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Jacxsens L, Coveney C, Culley L, Lafuente-Funes S, Pennings G, Hudson N, Provoost V. The representation of medical risks and incentives concerning egg donation: an analysis of the websites of fertility clinics of Belgium, Spain and the UK. HUM FERTIL 2024; 27:2380667. [PMID: 39056152 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2024.2380667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Considering the growing demand for egg donation (ED) and the scarcity of women coming forward as donors to meet this demand, scholars have expressed concerns that clinics may (initially) misrepresent risks to recruit more donors. Additionally, (non-)monetary incentives might be used to try to influence potential donors, which may pressure these women or cause them to dismiss their concerns. Since the internet is often the first source of information and first impressions influence individuals' choices, we examined the websites of fertility clinics to explore how they present medical risks, incentives and emotional appeals. Content Analysis and Frame Analysis were used to analyze a sample of Belgian, Spanish and UK clinic websites. The data show that the websites mainly focus on extreme and dangerous risks and side effects (e.g. severe OHSS) even though it is highly relevant for donors to be informed about less severe but more frequently occurring risks and side effects (e.g. bloating), since those influence donors' daily functioning. The altruistic narrative of ED in Europe was dominant in the data, although some (hidden) financial incentives were found on Spanish and UK websites. Nonetheless, all information about financial incentives still were presented subtly or in combination with altruistic incentives.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jacxsens
- Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Bioethics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Coveney
- Criminology, Sociology & Social Policy, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - L Culley
- Centre for Reproduction Research, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - S Lafuente-Funes
- Institut für Soziologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G Pennings
- Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Bioethics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N Hudson
- Centre for Reproduction Research, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - V Provoost
- Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Bioethics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Blomqvist YT, Olsson E. Experiences of breast milk donors in Sweden: balancing the motivation to do something good with overcoming the challenges it entails. Int Breastfeed J 2024; 19:60. [PMID: 39217315 PMCID: PMC11365258 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-024-00668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants requiring neonatal care often face initial breastfeeding challenges, leading them to receive expressed breast milk from their mother or donor milk. While emphasizing the mother's own milk as the gold standard for infant nutrition, the utilization of donor milk stands as the preferred alternative over infant formula due to its numerous benefits. To facilitate the provision of donor milk to preterm and ill infants in neonatal units, the active participation of women willing to contribute their breast milk is crucial. This study aims to enhance the understanding of women's experiences in the donation process, thereby contributing to efforts aiming at alleviating the shortage of donated breast milk by improve the care and support for breast milk donors. METHODS This descriptive qualitative study took an inductive approach based on individual semi-structured interviews conducted during 2021 with 15 breast milk donors in Sweden. The data were analysed with thematic analysis. RESULTS Two themes were identified in the analysis: motivation to donate and challenges to overcome. Many of the women struggled to overcome the apparent challenges of not only starting the process of donating breast milk but also maintaining it. Despite the strain, they were motivated to donate their breast milk and seeking information by themselves to do something important for someone else. Only a few of the women talked about the financial benefits of donating breast milk; donating seemed to be mostly based on altruistic reasons. CONCLUSIONS Despite the challenges posed by COVID-19 restrictions, time consumption, and the hard work of sterilizing pump utensils, women continued to donate their milk driven by altruism. To enhance donor support and increase milk donation, several improvements are suggested: providing comprehensive information and resources, simplifying the donation process, offering flexible scheduling, and recognizing donors' contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Thernström Blomqvist
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden.
| | - Emma Olsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Balaskas S, Rigou M, Xenos M, Mallas A. Behavioral Intentions to Donate Blood: The Interplay of Personality, Emotional Arousals, and the Moderating Effect of Altruistic versus Egoistic Messages on Young Adults. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:731. [PMID: 39199127 PMCID: PMC11351904 DOI: 10.3390/bs14080731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Human blood is one of the most valuable and irreplaceable goods in modern medicine. Although its necessity increases daily, one of the most significant challenges we have to overcome is a scarcity of willing blood donors. Volunteer motives and attitudes have been studied for decades, but it is now considered vital to grasp the many aspects that will increase the effectiveness of attracting new blood donors. This study focuses on the impact of emotional arousal produced by advertising messages, as well as the determining role of altruistic and egoistic incentives in deciding behavior. We also incorporated the element of personality to investigate how personality traits influence behavioral intention to donate blood. To this end, a quantitative non-experimental correlational 2 × 2 experimental design (positive vs. negative emotional appeal; altruistic vs. egoistic message) was implemented with the participation of 462 respondents who were shown a total of 12 advertisements (ads) promoting blood donation. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, with a focus on the direct impacts on donation intentions, the role of emotional arousals and attitude towards the ads as mediators and the moderating effect of the message. The empirical results of our hypotheses revealed that only Honesty-Humility had a strong direct impact on behavioral intention to donate, while Emotionality and Agreeableness did not have any direct effect. On the other hand, attitudes towards advertisements significantly and directly influenced positive and negative emotional arousals, respectively. Furthermore, if we consider these two variables alone, they can be found to exert a direct impact on BI. Mediation analysis showed that attitudes towards the advertisements and emotional arousals partially mediated the relation between Honesty-Humility and Behavioral Intention, thus confirming partial mediation. With respect to Emotionality and Agreeableness, mediation was found to be full since these factors only affected BI through a mediated path, which confirmed full mediation. Furthermore, the moderation analysis highlighted that the type of message (altruistic vs. egoistic) significantly moderated the relationship between both emotional arousals and BI. In particular, positive emotional arousal's influence is strengthened when it is aligned with altruistic messages, while negative emotional arousal's influence is weakened if it follows an altruistic message. These findings illustrate that using positive emotions will be more beneficial for increasing people's donation intentions than bringing negative ones, which implies that message framing has a hidden impact on donation decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Balaskas
- Department of Management Science and Technology, University of Patras, 26334 Patras, Greece;
| | - Maria Rigou
- Department of Management Science and Technology, University of Patras, 26334 Patras, Greece;
| | - Michalis Xenos
- Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.X.); (A.M.)
| | - Andreas Mallas
- Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.X.); (A.M.)
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Ferreira CM, Vieites Y, Goldszmidt R, Barros LSG, Andrade EB. Short- and long-term effects of incentives on prosocial behavior: The case of ride vouchers to a blood collection agency. Soc Sci Med 2024; 352:117019. [PMID: 38810507 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the challenge of low blood donation rates in developing countries by examining the effectiveness of a barrier-removal incentive-a one-day transportation voucher-to promote blood donation. Utilizing a longitudinal dataset of 23,750 donors from a Brazilian blood collection agency (BCA) collected between March 2018 and May 2020, we examine the short and long-term effects of this campaign on donation rates. Our results show that the incentive had a large positive influence on both donation attempts and successful donations on the day of the campaign. However, the short-term success of the intervention had an unintended consequence: the significant increase in prospective donors' waiting time at the BCA during the intervention day, which may help explain the negative impact on return rates in the 24-month follow-up. Despite these opposing outcomes, the net effect of the one-day blood donation incentive was still positive, offering valuable insights for BCAs aiming to enhance donor recruitment and retention strategies and emphasizing the need to balance immediate benefits with potential long-term impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio M Ferreira
- FGV EBAPE Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration, Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rua Jornalista Orlando Dantas, 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22231-010, Brazil.
| | - Yan Vieites
- FGV EBAPE Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration, Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rua Jornalista Orlando Dantas, 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22231-010, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Goldszmidt
- FGV EBAPE Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration, Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rua Jornalista Orlando Dantas, 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22231-010, Brazil.
| | - Lucia S G Barros
- FGV EAESP Business Administration School of São Paulo, Fundação Getulio Vargas, Av. 9 de julho, 2029, Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP, 01313-902, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo B Andrade
- FGV EBAPE Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration, Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rua Jornalista Orlando Dantas, 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22231-010, Brazil; Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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Koch E, Leiße A, Veseli B, Jensen J, Spekman M, Merz EM, Shehu E, Thibert JB, Beurel-Trehan A, Leblond M, Oesterer M, Kluge P, Forioso D, Clement M. Incentives for plasma donation. Vox Sang 2024. [PMID: 38714322 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This work provides an overview of the incentives used for plasma donation in Europe and beyond. The overview can provide new ideas to blood establishments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic online search of incentives used and asked national experts to validate the data across all European Union countries as well as other European and non-European countries. We categorized the data into level of incentive (using the Nuffield Council on Bioethics' rungs [2011]) and country. RESULTS We analysed more than 490 organizations across 26 countries. Our findings reveal different incentives used in these countries. Snacks and pre-donation health checks are commonly provided. In addition, loyalty programmes, small gifts, vouchers, lotteries, travel compensations and time off from work extend the strategic incentive portfolio. Only seven countries offer financial compensation ranging from the equivalent of 10-35€ for European countries. In countries with a decentralized model, where more than one organization collects plasma, we observe that more diversified incentive strategies are generally used, including monetary and non-monetary incentives. In countries with a centralized model, where only one organization is allowed to collect plasma, financial compensation is usually not offered. Centralized plasma collection without financial compensation relies on a wider range of non-monetary incentives than with financial compensation. CONCLUSION The country group analysis offers valuable insights into the relationship between incentive strategies and the prevailing centralized versus decentralized plasma collection model. This overview provides a broader understanding of incentives used by blood establishments and offers avenues for future practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Koch
- Research Group on Health Marketing, Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Leiße
- Research Group on Health Marketing, Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Besarta Veseli
- Research Group on Health Marketing, Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Jensen
- Research Group on Health Marketing, Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marloes Spekman
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Research Group on Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva-Maria Merz
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Research Group on Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edlira Shehu
- University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibert
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
- Institute of Law and Political Science, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Beurel-Trehan
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
- Laboratory of Psychology: Cognition, Behavior, Communication, University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France
| | | | - Martin Oesterer
- DRK-Blood Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Kluge
- DRK-Blood Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Donata Forioso
- Centro Nazionale Sangue, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michel Clement
- Research Group on Health Marketing, Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Hamad L, Ahmed SM, van Eerden E, van Walraven SM, Machin L. Remuneration of donors for cell and gene therapies: an update on the principles and perspective of the World Marrow Donor Association. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:580-586. [PMID: 38396211 PMCID: PMC11073962 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-024-02246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The cell and gene therapy (CGT) sector has witnessed significant advancement over the past decade, the inception of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) being one of the most transformational. ATMPs treat serious medical conditions, in some cases providing curative therapy for seriously ill patients. There is interest in pivoting the ATMP development from autologous based treatments to allogenic, to offer faster and greater patient access that should ultimately reduce treatment costs. Consequently, starting material from allogenic donors is required, igniting ethical issues associated with financial gains and donor remuneration within CGT. The World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA) established the Cellular Therapy Committee to identify the role WMDA can play in safeguarding donors and patients in the CGT field. Here we review key ethical principles in relation to donating cellular material for the CGT field. We present the updated statement from WMDA on donor remuneration, which supports non-remuneration as the best way to ensure the safety and well-being of donors and patients alike. This is in line with the fundamental objective of the WMDA to maintain the health and safety of volunteer donors while ensuring high-quality stem cell products are available for all patients. We acknowledge that the CGT field is evolving at a rapid pace and there will be a need to review this position as new practices and applications come to pass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hamad
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Eltewacy NK, Ali HT, Owais TA, Alkanj S, Ebada MA. Unveiling blood donation knowledge, attitude, and practices among 12,606 university students: a cross-sectional study across 16 countries. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8219. [PMID: 38589387 PMCID: PMC11001850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed university students' knowledge, attitude, and practice toward blood donation and identified the factors that promote or hinder their willingness to donate. We employed a multicenter cross-sectional design, collecting data from August to October 2022 through self-administered questionnaires available in Arabic and English. Both online (Google Forms) and paper surveys were utilized. Data were analyzed using R Statistical Software (v4.1.3; R Core Team 2022). A total of 12,606 university students (7966 females and 4640 males) from 16 countries completed the questionnaire; of them, 28.5% had a good knowledge level regarding blood donation, and 22.7% had donated blood at least once. Students in health science colleges had significantly more awareness of blood donation (p-value < 0.001), but there were no significant differences in practice (p-value = 0.8). Barriers to donation included not being asked (37%), medical ineligibility (33%), fear of pain or infection (18%), concerns about negative health effects (18%), difficulty accessing donation centers (15%), and medical mistrust (14%). Individuals aged > 20 years had significantly higher odds of possessing a high knowledge level (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.77, p < 0.001). Private and international university enrollment was associated with increased knowledge (aOR 1.19, p-value < 0.001 and aOR 1.44, p-value = 0.003), while non-health science college students had lower odds (aOR 0.36, p < 0.001). Regarding blood donation status, participants > 20 years old were more likely to donate (aOR 2.21, p < 0.001). Conversely, being female, having congenital or chronic diseases, and possessing low knowledge levels were associated with decreased odds of blood donation (all p < 0.05). University students show insufficient knowledge about blood donation, with health science students displaying higher awareness levels. Despite their positive attitudes, blood donation rates remain low across all disciplines. It is imperative to enhance education and accessibility to foster a culture of blood donation among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nael Kamel Eltewacy
- École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Eltewacy Arab Research Group (EARG), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam Tharwat Ali
- Eltewacy Arab Research Group (EARG), Cairo, Egypt
- Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Tarek A Owais
- Eltewacy Arab Research Group (EARG), Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Souad Alkanj
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Ebada
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt.
- Egyptian Fellowship of Neurology, Ministry of Health and Population of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
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Edwards A, Masser B. "Okay, I respect this publicity stunt." A snapshot of public perceptions of an online game-based blood donation campaign. Transfusion 2024; 64:585-589. [PMID: 38501236 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With a decrease in young and first-time donors, applying gaming elements to blood donation may provide a novel means of encouraging young donors. In August 2023, the online game DiabloIV launched the Blood Harvest in which players were encouraged to donate blood products in the United States to receive virtual in-game rewards. Given the novelty of this independent initiative, our aim was to capture Diablov IV players opinions of the Blood Harvest through thematically analyzing their online discourse related to this blood donation campaign. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We captured publicly available Twitter/X posts (n = 78) and engagement (n = 390) relevant to the Blood Harvest posted during and immediately after the campaign (October 13, 2023-November 27, 2023). RESULTS Using thematic analysis, we identified 5 themes relating to the Blood Harvest campaign: (1) Positive perceptions and community motivations to donate, (2) Negative perceptions of the initiative and online game, (3) Players' inability to donate and participate in the initiative, (4) Incentives and incentive comparisons, and (5) Benefiting from positive associations focusing on the reputational gain that may be accessed through promoting blood donation. DISCUSSION Situating a donation campaign in an established video game provides a novel opportunity to engage young donors. Through capturing public data, we provide a unique snapshot of how an online gaming community perceives and reacts to an independently initiated game-integrated blood donation campaign. This highlights key strengths of the approach as well as identifying potential risks for blood collection agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Edwards
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Barbara Masser
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Graf C, Oteng-Attakora K, Ferguson E, Vassallo R, Merz EM. Blood Donor Incentives across 63 Countries: The BEST Collaborative Study. Transfus Med Rev 2024; 38:150809. [PMID: 38228070 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2023.150809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Incentives for blood donors are a much-debated strategy intended to ensure a sufficient supply of blood. Yet, there is a fundamental lack of knowledge about which incentives are offered by different blood collectors. We provide a comprehensive description of incentive policies for whole blood donors across 63 countries and 50 states of the United States. We collected data on incentive policies by conducting 2 surveys among representatives of blood collection establishments. Additionally, we integrated incentive data from an existing study and the World Health Organization (WHO). Lastly, we performed a web content analysis of blood collector websites and news releases to extend incentive data for the United States as well as underrepresented regions. We present descriptive analyses illustrating the type and value of incentives and their geographical distribution around the globe. Approximately half of the countries in our sample employ financial incentives, which include cash and tax benefits, but also less conventional incentives, such as healthcare supplements and raffles. Time off work is also commonly offered to blood donors and varies across blood collection establishments in duration and whether it is granted to all donors or only to those whose employer allows it. There is a geographical clustering of incentives, such that neighboring countries are more likely to employ similar incentives. This study provides insights into the strategies used for incentivizing blood donation and highlights the global diversity of incentive policies for whole blood donors. In stark contrast to WHO guidelines, half of the countries surveyed employ some kind of high-value incentive for blood donors. More realistic guidelines that are adapted to the local cultural and institutional context may be needed to maintain an adequate blood supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Graf
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Eamonn Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Eva-Maria Merz
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Ferguson E, Dawe-Lane E, Ajayi O, Osikomaiya B, Mills R, Okubanjo A. The importance of need-altruism and kin-altruism to blood donor behaviour for black and white people. Transfus Med 2024; 34:112-123. [PMID: 38305071 DOI: 10.1111/tme.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Need-altruism (a preference to help people in need) and kin-altruism (a preference to help kin over non-kin) underlie two hypotheses for voluntary blood donation: (i) Need-altruism underlies motivations for volunteer blood donation and (ii) Black people express a stronger preference for kin-altruism, which is a potential barrier to donation. This paper tests these hypotheses and explores how need- and kin-altruism are associated with wider altruistic motivations, barriers, and strategies to encourage donation. METHODS We assessed need- and kin-altruism, other mechanisms-of-altruism (e.g., reluctant-altruism), barriers, strategies to encourage donation, donor status, and willingness-to-donate across four groups based on ethnicity (Black; White), nationality (British; Nigerian), and country-of-residence: (i) Black-British people (n = 395), and Black-Nigerian people (ii) in the UK (n = 97) or (iii) across the rest of the world (n = 101), and (v) White-British people in the UK (n = 452). We also sampled a Black-Nigerian Expert group (n = 60). RESULTS Need-altruism was higher in donors and associated with willingness-to-donate in non-donors. Levels of kin-altruism did not differ between Black and White people, but need-altruism was lower in Black-British people. Kin-altruism was associated with a preference for incentives, and need-altruism with a preference for recognition (e.g., a thank you) as well as an increased willingness-to-donate for Black non-donors. Need-altruism underlies a blood-donor-cooperative-phenotype. CONCLUSION Need-altruism is central to blood donation, in particular recruitment. Lower need-altruism may be a specific barrier for Black-British people. Kin-altruism is important for Black non-donors. The blood donor cooperative phenotype deserves further consideration. Implications for blood services are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erin Dawe-Lane
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Oluwafemi Ajayi
- Blood Sciences, Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Dorchester, UK
| | - Bodunrin Osikomaiya
- Lagos State Blood Transfusion Service, Gbagada Centre, General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Richard Mills
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Taylor JS. Platelets, Puppies, and Payment: How Surveys can be Misleading in the Remuneration Debate. HEC Forum 2024; 36:91-98. [PMID: 35438470 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-022-09481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In a recent article ("The current state of the platelet supply in the US and proposed options to decrease the risk of critical shortages") published in Transfusion, Stubbs et al. have argued that platelet donors should be paid. Dodd et al. have argued against this proposal, supporting their response with survey data that shows that blood donors (and by extension platelet donors) and potential platelet donors are uninterested in receiving incentives to encourage them to donate. Instead, argue Dodd et al., prospective platelet donors are motivated more by the ease of donation than the prospect of payment. This article defends Stubbs et al. from the criticisms of Dodd et al. It first argues that the preferences that persons state they have in response to survey questions might not reflect the preferences that their actions would reveal they have in actual rather than hypothetical situations. This hypothetical bias is especially likely when persons respond to surveys that ask them about the performance of morally commendable actions (such as platelet donation). This article then argues that the survey that Dodd et al. rely on exhibits serious selection bias with respect to the set of persons it considers to be potential platelet donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Stacey Taylor
- Department of Philosophy, The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Rd, 08534, Ewing, NJ, United States.
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Peery AF, Kelly CR, Kao D, Vaughn BP, Lebwohl B, Singh S, Imdad A, Altayar O. AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on Fecal Microbiota-Based Therapies for Select Gastrointestinal Diseases. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:409-434. [PMID: 38395525 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fecal microbiota-based therapies include conventional fecal microbiota transplant and US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies, fecal microbiota live-jslm and fecal microbiota spores live-brpk. The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) developed this guideline to provide recommendations on the use of fecal microbiota-based therapies in adults with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection; severe to fulminant C difficile infection; inflammatory bowel diseases, including pouchitis; and irritable bowel syndrome. METHODS The guideline was developed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) framework to prioritize clinical questions, identify patient-centered outcomes, and conduct an evidence synthesis. The guideline panel used the Evidence-to-Decision framework to develop recommendations for the use of fecal microbiota-based therapies in the specified gastrointestinal conditions and provided implementation considerations for clinical practice. RESULTS The guideline panel made 7 recommendations. In immunocompetent adults with recurrent C difficile infection, the AGA suggests select use of fecal microbiota-based therapies on completion of standard of care antibiotics to prevent recurrence. In mildly or moderately immunocompromised adults with recurrent C difficile infection, the AGA suggests select use of conventional fecal microbiota transplant. In severely immunocompromised adults, the AGA suggests against the use of any fecal microbiota-based therapies to prevent recurrent C difficile. In adults hospitalized with severe or fulminant C difficile not responding to standard of care antibiotics, the AGA suggests select use of conventional fecal microbiota transplant. The AGA suggests against the use of conventional fecal microbiota transplant as treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases or irritable bowel syndrome, except in the context of clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS Fecal microbiota-based therapies are effective therapy to prevent recurrent C difficile in select patients. Conventional fecal microbiota transplant is an adjuvant treatment for select adults hospitalized with severe or fulminant C difficile infection not responding to standard of care antibiotics. Fecal microbiota transplant cannot yet be recommended in other gastrointestinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne F Peery
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Colleen R Kelly
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dina Kao
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Osama Altayar
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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13
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Savioli ML, Sakashita AM, Cipolletta ANF, Brandão RCTDC, Kutner JM. Telemedicine pre-screening for blood donor. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2024:S2531-1379(24)00007-5. [PMID: 38307827 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic had an important impact on blood bank services. The onset of the pandemic led to a decrease in the number of blood donors. A remote interview would avoid deferred donors from having to travel to the blood bank. We evaluate the feasibility of using telemedicine as an alternative to a face-to-face interview as a first blood donor screening. METHODS Our retrospective study included 404 whole blood and platelets donors, who underwent the clinical interview remotely via telemedicine. The deferred donor would not need to go to the blood bank and eligible candidates were required to donate within 7 days. On the day of donation, a mini-interview was held to ensure donor and blood safety. RESULTS The appointments were made from June 2020 to June 2022, including 263 candidates for whole blood (WB) and 141 for platelets (PLTs). At the end of the telemedicine interview, 285 (70.6 %) candidates were considered eligible. Telemedicine was not performed for 60 (14.8 %) candidates due to technical problems (with audio or video) or absences. The deferral rate among candidates who underwent telemedicine pre-screening was 14.6 % and, among eligible donors after telemedicine, only 7 (2.9 %) were unable to donate blood. CONCLUSION Telemedicine is a viable alternative and a welcome convenience for potential donors to avoid unnecessary travel.
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14
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Chen L, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Xiao M. How anxiety relates to blood donation intention of non-donors: the roles of moral disengagement and mindfulness. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 164:43-58. [PMID: 35152848 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.2024121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Blood donation anxiety is a major psychological obstacle for blood donation. However, it remains unclear what the mechanism underlying the relationship between anxiety and blood donation intention is and what factor(s) will buffer the negative effects of anxiety. Based on social cognitive theory, we theorized a model delineating the mechanism with which blood donation anxiety was related to blood donation intention. Data were collected in a three-wave online survey including 425 individuals and was analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS 24.0 software. The results indicated that the negative relationship between blood donation anxiety and blood donation intention was mediated by moral disengagement. Meanwhile, mindfulness was found to play a buffering role in the relationship between blood donation anxiety and moral disengagement as well as the indirect relationship between blood donation anxiety and blood donation intention via moral disengagement. Our findings advanced the understanding of the detrimental consequences of blood donation anxiety and demonstrated that while blood donation anxiety came at a high cost, it can be managed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Chongqing Technology and Business University
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15
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Wang Y, Zhai P, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Chen G, Li S. Gauging Incentive Values and Expectations (G.I.V.E.) among Blood Donors for Nonmonetary Incentives: Developing a Preference Elicitation Instrument through Qualitative Approaches in Shandong, China. THE PATIENT 2023; 16:593-606. [PMID: 37523066 DOI: 10.1007/s40271-023-00639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood donation rates remain suboptimal in China necessitating the reform of the current nonmonetary incentive system to motivate donors. This study aims to identify relevant attributes and levels for nonmonetary incentives in repeated blood donation and provide insights for the development of preference elicitation instruments. METHODS A qualitative research process was employed, including a literature review, in-depth interviews, attribute ranking, focus group discussions, and cognitive interviews, to identify potential nonmonetary incentives for blood donation. The identified attributes were then incorporated into a discrete choice experiment (DCE) study design. The comprehensibility and acceptability of the DCE questionnaire were assessed through cognitive interviews and a pilot study. RESULTS Five nonmonetary incentive attributes were identified, including health examination, designated blood recipient, honor for donation, travel time, and gifts. The designated recipient of blood donation emerged as the most important motivator for future donations among the participants. The cognitive interviews and pilot study provided valuable feedback for refining the DCE questionnaire and ensuring its reliability. CONCLUSION This study contributes to the understanding of nonmonetary incentives for blood donation and highlights the importance of designated blood recipients, health examination, honor for donation, travel time, and gifts as potential motivators. Moreover, it emphasizes the value of employing cognitive interviews and pilot studies in the development and refinement of DCE questionnaires, ultimately enhancing the reliability and validity of preference elicitation instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peicong Zhai
- Blood Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School & Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Gang Chen
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shunping Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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16
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Hughes SD, France CL, West-Mitchell KA, Pina T, McElfresh D, Sayers M, Bryant BJ. Advancing Understandings of Blood Donation Motivation and Behavior. Transfus Med Rev 2023; 37:150780. [PMID: 37996288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2023.150780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we provide critical analysis of social science research into blood donation motivation and behavior. We first share an understanding of the existing literature and recommendations for future research collectively developed by members of the Working Group on Blood Donors and the Supply: Diversifying while Maintaining the Donor Pool, Donor Selection, and Optimizing Blood Availability and Safety, as part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's 2022 State of the Science in Transfusion Medicine symposium. Then, rather than aim for a comprehensive treatment, we review 4 newer manuscripts that exemplify aspects of the group's recommendations and report results from countries where the blood supply is based on voluntary, nonremunerated donations. From the substantial existing literature, we selected: (1) a study that employed motivational interviewing techniques, thematic analysis, and surveys to link donation motivations and barriers reported by diverse young donors in the United States to actual donation behavior over a year of subsequent eligibility; (2) a survey regarding donation motivations and barriers and monetary amounts associated with willingness to participate in whole blood, plasma, or platelet collection; (3) a survey-based assessment of various emotional states reported by donors at 2 time points during donation and the relationship between emotional experience and subsequent vasovagal reactions; and (4) an interpretive discourse analysis of blood collection agency messaging to donors and the public in the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We close by noting several challenges posed by the structure of the United States blood system and the current funding environment to conducting rigorous research and translating findings into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana D Hughes
- Vitalant Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | - Kamille A West-Mitchell
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Pina
- Gulf Coast Regional Blood Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Duncan McElfresh
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; US Department of Veterans Affairs, Program Evaluation Resource Center, Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Merlyn Sayers
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Carter BloodCare, Bedford, TX, USA
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17
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Munoz-Valencia A, Aridi JO, Barnes LS, Rudd KE, Bidanda B, Epuu T, Kamu R, Kivuli T, Macleod J, Makanga CM, Makin J, Mate M, Muiru CN, Murithi G, Musa A, Nyagol H, Ochieng K, Rajgopal J, Raykar NP, Tian Y, Yazer MH, Zeng B, Olayo B, Kumar P, Puyana JC. Protocol: identifying policy, system, and environment change interventions to enhance availability of blood for transfusion in Kenya, a mixed-methods study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:963. [PMID: 37679772 PMCID: PMC10486046 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe blood is essential for the care of patients with life-threatening anemia and hemorrhage. Low blood donation rates, inefficient testing procedures, and other supply chain disruptions in blood administration affect patients in low-resource settings across Sub-Saharan countries, including Kenya. Most efforts to improve access to transfusion have been unidimensional, usually focusing on only point along the blood system continuum, and have excluded community stakeholders from early stages of intervention development. Context-appropriate interventions to improve the availability of safe blood at the point of use in low-resource settings are of paramount importance. Thus, this protocol proposes a multifaceted approach to characterize the Kenyan blood supply chain through quantitative and qualitative analyses as well as an industrial engineering approach. METHODS This study will use a mixed-methods approach in addition to engineering process mapping, modeling and simulation of blood availability in Kenya. It will be guided by a multidimensional three-by-three-by-three matrix: three socioeconomic settings, three components of the blood system continuum, and three levels of urgency of blood transfusion. Qualitative data collection includes one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions with stakeholders across the continuum to characterize ground-level deficits and potential policy, systems, and environment (PSE) interventions. Prospectively-collected quantitative data will be used to estimate blood collection and transfusion of blood. We will create a process map of the blood system continuum to model the response to PSE changes proposed by stakeholders. Lastly, we will identify those PSE changes that may have the greatest impact on blood transfusion availability, accounting for differences across socioeconomic settings and levels of urgency. DISCUSSION Identifying and prioritizing community-driven interventions to improve blood supply in low-resource settings are of utmost importance. Varied constraints in blood collection, processing, delivery, and use make each socioeconomic setting unique. Using a multifaceted approach to understand the Kenyan blood supply and model the response to stakeholder-proposed PSE changes may lead to identification of contextually appropriate intervention targets to meet the transfusion needs of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Munoz-Valencia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jackline O Aridi
- Institute of Healthcare Management, Strathmore University Business School, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Linda S Barnes
- Linda S. Barnes Consulting, Seattle, WA, USA
- Doctor of Public Health Leadership, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristina E Rudd
- Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bopaya Bidanda
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tonny Epuu
- Institute of Healthcare Management, Strathmore University Business School, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Robert Kamu
- Institute of Healthcare Management, Strathmore University Business School, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tecla Kivuli
- Institute of Healthcare Management, Strathmore University Business School, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jana Macleod
- Institute of Healthcare Management, Strathmore University Business School, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Surgery, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cindy M Makanga
- Institute of Healthcare Management, Strathmore University Business School, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jennifer Makin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Magee Women's Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Muthoni Mate
- Center for Public Health and Development, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Carolyne Njoki Muiru
- Institute of Healthcare Management, Strathmore University Business School, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Surgery, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
| | | | - Abdirahaman Musa
- Institute of Healthcare Management, Strathmore University Business School, Nairobi, Kenya
- Ministry of Health & Sanitation, Turkana County Government, Turkana, Kenya
| | - Hellen Nyagol
- Center for Public Health and Development, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kevin Ochieng
- Center for Public Health and Development, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Jayant Rajgopal
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nakul P Raykar
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yiqi Tian
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark H Yazer
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bo Zeng
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernard Olayo
- Center for Public Health and Development, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Pratap Kumar
- Institute of Healthcare Management, Strathmore University Business School, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Juan Carlos Puyana
- Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Stoklosa K, Elfaki LA, Ding C, Sachal SS, Escuadro RJG, Tu K. Vaccine-incentivized blood donation: A survey of public perceptions in Canada. Vox Sang 2023; 118:624-636. [PMID: 37381906 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Canadian blood donations declined during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conversely, vaccine demand outpaced supply during the initial stages of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout in Canada. This study investigates public perceptions regarding vaccine-incentivized blood donation, among COVID-19 and future pandemics, in Canada. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 19-question survey was developed and distributed in person and online to Canadians during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were asked questions about demographics, blood donation eligibility, previous donations and sentiments towards vaccine-incentivized blood donation. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS In total, 787 respondents completed the survey with representation from all sexes, ages, races, locations of residence and work employment. Overall, 176 (22%) participants self-identified as working or living in healthcare settings, 511 (65%) were currently able to donate blood products, 247 (31%) previously donated blood and 48 (6%) donated blood during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the exception of ineligible blood donors, many Canadians, particularly previous blood donors, were agreeable with this incentivization proposal. Many participants claimed they would donate blood products for vaccines during COVID-19 and future pandemics but raised concerns about the equitableness of such approach. CONCLUSION Vaccine-incentivized blood donation was viewed positively by many Canadians in our study. Future research must investigate the equity and feasibility of this strategy. In the interim, further strategies should be explored to encourage blood donation in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudiusz Stoklosa
- Division of Rural Family Medicine, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lina A Elfaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Ding
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sukhmeet S Sachal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Karen Tu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto-Dalla Lana School of Public Health, North York General Hospital, Toronto Western Family Health Team-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Brodersen T, Rostgaard K, Lau CJ, Juel K, Erikstrup C, Nielsen KR, Ostrowski SR, Titlestad K, Saekmose SG, Pedersen OBV, Hjalgrim H. The healthy donor effect and survey participation, becoming a donor and donor career. Transfusion 2023; 63:143-155. [PMID: 36479702 PMCID: PMC10107247 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The healthy donor effect (HDE) is a selection bias caused by the health criteria blood donors must meet. It obscures investigations of beneficial/adverse health effects of blood donation and complicates the generalizability of findings from blood donor cohorts. To further characterize the HDE we investigated how self-reported health and lifestyle are associated with becoming a blood donor, lapsing, and donation intensity. Furthermore, we examined differences in mortality based on donor status. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The Danish National Health Survey was linked to the Scandinavian Donations and Transfusions (SCANDAT) database and Danish register data. Logistic- and normal regression was used to compare baseline characteristics and participation. Poisson regression was used to investigate future donation choices. Donation intensity was explored by the Anderson-Gill model and Poisson regression. Mortality was investigated using Poisson regression. RESULTS Blood donors were more likely to participate in the surveys, OR = 2.45 95% confidence interval (2.40-2.49) than non-donors. Among survey participants, better self-reported health and healthier lifestyle were associated with being or becoming a blood donor, donor retention, and to some extent donation intensity, for example, current smoking conveyed lower likelihood of becoming a donor, OR = 0.70 (0.66-0.75). We observed lower mortality for donors and survey participants, respectively, compared with non-participating non-donors. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that blood donation is associated with increased likelihood to participate in health surveys, possibly a manifestation of the HDE. Furthermore, becoming a blood donor, donor retention, and donation intensity was associated with better self-reported health and healthier lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Brodersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Klaus Rostgaard
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Juel Lau
- Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Knud Juel
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Rene Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjell Titlestad
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susanne G Saekmose
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Ole B V Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Stubbs JR, Shaz BH, Vassallo RR, Roback JD. Expanding the platelet inventory to mitigate the impact of severe shortages. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2022; 2022:424-429. [PMID: 36485081 PMCID: PMC9821291 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2022000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The platelet collection and distribution system, based on volunteer nonremunerated donors, apheresis platelet collections, and primarily 1-directional distribution of platelets for up to 5-day room temperature storage at hospitals, typically performs well and provides therapeutic support for hundreds of thousands of patients annually. However, direct and indirect effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, particularly during the Omicron wave, produced dramatic systemic failures and severe shortages. We propose 4 initiatives to reinforce the existing platelet pipeline and buffer the platelet supply against future unexpected disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Stubbs
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Beth H. Shaz
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - John D. Roback
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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21
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Ma Y, Ke D, Li D, Zhang Q. Donors' experiences and attitudes of fecal microbiota transplantation: An empirical bioethics study from China. IMETA 2022; 1:e62. [PMID: 38867907 PMCID: PMC10989884 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Donor participation is a critical part of ensuring the development of human microbiome research and the clinical application of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Most FMT donors are still not sufficiently aware of the risks associated with the act of donating gut microbiota, especially the risk of data privacy disclosure. Enhanced awareness of the moral responsibility of the researchers and ethical oversight by ethics committees are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Ma
- Medical Humanities and Bioethics Center, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Dawei Ke
- Medical Humanities and Bioethics Center, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Danyi Li
- R Institute Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Quan Zhang
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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22
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Degli Antoni G, Vittucci Marzetti G. Estimating the effect on happiness through question randomization: An application to blood donation. Soc Sci Med 2022; 309:115255. [PMID: 35998487 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We rely on the randomized activation of the heuristic of attribute substitution to analyze the effect of blood donation on donors' happiness. We randomly delivered two versions of a questionnaire where the happiness question is alternatively placed immediately before or after a categorical question asking about the blood donor condition of the respondent (non-donor, previously donor, donor). By comparing the answers given to the happiness question in the two versions, we find a positive effect of donating blood on donors' happiness. We discuss the pros and cons of this method to investigate the determinants of subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Degli Antoni
- Department of Law, Politics and International Studies, University of Parma, via Università 12, Parma, 43121, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Vittucci Marzetti
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Bicocca degli Arcimboldi 8, Milan, 20126, Italy.
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23
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Koplin JJ, Skeggs J, Gyngell C. Ethics of Buying DNA. JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY 2022; 19:395-406. [PMID: 35854191 PMCID: PMC9463216 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-022-10192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA databases have significant commercial value. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies have built databanks using samples and information voluntarily provided by customers. As the price of genetic analysis falls, there is growing interest in building such databases by paying individuals for their DNA and personal data. This paper maps the ethical issues associated with private companies paying for DNA. We outline the benefits of building better genomic databases and describe possible concerns about crowding out, undue inducement, exploitation, and commodification. While certain objections deserve more empirical and philosophical investigation, we argue that none currently provide decisive reasons against using financial incentives to secure DNA samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian J Koplin
- Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, 185 Pelham St, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
- Biomedical Ethics Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jack Skeggs
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Gyngell
- Biomedical Ethics Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Chell K, Masser B, Davison TE, Ferguson E. A typology of strategies that recognize, reward, and incentivize blood donation. Transfusion 2022; 62:2077-2085. [PMID: 35924917 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood collection agencies (BCAs) worldwide are continuously looking to improve recognition, reward, and incentive (RRI) policies to optimize the recruitment and retention of blood donors. However, given the inconsistent categorization and variety of strategies available, there is a need for a theoretically informed and empirically supported framework to guide RRI research and policy development. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Survey data from 1028 voluntary nonremunerated whole blood and plasma donors in Australia was used to validate a theorized RRI typology based on distinctions between the level of congruency with the act of donating blood (congruent vs. incongruent), visibility of acknowledgment (public vs. private), benefits provided (self vs. other), and likely reinforcement schedule (fixed vs. variable). RESULTS A six-factor solution met all statistical criteria and was most consistent with a priori theoretical underpinnings. The factors were labeled (i) deal promotion, (ii) loyalty program, (iii) BCA token, (iv) health check, (v) charity donation, and (vi) travel compensation. DISCUSSION This typology provides researchers with a standardized theoretical and conceptual framework to organize and synthesize findings from the existing literature and help BCAs develop RRI policies that are likely to be successful. We present a future research agenda across and within the RRI strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Chell
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara Masser
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tanya E Davison
- Monash Art, Design and Architecture, Monash University, Caulfield East, Victoria, Australia.,Research discovery, Silver Chain, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eamonn Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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25
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France CR, France JL, Himawan LK. What would it take to convince you to donate? A survey study of the relationship between motivators, barriers, and payment for whole blood, plasma, and platelet donation. Transfusion 2022; 62:1251-1260. [PMID: 35467768 PMCID: PMC9322277 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background With growing discussion about blood donor remuneration, the present study examined the level of payment that may be required to convince individuals to engage in whole blood, plasma, and platelet donations. Study Design and Methods Anonymous online surveys were completed by a college sample [n = 490; 76.9% female; Mean Age = 20.3 (SD = 4.9) years; 32.9% whole blood donors] and a ResearchMatch sample [n = 323; 70.6% female; Mean Age = 50.7 (SD = 16.6) years; 82.7% whole blood donors]. Level of payment needed to motivate whole blood, plasma, and platelet donation was examined as a function of donation history, sample, and gender. In addition, path analyses examined associations between donation motivators, barriers, and payment level. Results Across all types of donation, history of whole blood donation was related to a greater willingness to donate without payment. At the same time, however, sizeable portions of prior donors indicated that monetary payment would convince them to donate whole blood (24%), plasma (51%), or platelets (57%). Across all types of donation, donation‐related barriers (i.e., anxiety, fear) were indirectly related to higher payment levels via lower self‐efficacy and more negative donation attitudes. Donation‐related motivators (i.e., warm glow, regret, and altruism) were indirectly related to lower payment levels via higher self‐efficacy and more positive donation attitudes. Conclusion Despite reporting a strong commitment to nonremunerated blood donation, many respondents with and without a history of blood donation indicated that money would convince them to engage in whole blood, plasma, and platelet donation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janis L France
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Lina K Himawan
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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26
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Raykar NP, Makin J, Khajanchi M, Olayo B, Munoz Valencia A, Roy N, Ottolino P, Zinco A, MacLeod J, Yazer M, Rajgopal J, Zeng B, Lee HK, Bidanda B, Kumar P, Puyana JC, Rudd K. Assessing the global burden of hemorrhage: The global blood supply, deficits, and potential solutions. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211054995. [PMID: 34790356 PMCID: PMC8591638 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211054995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical shortage of blood available for transfusion in many low- and middle-income countries. The consequences of this scarcity are dire, resulting in uncounted morbidity and mortality from trauma, obstetric hemorrhage, and pediatric anemias, among numerous other conditions. The process of collecting blood from a donor to administering it to a patient involves many facets from donor availability to blood processing to blood delivery. Each step faces particular challenges in low- and middle-income countries. Optimizing existing strategies and introducing new approaches will be imperative to ensure a safe and sufficient blood supply worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul P Raykar
- Trauma & Emergency General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Makin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Bernard Olayo
- Center for Public Health and Development, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Nobhojit Roy
- Health Systems Strengthening Unit, CARE-India, Bihar, India.,Department of Surgery, KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Pablo Ottolino
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Sotero Del Rio, Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Analia Zinco
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Sotero Del Rio, Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jana MacLeod
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Business School, Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mark Yazer
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jayant Rajgopal
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bo Zeng
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hyo Kyung Lee
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bopaya Bidanda
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pratap Kumar
- Business School, Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Juan Carlos Puyana
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristina Rudd
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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27
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Dickens JI, Dickens DS. Choice architecture for young adult blood donor recruitment - a feasibility study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:722-727. [PMID: 34730048 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1998561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Blood shortages remain an ongoing challenge, ameliorable by increasing blood donations. Choice architecture is an emerging concept in psychology dealing with the targeted presentation of options to encourage a desired decision. A pilot study was designed to test the feasibility of implementing six choice architecture strategies on a Midwest high-school blood drive. These include framing, conformity, mere measurement, availability heuristic, loss aversion and status quo bias. A pre-post interrupted time-series evaluation was performed to evaluate for an immediate impact on blood donations. All six of the intended choice architecture strategies were successfully implemented. The pre-intervention 5-year average number of blood donations per blood drive was 15 (4.3% of age eligible donors) whereas post intervention, the number of blood donors rose to 25 (7.1% of age eligible donors; p-value = .0013). The application of choice architecture to blood donor recruitment strategies is feasible and has the potential to reduce the burden of blood shortages.
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Affiliation(s)
- John I Dickens
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David S Dickens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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28
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Bruers S. Blood Donation and Monetary Incentives: A Meta-Analysis of Cost-Effectiveness. Transfus Med Rev 2021; 36:48-57. [PMID: 34742615 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of monetary incentives to increase altruistic behavior is in dispute. Paying blood donors might be ineffective, as it could decrease altruistic motivations of voluntary donors (motivational crowding-out) or decrease blood quality (increase transmittable infectious disease risks). In a meta-analysis, including observational studies, natural experiments and field experiments, the cost-effectiveness of monetary incentives (cash payments and quasi-cash material rewards) for blood donation is estimated. The search strategy identified 17 studies as eligible. After screening for relevance and quality, 8 studies were retained and GRADE-rated for quality of evidence, offering 12 estimates of the marginal donation rate. The combined, random-effects estimate of the marginal donation rate of monetary incentives is 0,4 extra blood units collected per 1000 inhabitants per year per dollar incentive, but with large variation due to large heterogeneity of the studies (explained by different contexts and differences in perceived costs for donors). A higher estimate of 1,0 extra blood units per 1000 inhabitants per year per dollar incentive, is obtained with a restricted meta-analysis that only includes the most reliable and more homogeneous studies. With donor payments, it costs an additional $22 to $121 to increase the blood supply with one unit of whole blood, but this strongly varies with context and local conditions. The positive marginal donation rate of donor payments is inconsistent with a crowding-out effect (a reduction in total blood supply caused by a decrease in altruistic motivations when donors are paid), at least in the short-run. The available studies are not suitable to estimate possible long-term crowding-out effects, negative spillover effects (eg, a decrease in other prosocial behavior or altruistic norms) or transmittable infectious disease risks. Whether monetary incentives are the most cost-effective and ethical strategy to increase blood and plasma supply, remains an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Bruers
- Department of Economics, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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29
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Gyuris P, Gáspár BG, Birkás B, Csókási K, Kocsor F. Help Is in Your Blood-Incentive to "Double Altruism" Resolves the Plasma Donation Paradox. Front Psychol 2021; 12:653848. [PMID: 34566745 PMCID: PMC8458749 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.653848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood donation is considered as one of the purest forms of altruism. Plasma donation, in contrast, despite being a similar process, is mostly a paid activity in which donors are compensated for their contribution to the production of therapeutic preparations. This creates a so-called "plasma paradox:" If remuneration is promised for a socially useful effort, volunteers with altruistic motives might be deterred. At the same time, regular plasma donors who pursue the monetary benefits of donation might drop out if remuneration stops. The same controversy can be caught in the messages of most plasma donation companies as well: They promise a monetary reward (MR), and at the same time, highlight the altruistic component of donation. In this study, we tested the assumption that emphasizing the social significance enhances the willingness to donate blood plasma more effectively than either MR or the combination of these two incentives. This had to be rejected since there was no significant difference between the three scenarios. Furthermore, we also hypothesized that individuals might be more motivated to donate plasma if there is a possibility of offering an MR toward other socially beneficial aims. We found an increased willingness to donate in scenarios enabling "double altruism", that is, when donating plasma for therapeutic use and transferring their remuneration to nongovernmental organizations, is an option. We propose relying on double altruism to resolve the plasma paradox, and suggest that it could serve as a starting point for the development of more optimized means for donor recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Gyuris
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Baksa Gergely Gáspár
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Béla Birkás
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Csókási
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Kocsor
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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30
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Taylor JS. Paid platelet donors: How surveys can mislead. Transfusion 2021; 61:2216-2217. [PMID: 34275152 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Dodd RY, Stramer SL, Smith R, Young PP. Paid platelet donors: Points to consider. Transfusion 2021; 61:1000-1003. [PMID: 33831224 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Y Dodd
- American Red Cross, Biomedical Services Headquarters, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan L Stramer
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel Smith
- American Red Cross, Biomedical Services Headquarters, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pampee P Young
- American Red Cross, Biomedical Services Headquarters, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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32
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Rael CT, Pierre D, Frye V, Kessler D, Duffy L, Malos N, Van Tieu H. Evaluating blood donor experiences and barriers/facilitators to blood donation in the United States using YouTube video content. Transfusion 2021; 61:2650-2657. [PMID: 34196004 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding donor perception of the blood donation experience is central to maintaining an adequate blood supply. Studies that use questionnaires to assess barriers/facilitators to donation may be influenced by response bias. To address this, we conducted an innovative study integrating quantitative informatic techniques with qualitative data analysis of YouTube video content to explore donor experiences and barriers and facilitators to whole blood donation. METHODS Sampling of YouTube videos was conducted using search parameters for identifying relevant videos, based on donors' language used to describe their whole blood donation experiences (e.g., blood donation, blood donor, donated blood, gave/give blood). We eliminated duplicate videos; filtered out non-English videos, those made outside the United States, and those with no transcripts; and restricted the time period during which videos were posted from 2015 to 2019. Search parameters were fed into a Python script, which downloaded video transcripts for all search results. The final sample was 102 noncommercial and 34 commercial transcripts. The subsequent transcriptions were uploaded into qualitative analysis software and coded two coders. A third coder randomly selected transcripts to review to ensure consistency. RESULTS Barriers to whole blood donation include having prior negative experiences with donation and donation-related fear. Facilitators included altruism, having a personal connection to donation, donation center incentives, and positive experiences with blood center staff. CONCLUSION Themes identified in this study were similar to those in the existing literature. This suggests that current questionnaires to address barriers/facilitators to donation are unlikely to be meaningfully impacted by response bias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Pierre
- National Board of Certification and Recertification for Nurse Anesthetists (NBCRNA), New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Victoria Frye
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Debra Kessler
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Louisa Duffy
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nick Malos
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hong Van Tieu
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA
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33
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Characteristics and causes of pre-donation deferrals at a Chinese blood center. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103153. [PMID: 34016553 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to understand the causes and characteristics of the pre-donation deferral, so as to enhance blood safety and improve donor satisfaction. BACKGROUND Blood transfusion is crucial in managing a variety of different medical and surgical needs. Its benefits are manifold but there are risks for the recipients. Thus some blood donors are deferred from donating when they do not meet certain criteria. An in-depth understanding of the underlying causes of donor deferral will not only improve donor selection but also ensure blood safety and avoid donor complaints. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-center experience was carried out from 26th July 2018 to 25th July 2019 on all whole blood donors in Tianjin, China. Donors' demographics and information were retrieved; comparisons between deferral data were summarized by the Chi-square test using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) application version 22. The difference between groups were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 190,846 participants were included; whereby 119,951 (62.85 %) of participants were first-time blood donors. The pre-donation deferral rate was 9.26 %, and deferral was more likely seen in first-time donors, male donors, and donors of age above 35 years (p < 0.05). Overall, raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) contributed to 48.46 % of all temporary deferrals, followed by lipaemia (20.71 %). For female donors, low hemoglobin was the leading cause of temporary deferral. Positive hepatitis B surface antigen (Hepatitis B) and syphilis were the two common causes of permanent deferrals, with incidence at 11.65 % and 3.93 %, respectively. CONCLUSION Pre-donation deferral remains a significant problem in China and accounted for 9.26 % of participants in this study. Raised ALT and lipaemia were common temporary deferrals, especially among first-time donors, males, and older donors. Appropriate interventions should be taken to address the blood quality, improve the donor retention strategies in order to secure an adequate and safe blood supply.
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34
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Chen L, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Xiao M. How Buddhist beliefs relate to blood donation intention: The role of moral attentiveness and self‐monitoring. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyong Chen
- Department of Human Resource Management, School of Business Administration Huaqiao University Quanzhou China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Department of Human Resource Management, School of Business Administration Huaqiao University Quanzhou China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Information Management in Development Chongqing Technology and Business University Chongqing China
| | - Mo Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medical Examination and Preventive Medicine Quanzhou Medical College Quanzhou China
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Didriksen M, Thørner LW, Larsen MAH, Sørensen E, Burgdorf K, Mikkelsen S, Rostgaard K, Banasik K, Pedersen OB, Erikstrup C, Nielsen KR, Bruun MT, Hjalgrim H, Ullum H. The impact of health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms on blood donor career-Results from the Danish blood donor study. Transfusion 2021; 61:1479-1488. [PMID: 33650703 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood donors report better health-related quality of life (HRQL) than non-donors. Likewise, donors reporting good health are less likely to stop donating and have a higher donation frequency. This is evidence of the healthy donor effect (HDE). This study is the first to investigate the impact of HRQL and depressive symptoms on subsequent donor career. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective cohort study includes 102,065 participants from the Danish Blood Donor Study applying the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) measuring a mental (MCS) and a physical component score (PCS) and the Major Depression Inventory (MDI). Poisson and Cox regression models were used to assess the effect of SF-12 and MDI scores on donation frequency and donor cessation. Higher MCS/PCS scores indicate good HRQL, while higher MDI score indicates higher experience of depressive symptoms. RESULTS For both sexes, MCS was positively correlated with donation frequency for up to 5 years, and similarly for PCS among women. A negative correlation between MDI score and donation frequency in the year following assessment was observed only among men. No correlation was observed among women. An increase in both MCS and PCS was associated with a lower risk of donation cessation in both sexes, while an increase in MDI score was only associated with an increased risk of donation cessation in men. CONCLUSION MCS, PCS, and MDI score affect donor career. Thus, adjusting for donation frequency may reduce HDE-bias in donor health research. However, because of the small effect sizes, other ways of quantifying HDE may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Didriksen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise W Thørner
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margit A H Larsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Burgdorf
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Klaus Rostgaard
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Naestved Sygehus, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kaspar R Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mie T Bruun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cutts JC, Quinn B, Seed CR, Kotsiou G, Pearson R, Scott N, Wilson DP, Harrod ME, Maher L, Caris S, Thompson AJ, Farrell M, Pink J, Hellard ME. A Systematic Review of Interventions Used to Increase Blood Donor Compliance with Deferral Criteria. Transfus Med Hemother 2020; 48:118-129. [PMID: 33976612 DOI: 10.1159/000509027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Pre-donation screening of potential blood donors is critical for ensuring the safety of the donor blood supply, and donor deferral as a result of risk factors is practised worldwide. This systematic review was conducted in the context of an expert review convened by the Australian Red Cross Lifeblood in 2013 to consider Lifeblood's injecting drug use (IDU)-related policies and aimed to identify studies assessing interventions to improve compliance with deferral criteria in blood donation settings. Materials and Methods MEDLINE/PubMed, OVID Medline, OVID Embase, LILACS, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL and DARE) databases were searched for studies conducted within blood donation settings that examined interventions to increase blood donor compliance with deferral criteria. Observational and experimental studies from all geographical areas were considered. Results Ten studies were identified that tested at least one intervention to improve blood donor compliance with deferral criteria, including computerized interviews or questionnaires, direct and indirect oral questioning, educational materials, and a combination of a tickbox questionnaire and a personal donor interview. High-quality evidence from a single study was provided for the effectiveness of a computerized interview in improving detection of HIV risk behaviour. Low-quality evidence for the effectiveness of computerized interviews was provided by 3 additional studies. Two studies reported a moderate effect of direct questioning in increasing donor deferral, but the quality of the evidence was low. Conclusion This review identified several interventions to improve donor compliance that have been tested in blood donation settings and provided evidence for the effectiveness of computerized interviews in improving detection of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brendan Quinn
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clive R Seed
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Kotsiou
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth Pearson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nick Scott
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mary Ellen Harrod
- NSW Users and AIDS Association, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Maher
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharon Caris
- Haemophilia Foundation Australia, Malvern East, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex J Thompson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Farrell
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanne Pink
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret E Hellard
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Doherty Institute and School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zeller MP, Ellingham D, Devine D, Lozano M, Lewis P, Zhiburt E, van der Linde L, Goldman M, Nakamura A, Inoue S, Takikawa M, Nakajima K, Turek P, Řeháček V, Sakashita AM, Kutner JM, Karim FA, Hindawi S, Jayasekara SBA, Merz EM, Gross S, Woimant G, Djoudi R, Byabazaire KD, Irving DO, Abdrakhmanova S, Khalykova A, Yilmaz S, Örűç NE, Huaynalaya IP, Ramirez LAS, Chuhriiev A. Vox Sanguinis International Forum on Donor Incentives: Summary. Vox Sang 2020; 115:339-344. [PMID: 32394471 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle P Zeller
- McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canadian Blood Services, 1200 Main Street West, HSC 3H54, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Dana Ellingham
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC-3H50, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Dana Devine
- Canadian Blood Services, UBC Centre for Blood Research, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Miquel Lozano
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, Hospital Clinic, Villaroel 170, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
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38
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Van Dyke N, Chell K, Masser B, Kruse SP, Gemelli CN, Jensen K, Davison TE. Thank you for donating: a survey of Australian donors' and nondonors' orientations toward noncash incentives for blood donation. Transfusion 2020; 60:1454-1462. [PMID: 32339296 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to understand Australian donors' and nondonors' orientations toward 13 noncash incentives for blood and plasma donation and the associations between orientations and intention to donate (nondonors) and subsequent donation (donors). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A survey of 1028 donors and 1201 nondonors was conducted online and by telephone. Donors were randomly selected from the Australian Red Cross Lifeblood donor panel; nondonors were selected from randomly generated fixed line and mobile telephone numbers across Australia. Incentives were chosen to reflect a wide array of possible noncash incentives that might be introduced by blood donation organizations (BDOs). Differences between donors and nondonors, as well as other subgroups, were investigated. RESULTS Orientations toward most types of incentives were positive or neutral. No significant differences were observed between incentive orientations for whole blood versus plasma donations. Many subgroup differences were small but statistically significant. There were mostly small, positive, significant associations between nondonors' intention to donate and orientations toward noncash incentives; there were mostly no significant associations between donors' orientations and subsequent donation behaviors. CONCLUSION The findings from this study suggest that BDOs that wish to trial noncash incentives in voluntary nonremunerative systems can be confident that neither donors nor potential donors will react negatively. They also indicate that BDOs have some flexibility in deciding which incentives to trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Van Dyke
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathleen Chell
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara Masser
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah P Kruse
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carley N Gemelli
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kyle Jensen
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tanya E Davison
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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39
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Irving AH, Harris A, Petrie D, Mortimer D, Ghijben P, Higgins A, McQuilten Z. A systematic review and network meta-analysis of incentive- and non-incentive-based interventions for increasing blood donations. Vox Sang 2020; 115:275-287. [PMID: 32043603 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Blood services are tasked with efficiently maintaining a reliable blood supply, and there has been much debate over the use of incentives to motivate prosocial activities. Thus, it is important to understand the relative effectiveness of interventions for increasing donations. MATERIALS AND METHODS This systematic review used a broad search strategy to identify randomized controlled trials comparing interventions for increasing blood donations. After full-text review, 28 trials from 25 published articles were included. Sufficient data for meta-analysis were available from 27 trials. Monetary incentives were assumed to be equivalent regardless of value, and non-monetary incentives were assumed to be equivalent regardless of type. Non-incentive-based interventions identified included existing practice, letters, telephone calls, questionnaires, and the combination of a letter & telephone call. A network meta-analysis was used to pool the results from identified trials. A subgroup analysis was performed in populations of donors and non-donors as sensitivity analyses. RESULTS The best performing interventions were letter & telephone call and telephone call-only with odds ratios of 3·08 (95% CI: 1·99, 4·75) and 1·99 (95% CI: 1·47, 2·69) compared to existing practice, respectively. With considerable uncertainty around the pooled effect, we found no evidence that monetary incentives were effective at increasing donations compared to existing practice. Non-monetary incentives were only effective in the donor subgroup. CONCLUSION When pooling across modes of interventions, letter & telephone call and telephone call-only are effective at increasing blood donations. The effectiveness of incentives remains unclear with limited, disparate evidence identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Irving
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Caulfield, Vic, Australia
| | - Anthony Harris
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Caulfield, Vic, Australia
| | - Dennis Petrie
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Caulfield, Vic, Australia
| | - Duncan Mortimer
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Caulfield, Vic, Australia
| | - Peter Ghijben
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Caulfield, Vic, Australia
| | - Alisa Higgins
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Caulfield, Vic, Australia
| | - Zoe McQuilten
- Transfusion Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Caulfield, Vic, Australia
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40
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Peedin AR, Park YA, Mazepa MA, Siniard RC, Neish T, Raval JS. The Impact of an Undergraduate Biology Class on Donor Recruitment at a Hospital-Based Blood Donor Center. Am J Clin Pathol 2020; 153:368-373. [PMID: 31783402 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A biology class, BIOL 294H, taught undergraduates about platelet donation while partnering with the University of North Carolina's (UNC's) hospital-based Blood Donation Center to recruit apheresis platelet donors. We identified our platelet donors' demographics and learned how BIOL 294H affected recruitment. METHODS Every platelet donor presenting to the UNC Blood Donation Center from February 7, 2017, to March 10, 2017, was asked to complete an electronic 10-question survey. RESULTS A total of 159 unique donors completed the survey; 64% were female and 75% were between ages 18 and 25 years. Overall, 70% were UNC undergraduate students. Over half (56%) reported first learning about platelet donation through word of mouth, and 22% cited specific efforts associated with BIOL 294H. CONCLUSIONS Recruitment of undergraduate platelet donors primarily included BIOL 294H peer interactions and deliverables from the class, such as social media updates and events on campus. The sustained recruiting efforts of our students over many years contributed to recruitment of a majority of our platelet donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis R Peedin
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yara A Park
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | | | - R Chad Siniard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Thomas Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Jay S Raval
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
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41
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Whyte S, Chan HF, Hammarberg K, Torgler B. Exploring the impact of terminology differences in blood and organ donor decision making. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227536. [PMID: 31917815 PMCID: PMC6952186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the global shortage of blood and organ donors across all medical markets is a serious concern for health care provision, we aim in this study to better understand decisions (not) to participate in these two forms of medical donation, which can save or prolong another's life. Using unique responses from over 1,000 online survey respondents, we compare the reasons given for the donation decision given by blood and/or registered organ donors versus non-donors. To do so, we categorize responses based on five dimensions of language choice: egocentric (referring to self), social, moral, positively emotional, and negatively emotional. Our results reveal statistically significant differences between blood donors and non-donors in the use of all five categories. With respect to organ donation, we find statistically significant differences between donors and non-donors in the use of social, moral and positive emotional terms but not in the use of egocentric or negatively emotional justifications. Such results suggest that the 'gift of life' terminology used universally to market to potential blood and organ donors may only be relevant in the blood donation market and unlikely to incentivize or change organ donation behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Whyte
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ho Fai Chan
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karin Hammarberg
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benno Torgler
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- CREMA—Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts, Zurich Switzerland
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42
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Shaz BH, Domen RE, France CR. Remunerating donors to ensure a safe and available blood supply. Transfusion 2019; 60 Suppl 3:S134-S137. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald E. Domen
- Penn State College of Medicine and Hershey Medical Center Hershey Pennsylvania
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43
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Hashemi S, Maghsudlu M, Nasizadeh S, Esmaielifar G, Pourfathollah AA. Effective ways to retain first‐time blood donors: a field‐trial study. Transfusion 2019; 59:2893-2898. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hashemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - Mahtab Maghsudlu
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - Soheila Nasizadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - Gilda Esmaielifar
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Pourfathollah
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Tehran Iran
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Ferguson E, Murray C, O’Carroll RE. Blood and organ donation: health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions. Psychol Health 2019; 34:1073-1104. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1603385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Catherine Murray
- Division of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
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45
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McSweeney B, Allegretti JR, Fischer M, Xu H, Goodman KJ, Monaghan T, McLeod C, Mullish BH, Petrof EO, Phelps EL, Chis R, Edmison A, Juby A, Ennis-Davis R, Roach B, Wong K, Kao D. In search of stool donors: a multicenter study of prior knowledge, perceptions, motivators, and deterrents among potential donors for fecal microbiota transplantation. Gut Microbes 2019; 11:51-62. [PMID: 31122134 PMCID: PMC6973337 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1611153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective therapy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Stool donors are essential, but difficult to recruit and retain. We aimed to identify factors influencing willingness to donate stool. This multi-center study with a 32-item questionnaire targeted young adults and health care workers via social media and university email lists in Edmonton and Kingston, Canada; London and Nottingham, England; and Indianapolis and Boston, USA. Items included baseline demographics and FMT knowledge and perception. Investigated motivators and deterrents included economic compensation, screening process, time commitment, and stool donation logistics. Logistic regression and linear regression models estimated associations of study variables with self-assessed willingness to donate stool. 802 respondents completed our questionnaire: 387 (48.3%) age 21-30 years, 573 (71.4%) female, 323 (40%) health care workers. Country of residence, age and occupation were not associated with willingness to donate stool. Factors increasing willingness to donate were: already a blood donor (OR 1.64), male, altruism, economic benefit, knowledge of how FMT can help patients (OR 1.32), and positive attitudes towards FMT (OR 1.39). Factors decreasing willingness to donate were: stool collection unpleasant (OR 0.92), screening process invasive (OR 0.92), higher stool donation frequency, negative social perception of stool, and logistics of collection/transporting feces. We conclude that 1) blood donors and males are more willing to consider stool donation; 2) altruism, economic compensation, and positive feedback are motivators; and 3) screening process, high donation frequency, logistics of collection/transporting feces, lack of public awareness, and negative social perception are deterrents. Considering these variables could maximize donor recruitment and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna McSweeney
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica R. Allegretti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monika Fischer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Huiping Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, The Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Karen J. Goodman
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tanya Monaghan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carmen McLeod
- Nottingham Synthetic Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Benjamin H. Mullish
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elaine O. Petrof
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emmalee L. Phelps
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roxana Chis
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abby Edmison
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Angela Juby
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ralph Ennis-Davis
- Department of Medicine, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brandi Roach
- Zeidler Ledcor Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Wong
- Zeidler Ledcor Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dina Kao
- Zeidler Ledcor Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,CONTACT Dina Kao Zeidler Ledcor Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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46
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Öhrner C, Kvist M, Blom Wiberg K, Diedrich B. Why do young men lapse from blood donation? Vox Sang 2019; 114:566-575. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Öhrner
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Transplantation Surgery Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maria Kvist
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Transplantation Surgery Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Karolina Blom Wiberg
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Transplantation Surgery Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Beatrice Diedrich
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Transplantation Surgery Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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47
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Huis In 't Veld EMJ, de Kort WLAM, Merz EM. Determinants of blood donation willingness in the European Union: a cross-country perspective on perceived transfusion safety, concerns, and incentives. Transfusion 2019; 59:1273-1282. [PMID: 30811608 PMCID: PMC6849819 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Willingness to donate blood depends on personal characteristics, beliefs, and motivations, but also on the cultural context. The aim of this study was to examine whether willingness to donate blood is associated with attitudes toward blood transfusion, personal motivators, and incentives and whether these factors vary across countries in the European Union (EU). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The sample consisted of 27,868 participants, from 28 EU member states, who were interviewed about blood donation and transfusion-related issues for the 2014 round of the Eurobarometer, a country-comparative survey, collected on behalf of the European Commission. Participants were asked whether they would be willing to donate blood and for which reasons (motivators) and which incentives are appropriate to receive in return for a blood donation. RESULTS Willingness to donate varied significantly across countries and was positively associated with perceived blood transfusion safety. Furthermore, helping family or people in need were the most powerful motivators for blood donation willingness in almost all countries. In contrast, the number of participants who were willing to donate to alleviate shortages or to contribute to research varied widely across countries. The wish to receive certain incentives, however, did not seem to be related to willingness to donate. CONCLUSION Perceived blood transfusion safety and personal motivations may be stronger determinants of willingness to donate than receiving certain incentives. EU-wide strategies and guidelines for donor recruitment and retention should take both overall and country-specific patterns into account. For example, education on the importance of donation could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M J Huis In 't Veld
- Department of Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Wim L A M de Kort
- Department of Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva-Maria Merz
- Department of Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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