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Johansen VBI, Hampson E, Tsonou E, Pantarelli C, Chu JY, Crossland L, Okkenhaug H, Massey AJ, Hornigold DC, Welch HCE, Chetwynd SA. The GPCR adaptor protein Norbin regulates S1PR1 trafficking and the morphology, cell cycle and survival of PC12 cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18237. [PMID: 37880240 PMCID: PMC10600135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Norbin is an adaptor protein that binds numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is highly expressed in neurons, and is essential for a functioning nervous system in rodent models. Yet, beyond its control of neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity, few cellular roles of Norbin have been investigated to date. Furthermore, while Norbin is known to regulate the steady-state cell surface levels of several GPCRs, only in one case has the protein been shown to control the agonist-induced receptor internalisation which serves to attenuate GPCR signalling. Here, we generated a Norbin-deficient PC12 cell line which enabled us to study both the cellular functions of Norbin and its roles in GPCR trafficking and signalling. We show that Norbin limits cell size and spreading, and is required for the growth, viability and cell cycle progression of PC12 cells. We also found that Norbin regulates both the steady-state surface level and agonist-induced internalisation of the GPCR sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) in these cells, suggesting that its role in agonist-dependent GPCR trafficking is more widespread than previously appreciated. Finally, we show that Norbin limits the S1P-stimulated activation of Akt and p38 Mapk, and is required for the activation of Erk in PC12 cells. Together, our findings provide a better understanding of the cellular functions of Norbin and its control of GPCR trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemar B I Johansen
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth Hampson
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd., Cambridge, UK
| | - Elpida Tsonou
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chiara Pantarelli
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Julia Y Chu
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Laraine Crossland
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | | | - David C Hornigold
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heidi C E Welch
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - Stephen A Chetwynd
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
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Zhao X, Kiyozuka K, Konishi A, Kawabata-Iwakawa R, Minamishima YA, Obinata H. Actin-binding protein Filamin B regulates the cell-surface retention of endothelial sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1. J Biol Chem 2023:104851. [PMID: 37220855 PMCID: PMC10300261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor essential for vascular development and postnatal vascular homeostasis. When exposed to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in the blood of ∼1 μM, S1PR1 in endothelial cells retains cell-surface localization, while lymphocyte S1PR1 shows almost complete internalization, suggesting the cell-surface retention of S1PR1 is endothelial cell-specific. To identify regulating factors that function to retain S1PR1 on the endothelial cell surface, here we utilized an enzyme-catalyzed proximity labeling technique followed by proteomic analyses. We identified Filamin B (FLNB), an actin-binding protein involved in F-actin cross-linking, as a candidate regulating protein. We show FLNB knockdown by RNA interference induced massive internalization of S1PR1 into early endosomes, which was partially ligand-dependent and required receptor phosphorylation. Further investigation showed FLNB was also important for the recycling of internalized S1PR1 back to the cell surface. FLNB knockdown did not affect the localization of S1PR3, another S1P receptor subtype expressed in endothelial cells, nor did it affect localization of ectopically expressed β2-adrenergic receptor. Functionally, we show FLNB knockdown in endothelial cells impaired S1P-induced intracellular phosphorylation events and directed cell migration and enhancement of the vascular barrier. Taken together, our results demonstrate that FLNB is a novel regulator critical for S1PR1 cell-surface localization and thereby proper endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kiyozuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Konishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Reika Kawabata-Iwakawa
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Hideru Obinata
- Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
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3
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Chen H, Qin Y, Chou M, Cyster JG, Li X. Transmembrane protein CD69 acts as an S1PR1 agonist. eLife 2023; 12:e88204. [PMID: 37039481 PMCID: PMC10154026 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) by S1P promotes lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs, a process critical for immune surveillance and T cell effector activity. Multiple drugs that inhibit S1PR1 function are in use clinically for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Cluster of Differentiation 69 (CD69) is an endogenous negative regulator of lymphocyte egress that interacts with S1PR1 in cis to facilitate internalization and degradation of the receptor. The mechanism by which CD69 causes S1PR1 internalization has been unclear. Moreover, although there are numerous class A GPCR structures determined with different small molecule agonists bound, it remains unknown whether a transmembrane protein per se can act as a class A GPCR agonist. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of CD69-bound S1PR1 coupled to the heterotrimeric Gi complex. The transmembrane helix (TM) of one protomer of CD69 homodimer contacts the S1PR1-TM4. This interaction allosterically induces the movement of S1PR1-TMs 5-6, directly activating the receptor to engage the heterotrimeric Gi. Mutations in key residues at the interface affect the interactions between CD69 and S1PR1, as well as reduce the receptor internalization. Thus, our structural findings along with functional analyses demonstrate that CD69 acts in cis as a protein agonist of S1PR1, thereby promoting Gi-dependent S1PR1 internalization, loss of S1P gradient sensing, and inhibition of lymphocyte egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Marissa Chou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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4
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Chen H, Qin Y, Chou M, Cyster JG, Li X. Transmembrane protein CD69 acts as an S1PR1 agonist. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.13.528406. [PMID: 36824756 PMCID: PMC9949048 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.13.528406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The activation of Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) by S1P promotes lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs, a process critical for immune surveillance and T cell effector activity 1-4 . Multiple drugs that inhibit S1PR1 function are in use clinically for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Cluster of Differentiation 69 (CD69) is an endogenous negative regulator of lymphocyte egress that interacts with S1PR1 in cis to facilitate internalization and degradation of the receptor 5,6 . The mechanism by which CD69 causes S1PR1 internalization has been unclear. Moreover, although there are numerous class A GPCR structures determined with different small molecule agonists bound, it remains unknown whether a transmembrane protein per se can act as a class A GPCR agonist. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of CD69-bound S1PR1 coupled to the heterotrimeric G i complex. The transmembrane helix (TM) of one protomer of CD69 homodimer contacts the S1PR1-TM4. This interaction allosterically induces the movement of S1PR1-TMs 5-6, directly activating the receptor to engage the heterotrimeric G i . Mutations in key residues at the interface affect the interactions between CD69 and S1PR1, as well as reduce the receptor internalization. Thus, our structural findings along with functional analyses demonstrate that CD69 acts in cis as a protein agonist of S1PR1, thereby promoting G i -dependent S1PR1 internalization, loss of S1P gradient sensing, and inhibition of lymphocyte egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Marissa Chou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jason G. Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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5
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aPC/PAR1 confers endothelial anti-apoptotic activity via a discrete, β-arrestin-2-mediated SphK1-S1PR1-Akt signaling axis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2106623118. [PMID: 34873055 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106623118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with vascular disease and results in disruption of endothelial barrier function and increased sensitivity to apoptosis. Currently, there are limited treatments for improving endothelial dysfunction. Activated protein C (aPC), a promising therapeutic, signals via protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) and mediates several cytoprotective responses, including endothelial barrier stabilization and anti-apoptotic responses. We showed that aPC-activated PAR1 signals preferentially via β-arrestin-2 (β-arr2) and dishevelled-2 (Dvl2) scaffolds rather than G proteins to promote Rac1 activation and barrier protection. However, the signaling pathways utilized by aPC/PAR1 to mediate anti-apoptotic activities are not known. aPC/PAR1 cytoprotective responses also require coreceptors; however, it is not clear how coreceptors impact different aPC/PAR1 signaling pathways to drive distinct cytoprotective responses. Here, we define a β-arr2-mediated sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1)-sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1)-Akt signaling axis that confers aPC/PAR1-mediated protection against cell death. Using human cultured endothelial cells, we found that endogenous PAR1 and S1PR1 coexist in caveolin-1 (Cav1)-rich microdomains and that S1PR1 coassociation with Cav1 is increased by aPC activation of PAR1. Our study further shows that aPC stimulates β-arr2-dependent SphK1 activation independent of Dvl2 and is required for transactivation of S1PR1-Akt signaling and protection against cell death. While aPC/PAR1-induced, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation is also dependent on β-arr2, neither SphK1 nor S1PR1 are integrated into the ERK1/2 pathway. Finally, aPC activation of PAR1-β-arr2-mediated protection against apoptosis is dependent on Cav1, the principal structural protein of endothelial caveolae. These studies reveal that different aPC/PAR1 cytoprotective responses are mediated by discrete, β-arr2-driven signaling pathways in caveolae.
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6
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Saito-Reis CA, Balise VD, Pascetti EM, Jiminez M, Gillette JM. Tetraspanin CD82 regulates S1PR 1-mediated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2422-2431. [PMID: 34534447 PMCID: PMC8514849 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization into the blood occurs under normal physiological conditions and is stimulated in the clinic to enable the isolation of HSPCs for transplantation therapies. In the present study, we identify the tetraspanin CD82 as a novel regulator of HSPC mobilization. Using a global CD82 knockout (CD82KO) mouse, we measure enhanced HSPC mobilization after granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) or AMD3100 treatment, which we find is promoted by increased surface expression of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) on CD82KO HSPCs. Additionally, we identify a disruption in S1PR1 internalization in CD82-deficient HSPCs, suggesting that CD82 plays a critical role in S1PR1 surface regulation. Finally, combining AMD3100 and anti-CD82 treatments, we detect enhanced mobilization of mouse HSPCs and human CD34+ cells in animal models. Together, these data provide evidence that CD82 is an important regulator of HSPC mobilization and suggests exploiting the CD82 scaffold as a therapeutic target to enhance stem cell isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Saito-Reis
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Victoria D Balise
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Erica M Pascetti
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Magdalena Jiminez
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jennifer M Gillette
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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7
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Proton-gated coincidence detection is a common feature of GPCR signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100171118. [PMID: 34260394 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100171118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary expansion of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has produced a rich diversity of transmembrane sensors for many physical and chemical signals. In humans alone, over 800 GPCRs detect stimuli such as light, hormones, and metabolites to guide cellular decision-making primarily using intracellular G protein signaling networks. This diversity is further enriched by GPCRs that function as molecular sensors capable of discerning multiple inputs to transduce cues encoded in complex, context-dependent signals. Here, we show that many GPCRs are coincidence detectors that couple proton (H+) binding to GPCR signaling. Using a panel of 28 receptors covering 280 individual GPCR-Gα coupling combinations, we show that H+ gating both positively and negatively modulates GPCR signaling. Notably, these observations extend to all modes of GPCR pharmacology including ligand efficacy, potency, and cooperativity. Additionally, we show that GPCR antagonism and constitutive activity are regulated by H+ gating and report the discovery of an acid sensor, the adenosine A2a receptor, which can be activated solely by acidic pH. Together, these findings establish a paradigm for GPCR signaling, biology, and pharmacology applicable to acidified microenvironments such as endosomes, synapses, tumors, and ischemic vasculature.
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8
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Goel K, Beatman EL, Egersdorf N, Scruggs A, Cao D, Berdyshev EV, Schweitzer KS, Petrache I. Sphingosine 1 Phosphate (S1P) Receptor 1 Is Decreased in Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells of Smokers and Mediates S1P Effect on Autophagy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051200. [PMID: 34068927 PMCID: PMC8156252 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Destruction of alveoli by apoptosis induced by cigarette smoke (CS) is a major driver of emphysema pathogenesis. However, when compared to cells isolated from non-smokers, primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) isolated from chronic smokers are more resilient when exposed to apoptosis-inducing ceramide. Whether this adaptation restores homeostasis is unknown. To better understand the phenotype of HLMVEC in smokers, we interrogated a major pro-survival pathway supported by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling via S1P receptor 1 (S1P1). Primary HLMVECs from lungs of non-smoker or smoker donors were isolated and studied in culture for up to five passages. S1P1 mRNA and protein abundance were significantly decreased in HLMVECs from smokers compared to non-smokers. S1P1 was also decreased in situ in lungs of mice chronically exposed to CS. Levels of S1P1 expression tended to correlate with those of autophagy markers, and increasing S1P (via S1P lyase knockdown with siRNA) stimulated baseline macroautophagy with lysosomal degradation. In turn, loss of S1P1 (siRNA) inhibited these effects of S1P on HLMVECs autophagy. These findings suggest that the anti-apoptotic phenotype of HLMVECs from smokers may be maladaptive, since it is associated with decreased S1P1 expression that may impair their autophagic response to S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Goel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Erica L. Beatman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Nicholas Egersdorf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
| | - April Scruggs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Danting Cao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Evgeny V. Berdyshev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Kelly S. Schweitzer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-398-1355
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9
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Chen YC, Dinavahi SS, Feng Q, Gowda R, Ramisetti S, Xia X, LaPenna KB, Chirasani VR, Cho SH, Hafenstein SL, Battu MB, Berg A, Sharma AK, Kirchhausen T, Dokholyan NV, Amin S, He P, Robertson GP. Activating Sphingosine-1-phospahte signaling in endothelial cells increases myosin light chain phosphorylation to decrease endothelial permeability thereby inhibiting cancer metastasis. Cancer Lett 2021; 506:107-119. [PMID: 33600895 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the metastatic process to prevent disease dissemination in cancer remains challenging. One step in the metastatic cascade involves cancer cells transiting through the vascular endothelium after inflammation has increased the permeability of this cellular layer. Reducing inflammation-mediated gaps in the vascular endothelium could potentially be used to retard metastasis. This study describes the development of a novel ASR396-containing nanoparticle designed to activate the Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 (S1PR1) in order to tighten the junctions between the endothelial cells lining the vascular endothelium thereby inhibiting metastasis. ASR396 was derived from the S1PR1 agonist SEW2871 through chemical modification enabling the new compound to be loaded into a nanoliposome. ASR396 retained S1PR1 binding activity and the nanoliposomal formulation (nanoASR396) made it systemically bioavailable upon intravenous injection. Studies conducted in microvessels demonstrated that nanoASR396 significantly attenuated inflammatory mediator-induced permeability increase through the S1PR1 activation. Similarly, nanoASR396 inhibited gap formation mediated by inflammatory agents on an endothelial cell monolayer by decreasing levels of phosphorylated myosin light chain protein thereby inhibiting cellular contractility. In animal models, nanoASR396 inhibited lung metastasis by up to 80%, indicating its potential for retarding melanoma metastasis. Thus, a novel bioavailable nanoparticle-based S1PR1 agonist has been developed to negate the effects of inflammatory mediators on the vascular endothelium in order to reduce the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Saketh S Dinavahi
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Qilong Feng
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Srinivasa Ramisetti
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Xinghai Xia
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Kyle B LaPenna
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Venkat R Chirasani
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sung Hyun Cho
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Susan L Hafenstein
- Departments of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | | | - Arthur Berg
- Departments of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Departments of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Pingnian He
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Departments of Departments of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Departments of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Departments of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; The Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; The Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Changes in glycosylation on proteins or lipids are one of the hallmarks of tumorigenesis. In many cases, it is still not understood how glycan information is translated into biological function. In this review, we discuss at the example of specific cancer-related glycoproteins how their endocytic uptake into eukaryotic cells is tuned by carbohydrate modifications. For this, we not only focus on overall uptake rates, but also illustrate how different uptake processes-dependent or not on the conventional clathrin machinery-are used under given glycosylation conditions. Furthermore, we discuss the role of certain sugar-binding proteins, termed galectins, to tune glycoprotein uptake by inducing their crosslinking into lattices, or by co-clustering them with glycolipids into raft-type membrane nanodomains from which the so-called clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs) are formed for glycoprotein internalization into cells. The latter process has been termed glycolipid-lectin (GL-Lect) hypothesis, which operates in a complementary manner to the clathrin pathway and galectin lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Johannes
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR3666, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Anne Billet
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR3666, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Université de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
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11
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Stepanovska B, Zivkovic A, Enzmann G, Tietz S, Homann T, Kleuser B, Engelhardt B, Stark H, Huwiler A. Morpholino Analogues of Fingolimod as Novel and Selective S1P 1 Ligands with In Vivo Efficacy in a Mouse Model of Experimental Antigen-Induced Encephalomyelitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6463. [PMID: 32899717 PMCID: PMC7555234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which is associated with lower life expectancy and disability. The experimental antigen-induced encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice is a useful animal model of MS, which allows exploring the etiopathogenetic mechanisms and testing novel potential therapeutic drugs. A new therapeutic paradigm for the treatment of MS was introduced in 2010 through the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) analogue fingolimod (FTY720, Gilenya®), which acts as a functional S1P1 antagonist on T lymphocytes to deplete these cells from the blood. In this study, we synthesized two novel structures, ST-1893 and ST-1894, which are derived from fingolimod and chemically feature a morpholine ring in the polar head group. These compounds showed a selective S1P1 activation profile and a sustained S1P1 internalization in cultures of S1P1-overexpressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells, consistent with a functional antagonism. In vivo, both compounds induced a profound lymphopenia in mice. Finally, these substances showed efficacy in the EAE model, where they reduced clinical symptoms of the disease, and, on the molecular level, they reduced the T-cell infiltration and several inflammatory mediators in the brain and spinal cord. In summary, these data suggest that S1P1-selective compounds may have an advantage over fingolimod and siponimod, not only in MS but also in other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisera Stepanovska
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Aleksandra Zivkovic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Gaby Enzmann
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (G.E.); (S.T.); (B.E.)
| | - Silvia Tietz
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (G.E.); (S.T.); (B.E.)
| | - Thomas Homann
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert Allee 114–116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.H.); (B.K.)
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert Allee 114–116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.H.); (B.K.)
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (G.E.); (S.T.); (B.E.)
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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12
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Anwar M, Mehta D. Post-translational modifications of S1PR1 and endothelial barrier regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158760. [PMID: 32585303 PMCID: PMC7409382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1), a G-protein coupled receptor that is expressed in endothelium and activated upon ligation by the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is an important vascular-barrier protective mechanism at the level of adherens junctions (AJ). Loss of endothelial barrier function is a central factor in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory conditions characterized by protein-rich lung edema formation, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). While several S1PR1 agonists are available, the challenge of arresting the progression of protein-rich edema formation remains to be met. In this review, we discuss the role of S1PRs, especially S1PR1, in regulating endothelial barrier function. We review recent findings showing that replenishment of the pool of cell-surface S1PR1 may be crucial to the effectiveness of S1P in repairing the endothelial barrier. In this context, we discuss the S1P generating machinery and mechanisms that regulate S1PR1 at the cell surface and their impact on endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
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13
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Tjakra M, Wang Y, Vania V, Hou Z, Durkan C, Wang N, Wang G. Overview of Crosstalk Between Multiple Factor of Transcytosis in Blood Brain Barrier. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1436. [PMID: 32038141 PMCID: PMC6990130 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood brain barrier (BBB) conserves unique regulatory system to maintain barrier tightness while allowing adequate transport between neurovascular units. This mechanism possess a challenge for drug delivery, while abnormality may result in pathogenesis. Communication between vascular and neural system is mediated through paracellular and transcellular (transcytosis) pathway. Transcytosis itself showed dependency with various components, focusing on caveolae-mediated. Among several factors, intense communication between endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes is the key for a normal development. Regulatory signaling pathway such as VEGF, Notch, S1P, PDGFβ, Ang/Tie, and TGF-β showed interaction with the transcytosis steps. Recent discoveries showed exploration of various factors which has been proven to interact with one of the process of transcytosis, either endocytosis, endosomal rearrangement, or exocytosis. As well as providing a hypothetical regulatory pathway between each factors, specifically miRNA, mechanical stress, various cytokines, physicochemical, basement membrane and junctions remodeling, and crosstalk between developmental regulatory pathways. Finally, various hypotheses and probable crosstalk between each factors will be expressed, to point out relevant research application (Drug therapy design and BBB-on-a-chip) and unexplored terrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tjakra
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yeqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Vicki Vania
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengjun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Colm Durkan
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Wang
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Nystad AE, Lereim RR, Wergeland S, Oveland E, Myhr KM, Bø L, Torkildsen Ø. Fingolimod downregulates brain sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 levels but does not promote remyelination or neuroprotection in the cuprizone model. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 339:577091. [PMID: 31739156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod is used to treat patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; it crosses the blood-brain barrier and modulates sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs). Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and neuronal cells express S1PRs, and fingolimod could potentially improve remyelination and be neuroprotective. We used the cuprizone animal model, histo-, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative proteomics to study the effect of fingolimod on remyelination and axonal damage. Fingolimod was functionally active during remyelination by downregulating S1PR1 brain levels, and fingolimod-treated mice had more oligodendrocytes in the secondary motor cortex after three weeks of remyelination. However, there were no differences in remyelination or axonal damage compared to placebo. Thus, fingolimod does not seem to directly promote remyelination or protect against axonal injury or loss when given after cuprizone-induced demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes E Nystad
- Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ragnhild Reehorst Lereim
- Proteomics Unit at University of Bergen (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Computational Biology Unit (CBU), Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stig Wergeland
- Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eystein Oveland
- Proteomics Unit at University of Bergen (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Bø
- Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øivind Torkildsen
- Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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15
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14-3-3 signal adaptor and scaffold proteins mediate GPCR trafficking. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11156. [PMID: 31371790 PMCID: PMC6673703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor trafficking is pivotal for the temporal and spatial control of GPCR signaling and is regulated by multiple cellular proteins. We provide evidence that GPCRs interact with 14-3-3 signal adaptor/scaffold proteins and that this interaction regulates receptor trafficking in two ways. We found GPCR/14-3-3 interaction signals can be agonist-induced or agonist-inhibited. Some GPCRs associate with 14-3-3 proteins at the cell membrane and agonist treatments result in disrupted GPCR/14-3-3 interaction signals. The diminished GPCR/14-3-3 interaction signals are temporally correlated with increased GPCR/β-arrestin interaction signals in response to agonist treatment. Other GPCRs showed agonist-induced GPCR/14-3-3 interaction signal increases that occur later than agonist-induced GPCR/β-arrestin interaction signals, indicating that GPCR/14-3-3 interaction occurred after receptor endocytosis. These two types of GPCR/14-3-3 interaction patterns correlate with different receptor trafficking patterns. In addition, the bioinformatic analysis predicts that approximately 90% of GPCRs contain at least one putative 14-3-3 binding motif, suggesting GPCR/14-3-3 association could be a general phenomenon. Based on these results and collective evidence, we propose a working model whereby 14-3-3 serves as a sorting factor to regulate receptor trafficking.
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16
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Rommer PS, Milo R, Han MH, Satyanarayan S, Sellner J, Hauer L, Illes Z, Warnke C, Laurent S, Weber MS, Zhang Y, Stuve O. Immunological Aspects of Approved MS Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1564. [PMID: 31354720 PMCID: PMC6637731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological immune-mediated disease leading to disability in young adults. The outcome of the disease is unpredictable, and over time, neurological disabilities accumulate. Interferon beta-1b was the first drug to be approved in the 1990s for relapsing-remitting MS to modulate the course of the disease. Over the past two decades, the treatment landscape has changed tremendously. Currently, more than a dozen drugs representing 1 substances with different mechanisms of action have been approved (interferon beta preparations, glatiramer acetate, fingolimod, siponimod, mitoxantrone, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, cladribine, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, and natalizumab). Ocrelizumab was the first medication to be approved for primary progressive MS. The objective of this review is to present the modes of action of these drugs and their effects on the immunopathogenesis of MS. Each agent's clinical development and potential side effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulus S. Rommer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ron Milo
- Department of Neurology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - May H. Han
- Neuroimmunology Division, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sammita Satyanarayan
- Neuroimmunology Division, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Johann Sellner
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Larissa Hauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Clemens Warnke
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Laurent
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin S. Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Olaf Stuve
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service Dallas, VA Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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17
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Talmont F, Moulédous L, Baranger M, Gomez-Brouchet A, Zajac JM, Deffaud C, Cuvillier O, Hatzoglou A. Development and characterization of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 monoclonal antibody suitable for cell imaging and biochemical studies of endogenous receptors. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213203. [PMID: 30845158 PMCID: PMC6405204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) has been shown to trigger several S1P targeted functions such as immune cell trafficking, cell proliferation, migration, or angiogenesis, tools that allow the accurate detection of endogenous S1P1 localization and trafficking remain to be obtained and validated. In this study, we developed and characterized a novel monoclonal S1P1 antibody. Mice were immunized with S1P1 produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris and nine hybridoma clones producing monoclonal antibodies were created. Using different technical approaches including Western blot, immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry, we show that a selected clone, hereinafter referred to as 2B9, recognizes human and mouse S1P1 in various cell lineages. The interaction between 2B9 and S1P1 is specific over receptor subtypes, as the antibody does not binds to S1P2 or S1P5 receptors. Using cell-imaging methods, we demonstrate that 2B9 binds to an epitope located at the intracellular domain of S1P1; reveals cytosolic and membrane localization of the endogenous S1P1; and receptor internalization upon S1P or FTY720-P stimulation. Finally, loss of 2B9 signal upon knockdown of endogenous S1P1 by specific small interference RNAs further confirms its specificity. 2B9 was also able to detect S1P1 in human kidney and spinal cord tissue by immunohistochemistry. Altogether, our results suggest that 2B9 could be a useful tool to detect, quantify or localize low amounts of endogenous S1P1 in various physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Talmont
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Moulédous
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Anne Gomez-Brouchet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marie Zajac
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Olivier Cuvillier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anastassia Hatzoglou
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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18
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S1P 1 receptor phosphorylation, internalization, and interaction with Rab proteins: effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate, FTY720-P, phorbol esters, and paroxetine. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181612. [PMID: 30366961 PMCID: PMC6294635 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and FTY720-phosphate (FTYp) increased intracellular calcium in cells expressing S1P1 mCherry-tagged receptors; the synthetic agonist was considerably less potent. Activation of protein kinase C by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) blocked these effects. The three agents induced receptor phosphorylation and internalization, with the action of FTYp being more intense. S1P1 receptor–Rab protein (GFP-tagged) interaction was studied using FRET. The three agents were able to induce S1P1 receptor–Rab5 interaction, although with different time courses. S1P1 receptor–Rab9 interaction was mainly increased by the phorbol ester, whereas S1P1 receptor–Rab7 interaction was only increased by FTYp and after a 30-min incubation. These actions were not observed using dominant negative (GDP-bound) Rab protein mutants. The data suggested that the three agents induce interaction with early endosomes, but that the natural agonist induced rapid receptor recycling, whereas activation of protein kinase C favored interaction with late endosome and slow recycling and FTYp triggered receptor interaction with vesicles associated with proteasomal/lysosomal degradation. The ability of bisindolylmaleimide I and paroxetine to block some of these actions suggested the activation of protein kinase C was associated mainly with the action of PMA, whereas G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) 2 (GRK2) was involved in the action of the three agents.
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19
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Sequestration of T cells in bone marrow in the setting of glioblastoma and other intracranial tumors. Nat Med 2018; 24:1459-1468. [PMID: 30104766 PMCID: PMC6129206 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
T-cell dysfunction contributes to tumor immune escape in patients with cancer and is particularly severe amidst glioblastoma (GBM). Among other defects, T-cell lymphopenia is characteristic, yet often attributed to treatment. We reveal that even treatment-naïve patients and mice with GBM can harbor AIDS-level CD4 counts, as well as contracted, T-cell deficient lymphoid organs. Missing naïve T-cells are instead found sequestered in large numbers in the bone marrow. This phenomenon characterizes not only GBM but a variety of other cancers, although only when tumors are introduced into the intracranial compartment. T-cell sequestration is accompanied by tumor-imposed loss of S1P1 from the T-cell surface and is reversible upon precluding S1P1 internalization. In murine models of GBM, hindering S1P1 internalization and reversing sequestration licenses T-cell-activating therapies that were previously ineffective. Sequestration of T-cells in bone marrow is therefore a tumor-adaptive mode of T-cell dysfunction, whose reversal may constitute a promising immunotherapeutic adjunct.
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20
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Wood LA, Larocque G, Clarke NI, Sarkar S, Royle SJ. New tools for "hot-wiring" clathrin-mediated endocytosis with temporal and spatial precision. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4351-4365. [PMID: 28954824 PMCID: PMC5716275 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201702188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major route of receptor internalization at the plasma membrane. Analysis of constitutive CME is difficult because the initiation of endocytic events is unpredictable. When and where a clathrin-coated pit will form and what cargo it will contain are difficult to foresee. Here we describe a series of genetically encoded reporters that allow the initiation of CME on demand. A clathrin-binding protein fragment ("hook") is inducibly attached to an "anchor" protein at the plasma membrane, which triggers the formation of new clathrin-coated vesicles. Our design incorporates temporal and spatial control by the use of chemical and optogenetic methods for inducing hook-anchor attachment. Moreover, the cargo is defined. Because several steps in vesicle creation are bypassed, we term it "hot-wiring." We use hot-wired endocytosis to describe the functional interactions between clathrin and AP2. Two distinct sites on the β2 subunit, one on the hinge and the other on the appendage, are necessary and sufficient for functional clathrin engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Wood
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Gabrielle Larocque
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Nicholas I Clarke
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Stephen J Royle
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
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21
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Pyne NJ, Pyne S. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Signaling in Mammalian Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030344. [PMID: 28241498 PMCID: PMC6155263 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) binds to a family of G protein-coupled receptors, termed S1P1-S1P5. These receptors function in, for example, the cardiovascular system to regulate vascular barrier integrity and tone, the nervous system to regulate neuronal differentiation, myelination and oligodendrocyte/glial cell survival and the immune system to regulate T- and B-cell subsets and trafficking. S1P receptors also participate in the pathophysiology of autoimmunity, inflammatory disease, cancer, neurodegeneration and others. In this review, we describe how S1P1 can form a complex with G-protein and β-arrestin, which function together to regulate effector pathways. We also discuss the role of the S1P1-Platelet derived growth factor receptor β functional complex (which deploys G-protein/β-arrestin and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling) in regulating cell migration. Possible mechanisms by which different S1P-chaperones, such as Apolipoprotein M-High-Density Lipoprotein induce biological programmes in cells are also described. Finally, the role of S1P1 in health and disease and as a target for clinical intervention is appraised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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22
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Insight into the relationship between the cell culture model, cell trafficking and siRNA silencing efficiency. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:260-5. [PMID: 27349867 PMCID: PMC4948577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite research efforts, cell uptake processes determining siRNA silencing efficiency remain unclear. Here, we examine the relationship between in vitro cell culture models, cellular trafficking and siRNA silencing efficiency to provide a mechanistic insight on siRNA delivery system design. Model siRNA-polyplexes, based on chitosan as a ‘classical’ condensing agent, were applied to a panel of lung epithelial cell lines, H1299, A549 and Calu-3 and cell internalization levels, trafficking pathways and gene silencing assessed on exposure to pharmacological inhibitors. The data reveal striking differences in the internalization behaviour and gene silencing efficiency in the tested cell lines, despite their common lung epithelial origins. The model system’s silencing was lower where clathrin internalization pathway predominated in Calu-3, relative to silencing in H1299 cells where a non-clathrin internalization appears dominant. Increased silencing on endosomal disruption was apparent in Calu-3 cells, but absent when cellular internalization was not predominantly clathrin-mediated in A549 cells. This highlights that identifying cell trafficking pathways before incorporation of functional components to siRNA delivery systems (e.g. endosomolytic compounds) is crucial. The study hence stresses the importance of selection of appropriate cell culture model, relevant to in vivo target, to assess the gene silencing efficiency and decide which functionalities the ‘stratified siRNA silencing vector’ requires. Relationship between cell type, uptake path and silencing examined to inform siRNA vector design. Notable differences observed in cell uptake pathways and silencing despite cells’ common origin. Addition of endosomolytic functionality shows no effect when non-clathrin pathways dominate. Cell model important to assess silencing and decide which functionalities siRNA vector requires.
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23
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Mo J, He L, Ma B, Chen T. Tailoring Particle Size of Mesoporous Silica Nanosystem To Antagonize Glioblastoma and Overcome Blood-Brain Barrier. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:6811-6825. [PMID: 26911360 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the main bottleneck to prevent some macromolecular substance entering the cerebral circulation, resulting the failure of chemotherapy in the treatment of glioma. Cancer nanotechnology displays potent applications in glioma therapy owing to their penetration across BBB and accumulation into the tumor core. In this study, we have tailored the particle size of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) through controlling the hydrolysis rate and polycondensation degree of reactants, and optimized the nanosystem that could effectively penetrate BBB and target the tumor tissue to achieve enhanced antiglioma efficacy. The nanoparticle was conjugated with cRGD peptide to enhance its cancer targeting effect, and then used to load antineoplastic doxorubicin. Therefore, the functionalized nanosystem (DOX@MSNs) selectively recognizes and binds to the U87 cells with higher expression level of ανβ3 integrin, sequentially enhancing the cellular uptake and inhibition to glioma cells, especially the particle size at 40 nm. This particle could rapidly enter cancer cells and was difficult to excrete outside the cells, thus leading to high drug accumulation. Furthermore, DOX@MSNs exhibited much higher selectivity and anticancer activity than free DOX and induced the glioma cells apoptosis through triggering ROS overproduction. Interestingly, DOX@MSNs at about 40 nm exhibited stronger permeability across the BBB, and could disrupt the VM-capability of glioma cells by regulating the expression of E-cadherin, FAK, and MMP-2, thus achieving satisfactory antiglioblastoma efficacy and avoiding the unwanted toxic side effects to normal brain tissue. Taken together, these results suggest that tailoring the particle size of MSNs nanosystem could be an effective strategy to antagonize glioblastoma and overcome BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lizhen He
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
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