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Pérez-Diz M, Rodríguez-Addesso B, Hussain MI, Rodríguez J, Novoa A, González L. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions provide new insights into the phenotypic plasticity of the invasive species Carpobrotus sp. pl. in different coastal habitats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162470. [PMID: 36842586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The genus Carpobrotus N.E.Br. comprises several aggressive invasive species that threaten biodiversity in coastal areas worldwide. We studied the phenotypic plasticity of Carpobrotus sp. pl. invading four coastal habitats in the north-western Iberian Peninsula (coastal cliffs, disturbed areas, dunes and coastal forests). We measured morphological traits and carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope compositions of Carpobrotus sp. pl. individuals collected in each habitat. Our results indicated that leaf carbon content (% C) and dry shoot weight were higher on cliffs and lower in mixed forests. In contrast, leaf hydration was higher in mixed forests and lower on cliffs. Leaf nitrogen content (% N) was higher in forests, which might be due to the presence of Acacia longifolia, an alien tree that accumulates N in the soil through symbiotic associations with N fixing bacteria. Differences in δ15N showed the use of different N sources in each habitat. Values were higher in disturbed areas with greater human activity and lower on cliffs and forests. δ13C was higher in cliffs and dunes, suggesting CAM activity where drought and salinity are more intense. Water use efficiency (iWUE) and δ13C were higher on cliffs and dunes, suggesting an adaptation and high tolerance of Carpobrotus sp. pl. to unfavourable conditions such as drought or salinity in the invaded areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pérez-Diz
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Berea Rodríguez-Addesso
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Jonatan Rodríguez
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; CRETUS, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ana Novoa
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Luís González
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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2
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Hoover DL, Abendroth LJ, Browning DM, Saha A, Snyder K, Wagle P, Witthaus L, Baffaut C, Biederman JA, Bosch DD, Bracho R, Busch D, Clark P, Ellsworth P, Fay PA, Flerchinger G, Kearney S, Levers L, Saliendra N, Schmer M, Schomberg H, Scott RL. Indicators of water use efficiency across diverse agroecosystems and spatiotemporal scales. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:160992. [PMID: 36535470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between water and production within and across agroecosystems is essential for addressing several agricultural challenges of the 21st century: providing food, fuel, and fiber to a growing human population, reducing the environmental impacts of agricultural production, and adapting food systems to climate change. Of all human activities, agriculture has the highest demand for water globally. Therefore, increasing water use efficiency (WUE), or producing 'more crop per drop', has been a long-term goal of agricultural management, engineering, and crop breeding. WUE is a widely used term applied across a diverse array of spatial scales, spanning from the leaf to the globe, and over temporal scales ranging from seconds to months to years. The measurement, interpretation, and complexity of WUE varies enormously across these spatial and temporal scales, challenging comparisons within and across diverse agroecosystems. The goals of this review are to evaluate common indicators of WUE in agricultural production and assess tradeoffs when applying these indicators within and across agroecosystems amidst a changing climate. We examine three questions: (1) what are the uses and limitations of common WUE indicators, (2) how can WUE indicators be applied within and across agroecosystems, and (3) how can WUE indicators help adapt agriculture to climate change? Addressing these agricultural challenges will require land managers, producers, policy makers, researchers, and consumers to evaluate costs and benefits of practices and innovations of water use in agricultural production. Clearly defining and interpreting WUE in the most scale-appropriate way is crucial for advancing agroecosystem sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Hoover
- USDA-ARS, Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, Crops Research Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Lori J Abendroth
- USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dawn M Browning
- USDA-ARS, Range Management Research Unit, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Amartya Saha
- Archbold Biological Station, Agroecology Laboratory, Lake Placid, FL, USA
| | - Keirith Snyder
- USDA-ARS, Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Pradeep Wagle
- USDA-ARS, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK, USA
| | | | - Claire Baffaut
- USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - David D Bosch
- USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Rosvel Bracho
- School of Forests, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dennis Busch
- School of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin-Platteville, Platteville, WI, USA
| | - Patrick Clark
- USDA-ARS, Northwest Watershed Research Center, Boise, ID, USA
| | | | - Philip A Fay
- USDA-ARS, Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX, USA
| | | | - Sean Kearney
- USDA-ARS, Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, Crops Research Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lucia Levers
- USDA-ARS, Sustainable Agriculture Water Systems, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nicanor Saliendra
- USDA-ARS, Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, Mandan, ND, USA
| | - Marty Schmer
- USDA-ARS, Agroecosystems Management Research Unit, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Harry Schomberg
- USDA-ARS, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Russell L Scott
- USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
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3
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Blankenagel S, Eggels S, Frey M, Grill E, Bauer E, Dawid C, Fernie AR, Haberer G, Hammerl R, Barbosa Medeiros D, Ouzunova M, Presterl T, Ruß V, Schäufele R, Schlüter U, Tardieu F, Urbany C, Urzinger S, Weber APM, Schön CC, Avramova V. Natural alleles of the abscisic acid catabolism gene ZmAbh4 modulate water use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3860-3872. [PMID: 35792867 PMCID: PMC9520448 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Altering plant water use efficiency (WUE) is a promising approach for achieving sustainable crop production in changing climate scenarios. Here, we show that WUE can be tuned by alleles of a single gene discovered in elite maize (Zea mays) breeding material. Genetic dissection of a genomic region affecting WUE led to the identification of the gene ZmAbh4 as causative for the effect. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ZmAbh4 inactivation increased WUE without growth reductions in well-watered conditions. ZmAbh4 encodes an enzyme that hydroxylates the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and initiates its catabolism. Stomatal conductance is regulated by ABA and emerged as a major link between variation in WUE and discrimination against the heavy carbon isotope (Δ13C) during photosynthesis in the C4 crop maize. Changes in Δ13C persisted in kernel material, which offers an easy-to-screen proxy for WUE. Our results establish a direct physiological and genetic link between WUE and Δ13C through a single gene with potential applications in maize breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Frey
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Eva Bauer
- Campus Office, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 22, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Georg Haberer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richard Hammerl
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - David Barbosa Medeiros
- Central Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Victoria Ruß
- Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Rudi Schäufele
- Grassland, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 12, 85654 Freising, Germany
| | - Urte Schlüter
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Francois Tardieu
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), Place Viala, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Claude Urbany
- KWS SAAT SE, Grimsehlstraße 31, 37555 Einbeck, Germany
| | - Sebastian Urzinger
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chris-Carolin Schön
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Aggarwal PR, Pramitha L, Choudhary P, Singh RK, Shukla P, Prasad M, Muthamilarasan M. Multi-omics intervention in Setaria to dissect climate-resilient traits: Progress and prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:892736. [PMID: 36119586 PMCID: PMC9470963 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.892736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Millets constitute a significant proportion of underutilized grasses and are well known for their climate resilience as well as excellent nutritional profiles. Among millets, foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and its wild relative green foxtail (S. viridis) are collectively regarded as models for studying broad-spectrum traits, including abiotic stress tolerance, C4 photosynthesis, biofuel, and nutritional traits. Since the genome sequence release, the crop has seen an exponential increase in omics studies to dissect agronomic, nutritional, biofuel, and climate-resilience traits. These studies have provided first-hand information on the structure, organization, evolution, and expression of several genes; however, knowledge of the precise roles of such genes and their products remains elusive. Several open-access databases have also been instituted to enable advanced scientific research on these important crops. In this context, the current review enumerates the contemporary trend of research on understanding the climate resilience and other essential traits in Setaria, the knowledge gap, and how the information could be translated for the crop improvement of related millets, biofuel crops, and cereals. Also, the review provides a roadmap for studying other underutilized crop species using Setaria as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rani Aggarwal
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lydia Pramitha
- School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pooja Choudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Pooja Shukla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Contreras-Soto RI, Zacarias Rafael D, Domingos Moiana L, Maldonado C, Mora-Poblete F. Variation in Root-Related Traits Is Associated With Water Uptake in Lagenaria siceraria Genotypes Under Water-Deficit Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897256. [PMID: 35720562 PMCID: PMC9201500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In many agricultural areas, crop production has decreased due to a lack of water availability, which is having a negative impact on sustainability and putting food security at risk. In plants, the plasticity of the root system architecture (RSA) is considered to be a key trait driving the modification of the growth and structure of roots in response to water deficits. The purpose of this study was to examine the plasticity of the RSA traits (mean root diameter, MRD; root volume, RV; root length, RL; and root surface area, SA) associated with drought tolerance in eight Lagenaria siceraria (Mol. Standl) genotypes, representing three different geographical origins: South Africa (BG-58, BG-78, and GC), Asia (Philippines and South Korea), and Chile (Illapel, Chepica, and Osorno). The RSA changes were evaluated at four substrate depths (from 0 to 40 cm). Bottle gourd genotypes were grown in 20 L capacity pots under two contrasting levels of irrigation (well-watered and water-deficit conditions). The results showed that the water productivity (WP) had a significant effect on plasticity values, with the Chilean accessions having the highest values. Furthermore, Illapel and Chepica genotypes presented the highest WP, MRD, and RV values under water-deficit conditions, in which MRD and RV were significant in the deeper layers (20-30 and 30-40 cm). Biplot analysis showed that the Illapel and Chepica genotypes presented a high WP, MRD, and RV, which confirmed that these may be promising drought-tolerant genotypes. Consequently, increased root diameter and volume in bottle gourd may constitute a response to a water deficit. The RSA traits studied here can be used as selection criteria in bottle gourd breeding programs under water-deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Iván Contreras-Soto
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O' Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | | | | | - Carlos Maldonado
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O' Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
- *Correspondence: Carlos Maldonado
| | - Freddy Mora-Poblete
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Freddy Mora-Poblete
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6
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Liu B, Jing D, Liu F, Ma H, Liu X, Peng L. Serendipita indica alleviates drought stress responses in walnut (Juglans regia L.) seedlings by stimulating osmotic adjustment and antioxidant defense system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8951-8968. [PMID: 34735609 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Juglans regia L. is a good host for Serendipita indica. Under drought condition, seedlings colonized with S. indica showed higher values in plant height, total fresh biomass, root/shoot ratio, relative growth rate, leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, maximal photochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching, and effective photosystem II quantum yield than the uncolonized seedlings. It suggested beneficial effects of S. indica on host plants' growth and physiological parameters in response to drought. In comparison with the uncolonized seedlings, S. indica-colonized seedlings showed lower levels in hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, malondialdehyde, and relative electrical conductivity under drought condition, suggesting the ability of S. indica to prevent or retard the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and to diminish the oxidative injure. Furthermore, walnut seedlings responded to drought by actively accumulating osmotic regulation substances including soluble protein, soluble sugar, and proline. Root colonization with S. indica was more conductive to the accumulation. Moreover, in response to drought stress, walnut seedlings, regardless of colonization, increased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase, levels of ascorbate and glutathione, and ratios of reduced ascorbate/dehydroascorbic acid and reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione in leaves and roots. S. indica colonization induced much more increase in the abovementioned indicators as compared to the uncolonized seedlings. Overall, S. indica colonization alleviated the detrimental effects of drought stress by altering root system, enhancing osmotic adjustment, and repressing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species via stimulating antioxidant system including enzymatic and nonenzymatic components. KEY POINTS: • S. indica stimulated root growth of walnut seedlings under drought condition. • S. indica accelerated osmotic adjustment under drought condition. • S. indica activated antioxidant defense mechanism under drought condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Liu
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China. .,Economic Forest Products Quality Inspection Test Center of State Forestry Administration (Jinan), Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Dawei Jing
- Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Fangchun Liu
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Forest Vegetation, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Forest Vegetation, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xinghong Liu
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
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7
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Sorgini CA, Roberts LM, Sullivan M, Cousins AB, Baxter I, Studer AJ. The genetic architecture of leaf stable carbon isotope composition in Zea mays and the effect of transpiration efficiency on leaf elemental accumulation. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6321231. [PMID: 34544133 PMCID: PMC8661388 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
With increased demand on freshwater resources for agriculture, it is imperative that more water-use efficient crops are developed. Leaf stable carbon isotope composition, δ13C, is a proxy for transpiration efficiency and a possible tool for breeders, but the underlying mechanisms effecting δ13C in C4 plants are not known. It has been suggested that differences in specific leaf area (SLA), which potentially reflects variation in internal CO2 diffusion, can impact leaf δ13C. Furthermore, although it is known that water movement is important for elemental uptake, it is not clear how manipulation of transpiration for increased water-use efficiency may impact nutrient accumulation. Here, we characterize the genetic architecture of leaf δ13C and test its relationship to SLA and the ionome in five populations of maize. Five significant QTL for leaf δ13C were identified, including novel QTL as well as some that were identified previously in maize kernels. One of the QTL regions contains an Erecta-like gene, the ortholog of which has been shown to regulate transpiration efficiency and leaf δ13C in Arabidopsis. QTL for δ13C were located in the same general chromosome region, but slightly shifted, when comparing data from two different years. Our data does not support a relationship between δ13C and SLA, and of the 19 elements analyzed, only a weak correlation between molybdenum and δ13C was detected. Together these data add to the genetic understanding of leaf δ13C in maize and suggest that improvements to plant water use may be possible without significantly influencing elemental homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal A Sorgini
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lucas M Roberts
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Madsen Sullivan
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Ivan Baxter
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Anthony J Studer
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Sales CRG, Wang Y, Evers JB, Kromdijk J. Improving C4 photosynthesis to increase productivity under optimal and suboptimal conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5942-5960. [PMID: 34268575 PMCID: PMC8411859 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although improving photosynthetic efficiency is widely recognized as an underutilized strategy to increase crop yields, research in this area is strongly biased towards species with C3 photosynthesis relative to C4 species. Here, we outline potential strategies for improving C4 photosynthesis to increase yields in crops by reviewing the major bottlenecks limiting the C4 NADP-malic enzyme pathway under optimal and suboptimal conditions. Recent experimental results demonstrate that steady-state C4 photosynthesis under non-stressed conditions can be enhanced by increasing Rubisco content or electron transport capacity, both of which may also stimulate CO2 assimilation at supraoptimal temperatures. Several additional putative bottlenecks for photosynthetic performance under drought, heat, or chilling stress or during photosynthetic induction await further experimental verification. Based on source-sink interactions in maize, sugarcane, and sorghum, alleviating these photosynthetic bottlenecks during establishment and growth of the harvestable parts are likely to improve yield. The expected benefits are also shown to be augmented by the increasing trend in planting density, which increases the impact of photosynthetic source limitation on crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R G Sales
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jochem B Evers
- Centre for Crops Systems Analysis (WUR), Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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9
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Xie H, Hou J, Fu N, Wei M, Li Y, Yu K, Song H, Li S, Liu J. Identification of QTL related to anther color and hull color by RAD sequencing in a RIL population of Setaria italica. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:556. [PMID: 34281524 PMCID: PMC8290542 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is one of the oldest domesticated crops and has been considered as an ideal model plant for C4 grasses. It has abundant type of anther and hull colors which is not only a most intuitive morphological marker for color selection in seed production, but also has very important biological significance for the study of molecular mechanism of regulating the synthesis and metabolism of flavonoids and lignin. However, only a few genetic studies have been reported for anther color and hull color in foxtail millet. Results Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for anther color and hull color was conducted using 400 F6 and F7 recombinant inbreed lines (RILs) derived from a cross between parents Yugu18 and Jigu19. Using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing, 43,001 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 3,022 indels were identified between both the parents and the RILs. A total of 1,304 bin markers developed from the SNPs and indels were used to construct a genetic map that spanned 2196 cM of the foxtail millet genome with an average of 1.68 cM/bin. Combined with this genetic map and the phenotypic data observed in two locations for two years, two QTL located on chromosome 6 (Chr6) in a 1.215-Mb interval (33,627,819–34,877,940 bp) for anther color (yellow - white) and three QTL located on Chr1 in a 6.23-Mb interval (1–6,229,734 bp) for hull color (gold-reddish brown) were detected. To narrow the QTL regions identified from the genetic map and QTL analysis, we developed a new method named “inconsistent rate analysis” and efficiently narrowed the QTL regions of anther color into a 60-kb interval (34.13–34.19 Mb) in Chr6, and narrowed the QTL regions of hull color into 70-kb (5.43–5.50 Mb) and 30-kb (5.69–5.72 Mb) intervals in Chr1. Two genes (Seita.6G228600.v2.2 and Seita.6G228700.v2.2) and a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) gene (Seita.1G057300.v2.2) with amino acid changes between the parents detected by whole-genome resequencing were identified as candidate genes for anther and hull color, respectively. Conclusions This work presents the related QTL and candidate genes of anther and hull color in foxtail millet and developed a new method named inconsistent rate analysis to detect the chromosome fragments linked with the quality trait in RILs. This is the first study of the QTL related to hull color in foxtail millet and clarifying that the CAD gene (Seita.1G057300.v2.2) is the key gene responsible for this trait. It lays the foundation for further cloning of the functional genes and provides a powerful tool to detect the chromosome fragments linked with quality traits in RILs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07882-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Xie
- Anyang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 455000, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Junliang Hou
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Fu
- Anyang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 455000, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Menghan Wei
- Anyang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 455000, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Yu
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Song
- Anyang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 455000, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Shiming Li
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jinrong Liu
- Anyang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 455000, Anyang, Henan, China.
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Prakash PT, Banan D, Paul RE, Feldman MJ, Xie D, Freyfogle L, Baxter I, Leakey ADB. Correlation and co-localization of QTL for stomatal density, canopy temperature, and productivity with and without drought stress in Setaria. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5024-5037. [PMID: 33893796 PMCID: PMC8219040 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic modeling indicates that stomatal conductance could be reduced to improve water use efficiency (WUE) in C4 crops. Genetic variation in stomatal density and canopy temperature was evaluated in the model C4 genus, Setaria. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a Setaria italica×Setaria viridis cross were grown with ample or limiting water supply under field conditions in Illinois. An optical profilometer was used to rapidly assess stomatal patterning, and canopy temperature was measured using infrared imaging. Stomatal density and canopy temperature were positively correlated but both were negatively correlated with total above-ground biomass. These trait relationships suggest a likely interaction between stomatal density and the other drivers of water use such as stomatal size and aperture. Multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for stomatal density and canopy temperature, including co-located QTL on chromosomes 5 and 9. The direction of the additive effect of these QTL on chromosome 5 and 9 was in accordance with the positive phenotypic relationship between these two traits. This, along with prior experiments, suggests a common genetic architecture between stomatal patterning and WUE in controlled environments with canopy transpiration and productivity in the field, while highlighting the potential of Setaria as a model to understand the physiology and genetics of WUE in C4 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiban Thathapalli Prakash
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Darshi Banan
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rachel E Paul
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Dan Xie
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Luke Freyfogle
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ivan Baxter
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Eggels S, Blankenagel S, Schön CC, Avramova V. The carbon isotopic signature of C 4 crops and its applicability in breeding for climate resilience. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1663-1675. [PMID: 33575820 PMCID: PMC8205923 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Carbon isotope discrimination is a promising trait for indirect screening for improved water use efficiency of C4 crops. In the context of a changing climate, drought is one of the major factors limiting plant growth and yield. Hence, breeding efforts are directed toward improving water use efficiency (WUE) as a key factor in climate resilience and sustainability of crop production. As WUE is a complex trait and its evaluation is rather resource consuming, proxy traits, which are easier to screen and reliably reflect variation in WUE, are needed. In C3 crops, a trait established to be indicative for WUE is the carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of plant material, which reflects the preferential assimilation of the lighter carbon isotope 12C over 13C during photosynthesis. In C4 crops, carbon fixation is more complex and δ13C thus depends on many more factors than in C3 crops. Recent physiological and genetic studies indicate a correlation between δ13C and WUE also in C4 crops, as well as a colocalization of quantitative trait loci for the two traits. Moreover, significant intraspecific variation as well as a medium to high heritability of δ13C has been shown in some of the main C4 crops, such as maize, sorghum and sugarcane, indicating its potential for indirect selection and breeding. Further research on physiological, genetic and environmental components influencing δ13C is needed to support its application in improving WUE and making C4 crops resilient to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Eggels
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Sonja Blankenagel
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Chris-Carolin Schön
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Viktoriya Avramova
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Correction. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1960. [PMID: 33463842 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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