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Caldana C, Carrari F, Fernie AR, Sampathkumar A. How metabolism and development are intertwined in space and time. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:347-359. [PMID: 37433681 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Developmental transitions, occurring throughout the life cycle of plants, require precise regulation of metabolic processes to generate the energy and resources necessary for the committed growth processes. In parallel, the establishment of new cells, tissues, and even organs, alongside their differentiation provoke profound changes in metabolism. It is increasingly being recognized that there is a certain degree of feedback regulation between the components and products of metabolic pathways and developmental regulators. The generation of large-scale metabolomics datasets during developmental transitions, in combination with molecular genetic approaches has helped to further our knowledge on the functional importance of metabolic regulation of development. In this perspective article, we provide insights into studies that elucidate interactions between metabolism and development at the temporal and spatial scales. We additionally discuss how this influences cell growth-related processes. We also highlight how metabolic intermediates function as signaling molecules to direct plant development in response to changing internal and external conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Caldana
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Fernando Carrari
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Arun Sampathkumar
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Ramírez-Olvera SM, Sandoval-Villa M. Uses, Botanical Characteristics, and Phenological Development of Slender Nightshade ( Solanum nigrescens Mart. and Gal.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1645. [PMID: 37111868 PMCID: PMC10145186 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Slender nightshade (Solanum nigrescens Mart. and Gal.) is a perennial, herbaceous plant from the Solanaceae family, which is distributed in various environments. The aim of this study was to review the scientific literature and to establish slender nightshade plants under greenhouse conditions in order to record their phenological development. The specialized literature regarding the distribution, botanical characteristics, and uses of such species was analyzed. The phenological development was recorded based on the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, Chemische Industrie) guide. Slender nightshade seeds were germinated under greenhouse conditions, then transferred to red porous volcano gravel locally known as tezontle in black polyethylene bags and watered with a Steiner nutrient solution. Changes in phenology were monitored and recorded from germination to the ripening of fruit and seeds. Slender nightshade has a wide distribution in Mexico and is used for medicinal and gastronomical purposes, as well as to control pathogens. The phenological development of slender nightshade has seven stages from germination to the ripening of fruit and seeds. Slender nightshade is a poorly studied plant with potential for human consumption. The phenological recording provides a tool for its management and further research as a crop.
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Chakraborty A, Chaudhury R, Dutta S, Basak M, Dey S, Schäffner AR, Das M. Role of metabolites in flower development and discovery of compounds controlling flowering time. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:109-118. [PMID: 36113306 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is one of the most important physiological processes of plants that ensures continuity of genetic flow from one generation to the next and also maintains food security. Therefore, impact of various climate-related abiotic stresses on flowering have been assessed to evaluate the long-term impact of global climate change. In contrast to the enormous volume of research that has been conducted at the genetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and protein level, much less attention has been paid to understand the role of various metabolites in flower induction and floral organ development during normal growth or in stressed environmental condition. This review article aims at summarizing information on various primary (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acid derivatives, protein and amino acids) and secondary metabolites (e.g., polyamines, phenolics, neuro-indoles, phenylpropanoid, flavonoids and terpenes) that have so far been identified either during flower induction or in individual floral organs implying their possible role in organ development. Specialized metabolites responsible for flower colour, scent and shape to support plant-pollinator interaction have been extensively reviewed by many research groups and hence are not considered in this article. Many of the metabolites discussed here may be used as metabolomarkers to identify tolerant crop genotypes. Several agrochemicals have been successfully used to release endodormancy in temperate trees. Along the same line, a strategy that combines metabolite profiling, screening of small-molecule libraries, and structural alteration of selected compounds has been proposed in order to identify novel lead compounds that can regulate flowering time when applied exogenously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rim Chaudhury
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Smritikana Dutta
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India; Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mridushree Basak
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sonali Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Malay Das
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
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Targeted Metabolomics Provide Chemotaxonomic Insights of Medicago ruthenica, with Coupled Transcriptomics Elucidating the Mechanism Underlying Floral Coloration. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182408. [PMID: 36145809 PMCID: PMC9505912 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Medicago ruthenica, a wild legume forage widely distributed in the Eurasian steppe, demonstrates high genetic and phenotypic variation. M. ruthenica with a purely yellow flower (YFM), differing from the general phenotype of M. ruthenica with a purple flower (PFM), was recently discovered. The similar characteristics of YFM with Medicago falcata have led to conflicting opinions on its taxonomy using traditional morphological methods. The lack of chemotaxonomy information about M. ruthenica species and the unclear flower coloration mechanisms have hampered their study. Here, we investigated M. ruthenica using targeted metabolomics based on the chemotaxonomy method and elaborated the floral coloration mechanisms using transcriptomics. The identified flavonoids were the same types, but there were different contents in YFM and PFM, especially the contents of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin that causes the purple-reddish color of flowers. The over-accumulation of C3G in PFM was 1,770 times more than YFM. Nineteen anthocyanin-related genes were downregulated in YFM compared with their expression in PFM. Thus, YFM could be defined as a variety of M. ruthenica rather than a different species. The loss of purple flower coloration in YFM was attributed to the downregulation of these genes, resulting in reduced C3G accumulation. The taxonomic characteristics and molecular and physiological characteristics of this species will contribute to further research on other species with similar external morphologies.
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Borghi M, Perez de Souza L, Tohge T, Mi J, Melandri G, Proost S, Martins MCM, Al-Babili S, Bouwmeester HJ, Fernie AR. High-energy-level metabolism and transport occur at the transition from closed to open flowers. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:319-339. [PMID: 35640120 PMCID: PMC9434183 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During the maturation phase of flower development, the onset of anthesis visibly marks the transition from buds to open flowers, during which petals stretch out, nectar secretion commences, and pollination occurs. Analysis of the metabolic changes occurring during this developmental transition has primarily focused on specific classes of metabolites, such as pigments and scent emission, and far less on the whole network of primary and secondary metabolites. To investigate the metabolic changes occurring at anthesis, we performed multi-platform metabolomics alongside RNA sequencing in individual florets harvested from the main inflorescence of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ecotype Col-0. To trace metabolic fluxes at the level of the whole inflorescence and individual florets, we further integrated these studies with radiolabeled experiments. These extensive analyses revealed high-energy-level metabolism and transport of carbohydrates and amino acids, supporting intense metabolic rearrangements occurring at the time of this floral transition. These comprehensive data are discussed in the context of our current understanding of the metabolic shifts underlying flower opening. We envision that this analysis will facilitate the introgression of floral metabolic traits promoting pollination in crop species for which a comprehensive knowledge of flower metabolism is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Borghi
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84321-5305, USA
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | | | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jianing Mi
- The Bioactives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giovanni Melandri
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, UMR BFP, Villenave d’Ornon 33140, France
| | - Sebastian Proost
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Marina C M Martins
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- In Press—Consultoria e Comunicação Científica, São Paulo 05089-030, Brazil
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The Bioactives Lab, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Terletskaya NV, Korbozova NK, Grazhdannikov AE, Seitimova GA, Meduntseva ND, Kudrina NO. Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites of Rhodiola semenovii Boriss. In Situ in the Dynamics of Growth and Development. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070622. [PMID: 35888746 PMCID: PMC9323023 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola semenovii Boriss. (Regel and Herder) might be a promising replacement for the well-known but endangered Rhodiola rosea L. In this research, the metabolic profile of R. semenovii, including drug-active and stress-resistant components, was studied in the context of source–sink interactions in situ in the dynamics of growth and development. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection and liquid chromatography methods were used. The data obtained allow for assumptions to be made about which secondary metabolites determine the level of stress resistance in R. semenovii at different stages of ontogeny in situ. For the first time, an expansion in the content of salidroside in the above-ground organs, with its maximum value during the period of seed maturation, and a significant decrease in its content in the root were revealed in the dynamics of vegetation. These results allow us to recommend collecting the ground component of R. semenovii for pharmaceutical purposes throughout the seed development stage without damaging the root system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V. Terletskaya
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan; (N.K.K.); (G.A.S.); (N.D.M.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: (N.V.T.); (N.O.K.); Tel.: +7-(777)-299-3335 (N.V.T.); +7-(705)-181-1440 (N.O.K.)
| | - Nazym K. Korbozova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan; (N.K.K.); (G.A.S.); (N.D.M.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander E. Grazhdannikov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Gulnaz A. Seitimova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan; (N.K.K.); (G.A.S.); (N.D.M.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nataliya D. Meduntseva
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan; (N.K.K.); (G.A.S.); (N.D.M.)
| | - Nataliya O. Kudrina
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan; (N.K.K.); (G.A.S.); (N.D.M.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi Avenue 93, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: (N.V.T.); (N.O.K.); Tel.: +7-(777)-299-3335 (N.V.T.); +7-(705)-181-1440 (N.O.K.)
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Lin Y, Jones ML. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Editing of Autophagy Gene 6 in Petunia Decreases Flower Longevity, Seed Yield, and Phosphorus Remobilization by Accelerating Ethylene Production and Senescence-Related Gene Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:840218. [PMID: 35557714 PMCID: PMC9088004 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.840218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developmental petal senescence is a type of programmed cell death (PCD), during which the production of ethylene is induced, the expression of PCD-related genes is upregulated, and nutrients are recycled. Autophagy is an intracellular mechanism involved in PCD modulation and nutrient cycling. As a central component of the autophagy pathway, Autophagy Gene 6 (ATG6) was previously shown as a negative regulator of petal senescence. To better understand the role of autophagy in ethylene biosynthesis and nutrient remobilization during petal senescence, we generated and characterized the knockout (KO) mutants of PhATG6 using CRISPR/Cas9 in Petunia × hybrida 'Mitchell Diploid.' PhATG6-KO lines exhibited decreased flower longevity when compared to the flowers of the wild-type or a non-mutated regenerative line (controls), confirming the negative regulatory role of ATG6 in petal senescence. Smaller capsules and fewer seeds per capsule were produced in the KO plants, indicating the crucial function of autophagy in seed production. Ethylene production and ethylene biosynthesis genes were upregulated earlier in the KO lines than the controls, indicating that autophagy affects flower longevity through ethylene. The transcript levels of petal PCD-related genes, including PhATG6, PhATG8d, PhPI3K (Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase), and a metacaspase gene PhMC1, were upregulated earlier in the corollas of PhATG6-KO lines, which supported the accelerated PCD in the KO plants. The remobilization of phosphorus was reduced in the KO lines, showing that nutrient recycling was compromised. Our study demonstrated the important role of autophagy in flower lifespan and seed production and supported the interactions between autophagy and various regulatory factors during developmental petal senescence.
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Borghi M, Perez de Souza L, Fernie AR. Measurement of Flower Metabolite Concentrations Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2484:3-12. [PMID: 35461440 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2253-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolite profiling aiming at quantifying the metabolome of flowers is emerging as a suitable tool to understand the metabolic complexity of these reproductive organs and the associations between primary and secondary metabolites which characterize them. This chapter provides a general method for the combined analyses of primary and secondary metabolites via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) of flower samples. We describe the preparatory steps, the procedure of metabolites' extraction and finally provide examples of data representation. The method described here can be applied to the analysis of metabolomes of entire flowers, as well as specific flower organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Borghi
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
| | | | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Lipson Feder C, Cohen O, Shapira A, Katzir I, Peer R, Guberman O, Procaccia S, Berman P, Flaishman M, Meiri D. Fertilization Following Pollination Predominantly Decreases Phytocannabinoids Accumulation and Alters the Accumulation of Terpenoids in Cannabis Inflorescences. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:753847. [PMID: 34804093 PMCID: PMC8602813 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.753847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, growing evidence showed the therapeutic capabilities of Cannabis plants. These capabilities were attributed to the specialized secondary metabolites stored in the glandular trichomes of female inflorescences, mainly phytocannabinoids and terpenoids. The accumulation of the metabolites in the flower is versatile and influenced by a largely unknown regulation system, attributed to genetic, developmental and environmental factors. As Cannabis is a dioecious plant, one main factor is fertilization after successful pollination. Fertilized flowers are considerably less potent, likely due to changes in the contents of phytocannabinoids and terpenoids; therefore, this study examined the effect of fertilization on metabolite composition by crossbreeding (-)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)- or cannabidiol (CBD)-rich female plants with different male plants: THC-rich, CBD-rich, or the original female plant induced to develop male pollen sacs. We used advanced analytical methods to assess the phytocannabinoids and terpenoids content, including a newly developed semi-quantitative analysis for terpenoids without analytical standards. We found that fertilization significantly decreased phytocannabinoids content. For terpenoids, the subgroup of monoterpenoids had similar trends to the phytocannabinoids, proposing both are commonly regulated in the plant. The sesquiterpenoids remained unchanged in the THC-rich female and had a trend of decrease in the CBD-rich female. Additionally, specific phytocannabinoids and terpenoids showed an uncommon increase in concentration followed by fertilization with particular male plants. Our results demonstrate that although the profile of phytocannabinoids and their relative ratios were kept, fertilization substantially decreased the concentration of nearly all phytocannabinoids in the plant regardless of the type of fertilizing male. Our findings may point to the functional roles of secondary metabolites in Cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carni Lipson Feder
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oded Cohen
- Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Anna Shapira
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Itay Katzir
- Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Reut Peer
- Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ohad Guberman
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shiri Procaccia
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Paula Berman
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moshe Flaishman
- Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - David Meiri
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Liu Y, Watanabe M, Yasukawa S, Kawamura Y, Aneklaphakij C, Fernie AR, Tohge T. Cross-Species Metabolic Profiling of Floral Specialized Metabolism Facilitates Understanding of Evolutional Aspects of Metabolism Among Brassicaceae Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:640141. [PMID: 33868339 PMCID: PMC8045754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a variety of floral specialized (secondary) metabolites with roles in several physiological functions, including light-protection, attraction of pollinators, and protection against herbivores. Pigments and volatiles synthesized in the petal have been focused on and characterized as major chemical factors influencing pollination. Recent advances in plant metabolomics have revealed that the major floral specialized metabolites found in land plant species are hydroxycinnamates, phenolamides, and flavonoids albeit these are present in various quantities and encompass diverse chemical structures in different species. Here, we analyzed numerous floral specialized metabolites in 20 different Brassicaceae genotypes encompassing both different species and in the case of crop species different cultivars including self-compatible (SC) and self-incompatible (SI) species by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Of the 228 metabolites detected in flowers among 20 Brassicaceae species, 15 metabolite peaks including one phenylacyl-flavonoids and five phenolamides were detected and annotated as key metabolites to distinguish SC and SI plant species, respectively. Our results provide a family-wide metabolic framework and delineate signatures for compatible and incompatible genotypes thereby providing insight into evolutionary aspects of floral metabolism in Brassicaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| | - Sayuri Yasukawa
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yuriko Kawamura
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| | - Chaiwat Aneklaphakij
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
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de Souza LP, Borghi M, Fernie A. Plant Single-Cell Metabolomics-Challenges and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8987. [PMID: 33256100 PMCID: PMC7730874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Omics approaches for investigating biological systems were introduced in the mid-1990s and quickly consolidated to become a fundamental pillar of modern biology. The idea of measuring the whole complement of genes, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites has since become widespread and routinely adopted in the pursuit of an infinity of scientific questions. Incremental improvements over technical aspects such as sampling, sensitivity, cost, and throughput pushed even further the boundaries of what these techniques can achieve. In this context, single-cell genomics and transcriptomics quickly became a well-established tool to answer fundamental questions challenging to assess at a whole tissue level. Following a similar trend as the original development of these techniques, proteomics alternatives for single-cell exploration have become more accessible and reliable, whilst metabolomics lag behind the rest. This review summarizes state-of-the-art technologies for spatially resolved metabolomics analysis, as well as the challenges hindering the achievement of sensu stricto metabolome coverage at the single-cell level. Furthermore, we discuss several essential contributions to understanding plant single-cell metabolism, finishing with our opinion on near-future developments and relevant scientific questions that will hopefully be tackled by incorporating these new exciting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Müehlenberg 1, Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Monica Borghi
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 1435 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA;
| | - Alisdair Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Müehlenberg 1, Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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