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Kamau CN, Majiwa EB, Otieno GO, Kabuage LW. Intention to adopt improved indigenous chicken breeds among smallholder farmers in Machakos county, Kenya. Do socio-psychological factors matter? Heliyon 2023; 9:e22381. [PMID: 38027715 PMCID: PMC10679501 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of poultry meat, eggs, and other animal-sourced commodities has dramatically risen by almost 86 %, with the demand of indigenous chicken products almost doubling over the past few decades. In Kenya, poultry farmers prefer indigenous chicken (IC) due to their resilience to harsh climatic conditions, high feed conversion rates, delicious end products, ability to scavenge and potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions among other factors. Despite the high demand for poultry and its products, the gap between demand and production remains high. Poultry farmers try to keep pace with the demand by integrating the recommended improved IC breeds into their production system. Although there exists some understanding on the determinants of the farmers to adopt improved IC, still there is scanty information on how socio-psychological factors influence the intention to adoption improved IC among the farmers in Kenya. Thus, this study sought to investigate the determinants of intention to adopt improved IC while specially focusing on the role of socio-psychological factors. A total of 374 IC farmers in Machakos county were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the data. Results from descriptive statistics showed that approximately 90 % of IC farmers in the study area were aware of the improved indigenous chicken breeds. However, the adoption of the improved IC was below average (44.9 %). The path analysis results revealed that Subjective Norm (SN) was the main determinant of farmer's intention to adopt improved IC breeds, followed by Attitude (ATT) and Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC). The study recommends more emphasis to be given to psycho-social issues through well designed public and private interventions that will promote adoption of improved breeds among IC farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N. Kamau
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Kenyatta University, P.O BOX 43844, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eucabeth B. Majiwa
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O BOX 62000, 00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey O. Otieno
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O BOX 62000, 00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lucy W. Kabuage
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O BOX 43844, Nairobi, Kenya
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2
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Tan L, Zhou Y, Qiu Y, Lei L, Wang C, Zhu P, Duan D, Lei H, Yang L, Wang N, Yang Y, Yao J, Wang W, Wang A. Pseudorabies in pig industry of China: Epidemiology in pigs and practitioner awareness. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:973450. [PMID: 36213396 PMCID: PMC9536195 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.973450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is widely prevalent in China, which can transmit from pigs to other mammals. Moreover, a PRV variant isolated from an acute human encephalitis case was documented recently. It is imperative to investigate PRV epidemiology in pigs, the knowledge regarding pseudorabies (PR) and self-protection behaviors upon working among relevant practitioners including pig farmers, pig cutters, and pork salesman. In the present study, 18,812 pig serum samples and 1,634 tissue samples were collected from Hunan Province during the period of 2020 to 2021 for detecting the presence of PRV gE-special antibody and nucleic acids, respectively. Meanwhile, we conducted a questionnaire survey about PR among these practitioners in China. The results showed that nearly 9% (1,840/20,192) pigs from 161 collected sites (20.17%, 161/797) were seropositive for PRV-gE antibody. Though only 2.33% tissue samples were positive for PRV nucleic acids, all the representative PRV strains were variant. It was learned that most practitioners were frequently injured when working, the injured sites mainly included hand and foot. Among the three transmission routes of PRV, the aerosol transmission route was often overlooked. Moreover, the workers lacked self-protection awareness and were poor conscious about PRV and its potential threat to humans. All the results demonstrate that PRV remains widely spread in pig populations, while the potential threats of PRV in pig industry receive less attention, suggesting that targeted educational programs to these people should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Yujun Zhou
- Hunan Sino-science Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Yixing Qiu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Academician Atta-ur-Rahman Belt and Road Traditional Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Xiangxi Prefecture Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Products Affairs Center, Xiangxi, China
| | - Pei Zhu
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Deyong Duan
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Hongyu Lei
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Lincheng Yang
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Naidong Wang
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Yao
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Academician Atta-ur-Rahman Belt and Road Traditional Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Wei Wang
| | - Aibing Wang
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
- PCB Biotechnology LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
- Aibing Wang
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Tang H, Fournié G, Li J, Zou L, Shen C, Wang Y, Cai C, Edwards J, Robertson ID, Huang B, Bruce M. Analysis of the movement of live broilers in Guangxi, China and implications for avian influenza control. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e775-e787. [PMID: 34693647 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most Chinese provinces have a daily-updated database of live animal movements; however, the data are not efficiently utilized to support interventions to control H7N9 and other avian influenzas. Based on official records, this study assessed the spatio-temporal patterns of live broilers moved out of and within Guangxi in 2017. The yearly and monthly networks were analyzed for inter- and intra-provincial movements, respectively. Approximately 200,000 movements occurred in 2017, involving the transport of 200 million live broilers from Guangxi. Although Guangxi exported to 24 out of 32 provinces of China, 95% of inter-provincial movements occurred with three bordering provinces. Within Guangxi, counties were highly connected through the live broiler movements, creating conditions for rapid virus spreading throughout the province. Interestingly, a peak in movements during the Chinese Lunar New Year celebrations, late January in 2017, was not observed in this study, likely due to H7N9-related control measures constraining live bird trading. Both intra- and inter-provincial movements in March 2017 were significantly higher than in other months of that year, suggesting that dramatic price changes may influence the movement's network and reshape the risk pathways. However, despite these variations, the same small proportion of counties (less than 20%) exporting/importing more than 90% of inter- and intra-provincial movements remains the same throughout the year. Interventions, particularly surveillance and improving biosecurity, targeted to those counties are thus likely to be more effective for avian influenza risk mitigation than implemented indiscriminately. Additionally, simulations further demonstrated that targeting counties according to their degree or betweenness in the movement network would be the most efficient way to limit disease transmission via broiler movements. The study findings provide evidence to support the design of risk-based control interventions for H7N9 and all other avian influenza viruses in broiler value chains in Guangxi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Jinming Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Lianbin Zou
- Guangxi Centre of Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
| | - Chaojian Shen
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Youming Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Chang Cai
- China Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John Edwards
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Ian D Robertson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoxu Huang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
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Halabi S, Ghosh M, Stevanović S, Rammensee HG, Bertzbach LD, Kaufer BB, Moncrieffe MC, Kaspers B, Härtle S, Kaufman J. The dominantly expressed class II molecule from a resistant MHC haplotype presents only a few Marek's disease virus peptides by using an unprecedented binding motif. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001057. [PMID: 33901176 PMCID: PMC8101999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases pose major threats to humans and other animals, including the billions of chickens that are an important food source as well as a public health concern due to zoonotic pathogens. Unlike humans and other typical mammals, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of chickens can confer decisive resistance or susceptibility to many viral diseases. An iconic example is Marek's disease, caused by an oncogenic herpesvirus with over 100 genes. Classical MHC class I and class II molecules present antigenic peptides to T lymphocytes, and it has been hard to understand how such MHC molecules could be involved in susceptibility to Marek's disease, given the potential number of peptides from over 100 genes. We used a new in vitro infection system and immunopeptidomics to determine peptide motifs for the 2 class II molecules expressed by the MHC haplotype B2, which is known to confer resistance to Marek's disease. Surprisingly, we found that the vast majority of viral peptide epitopes presented by chicken class II molecules arise from only 4 viral genes, nearly all having the peptide motif for BL2*02, the dominantly expressed class II molecule in chickens. We expressed BL2*02 linked to several Marek's disease virus (MDV) peptides and determined one X-ray crystal structure, showing how a single small amino acid in the binding site causes a crinkle in the peptide, leading to a core binding peptide of 10 amino acids, compared to the 9 amino acids in all other reported class II molecules. The limited number of potential T cell epitopes from such a complex virus can explain the differential MHC-determined resistance to MDV, but raises questions of mechanism and opportunities for vaccine targets in this important food species, as well as providing a basis for understanding class II molecules in other species including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Halabi
- University of Cambridge, Department of Pathology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Edinburgh, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ghosh
- University of Tübingen, Department of Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- University of Tübingen, Department of Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- University of Tübingen, Department of Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Bernd Kaspers
- Ludwig Maximillians University, Veterinary Faculty, Planegg, Germany
| | - Sonja Härtle
- Ludwig Maximillians University, Veterinary Faculty, Planegg, Germany
| | - Jim Kaufman
- University of Cambridge, Department of Pathology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Edinburgh, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Xue Q, Xie X, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Zhu K, Wu H, Wan Z, Feng Y, Meng H, Zhang J, Zuo P, Song R. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among primary school students in Hubei Province, China. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2021; 120:105735. [PMID: 33235402 PMCID: PMC7676362 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among school-aged children in the Hubei province when children were being confined to their homes. The questionnaire included questions of KAP about COVID-19, depressive and anxiety symptoms scales. Multivariable generalized linear regressions models were applied to estimate the unstandardized regression coefficients (β) of KAP. The awareness rates about COVID-19 were 70.1%-99.5% for all 1650 valid questionnaires. 37.2% of the participants quite worried about being infected with COVID-19. Approximately 96% of them washed hands in certain situations, while 85.6% of them washed hands after coughing or sneezing. Compared to the students without depressive symptoms, those who had depressive symptoms scored lower of total KAP, knowledge, attitudes, and practice. The findings suggest that primary students had a relatively good awareness of COVID-19 during the epidemic, as well as optimistic attitudes and appropriate practices. However, some items of appropriate practices still needed to be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyan Xie
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiheng Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihao Wan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Meng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Pengxiang Zuo
- Department of Nursing, Medical School, University of Shihezi, Shihezi, China
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nursing, Medical School, University of Shihezi, Shihezi, China
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6
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Gupta SD, Fournié G, Hoque MA, Henning J. Factors influencing chicken farmers' decisions to implement prevention and control measures to reduce avian influenza virus spread under endemic conditions. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:194-207. [PMID: 33241659 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing circulation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 poses a threat to both poultry and public health. Adapting the constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework, we investigated perceptions of backyard, commercial broiler and layer chicken farmers to implement HPAI prevention and control measures in Bangladesh. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 on 144 backyard, 106 broiler and 113 layer chicken farms. Using Structural Equation Modelling, we modelled the direct and indirect effects on farmers' perceptions on taking HPAI prevention and control actions. Our results indicate that farmers of different chicken production systems have different decision-making processes. While perceived barriers to the implementation of prevention and control measures (e.g. wearing protective equipment when handling chickens) prevented both broiler and backyard farmers to adopt interventions, perceived benefits of measures (e.g. maintaining high biosecurity will reduce the risk of birds becoming sick) strongly influenced commercial farmers' decisions, but not backyard farmers' decisions. Information provided on HPAI through media, meetings or via information campaigns played an important role in farmers' decision-making in all production systems. Outcomes of this research can be used to tailor advice on HPAI control and prevention to different poultry farming groups by accounting for specific factors influencing their decision-making, instead of using one-size-fit-all communication approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Das Gupta
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - Guillaume Fournié
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Md Ahasanul Hoque
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram (previously Chittagong) Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Joerg Henning
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
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