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Dong K, Ye Z, Hu F, Shan C, Wen D, Cao J. Improvement of plant quality by amino acid transporters: A comprehensive review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109084. [PMID: 39217823 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Amino acids serve as the primary means of transport and organic nitrogen carrier in plants, playing an essential role in plant growth and development. Amino acid transporters (AATs) facilitate the movement of amino acids within plants and have been identified and characterised in a number of species. It has been demonstrated that these amino acid transporters exert an influence on the quality attributes of plants, in addition to their primary function of transporting amino acid transport. This paper presents a summary of the role of AATs in plant quality improvement. This encompasses the enhancement of nitrogen utilization efficiency, root development, tiller number and fruit yield. Concurrently, AATs can bolster the resilience of plants to pests, diseases and abiotic stresses, thereby further enhancing the yield and quality of fruit. AATs exhibit a wide range of substrate specificity, which greatly optimizes the use of pesticides and significantly reduces pesticide residues, and reduces the risk of environmental pollution while increasing the safety of fruit. The discovery of AATs function provides new ideas and ways to cultivate high-quality crop and promote changes in agricultural development, and has great potential in the application of plant quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyi Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaofan Shan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongyu Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Islam SNU, Kouser S, Hassan P, Asgher M, Shah AA, Khan NA. Gamma-aminobutyric acid interactions with phytohormones and its role in modulating abiotic and biotic stress in plants. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:36. [PMID: 39158750 PMCID: PMC11333426 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a ubiquitous non-protein 4-carbon amino acid present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. It is conventionally recognized as a neurotransmitter in mammals and plays a crucial role in plants. The context of this review centers on the impact of GABA in mitigating abiotic stresses induced by climate change, such as drought, salinity, heat, and heavy metal exposure. Beyond its neurotransmitter role, GABA emerges as a key player in diverse metabolic processes, safeguarding plants against multifaceted abiotic as well as biotic challenges. This comprehensive exploration delves into the GABA biosynthetic pathway, its transport mechanisms, and its intricate interplay with various abiotic stresses. The discussion extends to the nuanced relationship between GABA and phytohormones during abiotic stress acclimation, offering insights into the strategic development of mitigation strategies against these stresses. The delineation of GABA's crosstalk with phytohormones underscores its pivotal role in formulating crucial strategies for abiotic stress alleviation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nazar Ul Islam
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 185234, India
| | - Shaista Kouser
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 185234, India
| | - Parveena Hassan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 185234, India
| | - Mohd Asgher
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 185234, India.
| | - Ali Asghar Shah
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 185234, India
| | - Nafees A Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Seong GU, Yun DY, Shin DH, Cho JS, Lee G, Choi JH, Park KJ, Ku KH, Lim JH. Comparative 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics of Traditional Landrace and Disease-Resistant Chili Peppers ( Capsicum annuum L.). Foods 2024; 13:1966. [PMID: 38998472 PMCID: PMC11241277 DOI: 10.3390/foods13131966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are economically valuable crops belonging to the Solanaceae family and are popular worldwide because of their unique spiciness and flavor. In this study, differences in the metabolomes of landrace (Subicho) and disease-resistant pepper cultivars (Bulkala and Kaltanbaksa) widely grown in Korea are investigated using a 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach. Specific metabolites were abundant in the pericarp (GABA, fructose, and glutamine) and placenta (glucose, asparagine, arginine, and capsaicin), highlighting the distinct physiological and functional roles of these components. Both the pericarp and placenta of disease-resistant pepper cultivars contained higher levels of sucrose and hexoses and lower levels of alanine, proline, and threonine than the traditional landrace cultivar. These metabolic differences are linked to enhanced stress tolerance and the activation of defense pathways, imbuing these cultivars with improved resistance characteristics. The present study provides fundamental insights into the metabolic basis of disease resistance in chili peppers, emphasizing the importance of multi-resistant varieties to ensure sustainable agriculture and food security. These resistant varieties ensure a stable supply of high-quality peppers, contributing to safer and more sustainable food production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Un Seong
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Dae-Yong Yun
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Hyeok Shin
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Jeong-Seok Cho
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gyuseok Lee
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeong Hee Choi
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kee-Jai Park
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung-Hyung Ku
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Jeong-Ho Lim
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
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Ahmad S, Fariduddin Q. "Deciphering the enigmatic role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in plants: Synthesis, transport, regulation, signaling, and biological roles in interaction with growth regulators and abiotic stresses.". PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108502. [PMID: 38492486 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid with a four-carbon structure, widely distributed in various organisms. It exists as a zwitterion, possessing both positive and negative charges, enabling it to interact with other molecules and participate in numerous physiological processes. GABA is widely distributed in various plant cell compartments such as cytoplasm mitochondria, vacuoles, peroxisomes, and plastids. GABA is primarily synthesized from glutamate using glutamate decarboxylase and participates in the GABA shunt within mitochondria, regulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism in plants The transport of GABA is regulated by several intracellular and intercellular transporters such as aluminium-activated malate transporters (ALMTs), GABA transporters (GATs), bidirectional amino acid transporters (BATs), and cationic amino acid transporters (CATs). GABA plays a vital role in cellular transformations, gene expression, cell wall modifications, and signal transduction in plants. Recent research has unveiled the role of GABA as a signaling molecule in plants, regulating stomatal movement and pollen tube growth. This review provides insights into multifaceted impact of GABA on physiological and biochemical traits in plants, including cellular communication, pH regulation, Krebs cycle circumvention, and carbon and nitrogen equilibrium. The review highlights involvement of GABA in improving the antioxidant defense system of plants, mitigating levels of reactive oxygen species under normal and stressed conditions. Moreover, the interplay of GABA with other plant growth regulators (PGRs) have also been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ahmad
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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5
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Das S, Kwon M, Kim JY. Enhancement of specialized metabolites using CRISPR/Cas gene editing technology in medicinal plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1279738. [PMID: 38450402 PMCID: PMC10915232 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1279738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Plants are the richest source of specialized metabolites. The specialized metabolites offer a variety of physiological benefits and many adaptive evolutionary advantages and frequently linked to plant defense mechanisms. Medicinal plants are a vital source of nutrition and active pharmaceutical agents. The production of valuable specialized metabolites and bioactive compounds has increased with the improvement of transgenic techniques like gene silencing and gene overexpression. These techniques are beneficial for decreasing production costs and increasing nutritional value. Utilizing biotechnological applications to enhance specialized metabolites in medicinal plants needs characterization and identification of genes within an elucidated pathway. The breakthrough and advancement of CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing in improving the production of specific metabolites in medicinal plants have gained significant importance in contemporary times. This article imparts a comprehensive recapitulation of the latest advancements made in the implementation of CRISPR-gene editing techniques for the purpose of augmenting specific metabolites in medicinal plants. We also provide further insights and perspectives for improving metabolic engineering scenarios in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Das
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhyuk Kwon
- Division of Life Science, Anti-aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Research Institute of Molecular Alchemy (RIMA), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Nulla Bio R&D Center, Nulla Bio Inc., Jinju, Republic of Korea
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6
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Yuan D, Wu X, Jiang X, Gong B, Gao H. Types of Membrane Transporters and the Mechanisms of Interaction between Them and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:221. [PMID: 38397819 PMCID: PMC10886204 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane transporters are proteins that mediate the entry and exit of substances through the plasma membrane and organellar membranes and are capable of recognizing and binding to specific substances, thereby facilitating substance transport. Membrane transporters are divided into different types, e.g., ion transporters, sugar transporters, amino acid transporters, and aquaporins, based on the substances they transport. These membrane transporters inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through ion regulation, sugar and amino acid transport, hormone induction, and other mechanisms. They can also promote enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions in plants, activate antioxidant enzyme activity, and promote ROS scavenging. Moreover, membrane transporters can transport plant growth regulators, solute proteins, redox potential regulators, and other substances involved in ROS metabolism through corresponding metabolic pathways, ultimately achieving ROS homeostasis in plants. In turn, ROS, as signaling molecules, can affect the activity of membrane transporters under abiotic stress through collaboration with ions and involvement in hormone metabolic pathways. The research described in this review provides a theoretical basis for improving plant stress resistance, promoting plant growth and development, and breeding high-quality plant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hongbo Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (D.Y.); (X.W.); (X.J.); (B.G.)
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7
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Baranov D, Timerbaev V. Recent Advances in Studying the Regulation of Fruit Ripening in Tomato Using Genetic Engineering Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:760. [PMID: 38255834 PMCID: PMC10815249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most commercially essential vegetable crops cultivated worldwide. In addition to the nutritional value, tomato is an excellent model for studying climacteric fruits' ripening processes. Despite this, the available natural pool of genes that allows expanding phenotypic diversity is limited, and the difficulties of crossing using classical selection methods when stacking traits increase proportionally with each additional feature. Modern methods of the genetic engineering of tomatoes have extensive potential applications, such as enhancing the expression of existing gene(s), integrating artificial and heterologous gene(s), pointing changes in target gene sequences while keeping allelic combinations characteristic of successful commercial varieties, and many others. However, it is necessary to understand the fundamental principles of the gene molecular regulation involved in tomato fruit ripening for its successful use in creating new varieties. Although the candidate genes mediate ripening have been identified, a complete picture of their relationship has yet to be formed. This review summarizes the latest (2017-2023) achievements related to studying the ripening processes of tomato fruits. This work attempts to systematize the results of various research articles and display the interaction pattern of genes regulating the process of tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Baranov
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Timerbaev
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Wang Y, Cao H, Wang S, Guo J, Dou H, Qiao J, Yang Q, Shao R, Wang H. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) improves salt-inhibited nitrogen metabolism and the anaplerotic reaction of the tricarboxylic acid cycle by regulating GABA-shunt metabolism in maize seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114756. [PMID: 36924595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress hampers the growth of most crop plants and reduces yield considerably. In addition to its role in metabolism, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a special role in the regulation of salinity stress tolerance in plants, though the underlying physiological mechanism remains poorly understood. In order to study the physiological mechanism of GABA pathway regulated carbon and nitrogen metabolism and tis relationship with salt resistance of maize seedlings, we supplemented seedlings with exogenous GABA under salt stress. In this study, we showed that supplementation with 0.5 mmol·L-1 (0.052 mg·g-1) GABA alleviated salt toxicity in maize seedling leaves, ameliorated salt-induced oxidative stress, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. Applying exogenous GABA maintained chloroplast structure and relieved chlorophyll degradation, thus improving the photosynthetic performance of the leaves. Due to the improvement in photosynthesis, sugar accumulation also increased. Endogenous GABA content and GABA transaminase (GABA-T) and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) activity were increased, while glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity was decreased, via the exogenous application of GABA under salt stress. Meanwhile, nitrogen metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were activated by the supply of GABA. In general, through the regulation of GABA-shunt metabolism, GABA activated enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism and replenished the key substrates of the TCA cycle, thereby improving the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of maize and improving salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of crop Chemical Control, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hongzhang Cao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shancong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiameng Guo
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of crop Chemical Control, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hangyu Dou
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiangfang Qiao
- Cereal Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450099, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of crop Chemical Control, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruixin Shao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of crop Chemical Control, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of crop Chemical Control, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Momo J, Rawoof A, Kumar A, Islam K, Ahmad I, Ramchiary N. Proteomics of Reproductive Development, Fruit Ripening, and Stress Responses in Tomato. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:65-95. [PMID: 36584279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of the tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are increasingly consumed by humans worldwide. Due to their rich nutritional quality, pharmaceutical properties, and flavor, tomato crops have gained a salient role as standout crops among other plants. Traditional breeding and applied functional research have made progress in varying tomato germplasms to subdue biotic and abiotic stresses. Proteomic investigations within a span of few decades have assisted in consolidating the functional genomics and transcriptomic research. However, due to the volatility and dynamicity of proteins in the regulation of various biosynthetic pathways, there is a need for continuing research in the field of proteomics to establish a network that could enable a more comprehensive understanding of tomato growth and development. With this view, we provide a comprehensive review of proteomic studies conducted on the tomato plant in past years, which will be useful for future breeders and researchers working to improve the tomato crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Momo
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Abdul Rawoof
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Khushbu Islam
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ilyas Ahmad
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nirala Ramchiary
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
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10
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Chen C, Xia X, Wang D. Identification of nutritional components in unripe and ripe Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid fruit by widely targeted metabolomics. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14441. [PMID: 36530411 PMCID: PMC9753743 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid is an evergreen tree with multiple benefits and high development and utilization value. The fruit is consumed as fresh and dry fruit, juices, and other products. However, it is unknown the chemical changes that occur upon fruit maturation. The metabolite content of unripe and ripe fruit was examined using UPLC-MS/MS technology based on a broadly targeted metabolome. We identified 477 metabolites, of which 130 differed between ripe and unripe fruit. These compounds are primarily involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, such as pantothenic acid, flavonoids, and amino acids. Moreover, in ripe fruit, there are 94 metabolites that are upregulated, particularly flavonoids and terpenoids. In comparison, compounds associated with sour flavors (amino acids, phenolic acids, organic acids) are down-regulated. Remarkably, these metabolites have a strong relationship with the medicinal properties of D. delavayi. This study provides a global perspective of the D. delavayi fruit metabolome and a comprehensive analysis of metabolomic variations during fruit development, thereby increasing the knowledge of the metabolic basis of important fruit quality traits in D. delavayi fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- Southwest Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Forest Resource Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Kunming, China,Southwest Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Forest Genetic and Tree Improvement & Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Xia
- Southwest Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Forest Resource Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Kunming, China,Southwest Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Forest Genetic and Tree Improvement & Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Southwest Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Forest Resource Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Kunming, China,Southwest Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Forest Genetic and Tree Improvement & Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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11
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Xiao L, Shibuya T, Watanabe T, Kato K, Kanayama Y. Effect of Light Quality on Metabolomic, Ionomic, and Transcriptomic Profiles in Tomato Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13288. [PMID: 36362073 PMCID: PMC9654364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Light quality affects plant growth and the functional component accumulation of fruits. However, there is little knowledge of the effects of light quality based on multiomics profiles. This study combined transcriptomic, ionomic, and metabolomic analyses to elucidate the effects of light quality on metabolism and gene expression in tomato fruit. Micro-Tom plants were grown under blue or red light-emitting diode light for 16 h daily after anthesis. White fluorescent light was used as a reference. The metabolite and element concentrations and the expression of genes markedly changed in response to blue and red light. Based on the metabolomic analysis, amino acid metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis were active in blue light treatment. According to transcriptomic analysis, differentially expressed genes in blue and red light treatments were enriched in the pathways of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, carbon fixation, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, supporting the results of the metabolomic analysis. Ionomic analysis indicated that the element levels in fruits were more susceptible to changes in light quality than in leaves. The concentration of some ions containing Fe in fruits increased under red light compared to under blue light. The altered expression level of genes encoding metal ion-binding proteins, metal tolerance proteins, and metal transporters in response to blue and red light in the transcriptomic analysis contributes to changes in the ionomic profiles of tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingran Xiao
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Tomoki Shibuya
- Faulty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Watanabe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kato
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kanayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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12
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Song J, Campbell L, Vinqvist-Tymchuk M. Application of quantitative proteomics to investigate fruit ripening and eating quality. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 276:153766. [PMID: 35921768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of fruit and vegetables play an important role in human nutrition, dietary diversity and health. Fruit and vegetable industries impart significant impact on our society, economy, and environment, contributing towards sustainable development in both developing and developed countries. The eating quality of fruit is determined by its appearance, color, firmness, flavor, nutritional components, and the absence of defects from physiological disorders. However, all of these components are affected by many pre- and postharvest factors that influence fruit ripening and senescence. Significant efforts have been made to maintain and improve fruit eating quality by expanding our knowledge of fruit ripening and senescence, as well as by controlling and reducing losses. Innovative approaches are required to gain better understanding of the management of eating quality. With completion of the genome sequence for many horticultural products in recent years and development of the proteomic research technique, quantitative proteomic research on fruit is changing rapidly and represents a complementary research platform to address how genetics and environment influence the quality attributes of various produce. Quantiative proteomic research on fruit is advancing from protein abundance and protein quantitation to gene-protein interactions and post-translational modifications of proteins that occur during fruit development, ripening and in response to environmental influences. All of these techniques help to provide a comprehensive understanding of eating quality. This review focuses on current developments in the field as well as limitations and challenges, both in broad term and with specific examples. These examples include our own research experience in applying quantitative proteomic techniques to identify and quantify the protein changes in association with fruit ripening, quality and development of disorders, as well as possible control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Song
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. KRDC, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, Nova Scotia, B4N 1J5, Canada.
| | - Leslie Campbell
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. KRDC, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, Nova Scotia, B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - Melinda Vinqvist-Tymchuk
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. KRDC, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, Nova Scotia, B4N 1J5, Canada
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13
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Aghdam MS, Flaherty EJ, Shelp BJ. γ-Aminobutyrate Improves the Postharvest Marketability of Horticultural Commodities: Advances and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:884572. [PMID: 35693167 PMCID: PMC9174936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.884572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest deterioration can result in qualitative and quantitative changes in the marketability of horticultural commodities, as well as considerable economic loss to the industry. Low temperature and controlled atmosphere conditions (low O2 and elevated CO2) are extensively employed to prolong the postharvest life of these commodities. Nevertheless, they may suffer from chilling injury and other physiological disorders, as well as excessive water loss and bacterial/fungal decay. Research on the postharvest physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of horticultural commodities indicates that low temperature/controlled atmosphere storage is associated with the promotion of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) pathway activity, with or without the accumulation of GABA, delaying senescence, preserving quality and ameliorating chilling injury. Regardless of whether apple fruits are stored under low temperature/controlled atmosphere conditions or room temperature, elevated endogenous GABA or exogenous GABA maintains their quality by stimulating the activity of the GABA shunt (glutamate GABA succinic semialdehyde succinate) and the synthesis of malate, and delaying fruit ripening. This outcome is associated with changes in the genetic and biochemical regulation of key GABA pathway reactions. Flux estimates suggest that the GABA pool is derived primarily from glutamate, rather than polyamines, and that succinic semialdehyde is converted mainly to succinate, rather than γ-hydroxybutyrate. Exogenous GABA is a promising strategy for promoting the level of endogenous GABA and the activity of the GABA shunt in both intact and fresh-cut commodities, which increases carbon flux through respiratory pathways, restores or partially restores redox and energy levels, and improves postharvest marketability. The precise mechanisms whereby GABA interacts with other signaling molecules such as Ca2+, H2O2, polyamines, salicylic acid, nitric oxide and melatonin, or with phytohormones such as ethylene, abscisic acid and auxin remain unknown. The occurrence of the aluminum-activated malate transporter and the glutamate/aspartate/GABA exchanger in the tonoplast, respectively, offers prospects for reducing transpirational water in cut flowers and immature green fruit, and for altering the development, flavor and biotic resistance of apple fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward J. Flaherty
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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14
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Ku YS, Cheng SS, Ng MS, Chung G, Lam HM. The Tiny Companion Matters: The Important Role of Protons in Active Transports in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052824. [PMID: 35269965 PMCID: PMC8911182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the translocation of molecules, such as ions, metabolites, and hormones, between different subcellular compartments or different cells is achieved by transmembrane transporters, which play important roles in growth, development, and adaptation to the environment. To facilitate transport in a specific direction, active transporters that can translocate their substrates against the concentration gradient are needed. Examples of major active transporters in plants include ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters, monosaccharide transporters (MSTs), sucrose transporters (SUTs), and amino acid transporters. Transport via ABC transporters is driven by ATP. The electrochemical gradient across the membrane energizes these secondary transporters. The pH in each cell and subcellular compartment is tightly regulated and yet highly dynamic, especially when under stress. Here, the effects of cellular and subcellular pH on the activities of ABC transporters, MATE transporters, MSTs, SUTs, and amino acid transporters will be discussed to enhance our understanding of their mechanics. The relation of the altered transporter activities to various biological processes of plants will also be addressed. Although most molecular transport research has focused on the substrate, the role of protons, the tiny counterparts of the substrate, should also not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Shan Ku
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-S.C.); (M.-S.N.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.K.); (H.-M.L.); Tel.: +852-3943-8132 (Y.-S.K.); +852-3943-6336 (H.-M.L.)
| | - Sau-Shan Cheng
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-S.C.); (M.-S.N.)
| | - Ming-Sin Ng
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-S.C.); (M.-S.N.)
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-S.C.); (M.-S.N.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.K.); (H.-M.L.); Tel.: +852-3943-8132 (Y.-S.K.); +852-3943-6336 (H.-M.L.)
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15
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Feng L, Yu Y, Lin S, Yang T, Chen Q, Liu L, Sun J, Zheng P, Zhang Z, Wan X. Tonoplast-Localized Theanine Transporter CsCAT2 May Mediate Theanine Storage in the Root of Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:797854. [PMID: 34975988 PMCID: PMC8719441 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.797854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Theanine is the component endowing tea infusion with "umami" taste and antidepression benefits. Theanine is primarily synthesized and stored in root in winter and is transported via vascular tissues to the new shoot in spring. However, the mechanism underlying theanine storage in the root of tea plants remains largely unknown. Cationic amino acid transporter 2 (CsCAT2) in tea plants is homologous to glutamine permease 1 (GNP1), the specific glutamine transporter in yeast. In this study, we identified CsCAT2 as an H+-dependent theanine transporter with medium affinity for theanine. The result of subcellular localization showed that CsCAT2 was a tonoplast-localized transporter. Importantly, CsCAT2 highly expressed in the root in winter during theanine storage and reduced its expression in the root during theanine transport from root-to-shoot in spring. In addition, CsCAT2 expression in the roots of 5 varieties at four time points during December and April was significant negatively correlated with the capacity of theanine root-to-shoot movement. Taken together, these results suggested that CsCAT2 may mediate theanine storage in the vacuole of root cells and may negatively modulate theanine transport from root to shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongchao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shijia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
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16
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Defective cytokinin signaling reprograms lipid and flavonoid gene-to-metabolite networks to mitigate high salinity in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105021118. [PMID: 34815339 PMCID: PMC8640937 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105021118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinin (CK) in plants regulates both developmental processes and adaptation to environmental stresses. Arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer ahp2,3,5 and type-B Arabidopsis response regulator arr1,10,12 triple mutants are almost completely defective in CK signaling, and the ahp2,3,5 mutant was reported to be salt tolerant. Here, we demonstrate that the arr1,10,12 mutant is also more tolerant to salt stress than wild-type (WT) plants. A comprehensive metabolite profiling coupled with transcriptome analysis of the ahp2,3,5 and arr1,10,12 mutants was conducted to elucidate the salt tolerance mechanisms mediated by CK signaling. Numerous primary (e.g., sugars, amino acids, and lipids) and secondary (e.g., flavonoids and sterols) metabolites accumulated in these mutants under nonsaline and saline conditions, suggesting that both prestress and poststress accumulations of stress-related metabolites contribute to improved salt tolerance in CK-signaling mutants. Specifically, the levels of sugars (e.g., trehalose and galactinol), amino acids (e.g., branched-chain amino acids and γ-aminobutyric acid), anthocyanins, sterols, and unsaturated triacylglycerols were higher in the mutant plants than in WT plants. Notably, the reprograming of flavonoid and lipid pools was highly coordinated and concomitant with the changes in transcriptional levels, indicating that these metabolic pathways are transcriptionally regulated by CK signaling. The discovery of the regulatory role of CK signaling on membrane lipid reprogramming provides a greater understanding of CK-mediated salt tolerance in plants. This knowledge will contribute to the development of salt-tolerant crops with the ability to withstand salinity as a key driver to ensure global food security in the era of climate crisis.
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17
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Zhu C, Wu S, Sun T, Zhou Z, Hu Z, Yu J. Rosmarinic Acid Delays Tomato Fruit Ripening by Regulating Ripening-Associated Traits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1821. [PMID: 34829692 PMCID: PMC8614985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits are excellent sources of essential vitamins and health-boosting minerals. Recently, regulation of fruit ripening by both internal and external cues for the improvement of fruit quality and shelf life has received considerable attention. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a kind of natural plant-derived polyphenol, widely used in the drug therapy and food industry due to its distinct physiological functions. However, the role of RA in plant growth and development, especially at the postharvest period of fruits, remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that postharvest RA treatment delayed the ripening in tomato fruits. Exogenous application of RA decreased ripening-associated ethylene production and inhibited the fruit color change from green to red based on the decline in lycopene accumulation. We also found that the degradation of sucrose and malic acid during ripening was significantly suppressed in RA-treated tomato fruits. The results of metabolite profiling showed that RA application promoted the accumulation of multiple amino acids in tomato fruits, such as aspartic acid, serine, tyrosine, and proline. Meanwhile, RA application also strengthened the antioxidant system by increasing both the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of reduced forms of antioxidants. These findings not only unveiled a novel function of RA in fruit ripening, but also indicated an attractive strategy to manage and improve shelf life, flavor, and sensory evolution of tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changan Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.); (T.S.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Shaofang Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.); (T.S.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.); (T.S.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zhiwen Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.); (T.S.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zhangjian Hu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.); (T.S.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.); (T.S.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
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18
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Shelp BJ, Aghdam MS, Flaherty EJ. γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) Regulated Plant Defense: Mechanisms and Opportunities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1939. [PMID: 34579473 PMCID: PMC8468876 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic and biotic stress conditions affect plant growth and development, and agricultural sustainability in general. Abiotic and biotic stresses reduce respiration and associated energy generation in mitochondria, resulting in the elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are employed to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing conditions. Excessive ROS accumulation can contribute to cell damage and death. Production of the non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) is also stimulated, resulting in partial restoration of respiratory processes and energy production. Accumulated GABA can bind directly to the aluminum-activated malate transporter and the guard cell outward rectifying K+ channel, thereby improving drought and hypoxia tolerance, respectively. Genetic manipulation of GABA metabolism and receptors, respectively, reveal positive relationships between GABA levels and abiotic/biotic stress tolerance, and between malate efflux from the root and heavy metal tolerance. The application of exogenous GABA is associated with lower ROS levels, enhanced membrane stability, changes in the levels of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants, and crosstalk among phytohormones. Exogenous GABA may be an effective and sustainable tolerance strategy against multiple stresses under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Morteza Soleimani Aghdam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran;
| | - Edward J. Flaherty
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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19
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Amino acid metabolism reprogramming in response to changing growth environment in Ginkgo biloba leaves. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Kazachkova Y, Zemach I, Panda S, Bocobza S, Vainer A, Rogachev I, Dong Y, Ben-Dor S, Veres D, Kanstrup C, Lambertz SK, Crocoll C, Hu Y, Shani E, Michaeli S, Nour-Eldin HH, Zamir D, Aharoni A. The GORKY glycoalkaloid transporter is indispensable for preventing tomato bitterness. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:468-480. [PMID: 33707737 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fruit taste is determined by sugars, acids and in some species, bitter chemicals. Attraction of seed-dispersing organisms in nature and breeding for consumer preferences requires reduced fruit bitterness. A key metabolic shift during ripening prevents tomato fruit bitterness by eliminating α-tomatine, a renowned defence-associated Solanum alkaloid. Here, we combined fine mapping with information from 150 resequenced genomes and genotyping a 650-tomato core collection to identify nine bitter-tasting accessions including the 'high tomatine' Peruvian landraces reported in the literature. These 'bitter' accessions contain a deletion in GORKY, a nitrate/peptide family transporter mediating α-tomatine subcellular localization during fruit ripening. GORKY exports α-tomatine and its derivatives from the vacuole to the cytosol and this facilitates the conversion of the entire α-tomatine pool to non-bitter forms, rendering the fruit palatable. Hence, GORKY activity was a notable innovation in the process of tomato fruit domestication and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Kazachkova
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itay Zemach
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Samuel Bocobza
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andrii Vainer
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yonghui Dong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dorottya Veres
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christa Kanstrup
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophie Konstanze Lambertz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yangjie Hu
- Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eilon Shani
- Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Simon Michaeli
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dani Zamir
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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21
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The SV, Snyder R, Tegeder M. Targeting Nitrogen Metabolism and Transport Processes to Improve Plant Nitrogen Use Efficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:628366. [PMID: 33732269 PMCID: PMC7957077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.628366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In agricultural cropping systems, relatively large amounts of nitrogen (N) are applied for plant growth and development, and to achieve high yields. However, with increasing N application, plant N use efficiency generally decreases, which results in losses of N into the environment and subsequently detrimental consequences for both ecosystems and human health. A strategy for reducing N input and environmental losses while maintaining or increasing plant performance is the development of crops that effectively obtain, distribute, and utilize the available N. Generally, N is acquired from the soil in the inorganic forms of nitrate or ammonium and assimilated in roots or leaves as amino acids. The amino acids may be used within the source organs, but they are also the principal N compounds transported from source to sink in support of metabolism and growth. N uptake, synthesis of amino acids, and their partitioning within sources and toward sinks, as well as N utilization within sinks represent potential bottlenecks in the effective use of N for vegetative and reproductive growth. This review addresses recent discoveries in N metabolism and transport and their relevance for improving N use efficiency under high and low N conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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22
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Wan Y, Wang Y, Shi Z, Rentsch D, Ward JL, Hassall K, Sparks CA, Huttly AK, Buchner P, Powers S, Shewry PR, Hawkesford MJ. Wheat amino acid transporters highly expressed in grain cells regulate amino acid accumulation in grain. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246763. [PMID: 33606697 PMCID: PMC7894817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are delivered into developing wheat grains to support the accumulation of storage proteins in the starchy endosperm, and transporters play important roles in regulating this process. RNA-seq, RT-qPCR, and promoter-GUS assays showed that three amino acid transporters are differentially expressed in the endosperm transfer cells (TaAAP2), starchy endosperm cells (TaAAP13), and aleurone cells and embryo of the developing grain (TaAAP21), respectively. Yeast complementation revealed that all three transporters can transport a broad spectrum of amino acids. RNAi-mediated suppression of TaAAP13 expression in the starchy endosperm did not reduce the total nitrogen content of the whole grain, but significantly altered the composition and distribution of metabolites in the starchy endosperm, with increasing concentrations of some amino acids (notably glutamine and glycine) from the outer to inner starchy endosperm cells compared with wild type. Overexpression of TaAAP13 under the endosperm-specific HMW-GS (high molecular weight glutenin subunit) promoter significantly increased grain size, grain nitrogen concentration, and thousand grain weight, indicating that the sink strength for nitrogen transport was increased by manipulation of amino acid transporters. However, the total grain number was reduced, suggesting that source nitrogen remobilized from leaves is a limiting factor for productivity. Therefore, simultaneously increasing loading of amino acids into the phloem and delivery to the spike would be required to increase protein content while maintaining grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Wan
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Wang
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- Triticeae Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Shi
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- National Technology Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, and Ecology and Production in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Doris Rentsch
- University of Bern, Molecular Plant Physiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jane L. Ward
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Hassall
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A. Sparks
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Alison K. Huttly
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Buchner
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Powers
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Peter R. Shewry
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm J. Hawkesford
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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23
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Guo Y, Li Q, Yu X, Liang Y. Rhubarb anthraquinone glycosides protect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by regulating brain-gut neurotransmitters. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5058. [PMID: 33373060 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rhubarb anthraquinone glycosides (RAGs) have been proven to have significant therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke, and this effect may be related to the microbiome-gut-brain axis. In this study, an HPLC-FLD method was established to measure brain-gut neurotransmitters of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), to explore whether the mechanism of RAGs against CIRI is related to the microbiome-gut-brain axis. A Shimadzu ODS-3 C18 column was used for chromatographic separation, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA), glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were determined simultaneously. The results showed that there is an excellent linear relationship (R2 ≥ 0.9990) and a high separation degree in the HPLC-FLD method. Whereas the contents of Asp and Glu in the brain and colon increased (p < 0.05), the contents of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and GABA in the brain and colon decreased (p < 0.05) after CIRI. RAGs could effectively reduce the contents of Asp and Glu (p < 0.05), and increase the contents of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and GABA in the brain and colon (p < 0.05). Combined with the previous experimental results, we can speculate that RAGs can regulate intestinal flora disorder caused by CIRI, and then regulate the imbalance between the release and decomposition of neurotransmitters caused by intestinal flora disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuying Li
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiahui Yu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Liang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Jander G, Kolukisaoglu U, Stahl M, Yoon GM. Editorial: Physiological Aspects of Non-proteinogenic Amino Acids in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:519464. [PMID: 33391293 PMCID: PMC7773597 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.519464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Uener Kolukisaoglu
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mark Stahl
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gyeong Mee Yoon
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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25
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Xu X, Yuan Y, Feng B, Deng W. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene-editing technology in fruit quality improvement. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fruits are an essential part of a healthy, balanced diet and it is particularly important for fibre, essential vitamins, and trace elements. Improvement in the quality of fruit and elongation of shelf life are crucial goals for researchers. However, traditional techniques have some drawbacks, such as long period, low efficiency, and difficulty in the modification of target genes, which limit the progress of the study. Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technique was developed and has become the most popular gene-editing technology with high efficiency, simplicity, and low cost. CRISPR/Cas9 technique is widely accepted to analyse gene function and complete genetic modification. This review introduces the latest progress of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in fruit quality improvement. For example, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of RIPENING INHIBITOR gene (RIN), Lycopene desaturase (PDS), Pectate lyases (PL), SlMYB12, and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) can affect fruit ripening, fruit bioactive compounds, fruit texture, fruit colouration, and fruit size. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis has become an efficient method to modify target genes and improve fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bihong Feng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Gramazio P, Takayama M, Ezura H. Challenges and Prospects of New Plant Breeding Techniques for GABA Improvement in Crops: Tomato as an Example. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:577980. [PMID: 33014001 PMCID: PMC7500313 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.577980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the last seven decades, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has attracted great attention from scientists for its ubiquity in plants, animals and microorganisms and for its physiological implications as a signaling molecule involved in multiple pathways and processes. Recently, the food and pharmaceutical industries have also shown significantly increased interest in GABA, because of its great potential benefits for human health and the consumer demand for health-promoting functional compounds, resulting in the release of a plethora of GABA-enriched products. Nevertheless, many crop species accumulate appreciable GABA levels in their edible parts and could help to meet the daily recommended intake of GABA for promoting positive health effects. Therefore, plant breeders are devoting much effort into breeding elite varieties with improved GABA contents. In this regard, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the most produced and consumed vegetable worldwide and a fruit-bearing model crop, has received much consideration for its accumulation of remarkable GABA levels. Although many different strategies have been implemented, from classical crossbreeding to induced mutagenesis, new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) have achieved the best GABA accumulation results in red ripe tomato fruits along with shedding light on GABA metabolism and gene functions. In this review, we summarize, analyze and compare all the studies that have substantially contributed to tomato GABA breeding with further discussion and proposals regarding the most recent NPBTs that could bring this process to the next level of precision and efficiency. This document also provides guidelines with which researchers of other crops might take advantage of the progress achieved in tomato for more efficient GABA breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gramazio
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mariko Takayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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27
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Yao X, Nie J, Bai R, Sui X. Amino Acid Transporters in Plants: Identification and Function. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080972. [PMID: 32751984 PMCID: PMC7466100 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters are the main mediators of nitrogen distribution throughout the plant body, and are essential for sustaining growth and development. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the identity and biological functions of amino acid transporters in plants, and discuss the regulation of amino acid transporters in response to environmental stimuli. We focus on transporter function in amino acid assimilation and phloem loading and unloading, as well as on the molecular identity of amino acid exporters. Moreover, we discuss the effects of amino acid transport on carbon assimilation, as well as their cross-regulation, which is at the heart of sustainable agricultural production.
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Amino Acid Transporters in Plant Cells: A Brief Review. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080967. [PMID: 32751704 PMCID: PMC7464682 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are not only a nitrogen source that can be directly absorbed by plants, but also the major transport form of organic nitrogen in plants. A large number of amino acid transporters have been identified in different plant species. Despite belonging to different families, these amino acid transporters usually exhibit some general features, such as broad expression pattern and substrate selectivity. This review mainly focuses on transporters involved in amino acid uptake, phloem loading and unloading, xylem-phloem transfer, import into seed and intracellular transport in plants. We summarize the other physiological roles mediated by amino acid transporters, including development regulation, abiotic stress tolerance and defense response. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of amino acid transporters for crop genetic improvement.
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Ji J, Shi Z, Xie T, Zhang X, Chen W, Du C, Sun J, Yue J, Zhao X, Jiang Z, Shi S. Responses of GABA shunt coupled with carbon and nitrogen metabolism in poplar under NaCl and CdCl 2 stresses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110322. [PMID: 32109582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt is closely associated with plant tolerance; however, little is known about its mechanism. This study aimed to decipher the responses of the GABA shunt and related carbon-nitrogen metabolism in poplar seedlings (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) treated with different NaCl and CdCl2 concentrations for 30 h. The results showed that the activities of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) were activated, as well as α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were enhanced by NaCl and CdCl2 stresses, except for SDH under CdCl2 stress. Meanwhile, the expression levels of GADs, GABA-Ts SDHs, succinyl-CoA ligases (SCSs), and succinic acid aldehyde dehydrogenases (SSADHs) were also increased. Notably, significant increases in the key components of GABA shunt, Glu and GABA, were observed under both stresses. Soluble sugars and free amino acids were enhanced, whereas citrate, malate and succinate were almost inhibited by both NaCl and CdCl2 stresses except that citrate was not changed or just increased by 50-mM NaCl stress. Thus, these results suggested that the carbon-nitrogen balance could be altered by activating the GABA shunt when main TCA-cycle intermediates were inhibited under NaCl and CdCl2 stresses. This study can enhance the understanding about the functions of the GABA shunt in woody plants under abiotic stresses and may be applied to the genetic improvement of trees for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jianyun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiulian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China.
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30
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Song J, Wu G, Li T, Liu C, Li D. Changes in the sugars, amino acids and organic acids of postharvest spermine-treated immature vegetable soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-020-00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
1H NMR spectroscopy was adopted to determine compositional changes (mainly sugars, organic acids and amino acids) involved in cold-stored immature soybean grains after exogenous spermine treatment. Significant changes of sugars, including sucrose, galactose, myo-inositol, glucose and fructose were detected in soybean after spermine treatment. As for the organic acids related to tricarboxylic acid cycle, the levels of malic and fumaric acids decreased but the level of citric acid increased. However, no significant changes were observed for amino acids in spermine-treated soybeans. By using metabolic profile analysis, a difference was observed between the aging of soybean grains as such and those treated with spermine. This study provides an insight into the accumulation of metabolites in postharvest immature soybeans after exogenous spermine-treatment.
Graphical abstract
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31
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Dong C, Li F, Yang T, Feng L, Zhang S, Li F, Li W, Xu G, Bao S, Wan X, Lucas WJ, Zhang Z. Theanine transporters identified in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:57-70. [PMID: 31461558 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Theanine, a unique non-proteinogenic amino acid, is an important component of tea, as it confers the umami taste and relaxation effect of tea as a beverage. Theanine is primarily synthesized in tea roots and is subsequently transported to young shoots, which are harvested for tea production. Currently, the mechanism for theanine transport in the tea plant remains unknown. Here, by screening a yeast mutant library, followed by functional analyses, we identified the glutamine permease, GNP1 as a specific transporter for theanine in yeast. Although there is no GNP1 homolog in the tea plant, we assessed the theanine transport ability of nine tea plant amino acid permease (AAP) family members, with six exhibiting transport activity. We further determined that CsAAP1, CsAAP2, CsAAP4, CsAAP5, CsAAP6, and CsAAP8 exhibited moderate theanine affinities and transport was H+ -dependent. The tissue-specific expression of these six CsAAPs in leaves, vascular tissues, and the root suggested their broad roles in theanine loading and unloading from the vascular system, and in targeting to sink tissues. Furthermore, expression of these CsAAPs was shown to be seasonally regulated, coincident with theanine transport within the tea plant. Finally, CsAAP1 expression in the root was highly correlated with root-to-bud transport of theanine, in seven tea plant cultivars. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that members of the CsAAP family transport theanine and participate in its root-to-shoot delivery in the tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shupei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Fangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Weihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - William J Lucas
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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Tang H, Zhang X, Gong B, Yan Y, Shi Q. Proteomics and metabolomics analysis of tomato fruit at different maturity stages and under salt treatment. Food Chem 2019; 311:126009. [PMID: 31887558 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics and metabolomics were used to study the changes in proteins and metabolites in tomato fruits at different ripening stages and the effect of salt treatment on fruit quality. The results showed 2607 and 153 differentially expressed proteins in ripe fruits compared with mature green fruits and in NaCl-treated ripe fruits compared with control ripe fruits, respectively. KEGG analysis indicated that these proteins were mainly involved in photosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions in different ripening stages of fruits, and salt-induced proteins were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism. A series of metabolites, including carbohydrates and amino acids showed significantly different accumulations between ripe and mature green fruits and between salt-treated and control fruits. Combined analysis explored glycine, L-alanine, D-xylose and sucrose and some proteins involved in multiple metabolic pathways under salt conditions. Their interactions might affect fruit development and fruit quality under salt treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimeng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 2018, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 2018, PR China
| | - Biao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 2018, PR China
| | - Yanyan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 2018, PR China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 2018, PR China.
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Quinet M, Angosto T, Yuste-Lisbona FJ, Blanchard-Gros R, Bigot S, Martinez JP, Lutts S. Tomato Fruit Development and Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1554. [PMID: 31850035 PMCID: PMC6895250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the Solanaceae family and is the second most important fruit or vegetable crop next to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). It is cultivated for fresh fruit and processed products. Tomatoes contain many health-promoting compounds including vitamins, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. In addition to its economic and nutritional importance, tomatoes have become the model for the study of fleshy fruit development. Tomato is a climacteric fruit and dramatic metabolic changes occur during its fruit development. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of tomato fruit metabolism. We begin by detailing the genetic and hormonal control of fruit development and ripening, after which we document the primary metabolism of tomato fruits, with a special focus on sugar, organic acid, and amino acid metabolism. Links between primary and secondary metabolic pathways are further highlighted by the importance of pigments, flavonoids, and volatiles for tomato fruit quality. Finally, as tomato plants are sensitive to several abiotic stresses, we briefly summarize the effects of adverse environmental conditions on tomato fruit metabolism and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Quinet
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Trinidad Angosto
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando J. Yuste-Lisbona
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Rémi Blanchard-Gros
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Servane Bigot
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Zhang SJ, De Bruyn F, Pothakos V, Contreras GF, Cai Z, Moccand C, Weckx S, De Vuyst L. Influence of Various Processing Parameters on the Microbial Community Dynamics, Metabolomic Profiles, and Cup Quality During Wet Coffee Processing. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2621. [PMID: 31798557 PMCID: PMC6863779 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-harvest wet coffee processing is a commonly applied method to transform coffee cherries into green coffee beans through depulping or demucilaging, fermentation, washing, soaking, drying, and dehulling. Multiple processing parameters can be modified and thus influence the coffee quality (green coffee beans and cup quality). The present study aimed to explore the impacts of these parameters, including processing type (depulping or demucilaging), fermentation duration, and application of soaking, on the microbial community dynamics, metabolite compositions of processing waters (fermentation and soaking) and coffee beans, and resulting cup quality through a multiphasic approach. A large-scale wet coffee processing experiment was conducted with Coffea arabica var. Catimor in Yunnan (China) in duplicate. The fermentation steps presented a dynamic interaction between constant nutrient release (mainly from the cherry mucilage) into the surrounding water and active microbial activities led by lactic acid bacteria, especially Leuconostoc and Lactococcus. The microbial communities were affected by both the processing type and fermentation duration. At the same time, the endogenous coffee bean metabolism remained active at different stages along the processing, as could be seen through changes in the concentrations of carbohydrates, organic acids, and free amino acids. Among all the processing variants tested, the fermentation duration had the greatest impact on the green coffee bean compositions and the cup quality. A long fermentation duration resulted in a fruitier and more acidic cup. As an ecological alternative for the depulped processing, the demucilaged processing produced a beverage quality comparable to the depulped one. The application of soaking, however, tempered the positive fermentation effects and standardized the green coffee bean quality, regardless of the preceding processing practices applied. Lastly, the impact strength of each processing parameter would also depend on the coffee variety used and the local geographical conditions. All these findings provide a considerable margin of opportunities for future coffee research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Jiyuan Zhang
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florac De Bruyn
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vasileios Pothakos
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Zhiying Cai
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Kunming, China
| | | | - Stefan Weckx
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc De Vuyst
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Yuan L, Xie S, Nie L, Zheng Y, Wang J, Huang J, Zhao M, Zhu S, Hou J, Chen G, Wang C. Comparative Proteomics Reveals Cold Acclimation Machinery Through Enhanced Carbohydrate and Amino Acid Metabolism in Wucai ( Brassica Campestris L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E474. [PMID: 31698739 PMCID: PMC6918420 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Limited information is available on the cold acclimation of non-heading Chinese cabbage (NHCC) under low temperatures. In this study, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) were used to illustrate the molecular machinery of cold acclimation. Compared to the control (Cont), altogether, 89 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in wucai leaves responding to low temperatures (LT). Among these proteins, 35 proteins were up-regulated ((and 54 were down-regulated). These differentially expressed proteins were categorized as having roles in carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis and energy metabolism, oxidative defense, amino acid metabolism, metabolic progress, cold regulation, methylation progress, and signal transduction. The fructose, glucose, and sucrose were dramatically increased in response to cold acclimation. It was firstly reported that aspartate, serine, glutamate, proline, and threonine were significantly accumulated under low temperatures. Results of quantitative real-time PCR analysis of nine DEPs displayed that the transcriptional expression patterns of six genes were consistent with their protein expression abundance. Our results demonstrated that wucai acclimated to low temperatures through regulating the expression of several crucial proteins. Additionally, carbohydrate and amino acid conversion played indispensable and vital roles in improving cold assimilation in wucai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Yuan
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.Y.); (S.X.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (G.C.)
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan 238200, China
| | - Shilei Xie
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.Y.); (S.X.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (G.C.)
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Libing Nie
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.Y.); (S.X.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (G.C.)
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yushan Zheng
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.Y.); (S.X.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (G.C.)
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.Y.); (S.X.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (G.C.)
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ju Huang
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.Y.); (S.X.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Mengru Zhao
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.Y.); (S.X.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (G.C.)
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shidong Zhu
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.Y.); (S.X.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (G.C.)
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan 238200, China
| | - Jinfeng Hou
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.Y.); (S.X.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (G.C.)
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan 238200, China
| | - Guohu Chen
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.Y.); (S.X.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (G.C.)
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan 238200, China
| | - Chenggang Wang
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.Y.); (S.X.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (G.C.)
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan 238200, China
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Huang Y, Xu PH, Hou BZ, Shen YY. Strawberry tonoplast transporter, FaVPT1, controls phosphate accumulation and fruit quality. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2715-2729. [PMID: 31151133 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth and development, and the vacuole is an important organelle for phosphate storage. However, the tonoplast phosphate transporter in fleshy fruits remains unknown. In this study, based on the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit transcriptome data, a tonoplast-localized vacuolar phosphate transporter with SPX and major facilitator superfamily domains, FaVPT1, was identified. FaVPT1 expression was highest in the fruits and could be induced by sucrose. Using transient transgenic systems in strawberry fruit, the downregulation and upregulation of FaVPT1 inhibited and promoted ripening, respectively, and affected phosphate contents, fruit firmness, sugar and anthocyanin contents, and ripening-related gene transcription. FaVPT1 could rescue Pi absorption in both yeast and the Arabidopsis atvpt1 mutant, confirming the similar function of FaVPT1 and AtVPT1, a previously identified tonoplast phosphate transporter in Arabidopsis. The Escherichia coli-expressed SPX domain of FaVPT1 could strongly bind to InsP6 with a Kd of 3.5 μM. The results demonstrate that FaVPT1 is a tonoplast phosphate transporter and regulates strawberry fruit ripening and quality, to a large extent, via sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Bei Jing Bei Nong Enterprise Management Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Peng-Hao Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Bing-Zhu Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuan-Yue Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
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Meher HC, Singh G, Chawla G. Metabolic Alternations of Amino Acids, γ-Aminobutyric Acid, and Salicylic Acid in Solanum lycopersicum (L.) Following Preplanting Seedling Spray with Salicylic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12236-12248. [PMID: 30418772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Preplanting foliar spray of salicylic acid (SA) (0.0, 5.0, and 10.0 μg/mL) to Solanum lycopersicum (L.) altered the metabolite profile of amino acids, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and SA in leaf, root, and fruits. Free amino acid pools increased; bound amino acid pools reduced. In vegetative tissues, amino acid biosyntheses linked to osmo-compatibility (Pro, Leu, Val and GABA); N (Arg, Asn, Asp, Gln, and Glu); C (Pro, Ser, and Tyr); S (Cys) assimilation; stress tolerance (Ala, Gly, Hyp, His, Lys, Met, and Thr); and central metabolism (Phe, Trp, and Tyr) enhanced for 60-120 days. Concentrations of Ala, Arg, Gln, Gly, Leu, and Ser in leaf and of Asp, Cys, Glu, His, Hyp, Lys, Met, Pro, and Val in root predominated. In planta SA and GABA biosynthesis increased concurrently. SA affected GABA biosynthesis via Glu, Pro, and Arg metabolism. SA, GABA, Glu, and Pro were key canonical variables. This study first reported SA-induced metabolites promoting health (SA/GABA; Cys/Met) and palatability (Glu/Asp; Gln) in table tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari C Meher
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi 110012 , India
| | - Ghanendra Singh
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi 110012 , India
| | - Gautam Chawla
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi 110012 , India
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Walker RP, Benincasa P, Battistelli A, Moscatello S, Técsi L, Leegood RC, Famiani F. Gluconeogenesis and nitrogen metabolism in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:324-333. [PMID: 30041084 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two pathways can be used by gluconeogenesis in plants: one employs phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and the other pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK). The occurrence-location of these enzymes was determined in developing kernels of maize. PPDK was much more abundant than PEPCK in extracts of whole kernels. However, their location within the kernel was different. PPDK was particularly abundant in the peripheral endosperm (in which alanine is abundant), whereas PEPCK was localised in the pedicel and basal endosperm transfer cells (where asparagine is metabolised). The abundance of these enzymes was also determined in maize roots where there was a massive increase in abundance of PEPCK and a small increase in abundance of PPDK when they were fed ammonium; PEPCK was located in the pericycle and various cell types associated with the vasculature. On the other hand, there was a large increase in abundance of PPDK in roots subjected to anoxia (which induces an accumulation of alanine), whereas the abundance of PEPCK was decreased. These results show: firstly, that gluconeogenesis can potentially occur in many different tissues of maize. Secondly, within one organ PPDK can be abundant in some tissues and PEPCK in others. Thirdly, the abundance of PPDK and PEPCK is often associated with the metabolism of certain nitrogenous compounds and can be dramatically altered by factors related to nitrogen metabolism. In maize roots and developing kernels PPDK was associated with alanine metabolism. By contrast, the presence of PEPCK in maize roots and kernels was associated with either ammonium or asparagine metabolism. We propose that gluconeogenesis is often a component of a widespread mechanism that is used in coordinating the import/mobilisation of nitrogenous compounds with their utilisation. Further, potentially component of this mechanism may have provided building blocks that were used in the evolution of processes such as C4 photosynthesis, Crassulacean acid metabolism, stomatal metabolism and the biochemical pH stat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Benincasa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Marconi 2, 05010, Porano, TR, Italy
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Marconi 2, 05010, Porano, TR, Italy
| | - László Técsi
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2 TN, UK
| | - Richard C Leegood
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2 TN, UK
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
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Podlešáková K, Ugena L, Spíchal L, Doležal K, De Diego N. Phytohormones and polyamines regulate plant stress responses by altering GABA pathway. N Biotechnol 2018; 48:53-65. [PMID: 30048769 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In plants, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulates rapidly in response to environmental stress and variations in its endogenous concentration have been shown to affect plant growth. Exogenous application of GABA has also conferred higher stress tolerance by modulating the expression of genes involved in plant signalling, transcriptional regulation, hormone biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species production and polyamine metabolism. Plant hormones play critical roles in adaptation of plants to adverse environmental conditions through a sophisticated crosstalk among them. Several studies have provided evidence for the relationships between GABA, polyamines and hormones such as abscisic acid, cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins and ethylene, among others, focussing on the effect that one specific group of compounds exerts over the metabolic and signalling pathways of others. In this review, we bring together information obtained from plants exposed to several stress conditions and discuss the possible links among these different groups of molecules. The analysis supports the view that highly conserved pathways connect primary and secondary metabolism, with an overlap of regulatory functions related to stress responses and tolerance among phytohormones, amino acids and polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Podlešáková
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Lydia Ugena
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
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Beauvoit B, Belouah I, Bertin N, Cakpo CB, Colombié S, Dai Z, Gautier H, Génard M, Moing A, Roch L, Vercambre G, Gibon Y. Putting primary metabolism into perspective to obtain better fruits. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:1-21. [PMID: 29718072 PMCID: PMC6025238 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background One of the key goals of fruit biology is to understand the factors that influence fruit growth and quality, ultimately with a view to manipulating them for improvement of fruit traits. Scope Primary metabolism, which is not only essential for growth but is also a major component of fruit quality, is an obvious target for improvement. However, metabolism is a moving target that undergoes marked changes throughout fruit growth and ripening. Conclusions Agricultural practice and breeding have successfully improved fruit metabolic traits, but both face the complexity of the interplay between development, metabolism and the environment. Thus, more fundamental knowledge is needed to identify further strategies for the manipulation of fruit metabolism. Nearly two decades of post-genomics approaches involving transcriptomics, proteomics and/or metabolomics have generated a lot of information about the behaviour of fruit metabolic networks. Today, the emergence of modelling tools is providing the opportunity to turn this information into a mechanistic understanding of fruits, and ultimately to design better fruits. Since high-quality data are a key requirement in modelling, a range of must-have parameters and variables is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isma Belouah
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Colombié
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- UMR 1287 EGFV, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sci Agro, F-Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | | | - Annick Moing
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Léa Roch
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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41
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Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Zhang X. Exploring the effects of selenium treatment on the nutritional quality of tomato fruit. Food Chem 2018; 252:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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42
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Liu K, Yuan C, Li H, Chen K, Lu L, Shen C, Zheng X. A qualitative proteome-wide lysine crotonylation profiling of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Sci Rep 2018; 8:8230. [PMID: 29844531 PMCID: PMC5974297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine crotonylation of histone proteins is a recently-identified post-translational modification with multiple cellular functions. However, no information about lysine crotonylation of non-histone proteins in fruit cells is available. Using high-resolution LC-MS/MS coupled with highly sensitive immune-affinity antibody analysis, a global crotonylation proteome analysis of papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) was performed. In total, 2,120 proteins with 5,995 lysine crotonylation sites were discovered, among which eight conserved motifs were identified. Bioinformatic analysis linked crotonylated proteins to multiple metabolic pathways, including biosynthesis of antibiotics, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and glycolysis. particularly, 40 crotonylated enzymes involved in various pathways of amino acid metabolism were identified, suggesting a potential conserved function for crotonylation in the regulation of amino acid metabolism. Numerous crotonylation sites were identified in proteins involved in the hormone signaling and cell wall-related pathways. Our comprehensive crotonylation proteome indicated diverse functions for lysine crotonylation in papaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China. .,College of Bioscience and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Changchun Yuan
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Haili Li
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Kunyan Chen
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Lishi Lu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310035, China.
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43
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Liu K, Yuan C, Li H, Chen K, Lu L, Shen C, Zheng X. A qualitative proteome-wide lysine crotonylation profiling of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29844531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598018-26676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine crotonylation of histone proteins is a recently-identified post-translational modification with multiple cellular functions. However, no information about lysine crotonylation of non-histone proteins in fruit cells is available. Using high-resolution LC-MS/MS coupled with highly sensitive immune-affinity antibody analysis, a global crotonylation proteome analysis of papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) was performed. In total, 2,120 proteins with 5,995 lysine crotonylation sites were discovered, among which eight conserved motifs were identified. Bioinformatic analysis linked crotonylated proteins to multiple metabolic pathways, including biosynthesis of antibiotics, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and glycolysis. particularly, 40 crotonylated enzymes involved in various pathways of amino acid metabolism were identified, suggesting a potential conserved function for crotonylation in the regulation of amino acid metabolism. Numerous crotonylation sites were identified in proteins involved in the hormone signaling and cell wall-related pathways. Our comprehensive crotonylation proteome indicated diverse functions for lysine crotonylation in papaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China.
- College of Bioscience and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Changchun Yuan
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Haili Li
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Kunyan Chen
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Lishi Lu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310035, China.
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44
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Li R, Li R, Li X, Fu D, Zhu B, Tian H, Luo Y, Zhu H. Multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated metabolic engineering of γ-aminobutyric acid levels in Solanum lycopersicum. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16. [PMID: 28640983 PMCID: PMC5787826 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the type II CRISPR system has become a widely used and robust technique to implement site-directed mutagenesis in a variety of species including model and crop plants. However, few studies manipulated metabolic pathways in plants using the CRISPR system. Here, we introduced the pYLCRISPR/Cas9 system with one or two single-site guide RNAs to target the tomato phytoene desaturase gene. An obvious albino phenotype was observed in T0 regenerated plants, and more than 61% of the desired target sites were edited. Furthermore, we manipulated the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt in tomatoes using a multiplex pYLCRISPR/Cas9 system that targeted five key genes. Fifty-three genome-edited plants were obtained following single plant transformation, and these samples represented single to quadruple mutants. The GABA accumulation in both the leaves and fruits of genomically edited lines was significantly enhanced, and the GABA content in the leaves of quadruple mutants was 19-fold higher than that in wild-type plants. Our data demonstrate that the multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 system can be exploited to precisely edit tomato genomic sequences and effectively create multisite knockout mutations, which could shed new light on plant metabolic engineering regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ran Li
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xindi Li
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Daqi Fu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huiqin Tian
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yunbo Luo
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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45
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Sasse J, Martinoia E, Northen T. Feed Your Friends: Do Plant Exudates Shape the Root Microbiome? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:25-41. [PMID: 29050989 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 772] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant health in natural environments depends on interactions with complex and dynamic communities comprising macro- and microorganisms. While many studies have provided insights into the composition of rhizosphere microbiomes (rhizobiomes), little is known about whether plants shape their rhizobiomes. Here, we discuss physiological factors of plants that may govern plant-microbe interactions, focusing on root physiology and the role of root exudates. Given that only a few plant transport proteins are known to be involved in root metabolite export, we suggest novel families putatively involved in this process. Finally, building off of the features discussed in this review, and in analogy to well-known symbioses, we elaborate on a possible sequence of events governing rhizobiome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Sasse
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Trent Northen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94958, USA.
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Sestili F, Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M, Pucci A, Bonini P, Canaguier R, Colla G. Protein Hydrolysate Stimulates Growth in Tomato Coupled With N-Dependent Gene Expression Involved in N Assimilation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1233. [PMID: 30186302 PMCID: PMC6113680 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived protein hydrolysates (PHs) have received increased attention in the last decade because of their potential to improve yield, nutritional quality as well as tolerance to abiotic stressors. The current study investigated the effects and the molecular mechanisms of a legume-derived PH under optimal and sub-optimal nitrogen (N) concentrations (112 and 7 mg L-1, respectively) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Growth and mineral composition of tomato plants treated with PHs by foliar spray or substrate drench were compared to untreated plants. In addition, the expression was determined of genes encoding ammonium and nitrate transporters and seven enzymes involved in N metabolism: nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase 1 (GS1), glutamine synthetase 2 (GS2), ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (GLT), NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (GLS), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). The root and total plant dry weight, SPAD index and leaf nitrogen content were higher by 21, 17, 7, and 6%, respectively, in plants treated by a substrate drench in comparison to untreated tomato plants, whereas foliar application of PH gave intermediate values. PH-treated plants grown with lower N availability showed reduced expression of NR and NiR as well as of nitrate and ammonium transporter transcripts in both leaf and root tissues in comparison with untreated plants; this was especially pronounced after application of PH by substrate drench. Conversely, the transcript level of an amino acid transporter gene was up-regulated in comparison with untreated plants. At high N regime, the transcript levels of the ammonium and amino acid transporters and also NR, NiR, and GLT were significantly up-regulated in root after PH foliar and substrate drench applications compared with untreated plants. An up-regulation was also observed for GS1, GS2, and GDH transcripts in leaf after substrate drench. These results highlighted the potential benefits of using legume PH in vegetable production systems to increase growth and N-nutritional status of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Pontecagnano, Italy
| | - Anna Pucci
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giuseppe Colla,
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Tegeder M, Masclaux-Daubresse C. Source and sink mechanisms of nitrogen transport and use. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:35-53. [PMID: 29120059 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 35 I. Introduction 35 II. Nitrogen acquisition and assimilation 36 III. Root-to-shoot transport of nitrogen 38 IV. Nitrogen storage pools in vegetative tissues 39 V. Nitrogen transport from source leaf to sink 40 VI. Nitrogen import into sinks 42 VII. Relationship between source and sink nitrogen transport processes and metabolism 43 VIII. Regulation of nitrogen transport 43 IX. Strategies for crop improvement 44 X. Conclusions 46 Acknowledgements 47 References 47 SUMMARY: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth. World-wide, large quantities of nitrogenous fertilizer are applied to ensure maximum crop productivity. However, nitrogen fertilizer application is expensive and negatively affects the environment, and subsequently human health. A strategy to address this problem is the development of crops that are efficient in acquiring and using nitrogen and that can achieve high seed yields with reduced nitrogen input. This review integrates the current knowledge regarding inorganic and organic nitrogen management at the whole-plant level, spanning from nitrogen uptake to remobilization and utilization in source and sink organs. Plant partitioning and transient storage of inorganic and organic nitrogen forms are evaluated, as is how they affect nitrogen availability, metabolism and mobilization. Essential functions of nitrogen transporters in source and sink organs and their importance in regulating nitrogen movement in support of metabolism, and vegetative and reproductive growth are assessed. Finally, we discuss recent advances in plant engineering, demonstrating that nitrogen transporters are effective targets to improve crop productivity and nitrogen use efficiency. While inorganic and organic nitrogen transporters were examined separately in these studies, they provide valuable clues about how to successfully combine approaches for future crop engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
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Berger B, Baldermann S, Ruppel S. The plant growth-promoting bacterium Kosakonia radicincitans improves fruit yield and quality of Solanum lycopersicum. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4865-4871. [PMID: 28382622 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production and the quality of tomato fruits have a strong economic relevance. Microorganisms such as the plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) Kosakonia radicincitans (DSM 16656) have been demonstrated to improve shoot and root growth of young tomato plants, but data on yield increase and fruit quality by K. radicincitans are lacking. RESULTS This study investigated how K. radicincitans affects tomato fruits. After inoculation of tomato seeds with K. radicincitans or a sodium chloride buffer control solution, stalk length, first flowering and the amount of ripened fruits produced by inoculated and non-inoculated plants were monitored over a period of 21 weeks. Inoculation of tomato seeds with K. radicincitans accelerated flowering and ripening of tomato fruits. Sugars, acidity, amino acids, volatile organic compounds and carotenoids in the fruits were also analyzed. CONCLUSION It was found that the PGPB K. radicincitans affected the amino acid, sugar and volatile composition of ripened fruits, contributing to a more pleasant-tasting fruit without forfeiting selected quality indicators. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Berger
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V., Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V., Grossbeeren, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Silke Ruppel
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V., Grossbeeren, Germany
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Dinkeloo K, Boyd S, Pilot G. Update on amino acid transporter functions and on possible amino acid sensing mechanisms in plants. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 74:105-113. [PMID: 28705659 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are essential components of plant metabolism, not only as constituents of proteins, but also as precursors of important secondary metabolites and as carriers of organic nitrogen between the organs of the plant. Transport across intracellular membranes and translocation of amino acids within the plant is mediated by membrane amino acid transporters. The past few years have seen the identification of a new family of amino acid transporters in Arabidopsis, the characterization of intracellular amino acid transporters, and the discovery of new roles for already known proteins. While amino acid metabolism needs to be tightly coordinated with amino acid transport activity and carbohydrate metabolism, no gene involved in amino acid sensing in plants has been unequivocally identified to date. This review aims at summarizing the recent data accumulated on the identity and function of amino acid transporters in plants, and discussing the possible identity of amino acid sensors based on data from other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasia Dinkeloo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Shelton Boyd
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Guillaume Pilot
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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Osmotic dehydration of organic kiwifruit pre-treated by pulsed electric fields: Internal transport and transformations analyzed by NMR. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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