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Spiliopoulos O, Solomos Z, Puchner KP. Buruli ulcer, tuberculosis and leprosy: Exploring the One Health dimensions of three most prevalent mycobacterial diseases: A narrative review. Trop Med Int Health 2024; 29:657-667. [PMID: 38994702 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
ΟBJECTIVES: Although Buruli ulcer, tuberculosis, and leprosy are the three most common mycobacterial diseases, One Health dimensions of these infections remain poorly understood. This narrative review aims at exploring the scientific literature with respect to the presence of animal reservoir(s) and other environmental sources for the pathogens of these infections, their role in transmission to humans and the research on/practical implementation of One Health relevant control efforts. METHODS The literature review was conducted using the online databases PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar, reviewing articles that were written in English in the last 15 years. Grey literature, published by intergovernmental agencies, was also reviewed. RESULTS For the pathogen of Buruli ulcer, evidence suggests possums as a possible animal reservoir and thus having an active role in disease transmission to humans. Cattle and some wildlife species are deemed as established animal reservoirs for tuberculosis pathogens, with a non-negligible proportion of infections in humans being of zoonotic origin. Armadillos constitute an established animal reservoir for leprosy pathogens with the transmission of the disease from armadillos to humans being deemed possible. Lentic environments, soil and other aquatic sources may represent further abiotic reservoirs for viable Buruli ulcer and leprosy pathogens infecting humans. Ongoing investigation and implementation of public health measures, targeting (sapro)zoonotic transmission can be found in all three diseases. CONCLUSION Buruli ulcer, tuberculosis and leprosy exhibit important yet still poorly understood One Health aspects. Despite the microbiological affinity of the respective causative mycobacteria, considerable differences in their animal reservoirs, potential environmental sources and modes of zoonotic transmission are being observed. Whether these differences reflect actual variations between these diseases or rather knowledge gaps remains unclear. For improved disease control, further investigation of zoonotic aspects of all three diseases and formulation of One Health relevant interventions is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Spiliopoulos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zisimangelos Solomos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Karl Philipp Puchner
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Medicine and Health Services Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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2
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de Souza Valois EM, de Oliveira NG, de Lázari PR, da Silva DJF, Rotelli RC, Batista LCF, Sobral MH, Bortolomai BE, Finardi AJ, Levi T, Peres CA, de Morais Bronzoni RV, Baptista IMFD. Molecular and spatial evaluation of small rodents and Didelphimorphis infected with Mycobacterium leprae in the southern Amazon, Brazil. Zoonoses Public Health 2024. [PMID: 38849303 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high levels of recent transmission of leprosy worldwide demonstrate the necessity of epidemiologic surveillance to understand and control its dissemination. Brazil remains the second in number of cases around the world, indicating active transmission of Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) in the population. At this moment, there is a consensus that the bacillus is transmitted by inter-human contact, however, different serologic, molecular, and histopathological approaches indicate the existence of non-human transmission sources. METHODS AND RESULTS The qPCR assay was used to amplify the molecular targets 16S RNAr and RLEP, in samples of liver, spleen, and ear of wild animals belonging to Didelphimorphia and Rodentia orders, in highly endemic areas of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The RLEP repetitive sequence was positive in 202 (89.0%) samples, with 96 (42.3%) of these also being positive for the 16S gene. Regarding the collection sites, it was observed that the animals were found in areas profoundly deforested, close to urban areas. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that wild animals can play an important role in the maintenance of M. leprae in endemic regions with major anthropic action in Brazil. Therefore, integrating human, animal, and environmental health care with the One Health initiative is highly efficient for the development of effective strategies to contain and control leprosy in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick Ricardo de Lázari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Mammalogy, State University of Mato Grosso, Caceres, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taal Levi
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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3
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Toribio JAL, Lomata K, Fullman S, Jenkins A, Borja E, Arif S, McKercher J, Blake D, Garcia A, Whittington RJ, Underwood F, Marais BJ. Assessing risks for bovine and zoonotic tuberculosis through spatial analysis and a questionnaire survey in Fiji - A pilot study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22776. [PMID: 38125425 PMCID: PMC10730600 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis causes tuberculosis in cattle and when transmitted to humans typically causes extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has a global distribution and is controlled in most countries to protect animal and public health. Recent studies revealed that bTB is established on dairy farms in Fiji where EPTB cases have been reported in people. The aims of this pilot investigation were to look for putative zoonotic TB (EPTB) cases in people and to evaluate practices that might contribute to the persistence and transmission of M. bovis between cattle and to humans. Existing data sets were shared between the Fiji Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Health and a questionnaire-based survey was implemented using One Health principles. Statistically significant co-location and close proximity of EPTB cases and bovine TB affected farms were identified. The bTB infection status of farms was significantly associated with unfenced water sources where cattle grazed. Of 247 households, 65 % shared drinking water sources with cattle and 36 % consumed raw milk without boiling, while 62 % of participants reported backyard slaughter of cattle. Several participants reported current symptoms potentially suggestive of TB (chronic cough) but the impact of smoking and history of previous TB treatment could not be evaluated. Farmers had limited understanding of the practices required to prevent bTB at farm level. Further study is recommended and should include an assessment of lifetime EPTB diagnoses, classification of farms based on more recent bTB test data and molecular typing of mycobacterial isolates from humans, cattle and the environment. A targeted awareness and education approach is required to reduce the future risk of zoonotic TB and to help ensure uptake of recommendations and practices aimed at controlling and preventing bTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny-Ann L.M.L. Toribio
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Keresi Lomata
- Ministry of Agriculture, Koronivia Research Station, Koronivia, Republic of Fiji
| | - Sam Fullman
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Dinem House, 88 Amy Street, Suva, Republic of Fiji
| | - Aaron Jenkins
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Edith Cowan University, Centre for People, Place and Planet, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Elva Borja
- Ministry of Agriculture, Koronivia Research Station, Koronivia, Republic of Fiji
| | - Shumaila Arif
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jarrad McKercher
- Edith Cowan University, Centre for People, Place and Planet, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - David Blake
- Edith Cowan University, Centre for People, Place and Planet, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Anabel Garcia
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard J. Whittington
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank Underwood
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Dinem House, 88 Amy Street, Suva, Republic of Fiji
| | - Ben J. Marais
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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4
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Inohana M, Komine T, Tanaka Y, Kurata O, Wada S. Genital mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium marinum detected in two captive sharks by peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:47-59. [PMID: 36130072 PMCID: PMC10087912 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium marinum is a prevalent nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM)-infecting teleosts. Conversely, little is known about mycobacteriosis in elasmobranchs, and M. marinum infection has never been reported from the subclass. This study investigated the histopathological characteristics and localization of this mycobacterium through molecular analysis of two captive sharks, a scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini and a Japanese bullhead shark Heterodontus japonicus, exhibited in the same aquarium tank. We detected genital mycobacteriosis caused by M. marinum infection using molecular analyses, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing targeting the 60 kDa heat-shock protein gene (hsp65), and peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Both sharks showed granulomas in connective tissues of the gonads without central necrosis or surrounding fibrous capsules, which is unlike the typical mycobacterial granulomas seen in teleosts. This study reveals that elasmobranchs can be aquatic hosts of M. marinum. Because M. marinum is a representative waterborne NTM and a potential zoonotic agent, cautious and intensive research is needed to overcome a lack of data on the relationship between NTM and the aquatic environment in association with this subclass of Chondrichthyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Inohana
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medical ScienceNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityMusashinoJapan
| | - Takeshi Komine
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medical ScienceNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityMusashinoJapan
| | | | - Osamu Kurata
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medical ScienceNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityMusashinoJapan
| | - Shinpei Wada
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medical ScienceNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityMusashinoJapan
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5
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Williams PC, Bartlett AW, Howard-Jones A, McMullan B, Khatami A, Britton PN, Marais BJ. Impact of climate change and biodiversity collapse on the global emergence and spread of infectious diseases. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:1811-1818. [PMID: 34792238 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The reality of climate change and biodiversity collapse is irrefutable in the 21st century, with urgent action required not only to conserve threatened species but also to protect human life and wellbeing. This existential threat forces us to recognise that our existence is completely dependent upon well-functioning ecosystems that sustain the diversity of life on our planet, including that required for human health. By synthesising data on the ecology, epidemiology and evolutionary biology of various pathogens, we are gaining a better understanding of factors that underlie disease emergence and spread. However, our knowledge remains rudimentary with limited insight into the complex feedback loops that underlie ecological stability, which are at risk of rapidly unravelling once certain tipping points are breached. In this paper, we consider the impact of climate change and biodiversity collapse on the ever-present risk of infectious disease emergence and spread. We review historical and contemporaneous infectious diseases that have been influenced by human environmental manipulation, including zoonoses and vector- and water-borne diseases, alongside an evaluation of the impact of migration, urbanisation and human density on transmissible diseases. The current lack of urgency in political commitment to address climate change warrants enhanced understanding and action from paediatricians - to ensure that we safeguard the health and wellbeing of children in our care today, as well as those of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Cm Williams
- The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam W Bartlett
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annaleise Howard-Jones
- The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brendan McMullan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ameneh Khatami
- The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip N Britton
- The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ben J Marais
- The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Macedo Couto R, Ranzani OT, Waldman EA. Zoonotic Tuberculosis in Humans: Control, Surveillance, and the One Health Approach. Epidemiol Rev 2020; 41:130-144. [PMID: 32294188 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic tuberculosis is a reemerging infectious disease in high-income countries and a neglected one in low- and middle-income countries. Despite major advances in its control as a result of milk pasteurization, its global burden is unknown, especially due the lack of surveillance data. Additionally, very little is known about control strategies. The purpose of this review was to contextualize the current knowledge about the epidemiology of zoonotic tuberculosis and to describe the available evidence regarding surveillance and control strategies in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. We conducted this review enriched by a One Health perspective, encompassing its inherent multifaceted characteristics. We found that the burden of zoonotic tuberculosis is likely to be underreported worldwide, with higher incidence in low-income countries, where the surveillance systems are even more fragile. Together with the lack of specific political commitment, surveillance data is affected by lack of a case definition and limitations of diagnostic methods. Control measures were dependent on risk factors and varied greatly between countries. This review supports the claim that a One Health approach is the most valuable concept to build capable surveillance systems, resulting in effective control measures. The disease characteristics and suggestions to implement surveillance and control programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Macedo Couto
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otavio T Ranzani
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Alves Waldman
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Paratuberculosis and bovine tuberculosis are two mycobacterial diseases of ruminants which have a considerable impact on livestock health, welfare, and production. These are chronic "iceberg" diseases which take years to manifest and in which many subclinical cases remain undetected. Suggested biomarkers to detect infected or diseased animals are numerous and include cytokines, peptides, and expression of specific genes; however, these do not provide a strong correlation to disease. Despite these advances, disease detection still relies heavily on dated methods such as detection of pathogen shedding, skin tests, or serology. Here we review the evidence for suitable biomarkers and their mechanisms of action, with a focus on identifying animals that are resilient to disease. A better understanding of these factors will help establish new strategies to control the spread of these diseases.
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8
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Volpe E, Mandrioli L, Errani F, Serratore P, Zavatta E, Rigillo A, Ciulli S. Evidence of fish and human pathogens associated with doctor fish (Garra rufa, Heckel, 1843) used for cosmetic treatment. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:1637-1644. [PMID: 31578759 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Doctor fish (Garra rufa, Heckel, 1843) are increasingly used for cosmetic treatment raising particular concerns regarding the potential transmission of infections to clients. Investigations of microbial causes undertaken in two outbreaks of mortality among G. rufa used for cosmetic treatment revealed the presence of multiple bacteria, including both fish and human pathogens such as Aeromonas veronii, A. hydrophila, Vibrio cholerae, Shewanella putrefaciens, Mycobacterium marinum and M. goodii. This range of bacteria indicates an intense microbial proliferation involving multiple pathogens, most likely induced by the poor health condition of the fish. Most of the detected pathogens are well-known agents of zoonosis. Indeed, M. goodii is an emerging nosocomial human pathogen that has never been detected in fish to date, nor in other animals. This first detection of M. goodii associated with fish infection points out a new zoonotic potential for this pathogen. These findings point out that handling, poor environmental conditions and the presence of fish pathogens, that can compromise the immune system of fish, can result in a mixed microbial proliferation and increase the spread of waterborne bacteria, including zoonosis agents. Accordingly, the microbiological surveillance of fish used for cosmetic treatment is extremely important, particularly in association with mortality outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Volpe
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesenatico, Italy
| | - Luciana Mandrioli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Serratore
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesenatico, Italy
| | - Emanuele Zavatta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesenatico, Italy
| | - Antonella Rigillo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Sara Ciulli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesenatico, Italy
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9
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Katale BZ, Mbugi EV, Keyyu JD, Fyumagwa RD, Rweyemamu MM, van Helden PD, Dockrell HM, Matee MI. One Health approach in the prevention and control of mycobacterial infections in Tanzania: lessons learnt and future perspectives. ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK 2019; 1:2. [PMID: 33829123 PMCID: PMC7990093 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-019-0002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One Health (OH) is an integrated approach, formed inclusive of using multiple disciplines to attain optimal health for humans, animals, and the environment. The increasing proximity between humans, livestock, and wildlife, and its role in the transmission dynamics of mycobacterial infections, necessitates an OH approach in the surveillance of zoonotic diseases. The challenge remains as humans, livestock, and wildlife share resources and interact at various interfaces. Therefore, this review explores the potential of the OH approach to understand the impact of mycobacterial infections in Tanzania in terms of lessons learnt and future perspectives. MATERIALS AND METHODS Available literature on OH and mycobacterial infections in Tanzania was searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Articles on mycobacterial infections in Tanzania, published between 1997 to 2017, were retrieved to explore the information on OH and mycobacterial infections. MAIN BODY The studies conducted in Tanzania had have reported a wide diversity of mycobacterial species in humans and animals, which necessitates an OH approach in surveillance of diseases for better control of infectious agents and to safeguard the health of humans and animals. The close proximity between humans and animals increases the chances of inter-specific transmission of infectious pathogens, including drug-resistant mycobacteria. In an era where HIV co-infection is also the case, opportunistic infection by environmental non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), commonly known as mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT) may further exacerbate the impact of drug resistance. NTM from various sources have greatest potential for diverse strains among which are resistant strains due to continued evolutional changes. CONCLUSION A collaborative interdisciplinary approach among professionals could help in solving the threats posed by mycobacterial infections to public health, particularly by the spread of drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bugwesa Z. Katale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), Arusha, Tanzania
- Southern African Centre for Infectious Diseases Surveillance (SACIDS), Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Erasto V. Mbugi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Julius D. Keyyu
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), Arusha, Tanzania
| | | | - Mark M. Rweyemamu
- Southern African Centre for Infectious Diseases Surveillance (SACIDS), Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Paul D. van Helden
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/ South African Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hazel M. Dockrell
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
| | - Mecky I. Matee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Southern African Centre for Infectious Diseases Surveillance (SACIDS), Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
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da Silva Ferreira J, de Carvalho FM, Vidal Pessolani MC, de Paula Antunes JMA, de Medeiros Oliveira IVP, Ferreira Moura GH, Truman RW, Peña MT, Sharma R, Duthie MS, de Paula Souza E Guimarães RJ, Nogueira Brum Fontes A, NoelSuffys P, McIntosh D. Serological and molecular detection of infection with Mycobacterium leprae in Brazilian six banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 68:101397. [PMID: 31775113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy was recognized as a zoonotic disease, associated with nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in the Southern United States of America in 2011. In addition, there is growing evidence to support a role for armadillos in zoonotic leprosy in South America. The current study evaluated twenty specimens of the six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus), collected from rural locations in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil for evidence of infection with Mycobacterium leprae. Serum was examined using two "in-house" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and via two commercially available (ML flow and NDO-LID®) immunochromatographic lateral flow (LF) tests, for detection of the PGL-I and/or LID-1 antigens of the bacterium. The presence of M. leprae DNA in liver tissue was examined using the multi-copy, M. leprae-specific repetitive element (RLEP), as target in conventional and nested PCR assays. Molecular and anti-PGL-I-ELISA data indicated that 20/20 (100 %) of the armadillos were infected with M. leprae. The corresponding detection levels recorded with the LF tests were 17/20 (85 %) and 16/20 (85 %), for the NDO-LID® and ML flow tests, respectively. Our results indicate that, in common with D. novemcinctus, six banded armadillos (a species hunted and reared as a food-source in some regions of Brazil, including RN), represent a potential reservoir of M. leprae and as such, their role in a possible zoonotic cycle of leprosy within Brazil warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica da Silva Ferreira
- Multiuser Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard Wayne Truman
- Department of Health and Humans Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, United States
| | - Maria Teresa Peña
- Department of Health and Humans Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, United States
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Health and Humans Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, United States
| | | | | | - Amanda Nogueira Brum Fontes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology Applied to Mycobacteria, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Philip NoelSuffys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology Applied to Mycobacteria, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas McIntosh
- Multiuser Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil.
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11
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Richardson H, Rhodes G, Henrys P, Sedda L, Weightman AJ, Pickup RW. Presence of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Monitored Over Varying Temporal and Spatial Scales in River Catchments: Persistent Routes for Human Exposure. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7050136. [PMID: 31096696 PMCID: PMC6560452 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) was monitored by quantitative PCR over a range of temporal and spatial scales in the River Tywi catchment. This study shows the persistence of Map over a 10-year period with little change, which correlates with the recognised levels of Johne’s disease in British herds over that period (aim 1). Map was quantified within the river at up to 108 cell equivalents L−1 and was shown to be consistently present when monitored over finer timescales (aim 4). Small wastewater treatment plants where the ingress of human-associated Map might be expected had no significant effect (aim 2). Map was found for the first time to be located in natural river foams providing another route for spread via aerosols (aim 5). This study provides evidence for the environmental continuum of Map from the grazing infected animal via rain driven runoff through field drains and streams into main rivers; with detection at a high frequency throughout the year. Should Map need to be monitored in the future, we recommend that weekly or monthly sampling from a fixed location on a river will capture an adequate representation of the flow dynamics of Map in a catchment (aim 3). The human exposure to Map during this process and its impact on human health remains unquantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollian Richardson
- Biomedical and Life Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Mailbox 12, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Glenn Rhodes
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK.
| | - Peter Henrys
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK.
| | - Luigi Sedda
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing and Statistics (CHICAS), Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Andrew J Weightman
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales.
| | - Roger W Pickup
- Biomedical and Life Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
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12
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Thirunavukkarasu S, Khader SA. Advances in Cardiovascular Disease Lipid Research Can Provide Novel Insights Into Mycobacterial Pathogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:116. [PMID: 31058102 PMCID: PMC6482252 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in industrialized nations and an emerging health problem in the developing world. Systemic inflammatory processes associated with alterations in lipid metabolism are a major contributing factor that mediates the development of CVDs, especially atherosclerosis. Therefore, the pathways promoting alterations in lipid metabolism and the interplay between varying cellular types, signaling agents, and effector molecules have been well-studied. Mycobacterial species are the causative agents of various infectious diseases in both humans and animals. Modulation of host lipid metabolism by mycobacteria plays a prominent role in its survival strategy within the host as well as in disease pathogenesis. However, there are still several knowledge gaps in the mechanistic understanding of how mycobacteria can alter host lipid metabolism. Considering the in-depth research available in the area of cardiovascular research, this review presents an overview of the parallel areas of research in host lipid-mediated immunological changes that might be extrapolated and explored to understand the underlying basis of mycobacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamala Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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13
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Marais BJ, Buddle BM, de Klerk-Lorist LM, Nguipdop-Djomo P, Quinn F, Greenblatt C. BCG vaccination for bovine tuberculosis; conclusions from the Jerusalem One Health workshop. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:1037-1043. [PMID: 30520563 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) remains poorly characterized, with spill-over impacts on multiple species. The "One Health" concept is especially relevant given the bidirectional risk of cattle infecting humans with Mycobacterium bovis and humans infecting cattle with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. "Test and cull" is the traditional bTB control method, but the strategy may not be economically feasible or culturally acceptable where cattle are highly prized or their killing is a religious taboo; it is also less effective when there are wildlife reservoirs of infection. Vaccination with M. bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) provides protection against bTB, but its use in animals has been limited. The Jerusalem One Health workshop considered key bTB knowledge gaps and innovative solutions. Knowledge gaps identified included (a) the poorly quantified prevalence of M. bovis infection and disease in cattle, domestic camelids and human populations in developing countries, (b) the absence of alternatives to a "test and cull" strategy in settings where the killing of infected animals is culturally or economically unacceptable, or where affected species are protected and (c) an understanding of the induction of mucosal immunity against bTB. We summarize discussions on the use of BCG vaccination in domestic animals and wildlife and list potential projects to address the knowledge gaps identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Marais
- The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bryce M Buddle
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Patrick Nguipdop-Djomo
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Frederick Quinn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Charles Greenblatt
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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López V, Risalde MA, Contreras M, Mateos-Hernández L, Vicente J, Gortázar C, de la Fuente J. Heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis protects zebrafish against mycobacteriosis. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1515-1528. [PMID: 29956837 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Control of mycobacterial infection constitutes a priority for human and animal health worldwide. However, effective vaccines are needed for the control of human and animal tuberculosis (TB). Adult zebrafish have become a useful model for studying the pathophysiology of mycobacterial infection and for the development of novel interventions for TB control and prevention. Recently, parenteral and oral immunization with the heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine (M. bovis IV) protected wild boar against TB. The objectives of this study were to provide additional support for the role of M. bovis IV in TB control using the zebrafish model and to conduct the first trial with this vaccine for the control of fish mycobacteriosis. The results showed that M. bovis IV protected zebrafish against mycobacteriosis caused by low and high infection doses of Mycobacterium marinum and provided evidence suggesting that the protective mechanism elicited by M. bovis IV in zebrafish as in other species is based on the activation of the innate immune response through the C3 pathway, with a role for the regulatory protein Akr2 in this process. These results encourage the use of M. bovis IV for TB control in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir López
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Angeles Risalde
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marinela Contreras
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mateos-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Joaquin Vicente
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
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15
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Control of mycobacteriosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) mucosally vaccinated with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis. Vaccine 2018; 36:4447-4453. [PMID: 29935860 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterial infections greatly affect human and animal health worldwide, and vaccines are effective, sustainable and economic interventions for the prevention and control of these infectious diseases. Recent results support the use of zebrafish as a model for studying the pathophysiology of mycobacterial infection and for the development of novel interventions for tuberculosis (TB) control. Recently, we showed that oral immunization with the heat-inactivated M. bovis vaccine (M. bovis IV) protect wild boar against TB, and suggested that this vaccine may controls mycobacterial infection in other species. METHODS In this study we evaluated the effect of M. bovis IV on the control of mycobacteriosis in zebrafish mucosally vaccinated by immersion and challenged intraperitoneally with Mycobacterium marinum. RESULTS The results showed that the M. bovis IV administered by immersion protected zebrafish against mycobacteriosis caused by M. marinum by reduction in mycobacterial infection, the number of mycobacteria per granuloma and the number of granulomas per fish. An IgM antibody response against M. bovis antigens was developed in vaccinated fish. Evidences suggested that the protective mechanism elicited by mucosal vaccination with M. bovis IV in zebrafish was based on the activation of the innate immune response through the C3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results support the use of the M. bovis IV administered by immersion for the control of mycobacteriosis in fish.
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Pekkarinen H, Airas N, Savolainen LE, Rantala M, Kilpinen S, Miuku O, Speeti M, Karkamo V, Malkamäki S, Vaara M, Sukura A, Syrjä P. Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria can Cause Disseminated Mycobacteriosis in Cats. J Comp Pathol 2018; 160:1-9. [PMID: 29729715 PMCID: PMC7094269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a rising concern in human medicine both in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. In cats, mycobacteriosis caused by NTM is considered mostly to be a focal or dermal infection, with disseminated disease mostly caused by Mycobacterium avium. We describe three cases of disseminated mycobacteriosis in cats, caused by Mycobacterium malmoense, Mycobacterium branderi/shimoidei and M. avium, with no identified underlying immunosuppression. In all cases, extracellular mycobacteria were seen in the pulmonary epithelium, intestinal lumen and glomerular tufts, which could affect the shedding of the organism. The present study highlights the importance of mycobacteriosis as a differential even in immunocompetent animals. Considering the close relationship of owners and pets and the potential presence of free mycobacteria in secretions, cats should be considered as a possible environmental reservoir for mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pekkarinen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 66, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - N Airas
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 66, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - L E Savolainen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Finland
| | - M Rantala
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 57, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Kilpinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 57, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Miuku
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 57, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Speeti
- Herttoniemi Veterinary Clinic, Hiihtomäentie 35, Finland
| | - V Karkamo
- Pathology Research Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Mustialankatu 3, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Malkamäki
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 66, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Vaara
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Finland
| | - A Sukura
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 66, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Syrjä
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 66, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Leprosy - we've much left to learn, but are looking to squirrels, cows and cats for insights. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19:977-978. [PMID: 28838296 PMCID: PMC11128896 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17723248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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