The highest TEWL was observed immediately after bathing, but then significantly decreased compared to the previous measurement (P < .001). CONCLUSION Immersion and showering similarly demonstrated significant increase in skin hydration and TEWL. The increment of capacitance after bathing returned to baseline level within 10 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattanavalai Nitiyarom
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lillada Anuntarumporn
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanee Wisuthsarewong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Stettler H, Crowther JM, Brandt M, Boxshall A, Lu B, de Salvo R, Laing S, Hennighausen N, Bielfeldt S, Blenkiron P. Multi parametric biophysical assessment of treatment effects on xerotic skin. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1:e21. [PMID: 35664981 PMCID: PMC9060006 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Topical moisturizing products are widely used to alleviate the problems associated with xerotic skin. Their use affects many properties of the stratum corneum (SC) in a complex and interrelated manner. The range of measurement techniques available to the researcher has increased in recent years. However, few studies have looked for correlations between the different techniques for assessing how aspects of xerotic skin change over time as a result of topical moisturizer usage. Objectives A 3‐week in vivo study using an oil‐in‐water based moisturizing product and an untreated site was conducted to determine the clinical significance of and any correlations between a range of different approaches for the measurement of skin lipid content and also skin hydration and visual grading of dry skin. Methods A range of traditional and more recently developed skin measurement techniques have been used to examine a variety of SC properties in normal and xerotic skin during topical moisturizer usage. Results In vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy and analysis of SC lipids from tape strips both showed an increase in SC lipid level and organization after 3 weeks of moisturizer usage on xerotic skin. Hydration, measured both optically and electrically, also increased and skin barrier function improved, with strong correlations between the different measures of dryness being observed. Conclusions Strong correlations were observed between the skin measurements for lipid assessment and skin hydration with regard to the assessment of xerotic skin, providing valuable new information for future in vivo clinical research into dry and atopic skin. Keywords biophysical assessment, skin barrier, skin hydration, topical moisturizers, Xerosis
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stettler
- Bayer Consumer Care AG Basel Switzerland
| | | | - M Brandt
- proDERM GmbH Schenefeld/Hamburg Germany
| | | | - B Lu
- Bayer Healthcare SAS Gaillard France
| | - R de Salvo
- Bayer Consumer Care AG Basel Switzerland
| | - S Laing
- proDERM GmbH Schenefeld/Hamburg Germany
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Design and Analysis of a Continuous and Non-Invasive Multi-Wavelength Optical Sensor for Measurement of Dermal Water Content. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21062162. [PMID: 33808821 PMCID: PMC8003651 DOI: 10.3390/s21062162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dermal water content is an important biophysical parameter in preserving skin integrity and preventing skin damage. Traditional electrical-based and open-chamber evaporimeters have several well-known limitations. In particular, such devices are costly, sizeable, and only provide arbitrary outputs. They also do not permit continuous and non-invasive monitoring of dermal water content, which can be beneficial for various consumer, clinical, and cosmetic purposes. We report here on the design and development of a digital multi-wavelength optical sensor that performs continuous and non-invasive measurement of dermal water content. In silico investigation on porcine skin was carried out using the Monte Carlo modeling strategy to evaluate the feasibility and characterize the sensor. Subsequently, an in vitro experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of the sensor and benchmark its accuracy against a high-end, broad band spectrophotometer. Reference measurements were made against gravimetric analysis. The results demonstrate that the developed sensor can deliver accurate, continuous, and non-invasive measurement of skin hydration through measurement of dermal water content. Remarkably, the novel design of the sensor exceeded the performance of the high-end spectrophotometer due to the important denoising effects of temporal averaging. The authors believe, in addition to wellbeing and skin health monitoring, the designed sensor can particularly facilitate disease management in patients presenting diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, malnutrition, and atopic dermatitis.
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