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Pucca MB, Camphora AL. The potential risks of equine serum therapy in transmitting new infectious diseases: lessons from a post-pandemic era. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1366929. [PMID: 38420034 PMCID: PMC10899399 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1366929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela B. Pucca
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Camphora
- Independent Researcher on Intersections of Modern and Contemporary Equine Cultures, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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2
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Zander-Fox DL, Pacella-Ince L, Morgan DK, Green MP. Mammalian embryo culture media: now and into the future. Reprod Fertil Dev 2023; 36:66-80. [PMID: 38064187 DOI: 10.1071/rd23168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For over 70years, since the culture of the first mammalian embryo in vitro , scientists have undertaken studies to devise and optimise media to support the manipulation and culture of gametes and embryos. This area of research became especially active in the late 1970s onwards following the successful birth of the first human in vitro fertilised embryo. This review summarises some of the key advances in mammalian embryo culture media over time based on a greater understanding of the biochemical milieu of the reproductive tract. It highlights how learnings from studies in mice and agricultural species have informed human culture media compositions, in particular the inclusion of albumin, growth factors, cytokines, and antioxidants into contemporary culture media formulations, and how these advances may then in turn help to inform and guide development of in vitro culture systems used in other arenas, in particular agriculture. Additionally, it will highlight how the introduction of new technologies, such as timelapse, can influence current trends in media composition and usage that may see a return to a single step medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre L Zander-Fox
- Monash IVF Group, Melbourne, Vic., Australia; and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia; and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Leanne Pacella-Ince
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and Repromed, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Mark P Green
- Monash IVF Group, Melbourne, Vic., Australia; and School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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3
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Burnouf T, Chou ML, Lundy DJ, Chuang EY, Tseng CL, Goubran H. Expanding applications of allogeneic platelets, platelet lysates, and platelet extracellular vesicles in cell therapy, regenerative medicine, and targeted drug delivery. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:79. [PMID: 37704991 PMCID: PMC10500824 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are small anucleated blood cells primarily known for their vital hemostatic role. Allogeneic platelet concentrates (PCs) collected from healthy donors are an essential cellular product transfused by hospitals to control or prevent bleeding in patients affected by thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunctions. Platelets fulfill additional essential functions in innate and adaptive immunity and inflammation, as well as in wound-healing and tissue-repair mechanisms. Platelets contain mitochondria, lysosomes, dense granules, and alpha-granules, which collectively are a remarkable reservoir of multiple trophic factors, enzymes, and signaling molecules. In addition, platelets are prone to release in the blood circulation a unique set of extracellular vesicles (p-EVs), which carry a rich biomolecular cargo influential in cell-cell communications. The exceptional functional roles played by platelets and p-EVs explain the recent interest in exploring the use of allogeneic PCs as source material to develop new biotherapies that could address needs in cell therapy, regenerative medicine, and targeted drug delivery. Pooled human platelet lysates (HPLs) can be produced from allogeneic PCs that have reached their expiration date and are no longer suitable for transfusion but remain valuable source materials for other applications. These HPLs can substitute for fetal bovine serum as a clinical grade xeno-free supplement of growth media used in the in vitro expansion of human cells for transplantation purposes. The use of expired allogeneic platelet concentrates has opened the way for small-pool or large-pool allogeneic HPLs and HPL-derived p-EVs as biotherapy for ocular surface disorders, wound care and, potentially, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarthritis, and others. Additionally, allogeneic platelets are now seen as a readily available source of cells and EVs that can be exploited for targeted drug delivery vehicles. This article aims to offer an in-depth update on emerging translational applications of allogeneic platelet biotherapies while also highlighting their advantages and limitations as a clinical modality in regenerative medicine and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- International Ph.D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Li Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David J Lundy
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hadi Goubran
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
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4
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Kozaili J, Shah A, Robbins D, Brinkman N, Burdick M, Strauss D. Serial virus filtration: A case study evaluating the product-dependent impact of control strategies on process efficiency. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200599. [PMID: 37218550 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The production of biopharmaceutical products carries an inherent risk of contamination by adventitious viruses. Historically, these manufacturing processes have incorporated a dedicated virus filtration step to ensure product safety. However, challenging process conditions can lead to passage of small viruses to the permeate pool and an overall decrease in the desired virus logarithmic reduction value (LRV) for the process. The implementation of serial virus filtration has improved the robustness of such processes, albeit concerns about increased operating times and process complexity have limited its implementation. This work focused on optimizing a serial filtration process and identifying process control strategies to provide maximum efficiency while ensuring proper controls for process complexity. Constant TMP was identified as the optimal control strategy, which combined with the optimal filter ratio, resulted in a robust and faster virus filtration process. To demonstrate this hypothesis, data with two filters connected in series (1:1 filter ratio) are presented for a representative non-fouling molecule. Similarly, for a fouling product, the optimal setup was a combination of a filter connected in series to two filters operated in parallel (2:1 filter ratio). The optimized filter ratios bring cost- and time-savings benefits to the virus filtration step, thereby offering improved productivity. The results of risk and cost analyses performed as part of this study combined with the control strategy, offer companies a toolbox of strategies to accommodate products with different filterability profiles in their downstream processes. This work demonstrates that the safety advantages of performing filters in series can be achieved with minimal increases in time, cost, and risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kozaili
- Science and Technology Research and Development, Asahi Kasei Bioprocess America Inc., Glenview, Illinois, USA
| | - Aesha Shah
- Horizon Therapeutics, Deerfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Donna Robbins
- Plasma Product Development, CSL Behring, Kankakee, Illinois, USA
| | - Nathan Brinkman
- Plasma Product Development, CSL Behring, Kankakee, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Burdick
- Plasma Product Development, CSL Behring, Kankakee, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Strauss
- Science and Technology Research and Development, Asahi Kasei Bioprocess America Inc., Glenview, Illinois, USA
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5
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Dunn FB, Silverman AI. Sunlight photolysis of SARS-CoV-2 N1 gene target in the water environment: considerations for the environmental surveillance of wastewater-impacted surface waters. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2023; 21:1228-1241. [PMID: 37756191 PMCID: wh_2023_091 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 has been used around the world to supplement clinical testing data for situational awareness of COVID-19 disease trends. Many regions of the world lack centralized wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure, which presents additional considerations for wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, including environmental decay of the RT-qPCR gene targets used for quantification of SARS-CoV-2 virions. Given the role of sunlight in the environmental decay of RNA, we evaluated sunlight photolysis kinetics of the N1 gene target in heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 with a solar simulator under laboratory conditions. Insignificant photolysis of the N1 target was observed in a photosensitizer-free matrix. Conversely, significant decay of the N1 target was observed in wastewater at a shallow depth (<1 cm). Given that sunlight irradiance is affected by several environmental factors, first-order decay rate models were used to evaluate the effect of water column depth, time of the year, and latitude on decay kinetics. Decay rate constants were found to decrease significantly with greater depth of the well-mixed water column, at high latitudes, and in the winter. Therefore, sunlight-mediated decay of the N1 gene target is likely to be minimal, and is unlikely to confound results from wastewater-based epidemiology programs utilizing wastewater-impacted surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona B Dunn
- Department of Civil and Urban Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA E-mail:
| | - Andrea I Silverman
- Department of Civil and Urban Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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6
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Allicock OM, Yolda-Carr D, Earnest R, Breban MI, Vega N, Ott IM, Kalinich C, Alpert T, Petrone ME, Wyllie AL. Method versatility in RNA extraction-free PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 182:103-108. [PMID: 37369293 PMCID: PMC10290768 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Early in the pandemic, a simple, open-source, RNA extraction-free RT-qPCR protocol for SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva was developed and made widely available. This simplified approach (SalivaDirect) requires only sample treatment with proteinase K prior to PCR testing. However, feedback from clinical laboratories highlighted a need for a flexible workflow that can be seamlessly integrated into their current health and safety requirements for the receiving and handling of potentially infectious samples. To address these varying needs, we explored additional pre-PCR workflows. We built upon the original SalivaDirect workflow to include an initial incubation step (95 °C for 30 min, 95 °C for 5 min or 65 °C for 15 min) with or without addition of proteinase K. The limit of detection for the workflows tested did not significantly differ from that of the original SalivaDirect workflow. When tested on de-identified saliva samples from confirmed COVID-19 individuals, these workflows also produced comparable virus detection and assay sensitivities, as determined by RT-qPCR analysis. Exclusion of proteinase K did not negatively affect the sensitivity of the assay. The addition of multiple heat pretreatment options to the SalivaDirect protocol increases the accessibility of this cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 test as it gives diagnostic laboratories the flexibility to implement the workflow which best suits their safety protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orchid M Allicock
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Devyn Yolda-Carr
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Rebecca Earnest
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Mallery I Breban
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Noel Vega
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Isabel M Ott
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Chaney Kalinich
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Tara Alpert
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Mary E Petrone
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Anne L Wyllie
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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7
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez Ordoñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Nonno R, Peixe L, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Fernandez Escamez P, Gonzales‐Barron U, Roberts H, Ru G, Simmons M, Cruz RB, Lourenço Martins J, Messens W, Ortiz‐Pelaez A, Simon AC, De Cesare A. Assessment on the efficacy of methods 2 to 5 and method 7 set out in Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 to inactivate relevant pathogens when producing processed animal protein of porcine origin intended to feed poultry and aquaculture animals. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08093. [PMID: 37416785 PMCID: PMC10320699 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An assessment was conducted on the level of inactivation of relevant pathogens that could be present in processed animal protein of porcine origin intended to feed poultry and aquaculture animals when methods 2 to 5 and method 7, as detailed in Regulation (EU) No 142/2011, are applied. Five approved scenarios were selected for method 7. Salmonella Senftenberg, Enterococcus faecalis, spores of Clostridium perfringens and parvoviruses were shortlisted as target indicators. Inactivation parameters for these indicators were extracted from extensive literature search and a recent EFSA scientific opinion. An adapted Bigelow model was fitted to retrieved data to estimate the probability that methods 2 to 5, in coincidental and consecutive modes, and the five scenarios of method 7 are able to achieve a 5 log10 and a 3 log10 reduction of bacterial indicators and parvoviruses, respectively. Spores of C. perfringens were the indicator with the lowest probability of achieving the target reduction by methods 2 to 5, in coincidental and consecutive mode, and by the five considered scenarios of method 7. An expert knowledge elicitation was conducted to estimate the certainty of achieving a 5 log10 reduction of spores of C. perfringens considering the results of the model and additional evidence. A 5 log10 reduction of C. perfringens spores was judged: 99-100% certain for methods 2 and 3 in coincidental mode; 98-100% certain for method 7 scenario 3; 80-99% certain for method 5 in coincidental mode; 66-100% certain for method 4 in coincidental mode and for method 7 scenarios 4 and 5; 25-75% certain for method 7 scenario 2; and 0-5% certain for method 7 scenario 1. Higher certainty is expected for methods 2 to 5 in consecutive mode compared to coincidental mode.
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8
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Raedts J, Kellenbach E. Quantitative Risk Evaluation of Adventitious Agents in Heparin. TH OPEN 2023; 7:e128-e132. [PMID: 37220491 PMCID: PMC10200340 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin is typically extracted from domestic pigs, which may carry zoonotic adventitious agents. Prion and viral safety cannot be assured by testing the active pharmaceutical ingredient itself; instead for the evaluation of the adventitious agent (i.e., viruses/prions) safety of heparin and heparinoid (e.g., Orgaran or Sulodexide) therapeutics, a risk assessment is required. An approach is presented which provides a quantitative estimation of the worst-case potential residual adventitious agent (i.e., GC/mL or ID 50 ) present in a maximum daily dose of heparin. This estimation is based on the input (determined by prevalence, titer, and amount of starting material to prepare a maximum daily dose) and validated reduction by the manufacturing process, resulting in an estimation of the worst-case potential level of adventitious agent present in a maximum daily dose. The merits of this quantitative, worst-case approach are evaluated. The approach described in this review provides a tool for a quantitative risk evaluation of the viral and prion safety of heparin.
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9
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Hyperoncotic human albumin solutions for intravenous fluid therapy: Effectiveness of pathogen safety and purification methods, and clinical safety. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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10
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Ma W, Pang M, Lei X, Wang Z, Feng H, Li S, Chen D. Orf Virus Detection in the Saliva and Milk of Dairy Goats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:837808. [PMID: 35432295 PMCID: PMC9006325 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.837808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf is a zoonotic and highly contagious disease caused by Orf virus (ORFV) infection. Orf outbreaks in sheep and goats usually lead to high culling rate and mortality in newborn kids and lambs, posing a great threat to the development of goat and sheep industry. Human Orf occurs via direct contact with infected animals or fomites. While this disease is traditionally thought to spread through direct contact, whether other transmission routes exist remains unclear. Herein, we report the detection of ORFV in the saliva and milk of dairy goats without clinical Orf symptoms. Further analyses showed that these ORFV are infectious, as they can induce characteristic cytopathic changes in primary mammary and lip cells. Importantly, these ORFV can induce typical Orf lesions after inoculation in ORFV-free dairy goats. This is the first study showing that live, infectious ORFV can be isolated from the saliva and milk of asymptomatic goats, highlighting novel potential transmission routes of ORFV. These findings provide a novel idea for the prevention and control of Orf spread.
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Turecek PL, Hibbett D, Kreil TR. Plasma procurement and plasma product safety in light of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of the plasma industry. Vox Sang 2022; 117:780-788. [PMID: 35298841 PMCID: PMC9115499 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review, written from the perspective of the plasma industry, discusses plasma procurement and plasma product safety in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The COVID‐19 pandemic impacted the whole world and, therefore, not unexpectedly, the pharmaceutical industry too. In spite of this, the plasma protein industry has continued to provide life saving therapies to critically ill patients. Moreover, companies have collected COVID convalescent plasma (CP) to support development of investigational therapies, for example, hyperimmune globulins to potentially treat SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and collaborated with those collecting COVID CP for direct transfusion, which has been made available under emergency use in the United States. For plasma that is fractionated to become a therapy, general knowledge of coronaviruses and numerous new studies on the structure and function of SARS‐CoV‐2 provide reassurance that existing industry precautions, including donor selection, as well as virus inactivation and removal steps during the manufacturing process are sufficient to maintain the high standards of virus safety of plasma products. The pandemic also revealed the vulnerability and inadequacy of the current plasma ecosystem. There is a need for more plasma to be collected around the world to meet the growing need for safe and efficacious plasma‐derived therapies. This requires outdated regulatory and policy restrictions to be realigned with current scientific evidence. More countries around the world should be in a position to contribute to global supply of plasma so that patients with life‐threatening conditions ‐ and often no alternative therapeutic solutions ‐ have better access to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Turecek
- Plasma-Derived Therapies R&D, Baxalta Innovations GmbH, part of Takeda, Vienna, Austria
| | - Deborah Hibbett
- Global Communications and Public Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Kreil
- Global Pathogen Safety, Takeda Manufacturing Austria AG, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Bui TKN, Mawatari K, Emoto T, Fukushima S, Shimohata T, Uebanso T, Akutagawa M, Kinouchi Y, Takahashi A. UV-LED irradiation reduces the infectivity of herpes simplex virus type 1 by targeting different viral components depending on the peak wavelength. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 228:112410. [PMID: 35193038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is an enveloped virus that mainly infects humans. Given its high global prevalence, disinfection is critical for reducing the risk of infection. Ultraviolet-light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are eco-friendly irradiating modules with different peak wavelengths, but the molecules degraded by UV-LED irradiation have not been clarified. To identify the target viral molecules of UV-LEDs, we exposed HSV-1 suspensions to UV-LED irradiation at wavelengths of 260-, 280-, 310-, and 365-nm and measured viral DNA, protein, and lipid damage and infectivity in host cells. All UV-LEDs substantially reduced by inhibiting host cell transcription, but 260- and 280-nm UV-LEDs had significantly stronger virucidal efficiency than 310- and 365-nm UV-LEDs. Meanwhile, 260- and 280-nm UV-LEDs induced the formation of viral DNA photoproducts and the degradation of viral proteins and some phosphoglycerolipid species. Unlike 260- and 280-nm UV-LEDs, 310- and 365-nm UV-LEDs decreased the viral protein levels, but they did not drastically change the levels of viral DNA photoproducts and lipophilic metabolites. These results suggest that UV-LEDs reduce the infectivity of HSV-1 by targeting different viral molecules based on the peak wavelength. These findings could facilitate the optimization of UV-LED irradiation for viral inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Ngan Bui
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Mawatari
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Emoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Minamijyousanjima-cho 2-1, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Shiho Fukushima
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takaaki Shimohata
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Department of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Takashi Uebanso
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masatake Akutagawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Minamijyousanjima-cho 2-1, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Kinouchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Minamijyousanjima-cho 2-1, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Jubinville E, Girard M, Trudel-Ferland M, Fliss I, Jean J. Inactivation of Murine Norovirus Suspended in Organic Matter Simulating Actual Conditions of Viral Contamination. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2021; 13:544-552. [PMID: 34328631 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-021-09493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne viral illnesses are frequent worldwide and costly for the society. Human norovirus is one of the most common causal agents. Although some norovirus genotypes can now be cultured, surrogates are still used for inactivation studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different organic loads individually (artificial feces, real fecal matter, ASTM tripartite organic load, fetal bovine serum) on the efficacy of three highly used sanitization treatments (thermal inactivation, peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite treatment) using murine norovirus 3 in solutions and surfaces. Based on plaque-forming units, we show that organic matter protects murine norovirus 3 against thermal inactivation (viral reduction of ~ 1 log compared to 2.67 with PBS). However, there was a low-level but significant protection against peracetic acid (viral reduction of ~ 2 log compared to 2.85 with PBS) and none in the presence of sodium hypochlorite. Our study showed that the tested organic matters do not behave similarly depending on the treatments, especially with heat treatments, which showed a higher protection. Furthermore, Feclone ™ artificial feces mimicked some aspect of real fecal matter and may be used instead. Our results will be helpful to researchers undertaking viral inactivation studies in which an organic matrix is used to simulate actual conditions of human norovirus environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jubinville
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maryline Girard
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mathilde Trudel-Ferland
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Julie Jean
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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14
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Zeng Y, Wu G. Electrocatalytic H2O2 generation for disinfection. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Buesing B, Schwartz A, Shah A, Sohka T, Hirotomi N, Strauss D. Virus filter scalability: Demonstration of consistent viral clearance across laboratory and manufacturing scales. Biologicals 2021; 72:27-32. [PMID: 34226123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus removal filtration processes in biopharmaceutical manufacturing are developed, optimized and validated for viral clearance using laboratory scale filters. Thus, the scalability of these filters is critical for accurately extrapolating filtration performance and reliably extending viral clearance to manufacturing scale. Virus removal filter manufacturers generally validate scalability of filtration performance based on various filtration parameters, and virus removal capability is extended to manufacturing scale filters using inert, size-appropriate particles such as gold nanoparticles to avoid the risks associated with using mammalian viruses in large feed volumes. In this study, we use bacteriophage PP7 as a parvovirus model to directly demonstrate viral clearance on Planova™ BioEX virus removal filters across all scales, including manufacturing scale. Filters with hollow fibers from three spinning series with filter sizes ranging from 0.0003 to 4.0 m2 were tested for virus removal, flux, and protein recovery performance using BSA spiked with PP7. Complete viral clearance was observed across all filter sizes with PP7 LRV of ≥4.7 or higher. Flux and protein recovery were also consistent. These results demonstrate the scalability of filtration performance and consistent virus removal at all sizes, supporting the use of laboratory scale filters to validate viral clearance at manufacturing scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Buesing
- Science and Technology, Asahi Kasei Bioprocess America, Inc., 1855 Elmdale Avenue, Glenview, IL, 60026, USA.
| | - Alex Schwartz
- Science and Technology, Asahi Kasei Bioprocess America, Inc., 1855 Elmdale Avenue, Glenview, IL, 60026, USA
| | - Aesha Shah
- Science and Technology, Asahi Kasei Bioprocess America, Inc., 1855 Elmdale Avenue, Glenview, IL, 60026, USA
| | - Takayuki Sohka
- Science and Technology, Asahi Kasei Bioprocess America, Inc., 1855 Elmdale Avenue, Glenview, IL, 60026, USA
| | - Naokatsu Hirotomi
- Science and Technology, Asahi Kasei Bioprocess America, Inc., 1855 Elmdale Avenue, Glenview, IL, 60026, USA
| | - Daniel Strauss
- Science and Technology, Asahi Kasei Bioprocess America, Inc., 1855 Elmdale Avenue, Glenview, IL, 60026, USA
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Anderegg L, Doyle J, Gardel ML, Gupta A, Hallas C, Lensky Y, Love NG, Lucas BA, Mazenc E, Meisenhelder C, Pillarisetti A, Ranard D, Squires AH, Vechakul J, Vilas NB, Williams S, Wilson D, Chen TN. Heat and Humidity for Bioburden Reduction of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2021; 26:80-89. [DOI: 10.1089/apb.20.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Anderegg
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard/MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Doyle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard/MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret L. Gardel
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amit Gupta
- Consolidated Sterilizer Systems, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Hallas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard/MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuri Lensky
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nancy G. Love
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Edward Mazenc
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Cole Meisenhelder
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard/MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ajay Pillarisetti
- PPE Sanitizer Group, Vallejo, California, USA
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel Ranard
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Allison H. Squires
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Nathaniel B. Vilas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard/MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Tyler N. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Dähnert L, Schlosser J, Fast C, Fröhlich A, Gröner A, Lange E, Roth NJ, Schäfer W, Schröder C, Eiden M, Groschup MH. Hepatitis E virus: Efficacy of pasteurization of plasma-derived VWF/FVIII concentrate determined by pig bioassay. Transfusion 2021; 61:1266-1277. [PMID: 33605455 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the leading cause of acute hepatitis throughout the world. Increasing blood component transfusion-associated HEV infections highlight the need for reliable virus inactivation procedures for plasma derivatives from pooled plasma donations. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS An animal infection study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of HEV inactivation by pasteurization during the manufacturing process of the von Willebrand Factor/Factor VIII (VWF/FVIII) concentrate Haemate P/Humate-P (CSL Behring, Marburg, Germany). For this purpose, groups of pigs were inoculated with stabilized VWF/FVIII intermediate spiked with HEV-positive liver homogenate and exposed to increasing incubation times of 0, 3, 6, and 10 h at 60°C. Animals were evaluated for virus replication over 27 days and in a subsequent trial over 92 days. RESULTS Virus replication was detected in animals up to the 6-h pasteurization group. In contrast, pasteurization for 10 h did not reveal virus detection when the observation period was 27 days. In an additional experiment using the 10-h pasteurized material, two individuals started virus excretion and seroconverted when the observation period was extended to 92 days. Based on the total infection rate (2 of 12) of the animals inoculated with the sample pasteurized for 10 h, a virus reduction factor of at least 4.7 log10 is calculated. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that pasteurization at 60°C for 10 h of an HEV-positive plasma derivative leads to the effective reduction of infectivity, resulting in a VWF/FVIII product with an appropriate margin of safety for HEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dähnert
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Josephine Schlosser
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Fast
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Fröhlich
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Elke Lange
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nathan J Roth
- Global Pathogen Safety, CSL Behring AG, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Charlotte Schröder
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Eiden
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
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18
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Chida AS, Goldstein JM, Lee J, Tang X, Bedi K, Herzegh O, Moon JL, Petway D, Bagarozzi DA, Hughes LJ. Comparison of Zika virus inactivation methods for reagent production and disinfection methods. J Virol Methods 2021; 287:114004. [PMID: 33098957 PMCID: PMC10901439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.114004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection remains a public health concern necessitating demand for long-term virus production for diagnostic assays and R&D activities. Inactivated virus constitutes an important component of the Trioplex rRT-PCR assay and serological IgM assay (MAC-ELISA). The aim of our study is to establish standard methods of ZIKV inactivation while maintaining antigenicity and RNA integrity. We tested viral supernatants by four different inactivation methods: 1. Heat inactivation at 56 °C and 60 °C; 2. Gamma-Irradiation; 3. Chemical inactivation by Beta-propiolactone (BPL) and 4. Fast-acting commercial disinfecting agents. Effectivity was measured by cytopathic effect (CPE) and plaque assay. RNA stability and antigenicity were measured by RT-PCR and MAC-ELISA, respectively. Results: Heat inactivation: Low titer samples, incubated at 56 °C for 2 h, showed neither CPE or plaques compared to high titer supernatants that required 2.5 h. Inactivation occurred at 60 °C for 60 min with all virus titers. Gamma irradiation: Samples irradiated at ≥3 Mrad for low virus concentrations and ≥5Mrad for high virus titer completely inactivated virus. Chemical Inactivation: Neither CPE nor plaques were observed with ≥0.045 % BPL inactivation of ZIKV. Disinfectant: Treatment of viral supernatants with Micro-Chem Plus™, inactivated virus in 2 min, whereas, Ethanol (70 %) and STERIS Coverage® Spray TB inactivated the virus in 5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiya S Chida
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jason M Goldstein
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Joo Lee
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xiaoling Tang
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kanwar Bedi
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Owen Herzegh
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jonathan L Moon
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - David Petway
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dennis A Bagarozzi
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Laura J Hughes
- Reagent and Diagnostic Services Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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19
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Sandoval-Monzón RS, Arévalo-Rodriguez ICK, Carrillo-Torres AA, Ruiz-García LF. Efficacy of physical and chemical treatments on the inactivation of bovine leukosis virus present in milk. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2021; 10:52-58. [PMID: 33628755 PMCID: PMC7892945 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of pasteurization, freezing, the addition of formaldehyde and peroxymonosulfate on the inactivation of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) present in milk. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sheep bioassay was carried out in 40 sheep, which were intraperitoneally inoculated with leukocytes from milk infected by the BLV previously treated with one of the virus inactivation methods. Five study groups were evaluated: (1) control group: milk without previous treatment, (2) pasteurization group: milk treated by pasteurization, (3) freezing group: milk treated by freezing for 36 hours, (4) formaldehyde group: 0.1% formaldehyde, and (5) peroxymonosulfate group: 0.05% peroxymonosulfate. The inoculated animals were followed for 10 weeks. RESULTS At week 10 post-inoculation, all the animals (8/8) of the control group and the peroxymonosulfate group were seropositive to BLV, while no animals were seropositive (0/8) to BLV in the remaining three groups. Statistically significant differences were found between the pasteurization, freezing and formaldehyde groups with respect to the control (p<0.001) and peroxymonosulfate groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The results indicate that pasteurization, freezing and formaldehyde processes are efficient in inactivating the BLV and can be used in milk to prevent the transmission of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis Felipe Ruiz-García
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
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20
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Noninvasive Fetal RhD Blood Group Genotyping: A Health Technology Assessment. ONTARIO HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT SERIES 2020; 20:1-160. [PMID: 33240456 PMCID: PMC7670296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RhD blood group incompatibility during pregnancy can cause serious health problems for the fetus. Noninvasive fetal RhD blood group genotyping is a test for fetal RhD status that may help prevent unnecessary preventive treatment (Rh immunoglobulin [RhIG] injections) and intensive pregnancy monitoring. We conducted a health technology assessment of noninvasive fetal RhD blood group genotyping for RhD-negative (RhD-) pregnancies. Our assessment evaluated the test's diagnostic accuracy, clinical utility, and cost-effectiveness, the budget impact of publicly funding this test, and patients' and providers' preferences and values. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search of the clinical and economic evidence to conduct an overview of reviews for test accuracy, a systematic review for clinical utility, and a review of the test's cost-effectiveness compared with usual care. We assessed the risk of bias of each included systematic review and study using the ROBIS and RoBANs tools, respectively. We assessed the quality of the body of clinical evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group criteria. We developed probabilistic Markov microsimulation models to determine the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of noninvasive fetal RhD genotyping compared with usual care from the Ontario Ministry of Health perspective. We also estimated the 5-year budget impact of publicly funding this test in Ontario. To examine patient and provider preferences related to noninvasive fetal RhD genotyping, we conducted a literature survey of quantitative studies on preference; the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) performed a review of qualitative literature about patient preferences; and we conducted interviews and an online survey with Ontario patients. RESULTS We included six systematic reviews in the overview of reviews on diagnostic test accuracy and 11 studies in the clinical utility review. Across systematic reviews, test accuracy was high for noninvasive fetal RhD genotyping. The evidence suggests that implementation of noninvasive fetal RhD genotyping may lead to avoidance of unnecessary RhIG prophylaxis (GRADE: Low), good compliance with targeted RhIG prophylaxis (GRADE: Very low), and high uptake of genotyping (GRADE: Low). Alloimmunization may not increase when using noninvasive fetal RhD genotyping to target prenatal RhIG prophylaxis (GRADE: Very low), and may allow unnecessary monitoring and invasive procedures to be avoided in alloimmunized pregnancies (GRADE: Very low).We included eight published economic studies that reported inconsistent results regarding the cost-effectiveness of noninvasive fetal RhD genotyping. In nonalloimmunized RhD- pregnancies, compared with usual care, the intervention identified more maternal alloimmunization cases (probability: 0.0022 vs. 0.0020) and was associated with a reduced number of RhIG injections per pregnancy (1.79 vs 1.43). It was more expensive ($154, 95% credible interval [CrI] $139 to $169) but had little impact on the QALYs of newborns followed over a 10-year time horizon (0.0007, 95% CrI -0.01 to 0.01). The cost of noninvasive fetal RhD genotyping and inclusion of paternal RhD typing were drivers of the cost-effectiveness results in this population. In alloimmunized RhD- pregnancies, noninvasive fetal RhD genotyping was associated with lower resource use during the pregnancy. Compared with usual care, it was less costly (-$6,280, 95% CrI -$6,325 to -$6,229) and more effective (0.19 QALYs, 95% CrI 0.17 to 0.20).The annual budget impact of publicly funding noninvasive fetal RhD genotyping in nonalloimmunized RhD- pregnancies in Ontario ranges from $2.6 million in year 1 (uptake of 80%) to $3.4 million in year 5 (uptake of 100%), with a 5-year total of about $14.8 million. In alloimmunized pregnancies, we estimate cost savings, from about $9 million in year 1 to about $12 million in year 5, with 5-year total savings of about $51.5 million.We included two studies in the survey of quantitative preferences literature. In the quantitative literature, RhD- pregnant people support routine offering of noninvasive fetal RhD genotyping as part of pregnancy care, with a preference to be adequately informed about the test process, attributes, timing, and risks in advance of the test, ideally in a dialogue with their health care provider. More than half of obstetric health care providers were supportive of offering the test. The qualitative review by CADTH and our own engagement with Ontario patients yielded similar results. Participants consistently expressed a desire for more information about the test and assurance about its safety. They also consistently mentioned the prevention of unnecessary monitoring and treatment as potential benefits. CONCLUSIONS Noninvasive fetal RhD blood group genotyping is an accurate test to determine RhD incompatibility and guide management of RhD- pregnancies. Compared with usual care, noninvasive fetal RhD genotyping is less costly and more effective for the management of alloimmunized pregnancies. For nonalloimmunized pregnancies, noninvasive fetal RhD genotyping would generally not be considered cost-effective, compared with usual care, unless the cost of testing is much lower than what is proposed now. Publicly funding noninvasive fetal RhD genotyping for guiding the management of RhD- pregnancies in Ontario over next 5 years is associated with a total budget impact of about $15 million in nonalloimmunized pregnancies and total cost savings of about $51 million in alloimmunized pregnancies. Patients and providers indicated support for the routine use of noninvasive fetal RhD genotyping in RhD- pregnancies.
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21
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Albahri OS, Al-Obaidi JR, Zaidan AA, Albahri AS, Zaidan BB, Salih MM, Qays A, Dawood KA, Mohammed RT, Abdulkareem KH, Aleesa AM, Alamoodi AH, Chyad MA, Zulkifli CZ. Helping doctors hasten COVID-19 treatment: Towards a rescue framework for the transfusion of best convalescent plasma to the most critical patients based on biological requirements via ml and novel MCDM methods. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 196:105617. [PMID: 32593060 PMCID: PMC7305916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT People who have recently recovered from the threat of deteriorating coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have antibodies to the coronavirus circulating in their blood. Thus, the transfusion of these antibodies to deteriorating patients could theoretically help boost their immune system. Biologically, two challenges need to be surmounted to allow convalescent plasma (CP) transfusion to rescue the most severe COVID-19 patients. First, convalescent subjects must meet donor selection plasma criteria and comply with national health requirements and known standard routine procedures. Second, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems should be considered in the selection of the most suitable CP and the prioritisation of patients with COVID-19. OBJECTIVE This paper presents a rescue framework for the transfusion of the best CP to the most critical patients with COVID-19 on the basis of biological requirements by using machine learning and novel MCDM methods. METHOD The proposed framework is illustrated on the basis of two distinct and consecutive phases (i.e. testing and development). In testing, ABO compatibility is assessed after classifying donors into the four blood types, namely, A, B, AB and O, to indicate the suitability and safety of plasma for administration in order to refine the CP tested list repository. The development phase includes patient and donor sides. In the patient side, prioritisation is performed using a contracted patient decision matrix constructed between 'serological/protein biomarkers and the ratio of the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to fractional inspired oxygen criteria' and 'patient list based on novel MCDM method known as subjective and objective decision by opinion score method'. Then, the patients with the most urgent need are classified into the four blood types and matched with a tested CP list from the test phase in the donor side. Thereafter, the prioritisation of CP tested list is performed using the contracted CP decision matrix. RESULT An intelligence-integrated concept is proposed to identify the most appropriate CP for corresponding prioritised patients with COVID-19 to help doctors hasten treatments. DISCUSSION The proposed framework implies the benefits of providing effective care and prevention of the extremely rapidly spreading COVID-19 from affecting patients and the medical sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Albahri
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - Jameel R Al-Obaidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak 35900, Malaysia
| | - A A Zaidan
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia.
| | - A S Albahri
- Informatics Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IIPS), Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI), Baghdad, Iraq
| | - B B Zaidan
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood M Salih
- Department of Computer Science, Computer Science and Mathematics College, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq
| | - Abdulhadi Qays
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - K A Dawood
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - R T Mohammed
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Karrar Hameed Abdulkareem
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia
| | - A M Aleesa
- Faculty of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Batu Pahat, Johor 86400, Malaysia
| | - A H Alamoodi
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - M A Chyad
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - Che Zalina Zulkifli
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
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22
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Lamas NJ, Costa FE, Vizcaíno JR. Liquid-based cytology specimen preparation in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: The experience of a laboratory in a Portuguese central hospital. Cancer Cytopathol 2020; 128:913. [PMID: 32976681 PMCID: PMC7537503 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Jorge Lamas
- Anatomic Pathology Service, Pathology Department, Hospital and University Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Emanuel Costa
- Anatomic Pathology Service, Pathology Department, Hospital and University Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Ramón Vizcaíno
- Anatomic Pathology Service, Pathology Department, Hospital and University Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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23
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Schräder T, Koch J, Ross R, Schäfer W, Keiner B, Roth NJ, Widmer E. Effective coronavirus reduction by various production steps during the manufacture of plasma-derived medicinal products. Transfusion 2020; 60:1334-1335. [PMID: 32542716 PMCID: PMC7323209 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schräder
- Global Pathogen Safety (GPS), CSL Behring, USA.,CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Koch
- Global Pathogen Safety (GPS), CSL Behring, USA.,CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rachael Ross
- Global Pathogen Safety (GPS), CSL Behring, USA.,CSL Behring (Australia) Pty Ltd, Broadmeadows, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wolfram Schäfer
- Global Pathogen Safety (GPS), CSL Behring, USA.,CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Björn Keiner
- Global Pathogen Safety (GPS), CSL Behring, USA.,CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nathan J Roth
- Global Pathogen Safety (GPS), CSL Behring, USA.,CSL Behring AG, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Widmer
- Global Pathogen Safety (GPS), CSL Behring, USA.,CSL Behring AG, Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Roth NJ, Dichtelmüller HO, Fabbrizzi F, Flechsig E, Gröner A, Gustafson M, Jorquera JI, Kreil TR, Misztela D, Moretti E, Moscardini M, Poelsler G, More J, Roberts P, Wieser A, Gajardo R. Nanofiltration as a robust method contributing to viral safety of plasma-derived therapeutics: 20 years' experience of the plasma protein manufacturers. Transfusion 2020; 60:2661-2674. [PMID: 32815181 PMCID: PMC7754444 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Nanofiltration entails the filtering of protein solutions through membranes with pores of nanometric sizes that have the capability to effectively retain a wide range of viruses. Study Design and Methods Data were collected from 754 virus validation studies (individual data points) by Plasma Protein Therapeutics Association member companies and analyzed for the capacity of a range of nanofilters to remove viruses with different physicochemical properties and sizes. Different plasma product intermediates were spiked with viruses and filtered through nanofilters with different pore sizes using either tangential or dead‐end mode under constant pressure or constant flow. Filtration was performed according to validated scaled‐down laboratory conditions reflecting manufacturing processes. Effectiveness of viral removal was assessed using cell culture infectivity assays or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The nanofiltration process demonstrated a high efficacy and robustness for virus removal. The main factors affecting nanofiltration efficacy are nanofilter pore size and virus size. The capacity of nanofilters to remove smaller, nonenveloped viruses was dependent on filter pore size and whether the nanofiltration process was integrated and designed with the intention to provide effective parvovirus retention. Volume filtered, operating pressure, and total protein concentration did not have a significant impact on the effectiveness of virus removal capacity within the investigated ranges. Conclusions The largest and most diverse nanofiltration data collection to date substantiates the effectiveness and robustness of nanofiltration in virus removal under manufacturing conditions of different plasma‐derived proteins. Nanofiltration can enhance product safety by providing very high removal capacity of viruses including small non‐enveloped viruses.
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Wu L, Mantas A, Gustafsson S, Manukyan L, Mihranyan A. Aggregate Removal Nanofiltration of Human Serum Albumin Solution Using Nanocellulose-Based Filter Paper. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070209. [PMID: 32668723 PMCID: PMC7400174 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is dedicated to the rapid removal of protein aggregates and viruses from plasma-derived human serum albumin (HSA) product to reduce the risk of viral contamination and increase biosafety. A two-step filtration approach was implemented to first remove HSA aggregates and then achieve high model virus clearance using a nanocellulose-based filter paper of different thicknesses, i.e., 11 μm (prefilter) and 22 μm (virus filter) at pH 7.4 and room temperature. The pore size distribution of these filters was characterized by nitrogen gas sorption analysis. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) were performed to analyze the presence of HSA aggregates in process intermediates. The virus filter showed high clearance of a small-size model virus, i.e., log10 reduction value (LRV) > 5, when operated at 3 and 5 bar, but a distinct decrease in LRV was detected at 1 bar, i.e., LRV 2.65–3.75. The throughput of HSA was also dependent on applied transmembrane pressure as was seen by Vmax values of 110 ± 2.5 L m−2 and 63.6 ± 5.8 L m−2 at 3 bar and 5 bar, respectively. Protein loss was low, i.e., recovery > 90%. A distribution of pore sizes between 40 nm and 60 nm, which was present in the prefilter and absent in the virus filter, played a crucial part in removing the HSA aggregates and minimizing the risk of virus filter fouling. The presented results enable the application of virus removal nanofiltration of HSA in bioprocessing as an alternative to virus inactivation methods based, e.g., on heat treatment.
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Leisi R, Bieri J, Roth NJ, Ros C. Determination of parvovirus retention profiles in virus filter membranes using laser scanning microscopy. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Pförringer D, Braun KF, Mühlhofer H, Schneider J, Stemberger A, Seifried E, Pohlscheidt E, Seidel M, Edenharter G, Duscher D, Burgkart R, Obermeier A. Novel method for reduction of virus load in blood plasma by sonication. Eur J Med Res 2020; 25:12. [PMID: 32264953 PMCID: PMC7137245 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-020-00410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of the present study is the evaluation of ultrasound as a physical method for virus inactivation in human plasma products prior to transfusion. Our study is focused on achieving a high level of virus inactivation simultaneously leaving blood products unaltered, measured by the level of degradation of coagulation factors, especially in third world countries where virus contamination of blood products poses a major problem. Virus inactivation plays an important role, especially in the light of newly discovered or unknown viruses, which cannot be safely excluded via prior testing. METHODS Taking into account the necessary protection of the relevant coagulation activity for plasma, the basis for a sterile virus inactivation under shielding gas insufflation was developed for future practical use. Influence of frequency and power density in the range of soft and hard cavitation on the inactivation of transfusion-relevant model viruses for Hepatitis-(BVDV = bovine diarrhea virus), for Herpes-(SFV = Semliki Forest virus, PRV = pseudorabies virus) and Parvovirus B19 (PPV = porcine parvovirus) were examined. Coagulation activity was examined via standard time parameters to minimize reduction of functionality of coagulation proteins. A fragmentation of coagulation proteins via ultrasound was ruled out via gel electrophoresis. The resulting virus titer was examined using end point titration. RESULTS Through CO2 shielding gas insufflation-to avoid radical emergence effects-the coagulation activity was less affected and the time window for virus inactivation substantially widened. In case of the non-lipidated model virus (AdV-luc = luciferase expressing adenoviral vector), the complete destruction of the virus capsid through hard cavitation was proven via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This can be traced back to microjets and shockwaves occurring in hard cavitation. The degree of inactivation seems to depend on size and compactness of the type of viruses. Using our pre-tested and subsequently chosen process parameters with the exception of the small PPV, all model viruses were successfully inactivated and reduced by up to log 3 factor. For a broad clinical usage, protection of the coagulation activities may require further optimization. CONCLUSIONS Building upon the information gained, an optimum inactivation can be reached via raising of power density up to 1200 W and simultaneous lowering of frequency down to 27 kHz. In addition, the combination of the two physical methods UV treatment and ultrasound may yield optimum results without the need of substance removal after the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pförringer
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - K F Braun
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Charite, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Unfallchirurgie, Zentrum für Muskuloskeletale Chirurgie, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Mühlhofer
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - J Schneider
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - A Stemberger
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - E Seifried
- DRK-Blutspendedienst, Institut für Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhämatologie, Sandhofstrasse 1, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - E Pohlscheidt
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - M Seidel
- Institut für Wasserchemie & Chemische Balneologie, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie und Wasserchemie, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - G Edenharter
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik für Anästhesie, Munich, Germany
| | - D Duscher
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik für Plastische Chirurgie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - R Burgkart
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - A Obermeier
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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Wang Y, Ren K, Liao X, Luo G, Kumthip K, Leetrakool N, Li S, Chen L, Yang C, Chen Y. Inactivation of Zika virus in plasma and derivatives by four different methods. J Med Virol 2019; 91:2059-2065. [PMID: 31389019 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus with increasing prevalence in recent years. To reduce the risk of ZIKV transmission by transfusion, some mitigation strategies were recommended based on pathogen reduction technologies for blood products. In this study, we aimed to study the efficacy of several common pathogen reduction methods in the inactivation of ZIKV. The fresh frozen plasma and derivatives were spiked with a high titer of ZIKV or Sindbis virus (SINV). Viral titers and ZIKV RNA were measured before and after the inactivation treatment by methylene blue (MB), solvent/detergent (S/D), pasteurization, and low pH. The mean ZIKV infectivity titers in plasma and derivatives were 7.08 ± 0.14, 5.17 ± 0.14, 7.08 ± 0.14, and 5.80 ± 0.14 log10 TCID50 /mL, respectively before MB, S/D, pasteurization, and low pH inactivation. We found no detectable ZIKV RNA after five successive passages of inoculation on host cells, indicating there is no infectivity after inactivation. Similar inactivation results were observed for SINV. In conclusion, we achieved robust ZIKV inactivation through the four inactivation procedures in several blood products. These findings suggest that the pathogen reduction technologies commonly applied in plasma and derivatives have the capacity to mitigate the risk of ZIKV transmission by transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancui Wang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Ren
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinzhong Liao
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanwen Luo
- Guangdong Shuanglin Bio-Pharmacy Co, Ltd, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kattareeya Kumthip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipapan Leetrakool
- Blood Bank Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Shilin Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.,Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chunhui Yang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Choice of parvovirus model for validation studies influences the interpretation of the effectiveness of a virus filtration step. Biologicals 2019; 60:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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