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Mkulo EM, Wang B, Amoah K, Huang Y, Cai J, Jin X, Wang Z. The current status and development forecasts of vaccines for aquaculture and its effects on bacterial and viral diseases. Microb Pathog 2024; 196:106971. [PMID: 39307198 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The aquaculture sector predicts protein-rich meals by 2040 and has experienced significant economic shifts since 2000. However, challenges emanating from disease control measures, brood stock improvement, feed advancements, hatchery technology, and water quality management due to environmental fluctuations have been taken as major causative agents for hindering the sector's growth. For the past years, aquatic disease prevention and control have principally depended on the use of various antibiotics, ecologically integrated control, other immunoprophylaxis mechanisms, and chemical drugs, but the long-term use of chemicals such as antibiotics not only escalates antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes but also harms the fish and the environments, resulting in drug residues in aquatic products, severely obstructing the growth of the aquaculture sector. The field of science has opened new avenues in basic and applied research for creating and producing innovative and effective vaccines and the enhancement of current vaccines to protect against numerous infectious diseases. Recent advances in vaccines and vaccinology could lead to novel vaccine candidates that can tackle fish diseases, including parasitic organism agents, for which the current vaccinations are inadequate. In this review, we study and evaluate the growing aquaculture production by focusing on the current knowledge, recent progress, and prospects related to vaccinations and immunizations in the aquaculture industry and their effects on treating bacterial and viral diseases. The subject matter covers a variety of vaccines, such as conventional inactivated and attenuated vaccines as well as advanced vaccines, and examines their importance in real-world aquaculture scenarios. To encourage enhanced importation of vaccines for aquaculture sustainability and profitability and also help in dealing with challenges emanating from diseases, national and international scientific and policy initiatives need to be informed about the fundamental understanding of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evodia Moses Mkulo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Kwaku Amoah
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China.
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Agro-Tech Extension Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
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Alathari S, Joseph A, Bolaños LM, Studholme DJ, Jeffries AR, Appenteng P, Duodu KA, Sawyerr EB, Paley R, Tyler CR, Temperton B. In field use of water samples for genomic surveillance of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infecting tilapia fish in Lake Volta, Ghana. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17605. [PMID: 39011377 PMCID: PMC11248997 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral outbreaks are a constant threat to aquaculture, limiting production for better global food security. A lack of diagnostic testing and monitoring in resource-limited areas hinders the capacity to respond rapidly to disease outbreaks and to prevent viral pathogens becoming endemic in fisheries productive waters. Recent developments in diagnostic testing for emerging viruses, however, offers a solution for rapid in situ monitoring of viral outbreaks. Genomic epidemiology has furthermore proven highly effective in detecting viral mutations involved in pathogenesis and assisting in resolving chains of transmission. Here, we demonstrate the application of an in-field epidemiological tool kit to track viral outbreaks in aquaculture on farms with reduced access to diagnostic labs, and with non-destructive sampling. Inspired by the "lab in a suitcase" approach used for genomic surveillance of human viral pathogens and wastewater monitoring of COVID19, we evaluated the feasibility of real-time genome sequencing surveillance of the fish pathogen, Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) in Lake Volta. Viral fractions from water samples collected from cages holding Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with suspected ongoing ISKNV infections were concentrated and used as a template for whole genome sequencing, using a previously developed tiled PCR method for ISKNV. Mutations in ISKNV in samples collected from the water surrounding the cages matched those collected from infected caged fish, illustrating that water samples can be used for detecting predominant ISKNV variants in an ongoing outbreak. This approach allows for the detection of ISKNV and tracking of the dynamics of variant frequencies, and may thus assist in guiding control measures for the rapid isolation and quarantine of infected farms and facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayma Alathari
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Joseph
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Luis M Bolaños
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David J Studholme
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron R Jeffries
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Appenteng
- Fisheries Commission, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwaku A Duodu
- Fisheries Commission, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Accra, Ghana
| | - Eric B Sawyerr
- Fisheries Commission, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard Paley
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- University of Exeter, Sustainable Aquaculture Futures Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Temperton
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Dandi SO, Abarike ED, Abobi SM, Doke DA, Lyche JL, Addo S, Edziyie RE, Obiakara-Amaechi AI, Øystein E, Mutoloki S, Cudjoe KS. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Antibiotic Use among Small-, Medium-, and Large-Scale Fish Farmers of the Stratum II of the Volta Lake of Ghana. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:582. [PMID: 39061263 PMCID: PMC11273686 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic residue in food products and the resulting antibiotic-resistant bacteria represent a significant global public health threat. The misuse of antibiotics is a primary contributor to this issue. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use among cage fish farmers on Ghana's Volta Lake. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 91 cage fish farmers across three scales: small, medium, and large. A semi-structured questionnaire complemented by personal observations provided comprehensive data. We used several statistical methods for analysis: Pearson Chi-Square and Spearman correlation tests to examine relationships and trends among variables, logistic regression to analyze variable interactions, and Cronbach's alpha to check internal consistency. Additionally, Kendall's coefficient was used to rank challenges, utilizing STATA and SPSS for these calculations. RESULTS The survey revealed that 58.55% of cage fish farmers earn an average of 10,000 USD annually, with 35.16% having over 16 years of experience. From the survey, all sampled populations admitted to antibiotic applications in their farming operation. Knowledge of antibiotic types was mainly influenced by peers (46.15%), with tetracycline being the most recognized and used. There was a significant reliance on the empirical use of antibiotics, with 52.75% of farmers using them based on personal experience and 40.66% without a prescription. When initial treatments failed, 41.76% of the farmers would change or combine drugs. Older farmers (over 51 years) and those with tertiary education demonstrated significantly better KAP scores regarding antibiotic use. Strong correlations were also found among knowledge, attitudes, and practices in antibiotic usage. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate a need for improved education on antibiotic use among fish farmers to reduce misuse and enhance awareness of the potential consequences. This study provides foundational data for designing interventions to address these issues in the context of cage fish farming on Volta Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel O. Dandi
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL 1350, Ghana; (S.O.D.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Emmanuel D. Abarike
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL 1350, Ghana; (S.O.D.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Seth M. Abobi
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL 1350, Ghana; (S.O.D.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Dzigbodi A. Doke
- Department of Environment and Sustainability, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL 1350, Ghana;
| | - Jan L. Lyche
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway; (J.L.L.); (E.Ø.); (S.M.)
| | - Samuel Addo
- Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 25, Ghana;
| | - Regina E. Edziyie
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi P.O. Box Up 1279, Ghana;
| | | | - Evensen Øystein
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway; (J.L.L.); (E.Ø.); (S.M.)
| | - Stephen Mutoloki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway; (J.L.L.); (E.Ø.); (S.M.)
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Kawato Y, Mizuno K, Harakawa S, Takada Y, Yoshihara Y, Kawakami H, Ito T. Risk assessment of wild fish as environmental sources of red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) outbreaks in aquaculture. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2024; 158:65-74. [PMID: 38661138 DOI: 10.3354/dao03788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) causes substantial economic damage to aquaculture. In the present study, RSIV in wild fish near aquaculture installations was surveyed to evaluate the risk of wild fish being an infection source for RSIV outbreaks in cultured fish. In total, 1102 wild fish, consisting of 44 species, were captured from 2 aquaculture areas in western Japan using fishing, gill nets, and fishing baskets between 2019 and 2022. Eleven fish from 7 species were confirmed to harbor the RSIV genome using a probe-based real-time PCR assay. The mean viral load of the RSIV-positive wild fish was 101.1 ± 0.4 copies mg-1 DNA, which was significantly lower than that of seemingly healthy red sea bream Pagrus major in a net pen during an RSIV outbreak (103.3 ± 1.5 copies mg-1 DNA) that occurred in 2021. Sequencing analysis of a partial region of the major capsid protein gene demonstrated that the RSIV genome detected in the wild fish was identical to that of the diseased fish in a fish farm located in the same area in which the wild fish were captured. Based on the diagnostic records of RSIV in the sampled area, the RSIV-infected wild fish appeared during or after the RSIV outbreak in cultured fish, suggesting that RSIV detected in wild fish was derived from the RSIV outbreak in cultured fish. Therefore, wild fish populations near aquaculture installations may not be a significant risk factor for RSIV outbreaks in cultured fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Kawato
- Pathology Division, Nansei Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Mie 519-0193, Japan
| | - Kaori Mizuno
- Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime 798-0087, Japan
| | | | - Yuzo Takada
- Pathology Division, Nansei Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Mie 519-0193, Japan
| | | | | | - Takafumi Ito
- Pathology Division, Nansei Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Mie 519-0193, Japan
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Duodu S, Ayiku ANA, Adelani AA, Daah DA, Amoako EK, Jansen MD, Cudjoe KS. Serotype distribution, virulence and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from cultured tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Lake Volta, Ghana. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2024; 158:27-36. [PMID: 38661135 DOI: 10.3354/dao03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae infection is one of the major factors limiting the expansion of tilapia farming globally. In this study, we investigated the serotype distribution, virulence and antimicrobial resistance of S. agalactiae isolates from tilapia farmed in Lake Volta, Ghana. Isolates from 300 moribund fish were characterised by Gram staining, MALDI-TOF/MS and 16S rRNA sequencing. Serotype identification was based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the capsular polysaccharide genes. Detection of virulence genes (cfb, fbsA and cspA) and histopathology were used to infer the pathogenicity of the isolates. The susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay. All 32 isolates identified as S. agalactiae were of serotype Ia. This was notably different from isolates previously collected from the farms in 2017, which belonged to serotype Ib, suggesting a possible serotype replacement. The prevalence of the pathogen was related to the scale of farm operation, with large-scale farms showing higher S. agalactiae positivity. Data from histopathological analysis and PCR amplification of targeted virulence genes confirmed the virulence potential and ability of the isolates to cause systemic infection in tilapia. Except for gentamicin, the majority of the isolates were less resistant to the tested antibiotics. All isolates were fully sensitive to oxytetracycline, erythromycin, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, ampicillin and amoxicillin. This study has improved our understanding of the specific S. agalactiae serotypes circulating in Lake Volta and demonstrates the need for continuous monitoring to guide the use of antimicrobials and vaccines against streptococcal infections in Ghanaian aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Duodu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Angela N A Ayiku
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Abigail A Adelani
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Derrick A Daah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Enock K Amoako
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Mona D Jansen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Elizabeth Stephansons vei 1, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Kofitsyo S Cudjoe
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Elizabeth Stephansons vei 1, 1433 Ås, Norway
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Vega-Heredia S, Giffard-Mena I, Reverter M. Bacterial and viral co-infections in aquaculture under climate warming: co-evolutionary implications, diagnosis, and treatment. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2024; 158:1-20. [PMID: 38602294 DOI: 10.3354/dao03778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and the associated environmental temperature fluctuations are contributing to increases in the frequency and severity of disease outbreaks in both wild and farmed aquatic species. This has a significant impact on biodiversity and also puts global food production systems, such as aquaculture, at risk. Most infections are the result of complex interactions between multiple pathogens, and understanding these interactions and their co-evolutionary mechanisms is crucial for developing effective diagnosis and control strategies. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on bacteria-bacteria, virus-virus, and bacterial and viral co-infections in aquaculture as well as their co-evolution in the context of global warming. We also propose a framework and different novel methods (e.g. advanced molecular tools such as digital PCR and next-generation sequencing) to (1) precisely identify overlooked co-infections, (2) gain an understanding of the co-infection dynamics and mechanisms by knowing species interactions, and (3) facilitate the development multi-pathogen preventive measures such as polyvalent vaccines. As aquaculture disease outbreaks are forecasted to increase both due to the intensification of practices to meet the protein demand of the increasing global population and as a result of global warming, understanding and treating co-infections in aquatic species has important implications for global food security and the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarahí Vega-Heredia
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, México, Egresada del Programa de Ecología Molecular y Biotecnología, carretera transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, C.P. 22860, México
| | - Ivone Giffard-Mena
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, México
| | - Miriam Reverter
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
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Rajendran KV, Sood N, Rao BM, Valsalam A, Bedekar MK, Jeena K, Pradhan PK, Paria A, Swaminathan TR, Verma DK, Sood NK. Widespread occurrence of Tilapia parvovirus in farmed Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus from India. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023. [PMID: 37818735 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia parvovirus (TiPV) has been associated with heavy mortalities in tilapia as a single infection or in co-infection with Tilapia lake virus (TiLV). In this study, TiPV was detected in farmed Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, from two geographical regions of India, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. TiPV-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reported earlier was used in the screening. Tilapia collected from Maharashtra showed characteristic clinical signs, and TiPV was detected along with TiLV and/or Aeromonas spp. However, fish from Uttar Pradesh were apparently healthy and only TiPV could be detected in these samples. A high prevalence of TiPV was recorded from both the geographical locations, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh (59.6% and 95.0% respectively). The virus could be detected in tissues such as the spleen, liver, kidney, brain and mucus. The spleen appeared to be the best tissue for detecting TiPV in apparently healthy tilapia. The presence of TiPV was further confirmed through sequencing the PCR products, isolation of the virus in the cell line and electron microscopy. Sequences of the NS1 gene of the two TiPV isolates showed similarity to the earlier reported TiPV isolates. The virus could be successfully propagated in O. niloticus Liver (OnL) cell line, and cytopathic effect was observed as early as 3 days post-infection. Furthermore, the presence of non-enveloped icosahedral to round virus particles measuring about 26-35 nm could be demonstrated in the cytoplasm and nucleus of infected OnL cells in transmission electron microscopy. With this confirmation of the presence of the virus, India is the third country to report TiPV after China and Thailand. The detection of TiPV in co-infection cases with TiLV and in apparently healthy Nile tilapia suggests its wide distribution and potential synergistic effect in co-infection cases. Therefore, this emerging virus needs holistic attention to understand its virulence, host-specificity and epidemiological risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neeraj Sood
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - B Madhusudhana Rao
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Maharashtra, Mumbai, India
| | - Anisha Valsalam
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Maharashtra, Mumbai, India
| | - Megha K Bedekar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Maharashtra, Mumbai, India
| | - Kezhedath Jeena
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Maharashtra, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Anutosh Paria
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Dev Kumar Verma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Sood
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Punjab, Ludhiana, India
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8
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Niu Y, Fu X, Lin Q, Liang H, Luo X, Zuo S, Liu L, Li N. Epidermal growth factor receptor promotes infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus invasion via PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37561118 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus disease (ISKNVD) caused significant economic losses to the fishery industry. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) played an important role in ISKNV invasion. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms among EGFR, PI3K-Akt, and ISKNV invasion are not clear. In this study, ISKNV infection rapidly induced EGFR activation. While, EGFR activation promoted virus entry, but EGFR inhibitors and specific RNA (siRNA) decreased virus invasion. The PI3K-Akt as downstream signalling of EGFR was activated upon ISKNV infection. Consistent with the trends of EGFR, Akt activation increased ISKNV entry into cells, Akt inhibition by specific inhibitor or siRNA decreased ISKNV invasion. Akt silencing combination with EGFR activation showed that EGFR activation regulation ISKNV invasion is required for activation of the Akt signalling pathway. Those data demonstrated that ISKNV-induced EGFR activation positively regulated virus invasion by PI3K-Akt pathway and provided a better understanding of the mechanism of EGFR-PI3K-Akt involved in ISKNV invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Niu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Fu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Hongru Liang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Xia Luo
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Shaozhi Zuo
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Ningqiu Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
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9
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Obirikorang KA, Appiah-Kubi R, Adjei-Boateng D, Sekey W, Duodu CP. Acute hyperthermia and hypoxia tolerance of two improved strains of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:21. [PMID: 37676332 PMCID: PMC10441896 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia production in Ghana has been hit with episodes of stress and pathogen-induced mass fish kills which have anecdotally been linked to the culture of illegally imported Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. This study was thus set up to comprehensively assess the stress tolerance of the GIFT strain and a native strain of Nile tilapia (the Akosombo strain) following exposures to hyperthermic and hypoxic stressors. In a series of experiments, oxygen consumption (MO2), aquatic surface respiration (ASR), thermal limits and hypoxia tolerance were assessed. The effects of these stressors on haematological parameters were also assessed. The GIFT strain was less tolerant of hypoxia and performed ASR at higher O2 levels than the Akosombo strain. Under progressive hypoxia, the GIFT strain exhibited higher gill ventilations frequencies (fV) than the Akosombo strain. The thermal tolerance trial indicated that the Akosombo strain of O. niloticus has higher thermotolerance than the GIFT strain and this was reflective in the higher LT50 (45.1℃) and LTmax (48℃), compared to LT50 and LTmax of 41.5℃ and 46℃ respectively. These results imply that it is crucial to consider how the GIFT strain performs under various environmental conditions and changes during culture. Particularly, raising the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia in earthen ponds rich in phytoplankton and subject to protracted episodes of extreme hypoxia may have a detrimental physiological impact on its growth and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwasi Adu Obirikorang
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, University Post Office, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Richard Appiah-Kubi
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, University Post Office, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Adjei-Boateng
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, University Post Office, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wonder Sekey
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, University Post Office, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Collins Prah Duodu
- Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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10
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Fu W, Li Y, Fu Y, Zhang W, Luo P, Sun Q, Yu F, Weng S, Li W, He J, Dong C. The Inactivated ISKNV-I Vaccine Confers Highly Effective Cross-Protection against Epidemic RSIV-I and RSIV-II from Cultured Spotted Sea Bass Lateolabrax maculatus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0449522. [PMID: 37222626 PMCID: PMC10269448 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04495-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Megalocytivirus of the family Iridoviridae is composed of two distinct species, namely, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) and scale drop disease virus (SDDV), and both are important causative agents in a variety of bony fish worldwide. Of them, the ISKNV species is subdivided into three genotypes, namely, red seabream iridovirus (RSIV), ISKNV, and turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), and a further six subgenotypes, RSIV-I, RSIV-II, ISKNV-I, ISKNV-II, TRBIV-I, and TRBIV-II. Commercial vaccines derived from RSIV-I , RSIV-II and ISKNV-I have been available to several fish species. However, studies regarding the cross-protection effect among different genotype or subgenotype isolates have not been fully elucidated. In this study, RSIV-I and RSIV-II were demonstrated as the causative agents in cultured spotted seabass, Lateolabrax maculatus, through serial robust evidence, including cell culture-based viral isolation, whole-genome determination and phylogeny analysis, artificial challenge, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence as well as transmission electron microscope observation. Thereafter, a formalin-killed cell (FKC) vaccine generated from an ISKNV-I isolate was prepared to evaluate the protective effects against two spotted seabass original RSIV-I and RSIV-II. The result showed that the ISKNV-I-based FKC vaccine conferred almost complete cross-protection against RSIV-I and RSIV-II as well as ISKNV-I itself. No serotype difference was observed among RSIV-I, RSIV-II, and ISKNV-I. Additionally, the mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi is proposed as an ideal infection and vaccination fish species for the study of various megalocytiviral isolates. IMPORTANCE Red seabream iridovirus (RSIV) infects a wide mariculture bony fish and has resulted in significant annual economic loss worldwide. Previous studies showed that the phenotypic diversity of infectious RSIV isolates would lead to different virulence characteristics, viral antigenicity, and vaccine efficacy as well as host range. Importantly, it is still doubted whether a universal vaccine could confer the same highly protective effect against various genotypic isolates. Our study here presented enough experimental evidence that a water in oil (w/o) formation of inactivated ISKNV-I vaccine could confer almost complete protection against RSIV-I and RSIV-II as well as ISKNV-I itself. Our study provides valuable data for better understanding the differential infection and immunity among different genotypes of ISKNV and RSIV isolates in the genus Megalocytivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol (Guangzhou, SYSU)/Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai, SMST-GDL), School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhuhai Modern Agriculture Development Center, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yuting Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol (Guangzhou, SYSU)/Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai, SMST-GDL), School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol (Guangzhou, SYSU)/Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai, SMST-GDL), School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Panpan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol (Guangzhou, SYSU)/Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai, SMST-GDL), School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol (Guangzhou, SYSU)/Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai, SMST-GDL), School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangzhao Yu
- Zhuhai Modern Agriculture Development Center, Zhuhai, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol (Guangzhou, SYSU)/Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai, SMST-GDL), School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wangdong Li
- Zhuhai Modern Agriculture Development Center, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol (Guangzhou, SYSU)/Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai, SMST-GDL), School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanfu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol (Guangzhou, SYSU)/Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai, SMST-GDL), School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Prasartset T, Surachetpong W. Simultaneous detection of three important viruses affecting tilapia using a multiplex PCR assay. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:459-464. [PMID: 36441848 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tharinthon Prasartset
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Fusianto CK, Becker JA, Subramaniam K, Whittington RJ, Koda SA, Waltzek TB, Murwantoko, Hick PM. Genotypic Characterization of Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV) in Southeast Asian Aquaculture. Transbound Emerg Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/6643006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is a species within the genus Megalocytivirus (family Iridoviridae), which causes high mortality disease in many freshwater and marine fish species. ISKNV was first reported in Asia and is an emerging threat to aquaculture with increasing global distribution, in part due to its presence in ornamental fish with clinical and subclinical infections. The species ISKNV includes three genotypes: red seabream iridovirus (RSIV), turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), and ISKNV. There is an increasing overlap in the recognized range of susceptible fish hosts and the geographic distribution of these distinct genotypes. To better understand the disease caused by ISKNV, a nucleic acid hybridization capture enrichment was used prior to sequencing to characterize whole genomes from archived clinical specimens of aquaculture and ornamental fish from Southeast Asia (n = 16). The method was suitable for tissue samples containing 2.50 × 104–4.58 × 109 ISKNV genome copies mg−1. Genome sequences determined using the hybridization capture method were identical to those obtained directly from tissues when there was sufficient viral DNA to sequence without enrichment (n = 2). ISKNV genomes from diverse locations, environments, and hosts had very high similarity and matched established genotype classifications (14 ISKNV genotype Clade 1 genomes with >98.81% nucleotide similarity). Conversely, two different genotypes were obtained at the same time and location (RSIV and ISKNV from grouper, Indonesia with 92.44% nucleotide similarity). Gene-by-gene analysis with representative ISKNV genomes identified 59 core genes within the species (>95% amino acid identity). The 14 Clade 1 ISKNV genomes in this study had 100% aa identity for 92–105 of 122 predicted genes. Despite high overall sequence similarity, phylogenetic analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms differentiated isolates from different host species, country of origin, and time of collection. Whole genome studies of ISKNV and other megalocytiviruses enable genomic epidemiology and will provide information to enhance disease control in aquaculture.
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13
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Koda SA, Subramaniam K, Hick PM, Hall E, Waltzek TB, Becker JA. Partial validation of a TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the detection of the three genotypes of Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281292. [PMID: 36735738 PMCID: PMC9897559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Megalocytiviruses (MCVs) are double-stranded DNA viruses known to infect important freshwater and marine fish species in the aquaculture, food, and ornamental fish industries worldwide. Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is the type species within the genus Megalocytivirus that causes red seabream iridoviral disease (RSIVD) which is a reportable disease to the World Animal Health Organization (WOAH). To better control the transboundary spread of this virus and support WOAH reporting requirements, we developed and partially validated a TaqMan real-time qPCR assay (ISKNV104R) to detect all three genotypes of ISKNV, including the two genotypes that cause RSIVD. Parameters averaged across 48 experiments used a 10-fold dilution series of linearized plasmid DNA (107-101 copies), carrying a fragment of the three-spot gourami iridovirus (TSGIV) hypothetical protein revealed that the assay was linear over 7 orders of magnitude (107-101), a mean efficiency of 99.97 ± 2.92%, a mean correlation coefficient of 1.000 ± 0.001, and a limit of detection (analytical sensitivity) of ≤10 copies of TSGIV DNA. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the ISKNV104R qPCR assay was evaluated and compared to other published assays using a panel of 397 samples from 21 source populations with different prevalence of ISKNV infection (0-100%). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the ISKNV104R qPCR assay was 91.99% (87.28-95.6; 95% CI) and 89.8% (83.53-94.84). The latent class analysis showed that the ISKNV104R qPCR assay had similar diagnostic sensitivities and specificities with overlapping confidence limits compared to a second TaqMan qPCR assay and a SYBR green assay. This newly developed TaqMan assay represents a partially validated qPCR assay for the detection of the three genotypes of the species ISKNV. The ISKNV104R qPCR assay once fully validated, will serve as an improved diagnostic tool that can be used for ISKNV surveillance efforts and diagnosis in subclinical fish to prevent further spread of MCVs throughout the aquaculture and ornamental fish industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Koda
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kuttichantran Subramaniam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Hick
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Evelyn Hall
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas B. Waltzek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JAB); (TBW)
| | - Joy A. Becker
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail: (JAB); (TBW)
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14
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Li Y, Huang Y, Cai J, Jiang D, Jian JC, Lu YS, Wang B. Establishment of an astrocyte-like cell line from the brain of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for virus pathogenesis and a vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:1451-1462. [PMID: 35758189 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new cell line was established from the brain of a cultured fish, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), designated as TA-02 (Tilapia Astrocyte clone 02 cell line). The TA-02 cells are grown for 300 days in an L-15 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). This cell line showed excellent proliferative capacity and expressed various neuroglial cell markers, including SOX2, SOX10, Hes1, Notch1, Occludin, E-cadherin, and GFAP. In addition, TA-02 cells were susceptible to Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) as demonstrated by the presence of a severe cytopathic effect (CPE), virus particle in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and PCR positive signal. Bacterial cytotoxicity studies showed that Streptococcus agalactiae was toxic to TA-02 cells. When co-culture with trans-well, TA-02 exhibited prominent barrier properties, manifested by tight intercellular junctions and increased trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). In addition, the barrier is effective against Escherichia coli (non-meningitis pathogenic bacteria). In contrast, S. agalactiae (meningitis pathogenic bacteria) can pass through the membrane comprising the cells in the trans-well insert. The newly established TA-02 cell line provided a valuable tool for virus pathogenesis and a vitro model of the fish blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jia Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Dongneng Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Chang Jian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Shan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Bei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
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15
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Abarike ED, Atuna RA, Agyekum S, Akongyuure DN, Alhassan EH. Isolation and Characterization of Aeromonas jandaei from Nile Tilapia in Lake Volta, Ghana, and Its Response to Antibiotics and Herbal Extracts. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2022; 34:140-148. [PMID: 36165569 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Production of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus contributes to economic growth in many countries. However, there has been a decline in its production over the years due to the influx of bacterial infections, with Aeromonas jandaei as an emerging threat. In this study, we identified and characterized A. jandaei from cage-cultured Nile Tilapia in Akosombo Stratum II of Lake Volta in Ghana and evaluated its response to commonly used antibiotics using the disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods for herbal extracts at various concentrations (10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 mg/mL). The herbs considered included guava Psidium guajava leaf, bitter leaf Vernonia amygdalina, neem Azadirachta indica leaf, and their cocktail (GBNL in the ratio of 1:1:1). The bacterium was isolated from swab samples from the head kidneys of 27 moribund Nile Tilapia collected from nine fish farms. Samples were screened for A. jandaei by culturing and identification using morphological and molecular techniques. The bacterium isolate from fish in the study, identified as A. jandaei GH-AS II, had 92-93% identity to A. jandaei reference strains. Infection of healthy Nile Tilapia (n = 210) with the bacterium isolate showed that 1.0 × 105 CFU/mL was the lethal dose causing 50% mortality. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that A. jandaei GH-AS II was resistant to tetracycline and ampicillin. Herbal extracts at the various concentrations inhibited the growth of the bacterium isolate, with a significant increment in the zones of inhibition with increasing concentrations of leaf extracts. However, GBNL showed prominence compared to the other extracts only at 100 mg/mL. Management of A. jandaei GH-AS II by using herbal extracts at Nile Tilapia farms in Lake Volta may be recommended since the use of antibiotics, such as tetracycline and ampicillin, may not yield the needed result.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Abarike
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - R A Atuna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - S Agyekum
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - D N Akongyuure
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - E H Alhassan
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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16
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Dong HT, Sangpo P, Dien LT, Mai TT, Linh NV, Del-Pozo J, Salin KR, Senapin S. Usefulness of the pancreas as a prime target for histopathological diagnosis of Tilapia parvovirus (TiPV) infection in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:1323-1331. [PMID: 35638102 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia parvovirus (TiPV) is an emerging virus reportedly associated with disease and mortality in farmed tilapia. Although previous descriptions of histopathological changes are available, the lesions reported in these are not pathognomonic. Here, we report Cowdry type A inclusion bodies (CAIB) in the pancreas as a diagnostic histopathological feature found in adult Nile tilapia naturally infected with TiPV. This type of inclusion body has been well-known as a histopathological landmark for the diagnosis of other parvoviral infections in shrimp and terrestrial species. Interestingly, this lesion could be exclusively observed in pancreatic acinar cells, both in the hepatopancreas and pancreatic tissue along the intestine. In situ hybridization (ISH) using a TiPV-specific probe revealed the intranuclear presence of TiPV DNA in multiple tissues, including the liver, pancreas, kidney, spleen, gills and the membrane of oocytes in the ovary. These findings suggest that although TiPV can replicate in several tissue types, CAIB manifest exclusively in pancreatic tissues. In addition to TiPV, most diseased fish were co-infected with Streptococcus agalactiae, and presented with multifocal granulomas secondary to this bacterial infection. Partial genome amplification of TiPV was successful and revealed high nucleotide identity (>99%) to previously reported isolates. In summary, this study highlights the usefulness of pancreatic tissue as a prime target for histopathological diagnosis of TiPV in diseased Nile tilapia. This pattern may be critical when determining the presence of TiPV infection in new geographic areas, where ancillary testing may not be available. TiPV pathogenesis in this landmark organ warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thanh Dong
- AARM/FAB, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pattiya Sangpo
- Fish Heath Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Le Thanh Dien
- Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao Thu Mai
- Division of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Vu Linh
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jorge Del-Pozo
- Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Krishna R Salin
- AARM/FAB, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Fish Heath Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
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17
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Jin Y, Bergmann SM, Mai Q, Yang Y, Liu W, Sun D, Chen Y, Yu Y, Liu Y, Cai W, Dong H, Li H, Yu H, Wu Y, Lai M, Zeng W. Simultaneous Isolation and Identification of Largemouth Bass Virus and Rhabdovirus from Moribund Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Viruses 2022; 14:v14081643. [PMID: 36016264 PMCID: PMC9415833 DOI: 10.3390/v14081643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Largemouth bass is an important commercially farmed fish in China, but the rapid expansion of its breeding has resulted in increased incidence of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites. In this study, moribund largemouth bass containing ulcer foci on body surfaces indicated the most likely pathogens were iridovirus and rhabdovirus members and this was confirmed using a combination of immunohistochemistry, cell culture, electron microscopy and conserved gene sequence analysis. We identified that these fish had been co-infected with these viruses. We observed bullet-shaped virions (100−140 nm long and 50−100 nm in diameter) along with hexagonal virions with 140 nm diameters in cell culture inoculated with tissue homogenates. The viruses were plaque purified and a comparison of the highly conserved regions of the genome of these viruses indicated that they are most similar to largemouth bass virus (LMBV) and hybrid snakehead rhabdovirus (HSHRV), respectively. Regression infection experiments indicated fish mortalities for LMBV-FS2021 and HSHRV-MS2021 were 86.7 and 11.1%, respectively. While co-infection resulted in 93.3% mortality that was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the single infections even though the viral loads differed by >100-fold. Overall, we simultaneously isolated and identified LMBV and a HSHRV-like virus from diseased largemouth bass, and our results can provide novel ideas for the prevention and treatment of combined virus infection especially in largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China; (Y.J.); (Q.M.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.); (D.S.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.D.); (H.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Sven M. Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-InselRiems, Germany;
| | - Qianyi Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China; (Y.J.); (Q.M.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.); (D.S.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.D.); (H.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Ying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China; (Y.J.); (Q.M.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.); (D.S.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.D.); (H.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China; (Y.J.); (Q.M.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.); (D.S.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.D.); (H.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Dongli Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China; (Y.J.); (Q.M.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.); (D.S.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.D.); (H.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China; (Y.J.); (Q.M.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.); (D.S.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.D.); (H.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yingying Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China; (Y.J.); (Q.M.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.); (D.S.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.D.); (H.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China; (Y.J.); (Q.M.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.); (D.S.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.D.); (H.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Wenlong Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Hanxu Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China; (Y.J.); (Q.M.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.); (D.S.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.D.); (H.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China; (Y.J.); (Q.M.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.); (D.S.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.D.); (H.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hui Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China; (Y.J.); (Q.M.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.); (D.S.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.D.); (H.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yali Wu
- Foshan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong, Foshan 528145, China; (Y.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingjian Lai
- Foshan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong, Foshan 528145, China; (Y.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China; (Y.J.); (Q.M.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.); (D.S.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.D.); (H.L.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(0757)-83962672
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Zhang H, Qi H, Weng S, He J, Dong C. Deleting ORF71L of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) resulted in virulence attenuation in Mandarin fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:335-347. [PMID: 35217194 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), the type species of the genus Megalocytivirus, infects a variety of teleost fish species and causes substantial losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. ISKNV ORF71L is 1611 bp in length, encodes a 537-amino-acid peptide and was previously identified as a viral structural protein in the ISKNV virion. In this study, the ORF71L deletion mutant virus strain ISKNV-Δ71 was obtained through a homologous recombination approach. The multistep growth curves showed that ISKNV-Δ71 replication was faster than ISKNV-WT replication in mandarin fish fry cells (MFF-1 cells) before 48 h post-infection (hpi). The cumulative mortality of ISKNV-Δ71-infected mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) was lower than that of fish infected with ISKNV-WT. The copy numbers of viral genome equivalents (GEs) in ISKNV-Δ71-infected mandarin fish spleens were also lower than those in ISKNV-WT-infected spleens. Deletion of ORF71L resulted in ISKNV virulence attenuation in mandarin fish. Furthermore, we found that the number of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) in ISKNV-Δ71-infected mandarin fish spleens was higher than that in ISKNV-WT-infected mandarin fish spleens. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway had the most significant change between ISKNV-Δ71- and ISKNV-WT-infected MFF-1 cells. These results indicated ORF71L is a virulence-related gene of ISKNV. ORF71L could be considered as a potential target for the development of engineered attenuated live vaccines via multigene deletion or as a potential insertion site for exogenous protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hemei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Chuanfu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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19
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Swaminathan TR, Johny TK, Nithianantham SR, Sudhagar A, Pradhan PK, S R KS, Nair RR, Sood N. A natural outbreak of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) threatens wild pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis in Peechi Dam in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1595-e1605. [PMID: 35235241 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A large-scale mortality of pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis was reported from Peechi Dam, an artificial tropical lake made for irrigation and drinking water supply in Kerala, India during 2018. This dam is located in the premises of Western Ghats, recognized as one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. The objective of this study was to identify the aetiological agent of this large-scale mortality of E. suratensis by systematic diagnostic investigation and identification of pathogen. Virus isolation was carried out on a species-specific pearlspot fin (PSF) cell line. Infected PSF cells showed cytopathic effects (CPE) like cell shrinkage, rounding, enlargement, clustering, and subsequent detachment of cells with a high viral titre of 106⋅95 TCID50 mL-1 at 8 days post inoculation (dpi). Histopathological examination of the fish showed the presence of numerous abnormal enlarged basophilic cells and intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in the liver. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed the presence of large numbers of 125-132 nm viral particles in the spleen tissues. PCR amplification and phylogenetic analysis of the major capsid protein (MCP) gene sequence confirmed that the causative agent was Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) of the genus Megalocytivirus. The experimental infection recorded 86.7±2.7% mortality in the E. suratensis (body weight - 11.01±2.7 g; body length 8.01±2.23 cm) injected with 1 × 104⋅25 TCID50 mL-1 ISKNV per fish. Our detailed investigation provided definitive diagnosis of ISKNV in the severe mass mortality event in wild E. suratensis in Peechi Dam, India, adding one more species to expanding host range of ISKNV infection. The high mortality rate of ISKNV infection in pearlspot suggests the perilous nature of this disease, particularly among the wild fish population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj Raja Swaminathan
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR-NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 018, India
| | - Tina Kollannoor Johny
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR-NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 018, India
| | - Sundar Raj Nithianantham
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR-NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 018, India
| | - Arun Sudhagar
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR-NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 018, India
| | - Pravata Kumar Pradhan
- ICAR National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Krupesha Sharma S R
- ICAR Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, 682 018, India
| | - Reshma R Nair
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR-NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 018, India
| | - Neeraj Sood
- ICAR National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
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20
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Yamkasem J, Tattiyapong P, Surachetpong W. Development and application of TaqMan probe-based quantitative PCR assays for the detection of tilapia parvovirus. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:379-386. [PMID: 34871459 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia parvovirus (TiPV) is a novel parvovirus associated with high mortality in Nile tilapia and red hybrid tilapia, leading to severe economic losses for tilapia aquaculture. It is critical to develop a sensitive and accurate assay to detect TiPV in fish tissues. In this study, new TaqMan probe-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays targeting the non-structural (NS) and viral protein (VP) genes of TiPV were developed. The standard curves of the assays were 95.64%-98.96% over a wide linear range of 109 -101 copies of the corresponding standard DNA per reaction. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were in the ranges 0.54%-2.50% and 0.13%-1.17%, respectively, which suggests good repeatability and reproducibility. The detection limit of the TaqMan TiPV assays was 10 copies/µl. The application of the TaqMan qPCR assays to field samples revealed that they had comparable sensitivity to a previously developed SYBR Green qPCR, but more sensitive than the conventional PCR. No cross-reactivity of the TaqMan TiPV assays was found with the samples infected with other viruses and bacteria. Overall, the assays offered high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of low concentrations of TiPV DNA in infected tilapia samples. These new TaqMan qPCR assays could provide a valuable diagnostic tool for the reliable and specific detection of TiPV in experimental and field samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidapa Yamkasem
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puntanat Tattiyapong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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21
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Ragasa C, Charo-Karisa H, Rurangwa E, Tran N, Shikuku KM. Sustainable aquaculture development in sub-Saharan Africa. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:92-94. [PMID: 37117967 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ragasa
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, USA.
| | | | - Eugene Rurangwa
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, IJmuiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Swaminathan TR, Nithyanantham SR, Narendrakumar L, Dharmaratnam A, Sood N, Pradhan PK, Sulumane Ramachandra KS, Lal KK. Co-infection of Lactococcus garvieae and Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus cultured in India. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2021; 147:127-140. [PMID: 34913441 DOI: 10.3354/dao03638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) and Lactococcus garvieae are 2 major pathogens of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. In June-July 2018, a disease outbreak was reported in Nile tilapia cultured in brackish water floating cages in Kerala, India. Affected fish died gradually, and cumulative mortality reached ~75% within 1 mo. In the present study, TiLV and L. garvieae were isolated from the infected fish and confirmed. Nucleotide analysis of the partial sequence of segment 3 revealed that the present TiLV isolate showed 100% similarity with TiLV MF574205 and 97.65% similarity with TiLV KU552135 isolated in Israel. The partial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence of L. garvieae shared 99% similarity with the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence of L. garvieae isolated from Nile tilapia in Brazil. Eight virulence genes (hly1, hly2, hly3, NADH oxidase, adhPav, LPxTG-1, LPxTG-4, adhC1) were amplified in the present isolate. In the experimental challenge study, the onset of mortality started earlier in fish co-infected with TiLV and L. garvieae (3 d post-infection [dpi]) compared to other groups. Cumulative mortality (90% at 12 dpi) was significantly higher in the co-infected group than in fish infected with TiLV (60% at 12 dpi) and L. garvieae (40% at 12 dpi) alone. This study reveals that synergistic co-infection with TiLV and other bacteria may increase mortality in disease outbreaks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported co-infection of L. garvieae with TiLV associated with mass mortality in Nile tilapia in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj Raja Swaminathan
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682 018, India
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23
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Shahin K, Subramaniam K, Camus AC, Yazdi Z, Yun S, Koda SA, Waltzek TB, Pierezan F, Hu R, Soto E. Isolation, Identification and Characterization of a Novel Megalocytivirus from Cultured Tilapia ( Oreochromis spp.) from Southern California, USA. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3524. [PMID: 34944299 PMCID: PMC8697977 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In spring 2019, diseased four-month-old tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) from an aquaculture farm in Southern California, USA were received for diagnostic evaluation with signs of lethargy, anorexia, abnormal swimming, and low-level mortalities. At necropsy, non-specific external lesions were noted including fin erosion, cutaneous melanosis, gill pallor, and coelomic distension. Internal changes included ascites, hepatomegaly, renomegaly, splenomegaly, and multifocal yellow-white nodules in the spleen and kidney. Cultures of spleen and kidney produced bacterial colonies identified as Francisella orientalis. Homogenized samples of gill, brain, liver, spleen, and kidney inoculated onto Mozambique tilapia brain cells (OmB) developed cytopathic effects, characterized by rounding of cells and detaching from the monolayer 6-10 days post-inoculation at 25 °C. Transmission electron microscopy revealed 115.4 ± 5.8 nm icosahedral virions with dense central cores in the cytoplasm of OmB cells. A consensus PCR, targeting the DNA polymerase gene of large double-stranded DNA viruses, performed on cell culture supernatant yielded a sequence consistent with an iridovirus. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated full length major capsid protein and DNA polymerase gene sequences supported the tilapia virus as a novel species within the genus Megalocytivirus, most closely related to scale drop disease virus and European chub iridovirus. An intracoelomic injection challenge in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fingerlings resulted in 39% mortality after 16 days. Histopathology revealed necrosis of head kidney and splenic hematopoietic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Shahin
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; or (Z.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.H.)
- Aquatic Animal Diseases Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Suez P.O. Box 43511, Egypt
| | - Kuttichantran Subramaniam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (K.S.); (S.A.K.); (T.B.W.)
| | - Alvin C. Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Zeinab Yazdi
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; or (Z.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Susan Yun
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; or (Z.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Samantha A. Koda
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (K.S.); (S.A.K.); (T.B.W.)
| | - Thomas B. Waltzek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (K.S.); (S.A.K.); (T.B.W.)
| | - Felipe Pierezan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-010, Brazil;
| | - Ruixue Hu
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; or (Z.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Esteban Soto
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; or (Z.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.H.)
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24
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Swaminathan TR, Raj NS, Preena PG, Pradhan PK, Sood N, Kumar RG, Sudhagar A, Sood NK. Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus-associated large-scale mortality in farmed giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy, in India. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:2043-2053. [PMID: 34449899 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Megalocytivirus cause diseases that have serious economic impacts on aquaculture, mainly in East and South-East Asia. Five primary genotypes are known: infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), threespine stickleback iridovirus (TSIV) and scale drop disease virus (SDDV). ISKNV-mediated infectious spleen and kidney necrosis disease (ISKND) is a major viral disease in both freshwater and marine fish species. In this study, we report the isolation of ISKNV from diseased giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy, in India. Transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections of kidney and spleen revealed the presence of numerous polygonal naked viral particles having an outer nucleocapsid layer within the cytoplasm of enlarged cells (115-125 nm). Molecular and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of ISKNV and the major capsid protein (MCP) (1,362 bp) gene in the infected fish had a high similarity to the other ISKNV-I isolates. Moreover, ISKNV was propagated in the Astronotus ocellatus fin (AOF) cell line and further confirmed genotypically. A high mortality rate (60%) was observed in gourami fish injected with ISKNV-positive tissue homogenate through challenge studies. Considering the lethal nature of ISKNV, the present study spotlights the implementation of stringent biosecurity practices for the proper control of the disease in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj Raja Swaminathan
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Nithianantham Sundar Raj
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Prasannan Geetha Preena
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, India
| | | | - Neeraj Sood
- ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India
| | - Rahul Girish Kumar
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Arun Sudhagar
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Sood
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
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25
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Fu Y, Li Y, Fu W, Su H, Zhang L, Huang C, Weng S, Yu F, He J, Dong C. Scale Drop Disease Virus Associated Yellowfin Seabream ( Acanthopagrus latus) Ascites Diseases, Zhuhai, Guangdong, Southern China: The First Description. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081617. [PMID: 34452481 PMCID: PMC8402775 DOI: 10.3390/v13081617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Scale drop disease virus (SDDV), an emerging piscine iridovirus prevalent in farmed Asian seabass Lates calcarifer in Southeast Asia, was firstly scientifically descripted in Singapore in 2015. Here, an SDDV isolate ZH-06/20 was isolated by inoculating filtered ascites from diseased juvenile yellowfin seabream into MFF-1 cell. Advanced cytopathic effects were observed 6 days post-inoculation. A transmission electron microscopy examination confirmed that numerous virion particles, about 140 nm in diameter, were observed in infected MFF-1 cell. ZH-06/20 was further purified and both whole genome and virion proteome were determined. The results showed that ZH-06/20 was composed of 131,122 bp with 135 putative viral proteins and 113 of them were further detected by virion proteome. Western blot analysis showed that no (or weak) cross-reaction was observed among several major viral proteins between ZH-06/20 and ISKNV-like megalocytivirus. An artificial challenge showed that ZH-06/20 could cause 100% death to juvenile yellowfin seabream. A typical sign was characterized by severe ascites, but not scale drop, which was considerably different from SDD syndrome in Asian seabass. Collectively, SDDV was confirmed, for the first time, as the causative agent of ascites diseases in farmed yellowfin seabream. Our study offers useful information to better understanding SDDV-associated diseases in farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.F.); (L.Z.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; (W.F.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhuhai Modern Agriculture Development Center, Zhuhai 519000, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (F.Y.)
| | - Weixuan Fu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; (W.F.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Huibing Su
- Zhuhai Modern Agriculture Development Center, Zhuhai 519000, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (F.Y.)
| | - Long Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.F.); (L.Z.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; (W.F.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Congling Huang
- Zhuhai Modern Agriculture Development Center, Zhuhai 519000, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (F.Y.)
| | - Shaoping Weng
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; (W.F.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fangzhao Yu
- Zhuhai Modern Agriculture Development Center, Zhuhai 519000, China; (Y.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (F.Y.)
| | - Jianguo He
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.F.); (L.Z.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; (W.F.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (C.D.)
| | - Chuanfu Dong
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; (W.F.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (C.D.)
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Figueiredo HCP, Tavares GC, Dorella FA, Rosa JCC, Marcelino SAC, Pierezan F, Pereira FL. First report of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus in Nile tilapia in Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:3008-3015. [PMID: 34223695 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In June 2020, an atypical fatal outbreak in a Brazilian Nile tilapia farm was investigated. Twenty-three animals were collected and different tissues were used for bacterial isolation, histopathological and electron microscopic examination and viral detection using molecular methods. A large number of megalocytes were observed in the histopathological analysis of several tissues. Icosahedral virions, with a diameter of approximately 160 nm, were visualized inside the megalocytes through transmission electron microscopy of the spleen tissue. The virions were confirmed to be infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) through PCR and sequencing analyses of the fish samples. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus belongs to the Clade 1 of ISKNV. This viral pathogen is associated with high mortality in the early stages of cultured Nile tilapia in the United States, Thailand and Ghana; however, until now, there have been no reports from ISKNV affecting cultured fish in Brazil. Additionally, in 14 out of 23 sampled fish, Streptococcus agalactiae, Edwardsiella tarda or Aeromonas hydrophila infections were also detected. This is the first report of fatal ISKNV infections in the Brazilian Nile tilapia fish farms and represents a new challenge to the aquaculture sector in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique César Pereira Figueiredo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Campos Tavares
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alves Dorella
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Câmara Rosa
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sóstenes Apolo Correia Marcelino
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Felipe Pierezan
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Felipe Luiz Pereira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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27
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Yamkasem J, Tattiyapong P, Gorgoglione B, Surachetpong W. Uncovering the first occurrence of Tilapia parvovirus in Thailand in tilapia during co-infection with Tilapia tilapinevirus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:3136-3144. [PMID: 33960141 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The recently discovered Tilapia parvovirus (TiPV) was the first Parvovirus confirmed to infect fish, causing mortality outbreaks in farmed adult Nile tilapia in China. Severe mortality outbreaks caused by Tilapia tilapinevirus (TiLV) to farmed tilapia in Thailand revealed the concomitant occurrence of TiPV. Out of ten fish farms screened, TiPV was detected in one site rearing juvenile red hybrid tilapia. Clinical signs included abnormal swimming, scale protrusion, skin and muscle haemorrhaging, exophthalmia and generalized anaemia. Histological findings showed extensive infiltration of lymphocytes, with increased melanomacrophage centres in the anterior kidney and spleen, erythrocyte depletion in the spleen and hepatic syncytial cells. Both TiLV and TiPV were systemically distributed in the body of moribund fish. The analysis of the near-complete TiPV genome isolated from Thailand revealed 98.74% sequence identity to the formerly isolated from China, together with a highly conserved and comparable genomic organization and with a 3 nucleotides deletion in the 5-UTR. The viral genome structure was highly conserved for each of its components, with nucleotide and amino acid identity ranging from 100% for ORF1 to 97% for ORF2, and with conserved HuH and Walker loop motifs within NS1. Taken together, our results document the first detection of TiPV outside China, thus for the first time in Thailand. Moreover, TiPV was detected for the first time during a natural occurrence in farmed red hybrid tilapia and involved in co-infection pattern with TiLV. Diagnostic investigations during tilapia disease outbreaks should include the screening for TiPV. Further studies are needed to elucidate TiPV genomic variance, pathobiology, including focussing on the outcomes of TiLV-TiPV co-infection patterns, necessary to enable risk assessment for the worldwide spreading of TiPV and to design adequate control measures against these emerging viruses in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidapa Yamkasem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puntanat Tattiyapong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bartolomeo Gorgoglione
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, CVM & Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, CANR - Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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28
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Basri L, Nor RM, Salleh A, Md. Yasin IS, Saad MZ, Abd. Rahaman NY, Barkham T, Amal MNA. Co-Infections of Tilapia Lake Virus, Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae in Farmed Red Hybrid Tilapia. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2141. [PMID: 33217902 PMCID: PMC7698767 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A high death rate among red hybrid tilapias was observed in a farm in Selangor, Malaysia, in January 2020. The affected fish appeared lethargic, isolated from schooling group, showed loss of appetite, red and haemorrhagic skin, exophthalmia and enlarged gall bladders. Histopathological assessment revealed deformation of kidney tubules, and severe congestion with infiltrations of inflammatory cells in the brains and kidneys. Syncytial cells and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were occasionally observed in the liver and brain sections. Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV), Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae were identified in the affected fish, either through isolation or through PCR and sequencing analysis. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the TiLV strain in this study was closely related to the previously reported Malaysian strain that was isolated in 2019. On the other hand, A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae were closer to Algerian and Brazilian strains, respectively. The multiple antibiotic resistance index for A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae was 0.50 and 0.25, respectively. Co-infections of virus and bacteria in cultured tilapia is a new threat for the tilapia industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukman Basri
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (L.B.); (A.S.); (I.S.M.Y.); (M.Z.S.)
| | - Roslindawani Md. Nor
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.M.N.); (N.Y.A.R.)
| | - Annas Salleh
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (L.B.); (A.S.); (I.S.M.Y.); (M.Z.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.M.N.); (N.Y.A.R.)
| | - Ina Salwany Md. Yasin
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (L.B.); (A.S.); (I.S.M.Y.); (M.Z.S.)
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zamri Saad
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (L.B.); (A.S.); (I.S.M.Y.); (M.Z.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.M.N.); (N.Y.A.R.)
| | - Nor Yasmin Abd. Rahaman
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.M.N.); (N.Y.A.R.)
| | - Timothy Barkham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore;
| | - Mohammad Noor Azmai Amal
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (L.B.); (A.S.); (I.S.M.Y.); (M.Z.S.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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29
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Ramírez-Paredes JG, Paley RK, Hunt W, Feist SW, Stone DM, Field TR, Haydon DJ, Ziddah PA, Nkansa M, Guilder J, Gray J, Duodu S, Pecku EK, Awuni JA, Wallis TS, Verner-Jeffreys DW. First detection of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) associated with massive mortalities in farmed tilapia in Africa. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1550-1563. [PMID: 32920975 PMCID: PMC8246855 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In late 2018, unusual patterns of very high mortality (>50% production) were reported in intensive tilapia cage culture systems across Lake Volta in Ghana. Samples of fish and fry were collected and analysed from two affected farms between October 2018 and February 2019. Affected fish showed darkening, erratic swimming and abdominal distension with associated ascites. Histopathological observations of tissues taken from moribund fish at different farms revealed lesions indicative of viral infection. These included haematopoietic cell nuclear and cytoplasmic pleomorphism with marginalization of chromatin and fine granulation. Transmission electron microscopy showed cells containing conspicuous virions with typical iridovirus morphology, that is enveloped, with icosahedral and/or polyhedral geometries and with a diameter c.160 nm. PCR confirmation and DNA sequencing identified the virions as infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV). Samples of fry and older animals were all strongly positive for the presence of the virus by qPCR. All samples tested negative for TiLV and nodavirus by qPCR. All samples collected from farms prior to the mortality event were negative for ISKNV. Follow‐up testing of fish and fry sampled from 5 additional sites in July 2019 showed all farms had fish that were PCR‐positive for ISKNV, whether there was active disease on the farm or not, demonstrating the disease was endemic to farms all over Lake Volta by that point. The results suggest that ISKNV was the cause of disease on the investigated farms and likely had a primary role in the mortality events. A common observation of coinfections with Streptococcus agalactiae and other tilapia bacterial pathogens further suggests that these may interact to cause severe pathology, particularly in larger fish. Results demonstrate that there are a range of potential threats to the sustainability of tilapia aquaculture that need to be guarded against.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard K Paley
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
| | - William Hunt
- Ridgeway Biologicals Limited a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Compton, UK
| | - Stephen W Feist
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
| | - David M Stone
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
| | - Terence R Field
- Ridgeway Biologicals Limited a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Compton, UK
| | - David J Haydon
- Ridgeway Biologicals Limited a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Compton, UK
| | - Peter A Ziddah
- Fisheries Commission, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mary Nkansa
- Fisheries Commission, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Accra, Ghana
| | - James Guilder
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy S Wallis
- Ridgeway Biologicals Limited a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Compton, UK
| | - David W Verner-Jeffreys
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
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