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Chan WWY, Fu SN, Chong TF, Singh G, Tsai DSJ, Wong MCY, Zheng YP, Parent EC, Cheung JPY, Wong AYL. Associations between paraspinal muscle characteristics and spinal curvature in conservatively treated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review. Spine J 2024; 24:692-720. [PMID: 38008187 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) may show asymmetrical paraspinal muscle characteristics. PURPOSE To summarize the evidence regarding: (1) the associations between various paraspinal muscle characteristics and spinal curvature; (2) whether paraspinal muscle properties significantly differed between children with and without AIS; and (3) whether baseline paraspinal muscle characteristics predicted curve progression. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Systematic literature review. METHODS Five databases (CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, MEDLINE, Scopus, and PubMed) were searched from inception to May 2022. This protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database of systematic reviews CRD 42020171263. The Critical appraisal skills program, the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies and Quality In Prognosis Studies tool were used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. The strength of evidence of each identified association was determined by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation System (GRADE). RESULTS Of 1,530 identified citations, four cohort, 17 cross-sectional, and 23 case-control studies including 31 with low, nine with moderate and four with high risk of bias were included. Low to very low-strength evidence supported that the convex side of the curve had more type I muscle fibers, higher muscle volume and paraspinal muscle activity, while the concavity had more intramuscular fatty infiltration. Very low-strength evidence substantiated greater side-to-side surface electromyography signals during left trunk bending in prone lying, standing, and standing with perturbation between people with and without AIS. Also, low to very low-strength evidence supported that a larger side-to-side surface electromyography ratio at the lower end vertebra predicted curve progression. CONCLUSIONS Our review highlights that paraspinal muscles on the concavity of the curve demonstrate consistent changes (ie, altered muscle-related gene expression, muscle atrophy, increased fatty infiltration, reduced type I fibers, and reduced muscle activity), which may be the cause or consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie W Y Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Ngor Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz-Fung Chong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gurjiven Singh
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Desmond S J Tsai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mathew C Y Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yong-Ping Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric C Parent
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Corbett Hall, 8205 114 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G4, Canada
| | - Jason P Y Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Arnold Y L Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Owen MK, Casadonte KR, Thomas NT, Latham CM, Brightwell CR, Thompson KL, Hawk GS, Jacobs CA, Johnson DL, Fry CS, Noehren B. Sex Differences in Quadriceps Atrophy After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear. Sports Health 2024:19417381241230612. [PMID: 38436049 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241230612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female athletes lag behind their male counterparts in recovery from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Quadriceps muscle size and strength are crucial factors for regaining function after ACL injury, but little is known about how these metrics vary due to biological sex. HYPOTHESIS Female patients have reduced vastus lateralis fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and lower quadriceps strength after ACL injury than male patients. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. METHODS A total of 60 participants with recent ACL tear were evaluated for vastus lateralis muscle fiber CSA, isometric quadriceps peak torque, and quadriceps rate of torque development. Linear mixed models were fit to determine differences across sex and limb for each variable of interest. RESULTS The female group averaged almost 20% atrophy between limbs (P < 0.01), while the male group averaged just under 4% (P = 0.05). Strength deficits between limbs were comparable between female and male groups. CONCLUSION Immediately after ACL injury, female patients have greater between-limb differences in muscle fiber CSA but between-limb strength deficits comparable with those of male patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results indicate that the underpinnings of strength loss differ based on biological sex, and thus individual patients could benefit from a sex-specific treatment approach to ACL injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith K Owen
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kelsey R Casadonte
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Nicholas T Thomas
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Christine M Latham
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Camille R Brightwell
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Katherine L Thompson
- Dr. Bing Zhang Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Gregory S Hawk
- Dr. Bing Zhang Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Cale A Jacobs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Darren L Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Brian Noehren
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Torres R, Maita K, Garcia J, Serrano L, Ho O, Forte AJ. Modulation of Burn Hypermetabolism in Preclinical Models. Cureus 2023; 15:e33518. [PMID: 36779088 PMCID: PMC9904913 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe burns elicit a state of physiological stress and increased metabolism to help the body compensate for the changes associated with the traumatic injury. However, this hypermetabolic state is associated with increased insulin resistance, cardiovascular dysfunction, skeletal muscle catabolism, impaired wound healing, and delayed recovery. Several interventions were attempted to modulate burn hypermetabolism, including nutritional support, early excision and grafting, and growth hormone application. However, burn hypermetabolism still imposes significant morbidity and mortality in burn patients. Due to the limitations of in vitro models, animal models are indispensable in burn research. Animal models provide researchers with invaluable tools to test the safety and efficacy of novel treatments or advance our knowledge of previously utilized agents. Several animal studies evaluated novel therapies to modulate burn hypermetabolism in the last few years, including recombinant human growth hormone, erythropoietin, acipimox, apelin, anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody, and ghrelin therapies. Results from these studies are promising and may be effectively translated into human studies. In addition, other studies revisited drugs previously used in clinical practice, such as insulin and metformin, to further investigate their underlying mechanisms as modulators of burn hypermetabolism. This review aims to update burn experts with the novel therapies under investigation in burn hypermetabolism with a focus on applicability and translation. Furthermore, we aim to guide researchers in selecting the correct animal model for their experiments by providing a summary of the methodology and the rationale of the latest studies.
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Mechanisms of Estrogen Influence on Skeletal Muscle: Mass, Regeneration, and Mitochondrial Function. Sports Med 2022; 52:2853-2869. [PMID: 35907119 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Human menopause is widely associated with impaired skeletal muscle quality and significant metabolic dysfunction. These observations pose significant challenges to the quality of life and mobility of the aging population, and are of relevance when considering the significantly greater losses in muscle mass and force-generating capacity of muscle from post-menopausal females relative to age-matched males. In this regard, the influence of estrogen on skeletal muscle has become evident across human, animal, and cell-based studies. Beneficial effects of estrogen have become apparent in mitigation of muscle injury and enhanced post-damage repair via various mechanisms, including prophylactic effects on muscle satellite cell number and function, as well as membrane stability and potential antioxidant influences following injury, exercise, and/or mitochondrial stress. In addition to estrogen replacement in otherwise deficient states, exercise has been found to serve as a means of augmenting and/or mimicking the effects of estrogen on skeletal muscle function in recent literature. Detailed mechanisms behind the estrogenic effect on muscle mass, strength, as well as the injury response are beginning to be elucidated and point to estrogen-mediated molecular cross talk amongst signalling pathways, such as apoptotic signaling, contractile protein modifications, including myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation, and the maintenance of muscle satellite cells. This review discusses current understandings and highlights new insights regarding the role of estrogen in skeletal muscle, with particular regard to muscle mass, mitochondrial function, the response to muscle damage, and the potential implications for human physiology and mobility.
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Babaeijandaghi F, Cheng R, Kajabadi N, Soliman H, Chang CK, Smandych J, Tung LW, Long R, Ghassemi A, Rossi FMV. Metabolic reprogramming of skeletal muscle by resident macrophages points to CSF1R inhibitors as muscular dystrophy therapeutics. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabg7504. [PMID: 35767650 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg7504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of tissue-resident macrophages during tissue regeneration or fibrosis is not well understood, mainly due to the lack of a specific marker for their identification. Here, we identified three populations of skeletal muscle-resident myelomonocytic cells: a population of macrophages positive for lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1 (LYVE1) and T cell membrane protein 4 (TIM4 or TIMD4), a population of LYVE1-TIM4- macrophages, and a population of cells likely representing dendritic cells that were positive for CD11C and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII). Using a combination of parabiosis and lineage-tracing experiments, we found that, at steady state, TIM4- macrophages were replenished from the blood, whereas TIM4+ macrophages locally self-renewed [self-renewing resident macrophages (SRRMs)]. We further showed that Timd4 could be reliably used to distinguish SRRMs from damage-induced infiltrating macrophages. Using a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibition/withdrawal approach to specifically deplete SRRMs, we found that SRRMs provided a nonredundant function in clearing damage-induced apoptotic cells early after extensive acute injury. In contrast, in chronic mild injury as seen in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, depletion of both TIM4-- and TIM4+-resident macrophage populations through long-term CSF1R inhibition changed muscle fiber composition from damage-sensitive glycolytic fibers toward damage-resistant glycolytic-oxidative fibers, thereby protecting muscle against contraction-induced injury both ex vivo and in vivo. This work reveals a previously unidentified role for resident macrophages in modulating tissue metabolism and may have therapeutic potential given the ongoing clinical testing of CSF1R inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Babaeijandaghi
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ryan Cheng
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nasim Kajabadi
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hesham Soliman
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.,Aspect Biosystems, 1781 W 75th Ave, Vancouver, BC V6P 6P2, Canada
| | - Chih-Kai Chang
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Josh Smandych
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lin Wei Tung
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Reece Long
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Amirhossein Ghassemi
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Noehren B, Hardy PA, Andersen A, Brightwell CR, Fry JL, Vandsburger MH, Thompson KL, Fry CS. T1ρ imaging as a non-invasive assessment of collagen remodelling and organization in human skeletal muscle after ligamentous injury. J Physiol 2021; 599:5229-5242. [PMID: 34714551 PMCID: PMC8764566 DOI: 10.1113/jp281964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation and fibrosis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in skeletal muscle is a consequence of injury. Current ECM assessment necessitates muscle biopsies to evaluate alterations to the muscle ECM, which is often not practical in humans. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of a magnetic resonance imaging sequence that quantifies T1ρ relaxation time to predict ECM collagen composition and organization. T1ρ imaging was performed and muscle biopsies obtained from the involved and non-involved vastus lateralis muscle on 27 subjects who had an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. T1ρ times were quantified via monoexponential decay curve fitted to a series of T1ρ-weighted images. Several ECM indices, including collagen content and organization, were obtained using immunohistochemistry and histochemistry in addition to hydroxyproline. Model selection with multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationships between T1ρ times and ECM composition. Additionally, the ACL-deficient and healthy limb were compared to determine sensitivity of T1ρ to detect early adaptations in the muscle ECM following injury. We show that T1ρ relaxation time was strongly associated with collagen unfolding (t = 4.093, P = 0.0007) in the ACL-deficient limb, and collagen 1 abundance in the healthy limb (t = 2.75, P = 0.014). In addition, we show that T1ρ relaxation time is significantly longer in the injured limb, coinciding with significant differences in several indices of collagen content and remodelling in the ACL-deficient limb. These results support the use of T1ρ to evaluate ECM composition in skeletal muscle in a non-invasive manner. KEY POINTS: Dysregulation and fibrotic transformation of the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) is a common pathology associated with injury and ageing. Studies of the muscle ECM in humans have necessitated the use of biopsies, which are impractical in many settings. Non-invasive MRI T1ρ relaxation time was validated to predict ECM collagen composition and organization with aligned T1ρ imaging and biopsies of the vastus lateralis in the healthy limb and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient limb of 27 subjects. T1ρ relaxation time was strongly associated with collagen abundance and unfolding in the ACL-deficient limb, and T1ρ relaxation time was strongly associated with total collagen abundance in the healthy limb. T1ρ relaxation time was significantly longer in the ACL-deficient limb, coinciding with significant increases in several indices of muscle collagen content and remodelling supporting the use of T1ρ to non-invasively evaluate ECM composition and pathology in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Noehren
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peter A Hardy
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Anders Andersen
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Camille R Brightwell
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jean L Fry
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Moriel H Vandsburger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Christopher S Fry
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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7
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Song J, Clark A, Wade CE, Wolf SE. Skeletal muscle wasting after a severe burn is a consequence of cachexia and sarcopenia. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 45:1627-1633. [PMID: 34296448 PMCID: PMC9293203 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wasting is common and persistent in severely burned patients, worsened by immobilization during treatment. In this review, we posit two major phenotypes of muscle wasting after severe burn, cachexia and sarcopenia, each with distinguishing characteristics to result in muscle atrophy; these characteristics are also likely present in other critically ill populations. An online search was conducted from the PubMed database and other available online resources and we manually extracted published articles in a systematic mini review. We describe the current definitions and characteristics of cachexia and sarcopenia and relate these to muscle wasting after severe burn. We then discuss these putative mechanisms of muscle atrophy in this condition. Severe burn and immobilization have distinctive patterns in mediating muscle wasting and muscle atrophy. In considering these two pathological phenotypes (cachexia and sarcopenia), we propose two independent principal causes and mechanisms of muscle mass loss after burns: (1) inflammation-induced cachexia, leading to proteolysis and protein degradation, and (2) sarcopenia/immobility that signals inhibition of expected increases in protein synthesis in response to protein loss. Because both are present following severe burn, these should be considered independently in devising treatments. Discussing cachexia and sarcopenia as independent mechanisms of severe burn-initiated muscle wasting is explored. Recognition of these associated mechanisms will likely improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juquan Song
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Audra Clark
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Charles E Wade
- Center for Translational Injury Research and Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven E Wolf
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Clark AT, Song J, Yao X, Carlson D, Huebinger RM, Mei Liu M, Madni TD, Imran JB, Taveras LR, Weis HB, Arnoldo BD, Phelan HA, Wolf SE. Muscle Homeostasis Is Disrupted in Burned Adults. J Burn Care Res 2021; 41:33-40. [PMID: 31738430 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe burn leads to substantial skeletal muscle wasting that is associated with adverse outcomes and protracted recovery. The purpose of our study was to investigate muscle tissue homeostasis in response to severe burn. Muscle biopsies from the right m. lateralis were obtained from 10 adult burn patients at the time of their first operation. Patients were grouped by burn size (total body surface area of <30% vs ≥30%). Muscle fiber size and factors of cell death and muscle regeneration were examined. Muscle cell cross-sectional area was significantly smaller in the large-burn group (2174.3 ± 183.8 µm2 vs 3687.0 ± 527.2 µm2, P = .04). The expression of ubiquitin E3 ligase MuRF1 and cell death downstream effector caspace 3 was increased in the large-burn group (P < .05). No significant difference was seen between groups in expression of the myogenic factors Pax7, MyoD, or myogenin. Interestingly, Pax7 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in muscle tissue were significantly correlated to injury severity only in the smaller-burn group (P < .05). In conclusion, muscle atrophy after burn is driven by apoptotic activation without an equal response of satellite cell activation, differentiation, and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audra T Clark
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn, Trauma, and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Juquan Song
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch - Galveston
| | - Xiao Yao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn, Trauma, and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Deborah Carlson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn, Trauma, and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Ryan M Huebinger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn, Trauma, and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Ming Mei Liu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn, Trauma, and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Tarik D Madni
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn, Trauma, and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Jonathan B Imran
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn, Trauma, and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Luis R Taveras
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn, Trauma, and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Holly B Weis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn, Trauma, and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Brett D Arnoldo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn, Trauma, and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Herb A Phelan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn, Trauma, and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Steven E Wolf
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch - Galveston
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Patrick AP, Swick BL. Skeletal muscle regeneration in post-myofascial flap reconstruction specimens mimicking sarcoma: A potential diagnostic pitfall. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:1303-1306. [PMID: 34086358 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration (SMR) encompasses a sequence of events that unfolds after injury to muscle fibers. Nearby satellite cells become activated and function as precursor muscle cells by proliferating and differentiating into myoblasts, which eventually fuse to form myotubes and ultimately mature muscle fibers. Compared to other forms of mesenchymal repair, SMR has higher morphologic heterogeneity with the potential to show histopathologic similarities to sarcomas and other malignancies. It is important to recognize SMR and settings in which this can occur to avoid misdiagnosis. We report two cases where a diagnosis of SMR was made from tissue taken from locations previously treated with Mohs micrographic surgery followed by myofascial flap reconstruction. In both cases, histopathologic features identified with hematoxylin and eosin as well as immunostaining were used to support the diagnosis of SMR. These cases highlight the importance of recognizing this clinic entity to ensure accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley P Patrick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Brian L Swick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Medicine, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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10
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Zhou Y, Chen F, Xie X, Nie H, Lian S, Zhong C, Fu C, Shen W, Li B, Ye Y, Lu Y, Jia L. Tumor-derived Exosome Promotes Metastasis via Altering its Phenotype and Inclusions. J Cancer 2021; 12:4240-4246. [PMID: 34093824 PMCID: PMC8176431 DOI: 10.7150/jca.48043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tumor-derived exosomes play an important role in the process of metastasis, differences in exosomes secreted by the same cells at different stages or conditions have not been noticed by most of the relevant researchers. Here we developed a lung cancer model in nude mice, and the phenotype and inclusions of exosomes secreted by early and advanced tumors were analysed. The size distribution and surface topography of these two exosomes were not significantly different, but the expression of CD63 in early tumor exosome (E-exosome) was significantly lower than that in advanced tumor exosome (A-exosome). α-SMA expression on HELF cells treated with A-exosome was significantly higher than that treated with E-exosome. The ability of A-exosome to promote the migration of A549 cells was better than E-exosome. Furthermore, small RNA sequence showed that only 3 of the 171 detected-small RNAs were expressed simultaneously in both exosomes. These findings proved that there are significant differences in inclusions and functions between the early and late exosomes of the same tumor. The study highlights the importance of exosomes in cancer metastasis, and might suggest exosomes can be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Huifang Nie
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Shu Lian
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Chunlian Zhong
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chengbin Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Weiyu Shen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Bifei Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Yongqing Ye
- Fujian Sanyi Hematopoietic Technology Co. Ltd., Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Lee Jia
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
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11
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Knuth CM, Auger C, Jeschke MG. Burn-induced hypermetabolism and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C58-C71. [PMID: 33909503 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00106.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Critical illnesses, including sepsis, cancer cachexia, and burn injury, invoke a milieu of systemic metabolic and inflammatory derangements that ultimately results in increased energy expenditure leading to fat and lean mass catabolism. Burn injuries present a unique clinical challenge given the magnitude and duration of the hypermetabolic response compared with other forms of critical illness, which drastically increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Skeletal muscle metabolism is particularly altered as a consequence of burn-induced hypermetabolism, as it primarily provides a main source of fuel in support of wound healing. Interestingly, muscle catabolism is sustained long after the wound has healed, indicating that additional mechanisms beyond wound healing are involved. In this review, we discuss the distinctive pathophysiological response to burn injury with a focus on skeletal muscle function and metabolism. We first examine the diverse consequences on skeletal muscle dysfunction between thermal, electrical, and chemical burns. We then provide a comprehensive overview of the known mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle dysfunction that may be attributed to hypermetabolism. Finally, we review the most promising current treatment options to mitigate muscle catabolism, and by extension improve morbidity and mortality, and end with future directions that have the potential to significantly improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly M Knuth
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Auger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Latham CM, Brightwell CR, Keeble AR, Munson BD, Thomas NT, Zagzoog AM, Fry CS, Fry JL. Vitamin D Promotes Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Mitochondrial Health. Front Physiol 2021; 12:660498. [PMID: 33935807 PMCID: PMC8079814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.660498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for the maintenance of skeletal muscle and bone health. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in muscle, as is CYP27B1, the enzyme that hydroxylates 25(OH)D to its active form, 1,25(OH)D. Furthermore, mounting evidence suggests that vitamin D may play an important role during muscle damage and regeneration. Muscle damage is characterized by compromised muscle fiber architecture, disruption of contractile protein integrity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Muscle regeneration is a complex process that involves restoration of mitochondrial function and activation of satellite cells (SC), the resident skeletal muscle stem cells. VDR expression is strongly upregulated following injury, particularly in central nuclei and SCs in animal models of muscle injury. Mechanistic studies provide some insight into the possible role of vitamin D activity in injured muscle. In vitro and in vivo rodent studies show that vitamin D mitigates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, augments antioxidant capacity, and prevents oxidative stress, a common antagonist in muscle damage. Additionally, VDR knockdown results in decreased mitochondrial oxidative capacity and ATP production, suggesting that vitamin D is crucial for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity; an important driver of muscle regeneration. Vitamin D regulation of mitochondrial health may also have implications for SC activity and self-renewal capacity, which could further affect muscle regeneration. However, the optimal timing, form and dose of vitamin D, as well as the mechanism by which vitamin D contributes to maintenance and restoration of muscle strength following injury, have not been determined. More research is needed to determine mechanistic action of 1,25(OH)D on mitochondria and SCs, as well as how this action manifests following muscle injury in vivo. Moreover, standardization in vitamin D sufficiency cut-points, time-course study of the efficacy of vitamin D administration, and comparison of multiple analogs of vitamin D are necessary to elucidate the potential of vitamin D as a significant contributor to muscle regeneration following injury. Here we will review the contribution of vitamin D to skeletal muscle regeneration following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Latham
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Camille R Brightwell
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Alexander R Keeble
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Brooke D Munson
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Nicholas T Thomas
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Alyaa M Zagzoog
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jean L Fry
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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13
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Gheller BJ, Blum JE, Lim EW, Handzlik MK, Hannah Fong EH, Ko AC, Khanna S, Gheller ME, Bender EL, Alexander MS, Stover PJ, Field MS, Cosgrove BD, Metallo CM, Thalacker-Mercer AE. Extracellular serine and glycine are required for mouse and human skeletal muscle stem and progenitor cell function. Mol Metab 2021; 43:101106. [PMID: 33122122 PMCID: PMC7691553 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle regeneration relies on muscle-specific adult stem cells (MuSCs), MuSC progeny, muscle progenitor cells (MPCs), and a coordinated myogenic program that is influenced by the extracellular environment. Following injury, MPCs undergo a transient and rapid period of population expansion, which is necessary to repair damaged myofibers and restore muscle homeostasis. Certain pathologies (e.g., metabolic diseases and muscle dystrophies) and advanced age are associated with dysregulated muscle regeneration. The availability of serine and glycine, two nutritionally non-essential amino acids, is altered in humans with these pathologies, and these amino acids have been shown to influence the proliferative state of non-muscle cells. Our objective was to determine the role of serine/glycine in MuSC/MPC function. METHODS Primary human MPCs (hMPCs) were used for in vitro experiments, and young (4-6 mo) and old (>20 mo) mice were used for in vivo experiments. Serine/glycine availability was manipulated using specially formulated media in vitro or dietary restriction in vivo followed by downstream metabolic and cell proliferation analyses. RESULTS We identified that serine/glycine are essential for hMPC proliferation. Dietary restriction of serine/glycine in a mouse model of skeletal muscle regeneration lowered the abundance of MuSCs 3 days post-injury. Stable isotope-tracing studies showed that hMPCs rely on extracellular serine/glycine for population expansion because they exhibit a limited capacity for de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis. Restriction of serine/glycine to hMPCs resulted in cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. Extracellular serine/glycine was necessary to support glutathione and global protein synthesis in hMPCs. Using an aged mouse model, we found that reduced serine/glycine availability augmented intermyocellular adipocytes 28 days post-injury. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrated that despite an absolute serine/glycine requirement for MuSC/MPC proliferation, de novo synthesis was inadequate to support these demands, making extracellular serine and glycine conditionally essential for efficient skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Gheller
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jamie E Blum
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Esther W Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michal K Handzlik
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Anthony C Ko
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shray Khanna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Molly E Gheller
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Erica L Bender
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew S Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA; UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA; Civitan International Research Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Genetics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patrick J Stover
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Martha S Field
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin D Cosgrove
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anna E Thalacker-Mercer
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
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14
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Estrogen Regulates the Satellite Cell Compartment in Females. Cell Rep 2020; 28:368-381.e6. [PMID: 31291574 PMCID: PMC6655560 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass, strength, and regenerative capacity decline with age, with many measures showing a greater deterioration in females around the time estrogen levels decrease at menopause. Here, we show that estrogen deficiency severely compromises the maintenance of muscle stem cells (i.e., satellite cells) as well as impairs self-renewal and differentiation into muscle fibers. Mechanistically, by hormone replacement, use of a selective estrogen-receptor modulator (bazedoxifene), and conditional estrogen receptor knockout, we implicate 17β-estradiol and satellite cell expression of estrogen receptor α and show that estrogen signaling through this receptor is necessary to prevent apoptosis of satellite cells. Early data from a biopsy study of women who transitioned from peri- to post-menopause are consistent with the loss of satellite cells coincident with the decline in estradiol in humans. Together, these results demonstrate an important role for estrogen in satellite cell maintenance and muscle regeneration in females. Collins et al. show the loss of estrogen in female mice and post-menopausal women leads to a decrease in skeletal muscle stem cells. Using muscle stem cell-specific mutants, it was demonstrated that ERα is necessary for satellite cell maintenance, self-renewal, and protection from apoptosis, thereby promoting optimal muscle regeneration.
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15
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Shao X, Chen J, Yang J, Sui W, Deng Y, Huang Z, Hu P, Yang J. Fiber Type-Specific Morphological and Cellular Changes of Paraspinal Muscles in Patients with Severe Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924415. [PMID: 32778639 PMCID: PMC7412933 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paraspinal muscle (PSM) has been suggested to have a role in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Few studies have investigated the fiber type-specific changes of PSM in detail. Material/Methods Bilateral multifidus muscles were harvested from the apical vertebra level (T7–T10) of 12 AIS patients and 6 control individuals. Immunohistological staining was performed to evaluate the muscle fiber type composition, fiber type-specific cross-sectional area (CSA), myonuclei density, and the total and activated satellite cell (SC) density. The correlations between these characteristics and curve initiation/severity were analyzed. Results In comparison with the PSM in convexity and the control group, PSM in concavity showed a significant reduction of CSA (concavity, 2601.1±574.1 μm2; convexity, 3732.1±545.1 μm2; control, 3426.5±248.4 μm2), myonuclei density (concavity, 2.0±0.3 myonuclei/fiber; convexity, 2.5±0.4 myonuclei/fiber; control, 2.2±0.2 myonuclei/fiber), and activated SC density (concavity, 0.7±0.4 cells/100 fibers; convexity, 1.5±0.7 cells/100 fibers; control, 1.2±0.3 cells/100 fibers) for fiber type I. The Cobb angle was positively correlated with the bilateral ratio of CSA (convexity/concavity) for both fiber types. The apical vertebral translation was positively correlated with bilateral difference of myonuclei density (type I), total SC density (types I and II), and activated SC density (type I). Conclusions The fiber type-specific pathological changes on the concave side seemed to be more severe. Some fiber type-specific characteristics (CSA, myonuclei density, total/activated SC density) were closely associated with curve severity. More attention should be paid to PSM physiotherapy treatment on the concave side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiexiang Shao
- Spine Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Chen
- Spine Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jingfan Yang
- Spine Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wenyuan Sui
- Spine Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yaolong Deng
- Spine Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Zifang Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Hu
- CAS, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Junlin Yang
- Spine Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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16
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Brightwell CR, Hanson ME, El Ayadi A, Prasai A, Wang Y, Finnerty CC, Fry CS. Thermal injury initiates pervasive fibrogenesis in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C277-C287. [PMID: 32432932 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00337.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe burn injury induces a myriad of deleterious effects to skeletal muscle, resulting in impaired function and delayed recovery. Following burn, catabolic signaling and myofiber atrophy are key fiber-intrinsic determinants of weakness; less well understood are alterations in the interstitial environment surrounding myofibers. Muscle quality, specifically alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM), modulates force transmission and strength. We sought to determine the impact of severe thermal injury on adaptation to the muscle ECM and quantify muscle fibrotic burden. After a 30% total body surface area dorsal burn, spinotrapezius muscle was harvested from mice at 7 (7d, n = 5), 14 (14d, n = 4), and 21 days (21d, n = 4), and a sham control group was also examined (Sham, n = 4). Expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), myostatin, and downstream effectors and proteases involved in fibrosis and collagen remodeling were measured by immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses assessed fibrogenic cell abundance and collagen deposition. Myostatin signaling increased progressively through 21 days postburn alongside fibrogenic/adipogenic progenitor cell expansion, with abundance peaking at 14 days postburn. Postburn, elevated expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 supported collagen remodeling resulting in a net accumulation of muscle collagen content. Collagen accumulation peaked at 14 days postburn but remained elevated through 21 days postburn, demonstrating minimal resolution of burn-induced fibrosis. These findings highlight a progressive upregulation of fibrogenic processes following burn injury, eliciting a fibrotic muscle phenotype that hinders regenerative capacity and is not resolved with 21 days of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille R Brightwell
- Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Madeline E Hanson
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Amina El Ayadi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
| | - Anesh Prasai
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
| | - Celeste C Finnerty
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
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17
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Qaisar R, Karim A, Elmoselhi AB. Muscle unloading: A comparison between spaceflight and ground-based models. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13431. [PMID: 31840423 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged unloading of skeletal muscle, a common outcome of events such as spaceflight, bed rest and hindlimb unloading, can result in extensive metabolic, structural and functional changes in muscle fibres. With advancement in investigations of cellular and molecular mechanisms, understanding of disuse muscle atrophy has significantly increased. However, substantial gaps exist in our understanding of the processes dictating muscle plasticity during unloading, which prevent us from developing effective interventions to combat muscle loss. This review aims to update the status of knowledge and underlying mechanisms leading to cellular and molecular changes in skeletal muscle during unloading. We have also discussed advances in the understanding of contractile dysfunction during spaceflights and in ground-based models of muscle unloading. Additionally, we have elaborated on potential therapeutic interventions that show promising results in boosting muscle mass and strength during mechanical unloading. Finally, we have identified key gaps in our knowledge as well as possible research direction for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Qaisar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
| | - Asima Karim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
| | - Adel B. Elmoselhi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
- Department of Physiology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
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18
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Yousuf Y, Datu A, Barnes B, Amini-Nik S, Jeschke MG. Metformin alleviates muscle wasting post-thermal injury by increasing Pax7-positive muscle progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:18. [PMID: 31915055 PMCID: PMC6950874 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Profound skeletal muscle wasting and weakness is common after severe burn and persists for years after injury contributing to morbidity and mortality of burn patients. Currently, no ideal treatment exists to inhibit muscle catabolism. Metformin is an anti-diabetic agent that manages hyperglycemia but has also been shown to have a beneficial effect on stem cells after injury. We hypothesize that metformin administration will increase protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle by increasing the proliferation of muscle progenitor cells, thus mitigating muscle atrophy post-burn injury. METHODS To determine whether metformin can attenuate muscle catabolism following burn injury, we utilized a 30% total burn surface area (TBSA) full-thickness scald burn in mice and compared burn injuries with and without metformin treatment. We examined the gastrocnemius muscle at 7 and 14 days post-burn injury. RESULTS At 7 days, burn injury significantly reduced myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) compared to sham, p < 0.05. Metformin treatment significantly attenuated muscle catabolism and preserved muscle CSA at the sham size. To investigate metformin's effect on satellite cells (muscle progenitors), we examined changes in Pax7, a transcription factor regulating the proliferation of muscle progenitors. Burned animals treated with metformin had a significant increase in Pax7 protein level and the number of Pax7-positive cells at 7 days post-burn, p < 0.05. Moreover, through BrdU proliferation assay, we show that metformin treatment increased the proliferation of satellite cells at 7 days post-burn injury, p < 0.05. CONCLUSION In summary, metformin's various metabolic effects and its modulation of stem cells make it an attractive alternative to mitigate burn-induced muscle wasting while also managing hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusef Yousuf
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Andrea Datu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Ben Barnes
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Laboratory in Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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19
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Wu SH, Lu IC, Tai MH, Chai CY, Kwan AL, Huang SH. Erythropoietin Alleviates Burn-induced Muscle Wasting. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:33-44. [PMID: 31929736 PMCID: PMC6945565 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.38590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Burn injury induces long-term skeletal muscle pathology. We hypothesized EPO could attenuate burn-induced muscle fiber atrophy. Methods: Rats were allocated into four groups: a sham burn group, an untreated burn group subjected to third degree hind paw burn, and two burn groups treated with weekly or daily EPO for four weeks. Gastrocnemius muscle was analyzed at four weeks post-burn. Results: EPO attenuated the reduction of mean myofiber cross-sectional area post-burn and the level of the protective effect was no significant difference between two EPO-treated groups (p=0.784). Furthermore, EPO decreased the expression of atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase, atrogin-1, which was up-regulated in response to burn. Compared to untreated burn rats, those receiving weekly or daily EPO groups had less cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay. EPO decreased the expression of cleaved caspase 3 (key factor in the caspase-dependent pathway) and apoptosis-inducing factor (implicated in the caspase-independent pathway) after burn. Furthermore, EPO alleviated connective tissue overproduction following burn via transforming growth factor beta 1-Smad2/3 pathway. Daily EPO group caused significant erythrocytosis compared with untreated burn group but not weekly EPO group. Conclusion: EPO therapy attenuated skeletal muscle apoptosis and fibrosis at four weeks post-burn. Weekly EPO may be a safe and effective option in muscle wasting post-burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hung Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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20
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Li J, Tang M, Yang G, Wang L, Gao Q, Zhang H. Muscle Injury Associated Elevated Oxidative Stress and Abnormal Myogenesis in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2584-2595. [PMID: 31754331 PMCID: PMC6854377 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a disease with unknown etiology characterized by spinal rotation asymmetry. Reports describing the histochemical and pathological analyses of IS patients have shown that necrosis, fibrosis and fatty involution occurred on the apex paraspinal muscles. However, research on the changes in the paraspinal muscles of IS patients compared with those in matched controls is rare; thus, the basic mechanism of how paraspinal muscles are injured in IS patients is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the morphological changes of paraspinal muscles in the control group and IS patients, and the possible mechanisms were examined in vivo and in vitro. Increased myofiber necrosis was found on both sides of the apex paraspinal muscles of IS patients compared with those of the control group, and the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells was also increased. Apoptosis signaling pathways, including pro-apoptosis proteins such as cleaved-caspase 3 and cytochrome c, were markedly upregulated, whereas the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bax was significantly downregulated in IS patients compared with the control group. Moreover, PGC-1α and SOD1 were upregulated in accordance with the increased ROS production in IS patients. The distribution of myofiber types, as well as the mRNA levels of type IIa myofiber marker MYH2 and the important myogenesis regulator MYOG were remarkably changed in IS patients. In addition, C2C12 or human skeletal muscle mesenchymal progenitor cells treated with antimycin A in glucose-free and serum-free culture medium, which can activate oxidative stress and induce apoptosis, showed similar patterns of the changed distribution of myofiber types and downregulation of MYH2 and MYOG. Altogether, our study suggested that the extents of severe muscle injury and accumulated oxidative stress were increased in IS patients compared with the control group, and the abnormal myogenesis was also observed in IS patients. Since elevated oxidative stress can lead to apoptosis and the dysregulation of myogenesis in muscle cells, it may be associated with the pathological changes observed in IS patients and contribute to the development and progression of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Mingxing Tang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Guanteng Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Longjie Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Qile Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Skeletal muscle mass with aging, during critical care, and following critical care is a determinant of quality of life and survival. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that underpin skeletal muscle atrophy and recommendations to offset skeletal muscle atrophy with aging and during, as well as following, critical care. RECENT FINDINGS Anabolic resistance is responsible, in part, for skeletal muscle atrophy with aging, muscle disuse, and during disease states. Anabolic resistance describes the reduced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis to a given dose of protein/amino acids and contributes to declines in skeletal muscle mass. Physical inactivity induces: anabolic resistance (that is likely exacerbated with aging), insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, decreased satellite cell content, and decreased capillary density. Critical illness results in rapid skeletal muscle atrophy that is a result of both anabolic resistance and enhanced skeletal muscle breakdown. SUMMARY Insofar as atrophic loss of skeletal muscle mass is concerned, anabolic resistance is a principal determinant of age-induced losses and appears to be a contributor to critical illness-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Older individuals should perform exercise using both heavy and light loads three times per week, ingest at least 1.2 g of protein/kg/day, evenly distribute their meals into protein boluses of 0.40 g/kg, and consume protein within 2 h of retiring for sleep. During critical care, early, frequent, and multimodal physical therapies in combination with early, enteral, hypocaloric energy (∼10-15 kcal/kg/day), and high-protein (>1.2 g/kg/day) provision is recommended.
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22
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Friedmann-Bette B, Profit F, Gwechenberger T, Weiberg N, Parstorfer M, Weber MA, Streich N, Barié A. Strength Training Effects on Muscular Regeneration after ACL Reconstruction. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 50:1152-1161. [PMID: 29389836 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Protracted quadriceps muscle atrophy is observed after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). The aim of this study was to assess if quadriceps strength training with eccentric overload (CON/ECC) is more efficient to induce muscle regeneration after ACL-R than conventional concentric/eccentric (CON/ECC) strength training. METHODS Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained from 37 recreational athletes after 12 wk of regular rehabilitation after ACL-R and again after 12 wk with twice a week of either conventional CON/ECC (n = 16) or CON/ECC (n = 21) one-legged supervised leg-press training. Immunohistochemical analyses were used to determine satellite cell (SC) number (Pax7); activated SC number (Pax7/MyoD); fibers expressing myosin heavy-chain (MHC) I and II, MHC neonatal, and fiber cross-sectional area. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to measure quadriceps cross-sectional area and isokinetic testing for the measurement of quadriceps strength. RESULTS CON/ECC induced a significantly (P = 0.002) greater increase in quadriceps cross-sectional area than did CON/ECC. There also was a significant increase in the fiber cross-sectional areas of all fiber types and in quadriceps strength, but without significant difference between training groups. Only CON/ECC training led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in percent type I fibers. After training, the number of MHC I/MHCneo fibers was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the CON/ECC than after in the CON/ECC group. The proportion of hybrid fibers tended to decrease in both groups; percent type II fibers, SC number, and activated SC number remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS CON/ECC leads to significantly greater muscle hypertrophy compared with CON/ECC, but without the hypothesized enhancing effect on SC activation. At the same time, CON/ECC+ induces a less favorable slower muscle phenotype for strong and fast movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Friedmann-Bette
- Department of Sports Medicine (Internal Medicine VII), Medical Clinic, University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Francesca Profit
- Department of Sports Medicine (Internal Medicine VII), Medical Clinic, University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Thomas Gwechenberger
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY.,Olympic Training Center, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Nadine Weiberg
- Department of Sports Medicine (Internal Medicine VII), Medical Clinic, University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Mario Parstorfer
- Department of Sports Medicine (Internal Medicine VII), Medical Clinic, University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Marc-André Weber
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY.,Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Rostock, GERMANY
| | | | - Alexander Barié
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital, Heidelberg, GERMANY
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23
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Han WM, Anderson SE, Mohiuddin M, Barros D, Nakhai SA, Shin E, Amaral IF, Pêgo AP, García AJ, Jang YC. Synthetic matrix enhances transplanted satellite cell engraftment in dystrophic and aged skeletal muscle with comorbid trauma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar4008. [PMID: 30116776 PMCID: PMC6093653 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar4008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) play a central role in muscle regeneration, but their quantity and function decline with comorbidity of trauma, aging, and muscle diseases. Although transplantation of MuSCs in traumatically injured muscle in the comorbid context of aging or pathology is a strategy to boost muscle regeneration, an effective cell delivery strategy in these contexts has not been developed. We engineered a synthetic hydrogel-based matrix with optimal mechanical, cell-adhesive, and protease-degradable properties that promotes MuSC survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Furthermore, we establish a biomaterial-mediated cell delivery strategy for treating muscle trauma, where intramuscular injections may not be applicable. Delivery of MuSCs in the engineered matrix significantly improved in vivo cell survival, proliferation, and engraftment in nonirradiated and immunocompetent muscles of aged and dystrophic mice compared to collagen gels and cell-only controls. This platform may be suitable for treating craniofacial and limb muscle trauma, as well as postoperative wounds of elderly and dystrophic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin M. Han
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Shannon E. Anderson
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Mahir Mohiuddin
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Daniela Barros
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shadi A. Nakhai
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Eunjung Shin
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Isabel Freitas Amaral
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Pêgo
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrés J. García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Young C. Jang
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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24
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Abstract
This pilot study was conducted to profile safety of nebulized racemic epinephrine when used as a therapy for smoke inhalation injury in severely burned children. We enrolled 16 patients who were 7 to 19 years of age ([mean ± SD], 12 ± 4 years) with burns covering more than 30% of the TBSA (55 ± 17%) and smoke inhalation injury, as diagnosed by bronchoscopy at burn center admission. Patients were randomized to receive either standard of care (n = 8), which consisted of nebulized acetylcysteine, nebulized heparin, and nebulized albuterol, or to receive standard of care plus nebulized epinephrine (n = 8). Primary endpoints were death, chest pain, and adverse changes in cardiopulmonary hemodynamics (arrhythmia, arterial blood pressure, electrocardiographic [ST segment] changes, and peak inspiratory pressure). Additional endpoints included total days on ventilator, pulmonary function, and physiological cardiopulmonary measurements at intensive care unit discharge. No adverse events were observed during or after the nebulization of epinephrine, and no deaths were reported that were attributable to the administration of nebulized epinephrine. The groups did not significantly differ with regard to age, sex, burn size, days on ventilator, pulmonary function, or cardiopulmonary fitness. Results of this pilot trial indicate epinephrine to be safe when administered to pediatric burn patients with smoke inhalation injury. Current data warrant future efficacy studies with a greater number of patients.
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the recent findings on metabolic derangements leading to loss of muscle mass and function. RECENT FINDINGS Several recent studies investigated methods to assess muscle mass and function and its clinical relevance. These are also included. A few studies confirm that a low muscle mass is related to a worse outcome but also a compromised muscle function at discharge is related to long-term survival. A low quality of muscle assessed by the density of muscle from a computed tomography scan is related to mortality. For the metabolic derangements, a compromised handling of calcium is present in muscle of animal models and might be causing a decreased muscle function in patients. Transcriptomics analyses of muscle post-ICU indicated an upregulation of regenerative pathways, but still muscle mass is not recovering in most patients. This could be due to an impairment regenerative capacity due to satellite cells dysfunction. SUMMARY Muscle mass and function are related to outcome. New finding show that not only muscle mass but also muscle quality is important, that a compromised handling of calcium might be involved in muscle weakness and that regaining muscle could be compromised due to a defective regenerative capacity of satellite cells.
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26
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D’Lugos AC, Patel SH, Ormsby JC, Curtis DP, Fry CS, Carroll CC, Dickinson JM. Prior acetaminophen consumption impacts the early adaptive cellular response of human skeletal muscle to resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:1012-1024. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00922.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise (RE) is a powerful stimulus for skeletal muscle adaptation. Previous data demonstrate that cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibiting drugs alter the cellular mechanisms regulating the adaptive response of skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prior consumption of the COX inhibitor acetaminophen (APAP) alters the immediate adaptive cellular response in human skeletal muscle after RE. In a double-blinded, randomized, crossover design, healthy young men ( n = 8, 25 ± 1 yr) performed two trials of unilateral knee extension RE (8 sets, 10 reps, 65% max strength). Subjects ingested either APAP (1,000 mg/6 h) or placebo (PLA) for 24 h before RE (final dose consumed immediately after RE). Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were collected at rest and 1 h and 3 h after exercise. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 signaling was assessed through immunoblot and immunohistochemistry, and mRNA expression of myogenic genes was examined via RT-qPCR. At 1 h p-rpS6Ser240/244 was increased in both groups but to a greater extent in PLA. At 3 h p-S6K1Thr389 was elevated only in PLA. Furthermore, localization of mTOR to the lysosome (LAMP2) in myosin heavy chain (MHC) II fibers increased 3 h after exercise only in PLA. mTOR-LAMP2 colocalization in MHC I fibers was greater in PLA vs. APAP 1 h after exercise. Myostatin mRNA expression was reduced 1 h after exercise only in PLA. MYF6 mRNA expression was increased 1 h and 3 h after exercise only in APAP. APAP consumption appears to alter the early adaptive cellular response of skeletal muscle to RE. These findings further highlight the mechanisms through which COX-inhibiting drugs impact the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The extent to which the cellular reaction to acetaminophen impacts the mechanisms regulating the adaptive response of human skeletal muscle to resistance exercise is not well understood. Consumption of acetaminophen before resistance exercise appears to suppress the early response of mTORC1 activity to acute resistance exercise. These data also demonstrate, for the first time, that resistance exercise elicits fiber type-specific changes in the intracellular colocalization of mTOR with the lysosome in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. D’Lugos
- Healthy Lifestyles Research Center, Exercise Science and Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Shivam H. Patel
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Jordan C. Ormsby
- Healthy Lifestyles Research Center, Exercise Science and Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Christopher S. Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Chad C. Carroll
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Jared M. Dickinson
- Healthy Lifestyles Research Center, Exercise Science and Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
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27
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Reidy PT, Fry CS, Dickinson JM, Drummond MJ, Rasmussen BB. Postexercise essential amino acid supplementation amplifies skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation in older men 24 hours postexercise. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/11/e13269. [PMID: 28596299 PMCID: PMC5471431 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aged skeletal muscle has an attenuated and delayed ability to proliferate satellite cells in response to resistance exercise. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway is a focal point for cell growth, however, the effect of postexercise mTORC1 activation on human skeletal muscle satellite cell (SC) proliferation is unknown. To test the proliferative capacity of skeletal muscle SC in aging muscle to a potent mTORC1 activator (i.e., EAA; essential amino acids) we recruited older (~72y) men to conduct leg resistance exercise (8setsx10reps) without (−EAA; n = 8) and with (+EAA: n = 11) ingestion of 10 g of EAA 1 h postexercise. Muscle biopsies were taken before exercise (Pre) and 24 h postexercise (Post) for assessment of expression and fiber type‐specific Pax7+SC, Ki67+Pax7+SC and MyoD+SC. −EAA did not show an increase in Pax7+ satellite cells at Post(P > 0.82). Although statistical significance for an increase in Pax7 + SC at 24 h post‐RE was not observed in +EAA versus −EAA, we observed trends for a treatment difference (P < 0.1). When examining the change from Pre to Post trends were demonstrated (#/myofiber: P = 0.076; and %/myonuclei: P = 0.065) for a greater increase in +EAA versus −EAA. Notably, we found an increase SC proliferation in +EAA, but not −EAA with increase in Ki67+SC and MyoD+ cells (P < 0.05). Ki67+SC also exhibited a significant group difference Post (P < 0.010). Pax7+SC in fast twitch myofibers did not change and were not different between groups (P > 0.10). CDK2, MEF2C, RB1 mRNA only increased in +EAA (P < 0.05). Acute muscle satellite cell proliferative capacity may be partially rescued with postexercise EAA ingestion in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Reidy
- Center for Recovery, Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jared M Dickinson
- Center for Recovery, Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Blake B Rasmussen
- Center for Recovery, Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas .,Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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28
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Wu SH, Lu IC, Lee SS, Kwan AL, Chai CY, Huang SH. Erythropoietin attenuates motor neuron programmed cell death in a burn animal model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190039. [PMID: 29385149 PMCID: PMC5791978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn-induced neuromuscular dysfunction may contribute to long-term morbidity; therefore, it is imperative to develop novel treatments. The present study investigated whether erythropoietin (EPO) administration attenuates burn-induced motor neuron apoptosis and neuroinflammatory response. To validate our hypothesis, a third-degree hind paw burn rat model was developed by bringing the paw into contact with a metal surface at 75°C for 10 s. A total of 24 male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Group A, sham-control; Group B, burn-induced; Group C, burn + single EPO dose (5000 IU/kg i.p. at D0); and Group D, burn + daily EPO dosage (3000 IU/kg/day i.p. at D0–D6). Two treatment regimens were used to evaluate single versus multiple doses treatment effects. Before sacrifice, blood samples were collected for hematological parameter examination. The histological analyses of microglia activation, iNOS, and COX-2 in the spinal cord ventral horn were performed at week 1 post-burn. In addition, we examined autophagy changes by biomarkers of LC3B and ATG5. The expression of BCL-2, BAX, cleaved caspase-3, phospho-AKT, and mTOR was assessed simultaneously through Western blotting. EPO administration after burn injury attenuated neuroinflammation through various mechanisms, including the reduction of microglia activity as well as iNOS and COX-2 expression in the spinal cord ventral horn. In addition, the expression of phospho-AKT, mTOR and apoptotic indicators, such as BAX, BCL-2, and cleaved caspase-3, was modulated. Furthermore, the activity of burn-induced autophagy in the spinal cord ventral horn characterized by the expression of autophagic biomarkers, LC3B and ATG5, was reduced after EPO administration. The present results indicate that EPO inhibits the AKT-mTOR pathway to attenuate burn-induced motor neuron programmed cell death and microglia activation. EPO can modulate neuroinflammation and programmed cell death and may be a therapeutic candidate for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Shin Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hung Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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29
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Hogan KA, Cho DS, Arneson PC, Samani A, Palines P, Yang Y, Doles JD. Tumor-derived cytokines impair myogenesis and alter the skeletal muscle immune microenvironment. Cytokine 2017; 107:9-17. [PMID: 29153940 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wasting is a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function that is associated with aging, obesity, and a spectrum of pathologies including cancer. Cancer-associated wasting not only reduces quality of life, but also directly impacts cancer mortality, chemotherapeutic efficacy, and surgical outcomes. There is an incomplete understanding of the role of tumor-derived factors in muscle wasting and sparse knowledge of how these factors impact in vivo muscle regeneration. Here, we identify several cytokines/chemokines that negatively impact in vitro myogenic differentiation. We show that one of these cytokines, CXCL1, potently antagonizes in vivo muscle regeneration and interferes with in vivo muscle satellite cell homeostasis. Strikingly, CXCL1 triggers a robust and specific neutrophil/M2 macrophage response that likely underlies or exacerbates muscle repair/regeneration defects. Taken together, these data highlight the pleiotropic nature of a novel tumor-derived cytokine and underscore the importance of cytokines in muscle progenitor cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Hogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dong Seong Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paige C Arneson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Adrienne Samani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Patrick Palines
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jason D Doles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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30
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Finnerty CC, McKenna CF, Cambias LA, Brightwell CR, Prasai A, Wang Y, El Ayadi A, Herndon DN, Suman OE, Fry CS. Inducible satellite cell depletion attenuates skeletal muscle regrowth following a scald-burn injury. J Physiol 2017; 595:6687-6701. [PMID: 28833130 PMCID: PMC5663820 DOI: 10.1113/jp274841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Severe burns result in significant skeletal muscle cachexia that impedes recovery. Activity of satellite cells, skeletal muscle stem cells, is altered following a burn injury and likely hinders regrowth of muscle. Severe burn injury induces satellite cell proliferation and fusion into myofibres with greater activity in muscles proximal to the injury site. Conditional depletion of satellite cells attenuates recovery of myofibre area and volume following a scald burn injury in mice. Skeletal muscle regrowth following a burn injury requires satellite cell activity, underscoring the therapeutic potential of satellite cells in the prevention of prolonged frailty in burn survivors. ABSTRACT Severe burns result in profound skeletal muscle atrophy; persistent muscle atrophy and weakness are major complications that hamper recovery from burn injury. Many factors contribute to the erosion of muscle mass following burn trauma, and we have previously shown concurrent activation and apoptosis of muscle satellite cells following a burn injury in paediatric patients. To determine the necessity of satellite cells during muscle recovery following a burn injury, we utilized a genetically modified mouse model (Pax7CreER -DTA) that allows for the conditional depletion of satellite cells in skeletal muscle. Additionally, mice were provided 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine to determine satellite cell proliferation, activation and fusion. Juvenile satellite cell-wild-type (SC-WT) and satellite cell-depleted (SC-Dep) mice (8 weeks of age) were randomized to sham or burn injury consisting of a dorsal scald burn injury covering 30% of total body surface area. Both hindlimb and dorsal muscles were studied at 7, 14 and 21 days post-burn. SC-Dep mice had >93% depletion of satellite cells compared to SC-WT (P < 0.05). Burn injury induced robust atrophy in muscles located both proximal and distal to the injury site (∼30% decrease in fibre cross-sectional area, P < 0.05). Additionally, burn injury induced skeletal muscle regeneration, satellite cell proliferation and fusion. Depletion of satellite cells impaired post-burn recovery of both muscle fibre cross-sectional area and volume (P < 0.05). These findings support an integral role for satellite cells in the aetiology of lean tissue recovery following a severe burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste C. Finnerty
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Shriners Hospital for ChildrenGalvestonTXUSA
- Institute for Translational ScienceUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Colleen F. McKenna
- Department of Nutrition and MetabolismUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Lauren A. Cambias
- Department of Nutrition and MetabolismUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Camille R. Brightwell
- Division of Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, GalvestonTXUSA
| | - Anesh Prasai
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Shriners Hospital for ChildrenGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Shriners Hospital for ChildrenGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Amina El Ayadi
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Shriners Hospital for ChildrenGalvestonTXUSA
| | - David N. Herndon
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Shriners Hospital for ChildrenGalvestonTXUSA
- Institute for Translational ScienceUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Oscar E. Suman
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Shriners Hospital for ChildrenGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Christopher S. Fry
- Shriners Hospital for ChildrenGalvestonTXUSA
- Institute for Translational ScienceUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Department of Nutrition and MetabolismUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
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31
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McKenna CF, Fry CS. Altered satellite cell dynamics accompany skeletal muscle atrophy during chronic illness, disuse, and aging. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2017; 20:447-452. [PMID: 28795971 PMCID: PMC5810415 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review explores recent research investigating the contribution of satellite cells (skeletal muscle stem cells) during muscle fiber atrophy as seen in periods of disuse, illness, and aging. RECENT FINDINGS Studies indicate reduced satellite cell activity and density in a variety of acute and chronic conditions characterized by robust muscle wasting. The direct contribution of satellite cells to unloading/denervation and chronic illness-induced atrophy remains controversial. Inflammation that accompanies acute trauma and illness likely impedes proper satellite cell differentiation and myogenesis, promoting the rapid onset of muscle wasting in these conditions. Transgenic mouse studies provide surprising evidence that age-related declines in satellite cell function and abundance are not causally related to the onset of sarcopenia in sedentary animals. SUMMARY Recent clinical and preclinical studies indicate reduced abundance and dysregulated satellite cell activity that accompany muscle atrophy during periods of disuse, illness, and aging, providing evidence for their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen F. McKenna
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Christopher S. Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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Yousuf Y, Jeschke MG, Shah A, Sadri AR, Datu AK, Samei P, Amini-Nik S. The response of muscle progenitor cells to cutaneous thermal injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:234. [PMID: 29041952 PMCID: PMC5646146 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe burn results in a systemic response that leads to significant muscle wasting. It is believed that this rapid loss in muscle mass occurs due to increased protein degradation combined with reduced protein synthesis. Alterations in the microenvironment of muscle progenitor cells may partially account for this pathology. The aim of this study was to ascertain the response of muscle progenitor cells following thermal injury in mice and to enlighten the cellular cascades that contribute to the muscle wasting. METHODS C57BL/6 mice received a 20% total body surface area (TBSA) thermal injury. Gastrocnemius muscle was harvested at days 2, 7, and 14 following injury for protein and histological analysis. RESULTS We observed a decrease in myofiber cross-sectional area at 2 days post-burn. This muscle atrophy was compensated for by an increase in myofiber cross-sectional area at 7 and 14 days post-burn. Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive cells (neutrophils) increased significantly at 2 days. Moreover, through Western blot analysis of two key mediators of the proteolytic pathway, we show there is an increase in Murf1 and NF-κB 2 days post-burn. MPO-positive cells were also positive for NF-κB, suggesting that neutrophils attain NF-κB activity in the muscle. Unlike inflammatory and proteolytic pathways, the number of Pax7-positive muscle progenitor cells decreased significantly 2 days post-burn. This was followed by a recovery in the number of Pax7-positive cells at 7 and 14 days, suggesting proliferation of muscle progenitors that accompanied regrowth. CONCLUSION Our data show a biphasic response in the muscles of mice exposed to burn injury, with phenotypic characteristics of muscle atrophy at 2 days while compensation was observed later with a change in Pax7-positive muscle progenitor cells. Targeting muscle progenitors may be of therapeutic benefit in muscle wasting observed after burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusef Yousuf
- Institute of Medicine Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook's Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care (TECC) Program, Ross Tilley Burn Centre, M7-161, Lab: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3 M5, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Institute of Medicine Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook's Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care (TECC) Program, Ross Tilley Burn Centre, M7-161, Lab: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3 M5, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ahmed Shah
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook's Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care (TECC) Program, Ross Tilley Burn Centre, M7-161, Lab: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3 M5, Canada
| | - Ali-Reza Sadri
- Institute of Medicine Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook's Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care (TECC) Program, Ross Tilley Burn Centre, M7-161, Lab: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3 M5, Canada
| | - Andrea-Kaye Datu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook's Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care (TECC) Program, Ross Tilley Burn Centre, M7-161, Lab: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3 M5, Canada
| | - Pantea Samei
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook's Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care (TECC) Program, Ross Tilley Burn Centre, M7-161, Lab: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3 M5, Canada
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook's Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care (TECC) Program, Ross Tilley Burn Centre, M7-161, Lab: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3 M5, Canada. .,Laboratory in Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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The P50 Research Center in Perioperative Sciences: How the investment by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences in team science has reduced postburn mortality. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 83:532-542. [PMID: 28697015 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the inception of the P50 Research Center in Injury and Peri-operative Sciences (RCIPS) funding mechanism, the National Institute of General Medical Sciences has supported a team approach to science. Many advances in critical care, particularly burns, have been driven by RCIPS teams. In fact, burns that were fatal in the early 1970s, prior to the inception of the P50 RCIPS program, are now routinely survived as a result of the P50-funded research. The advances in clinical care that led to the reduction in postburn death were made by optimizing resuscitation, incorporating early excision and grafting, bolstering acute care including support for inhalation injury, modulating the hypermetabolic response, augmenting the immune response, incorporating aerobic exercise, and developing antiscarring strategies. The work of the Burn RCIPS programs advanced our understanding of the pathophysiologic response to burn injury. As a result, the effects of a large burn on all organ systems have been studied, leading to the discovery of persistent dysfunction, elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms, and identification of potential therapeutic targets. Survival and subsequent patient satisfaction with quality of life have increased. In this review article, we describe the contributions of the Galveston P50 RCIPS that have changed postburn care and have considerably reduced postburn mortality.
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Fry CS, Johnson DL, Ireland ML, Noehren B. ACL injury reduces satellite cell abundance and promotes fibrogenic cell expansion within skeletal muscle. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1876-1885. [PMID: 27935172 PMCID: PMC5466509 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are associated with significant loss of strength in knee extensor muscles that persists despite physical therapy. The underlying mechanisms responsible for this protracted muscle weakness are poorly understood; however, we recently showed significant myofiber atrophy and altered muscle phenotype following ACL injury. We sought to further explore perturbations in skeletal muscle morphology and progenitor cell activity following an ACL injury. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the injured and non-injured vastus lateralis of young adults (n = 10) following ACL injury, and histochemical/immunohistochemical analyses were undertaken to determine collagen content, abundance of connective tissue fibroblasts, fibrogenic/adipogenic progenitor (FAP) cells, satellite cells, in addition to indices of muscle fiber denervation and myonuclear apoptosis. The injured limb showed elevated collagen content (p < 0.05), in addition to a greater abundance of fibroblasts and FAPs (p < 0.05) in the injured limb. Fibroblast content was correlated with increased accumulation of extracellular matrix in the injured limb as well. A higher frequency of interstitial nuclei were positive for phospho-SMAD3 in the injured limb (p < 0.05), providing some evidence for activation of a fibrogenic program through transforming growth factor β following an ACL injury. The injured limb also displayed reduced satellite cell abundance, increased fiber denervation and DNA damage associated with apoptosis (p < 0.05), indicating alterations within the muscle itself after the ligament injury. Injury of the ACL induces a myriad of negative outcomes within knee extensor muscles, which likely compromise the restorative capacity and plasticity of skeletal muscle, impeding rehabilitative efforts. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1876-1885, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Darren L. Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Mary Lloyd Ireland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Brian Noehren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,Division of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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Farup J, Torcinaro A, Madaro L. Skeletal muscle stem cell defects in burn-induced cachexia. J Physiol 2016; 594:7153-7154. [PMID: 27976402 DOI: 10.1113/jp273095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Farup
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alessio Torcinaro
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurology (IBCN), National Council of Research (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Madaro
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurology (IBCN), National Council of Research (CNR), Rome, Italy
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36
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Yu T, Deuster P, Chen Y. Role of dynamin-related protein 1-mediated mitochondrial fission in resistance of mouse C2C12 myoblasts to heat injury. J Physiol 2016; 594:7419-7433. [PMID: 27730652 PMCID: PMC5157065 DOI: 10.1113/jp272885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Understanding how skeletal muscles respond to high temperatures may help develop strategies for improving exercise tolerance and preventing heat injury. Mitochondria regulate cell survival by constantly changing their morphology through fusion and fission in response to environmental stimuli. Little is known about the involvement of mitochondrial dynamics in tolerance of skeletal muscle against heat stress. Mild heat acclimation and moderate heat shock appear to have different effects on the mitochondrial morphology and fission protein Drp1 in skeletal muscle cells. Mitochondrial integrity plays a key role in cell survival under heat stress. ABSTRACT The regulation of mitochondrial morphology is closely coupled to cell survival during stress. We examined changes in the mitochondrial morphology of mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells in response to heat acclimation and heat shock exposure. Acclimated cells showed a greater survival rate during heat shock exposure than non-acclimated cells, and were characterized by long interconnected mitochondria and reduced expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) for their mitochondrial fractions. Exposure of C2C12 muscle cells to heat shock led to apoptotic death featuring activation of caspase 3/7, release of cytochrome c and loss of cell membrane integrity. Heat shock also caused excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and production of reactive oxygen species in C2C12 cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence image analysis revealed translocation of Drp1 to mitochondria from the cytosol in C2C12 cells exposed to heat shock. Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 or Drp1 gene silencer reduced mitochondrial fragmentation and increased cell viability during exposure to heat shock. These results suggest that Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission may regulate susceptibility to heat-induced apoptosis in muscle cells and that Drp1 may serve as a target for the prevention of heat-related injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzheng Yu
- Department of Military and Emergency MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMD20814USA
| | - Patricia Deuster
- Department of Military and Emergency MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMD20814USA
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Military and Emergency MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMD20814USA
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McKenzie AI, D'Lugos AC, Saunders MJ, Gworek KD, Luden ND. Fiber Type-Specific Satellite Cell Content in Cyclists Following Heavy Training with Carbohydrate and Carbohydrate-Protein Supplementation. Front Physiol 2016; 7:550. [PMID: 27899900 PMCID: PMC5110549 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The central purpose of this study was to evaluate the fiber type-specific satellite cell and myonuclear responses of endurance-trained cyclists to a block of intensified training, when supplementing with carbohydrate (CHO) vs. carbohydrate-protein (PRO). In a crossover design, endurance-trained cyclists (n = 8) performed two consecutive training periods, once supplementing with CHO (de facto “control” condition) and the other with PRO. Each training period consisted of 10 days of intensified cycle training (ICT–120% increase in average training duration) followed by 10 days of recovery (RVT–reduced volume training; 33% volume reduction vs. normal training). Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and after ICT and again following RVT. Immunofluorescent microscopy was used to quantify SCs (Pax7+), myonuclei (DAPI+), and myosin heavy chain I (MyHC I). Data are expressed as percent change ± 90% confidence limits. The 10-day block of ICTCHO increased MyHC I SC content (35 ± 28%) and myonuclear density (16 ± 6%), which remained elevated following RVTCHO (SC = 69 ± 50% vs. PRE; Nuclei = 17 ± 15% vs. PRE). MyHC II SC and myonuclei were not different following ICTCHO, but were higher following RVTCHO (SC = +33 ± 31% vs. PRE; Nuclei = 15 ± 14% vs. PRE), indicating a delayed response compared to MyHC I fibers. The MyHC I SC pool increased following ICTPRO (37 ± 37%), but without a concomitant increase in myonuclei. There were no changes in MyHC II SC or myonuclei following ICTPRO. Collectively, these trained endurance cyclists possessed a relatively large pool of SCs that facilitated rapid (MyHC I) and delayed (MyHC II) satellite cell proliferation and myonuclear accretion under carbohydrate conditions. The current findings strengthen the growing body of evidence demonstrating alterations in satellite cell number in the absence of hypertrophy. Satellite cell pool expansion is typically viewed as an advantageous response to exercise. However, when coupled with our previous report that PRO possibly enhanced whole muscle recovery and increased MyHC I and II fiber size, the limited satellite cell/myonuclear response observed with carbohydrate-protein seem to indicate that protein supplementation may have minimized the necessity for satellite cell involvement, thereby suggesting that protein may benefit skeletal muscle during periods of heavy training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec I McKenzie
- Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Andrew C D'Lugos
- Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Michael J Saunders
- Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Keith D Gworek
- Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas D Luden
- Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University Harrisonburg, VA, USA
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