1
|
Saggese A, Barrella V, Porzio AD, Troise AD, Scaloni A, Cigliano L, Scala G, Baccigalupi L, Iossa S, Ricca E, Mazzoli A. Protective role of cells and spores of Shouchella clausii SF174 against fructose-induced gut dysfunctions in small and large intestine. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 133:109706. [PMID: 39053859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The oral administration of probiotics is nowadays recognized as a strategy to treat or prevent the consequences of unhealthy dietary habits. Here we analyze and compare the effects of the oral administration of vegetative cells or spores of Shouchella clausii SF174 in counteracting gut dysfunctions induced by 6 weeks of high fructose intake in a rat model. Gut microbiota composition, tight junction proteins, markers of inflammation and redox homeostasis were evaluated in ileum and colon in rats fed fructose rich diet and supplemented with cells or spores of Shouchella clausii SF174. Our results show that both spores and cells of SF174 were effective in preventing the fructose-induced metabolic damage to the gut, namely establishment of "leaky gut", inflammation and oxidative damage, thus preserving gut function. Our results also suggest that vegetative cells and germination-derived cells metabolize part of the ingested fructose at the ileum level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anella Saggese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Barrella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Di Porzio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Dario Troise
- National Research Council, Proteomics, Metabolomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, Portici Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- National Research Council, Proteomics, Metabolomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, Portici Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Baccigalupi
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ezio Ricca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li C, Li M, Sheng W, Zhou W, Zhang Z, Ji G, Zhang L. High dietary Fructose Drives Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease via Activating ubiquitin-specific peptidase 2/11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 Pathway in Mice. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:3480-3496. [PMID: 38993560 PMCID: PMC11234208 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.97309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver-related morbidity and mortality. Though high fructose intake is acknowledged as a metabolic hazard, its role in the etiology of MASLD requires further clarification. Here, we demonstrated that high dietary fructose drives MASLD development and promotes MASLD progression in mice, and identified Usp2 as a fructose-responsive gene in the liver. Elevated USP2 levels were detected in the hepatocytes of MASLD mice; a similar increase was observed following fructose exposure in primary hepatocytes and mouse AML12 cells. Notably, hepatocytes overexpressing USP2 presented with exaggerated lipid accumulation and metabolic inflammation when exposed to fructose. Conversely, USP2 knockdown mitigated these fructose-induced changes. Furthermore, USP2 was found to activate the C/EBPα/11β-HSD1 signaling, which further impacted the equilibrium of cortisol and cortisone in the circulation of mice. Collectively, our findings revealed the role of dietary fructose in MASLD pathogenesis and identified the USP2-mediated C/EBPα/ 11β-HSD1 signaling as a potential target for the management of MASLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rivera JC, Espinoza-Derout J, Hasan KM, Molina-Mancio J, Martínez J, Lao CJ, Lee ML, Lee DL, Wilson J, Sinha-Hikim AP, Friedman TC. Hepatic steatosis induced by nicotine plus Coca-Cola™ is prevented by nicotinamide riboside (NR). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1282231. [PMID: 38756999 PMCID: PMC11097688 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1282231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cigarettes containing nicotine (Nic) are a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We reported that Nic delivered via injections or e-cigarette vapor led to hepatic steatosis in mice fed with a high-fat diet. High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is the main sweetener in sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in the US. Increased consumption of SSBs with HFCS is associated with increased risks of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nicotinamide riboside (NR) increases mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and protects mice against hepatic steatosis. This study evaluated if Nic plus Coca-Cola™ (Coke) with HFCS can cause hepatic steatosis and that can be protected by NR. Methods C57BL/6J mice received twice daily intraperitoneal (IP) injections of Nic or saline and were given Coke (HFCS), or Coke with sugar, and NR supplementation for 10 weeks. Results Our results show that Nic+Coke caused increased caloric intake and induced hepatic steatosis, and the addition of NR prevented these changes. Western blot analysis showed lipogenesis markers were activated (increased cleavage of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 [SREBP1c] and reduction of phospho-Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase [p-ACC]) in the Nic+Coke compared to the Sal+Water group. The hepatic detrimental effects of Nic+Coke were mediated by decreased NAD+ signaling, increased oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage. NR reduced oxidative stress and prevented mitochondrial damage by restoring protein levels of Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1) signaling. Conclusion We conclude that Nic+Coke has an additive effect on producing hepatic steatosis, and NR is protective. This study suggests concern for the development of NAFLD in subjects who consume nicotine and drink SSBs with HFCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Rivera
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jorge Espinoza-Derout
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kamrul M. Hasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jocelyn Molina-Mancio
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jason Martínez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Candice J. Lao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Martin L. Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Biostatistics Department, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Desean L. Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julian Wilson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amiya P. Sinha-Hikim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Theodore C. Friedman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hargett S, Lahiri S, Kowalski GM, Corley S, Nelson ME, Lackner C, Olzomer EM, Aleksovska I, Hearn BA, Shrestha R, Janitz M, Gorrell MD, Bruce CR, Wilkins M, Hoehn KL, Byrne FL. Bile acids mediate fructose-associated liver tumour growth in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167029. [PMID: 38325224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
High fructose diets are associated with an increased risk of liver cancer. Previous studies in mice suggest increased lipogenesis is a key mechanism linking high fructose diets to liver tumour growth. However, these studies administered fructose to mice at supraphysiological levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether liver tumour growth and lipogenesis were altered in mice fed fructose at physiological levels. To test this, we injected male C57BL/6 mice with the liver carcinogen diethylnitrosamine and then fed them diets without fructose or fructose ranging from 10 to 20 % total calories. Results showed mice fed diets with ≥15 % fructose had significantly increased liver tumour numbers (2-4-fold) and total tumour burden (∼7-fold) vs mice fed no-fructose diets. However, fructose-associated tumour burden was not associated with lipogenesis. Conversely, unbiased metabolomic analyses revealed bile acids were elevated in the sera of mice fed a 15 % fructose diet vs mice fed a no-fructose diet. Using a syngeneic ectopic liver tumour model, we show that ursodeoxycholic acid, which decreases systemic bile acids, significantly reduced liver tumour growth in mice fed the 15 % fructose diet but not mice fed a no-fructose diet. These results point to a novel role for systemic bile acids in mediating liver tumour growth associated with a high fructose diet. Overall, our study shows fructose intake at or above normal human consumption (≥15 %) is associated with increased liver tumour numbers and growth and that modulating systemic bile acids inhibits fructose-associated liver tumour growth in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA
| | - Sujoy Lahiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Susan Corley
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Marin E Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Isabella Aleksovska
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Brandon A Hearn
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Riya Shrestha
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Janitz
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- Liver Enzymes in Metabolism and Inflammation Program, Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Marc Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA; School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paripati N, Nesi L, Sterrett JD, Dawud LM, Kessler LR, Lowry CA, Perez LJ, DeSipio J, Phadtare S. Gut Microbiome and Lipidome Signatures in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients from a Low-Income, Food-Desert Area: A Pilot Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2503. [PMID: 37894161 PMCID: PMC10609137 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastroenterological disorder with triggers such as fructose. We showed that our IBS patients suffering from socioeconomic challenges have a significantly high consumption of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Here, we characterize gut microbial dysbiosis and fatty acid changes, with respect to IBS, HFCS consumption, and socioeconomic factors. Fecal samples from IBS patients and healthy controls were subjected to microbiome and lipidome analyses. We assessed phylogenetic diversity and community composition of the microbiomes, and used linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), analysis of compositions of microbiomes (ANCOM) on highly co-occurring subcommunities (modules), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) on phylogenetic isometric log-ratio transformed (PhILR) taxon abundances to identify differentially abundant taxa. Based on a Procrustes randomization test, the microbiome and lipidome datasets correlated significantly (p = 0.002). Alpha diversity correlated with economic factors (p < 0.001). Multiple subsets of the phylogenetic tree were associated with HFCS consumption (p < 0.001). In IBS patients, relative abundances of potentially beneficial bacteria such as Monoglobaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae were lower (p = 0.007), and Eisenbergiella, associated with inflammatory disorders, was higher. In IBS patients, certain saturated fatty acids were higher and unsaturated fatty acids were lower (p < 0.05). Our study aims first to underscore the influence of HFCS consumption and socioeconomic factors on IBS pathophysiology, and provides new insights that inform patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Paripati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Penn Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lauren Nesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
- Department of Urology, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 4820, USA
| | - John D Sterrett
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Lamya'a M Dawud
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Lyanna R Kessler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Lark J Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Joshua DeSipio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Sangita Phadtare
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance and adipose tissue hypertrophy persist beyond the reshaping of gut microbiota in young rats fed a fructose-rich diet. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 113:109247. [PMID: 36496062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether short term fructose-rich diet induces changes in the gut microbiota as well as in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue physiology and verify whether they persist even after fructose withdrawal, young rats of 30 d of age were fed for 3 weeks a fructose-rich or control diet. At the end of the 3-weeks period, half of the rats from each group were maintained for further 3 weeks on a control diet. Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids levels (faeces and plasma) were investigated. Insulin response was evaluated at the whole-body level and both in skeletal muscle and epididymal adipose tissue, together with skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and lipid composition. In parallel, morphology and physiological status of epididymal adipose tissue was also evaluated. Reshaping of gut microbiota and increased content of short chain fatty acids was elicited by the fructose diet and abolished by switching back to control diet. On the other hand, most metabolic changes elicited by fructose-rich diet in skeletal muscle and epididymal adipose tissue persisted after switching to control diet. Increased dietary fructose intake even on a short-time basis elicits persistent changes in the physiology of metabolically relevant tissues, such as adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, through mechanisms that go well beyond the reshaping of gut microbiota. This picture delineates a harmful situation, in particular for the young populations, posed at risk of metabolic modifications that may persist in their adulthood.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sisk-Hackworth L, Kelley ST, Thackray VG. Sex, puberty, and the gut microbiome. Reproduction 2023; 165:R61-R74. [PMID: 36445259 PMCID: PMC9847487 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In brief Sex differences in the gut microbiome may impact multiple aspects of human health and disease. In this study, we review the evidence for microbial sex differences in puberty and adulthood and discuss potential mechanisms driving differentiation of the sex-specific gut microbiome. Abstract In humans, the gut microbiome is strongly implicated in numerous sex-specific physiological processes and diseases. Given this, it is important to understand how sex differentiation of the gut microbiome occurs and how these differences contribute to host health and disease. While it is commonly believed that the gut microbiome stabilizes after 3 years of age, our review of the literature found considerable evidence that the gut microbiome continues to mature during and after puberty in a sex-dependent manner. We also review the intriguing, though sparse, literature on potential mechanisms by which host sex may influence the gut microbiome, and vice versa, via sex steroids, bile acids, and the immune system. We conclude that the evidence for the existence of a sex-specific gut microbiome is strong but that there is a dearth of research on how host-microbe interactions lead to this differentiation. Finally, we discuss the types of future studies needed to understand the processes driving the maturation of sex-specific microbial communities and the interplay between gut microbiota, host sex, and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott T. Kelley
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Varykina G. Thackray
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Beauchemin ET, Hunter C, Maurice CF. Actively replicating gut bacteria identified by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) click chemistry and cell sorting. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2180317. [PMID: 36823031 PMCID: PMC9980609 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2180317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the intestinal bacterial community is well described, but recent research suggests that the metabolism of these bacteria plays a larger role in health than which species are present. One fundamental aspect of gut bacterial metabolism that remains understudied is bacterial replication. Indeed, there exist few techniques which can identify actively replicating gut bacteria. In this study, we aimed to address this gap by adapting 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) click chemistry (EdU-click), a metabolic labeling method, coupled with fluorescence-activated cell sorting and sequencing (FACS-Seq) to characterize replicating gut bacteria. We first used EdU-click with human gut bacterial isolates and show that many of them are amenable to this technique. We then optimized EdU-click and FACS-Seq for murine fecal bacteria and reveal that Prevotella UCG-001 and Ileibacterium are enriched in the replicating fraction. Finally, we labeled the actively replicating murine gut bacteria during exposure to cell wall-specific antibiotics in vitro. We show that regardless of the antibiotic used, the actively replicating bacteria largely consist of Ileibacterium, suggesting the resistance of this taxon to perturbations. Overall, we demonstrate how combining EdU-click and FACSeq can identify the actively replicating gut bacteria and their link with the composition of the whole community in both homeostatic and perturbed conditions. This technique will be instrumental in elucidating in situ bacterial replication dynamics in a variety of other ecological states, including colonization and species invasion, as well as for investigating the relationship between the replication and abundance of bacteria in complex communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eve T. Beauchemin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claire Hunter
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Corinne F. Maurice
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,CONTACT Corinne F. Maurice Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mirzaei R, Bidgoli SA, Khosrokhavar R, Shoeibi S, Ashtiani HA. Increased risk of primary ovarian insufficiency by high-fructose diet consumption: a 90-day study in female rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:7415-7426. [PMID: 36040692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is ambiguous evidence that high-fructose diet can induce toxicity in different organ systems but its endocrine disrupting effects by abnormal changes in female reproductive organs is poorly evidenced. This study aimed to address the reproductive safety of high fructose diet through clinical, biochemical, hormonal, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analysis. For this purpose, 5-6 weeks mature female Wistar rats were divided in three groups and each five animals/group exposed to standard chow + water + HFCS-55, standard chow + water + sucrose 75%w/v and standard chow + water for 90 days. Remarkable increase in most lipid profile factors and total body weights of HFCS-55 fed rats and sucrose fed rats were detected in similar pattern compared to control. At the same time, a battery of differential signs and symptoms in HFCS-fed groups including squamous metaplasia in the uterine tissue and ovarian congestion, significant increase in FSH and LH levels, meaningful decreased serum testosterone and 17β-estradiol levels, and strong androgen receptor expression in ovaries and uterine of HFCS group of animals were recorded compared to other two study groups. These thought-provoking signs and signals of fructose induced reproductive toxicity in this model emphasis the contribution of HFCS-55 to deteriorated ovarian and endometrial health and increased risk primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Mirzaei
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Arbabi Bidgoli
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roya Khosrokhavar
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, MOH&ME, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Shoeibi
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, MOH&ME, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Ahmadi Ashtiani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sindhunata DP, Meijnikman AS, Gerdes VE, Nieuwdorp M. Dietary fructose as a metabolic risk factor. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C847-C856. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00439.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, the role of the intestinal microbiota in metabolic diseases has come forward. In this regard, both composition and function of our intestinal microbiota is highly variable and influenced by multiple factors, of which diet is one of the major elements. Between 1970 and 1990 diet composition has changed and consumption of dietary sugars has increased, of which fructose intake rose by more than tenfold. This increased intake of sugars and fructose is considered as one of the major risk factors in the developments of obesity and several metabolic disturbances. In this review, we describe the association of dietary fructose intake with insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and lipid metabolism. Moreover, we will focus on the potential causality of this altered gut microbiota using fecal transplantation studies in human metabolic disease and whether fecal microbial transplant can reverse this phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniko P. Sindhunata
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham Stijn Meijnikman
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victor E.A. Gerdes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shen Y, Sun Y, Wang X, Xiao Y, Ma L, Lyu W, Zheng Z, Wang W, Li J. Liver Transcriptome and Gut Microbiome Analysis Reveals the Effects of High Fructose Corn Syrup in Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:921758. [PMID: 35845805 PMCID: PMC9280673 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.921758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a viscous mixture of glucose and fructose that is used primarily as a food additive. This article explored the effect of HFCS on lipid metabolism-expressed genes and the mouse gut microbiome. In total, ten 3-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups, including the control group, given purified water (Group C) and 30% HFCS in water (Group H) for 16 weeks. Liver and colonic content were collected for transcriptome sequencing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. HFCS significantly increased body weight, epididymal, perirenal fat weight in mice (p < 0.05), and the proportion of lipid droplets in liver tissue. The expression of the ELOVL fatty acid elongase 3 (Elovl3) gene was reduced, while Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (Pparg), fatty acid desaturase 2 (Fads2), acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 (Acot2), acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 (Acot3), acyl-CoA thioesterase 4 (Acot4), and fatty acid binding protein 2 (Fabp2) was increased in Group H. Compared with Group C, the abundance of Firmicutes was decreased in Group H, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased, and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was obviously decreased. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibaculum, Erysipelatoclostridium, and Parasutterella was increased in Group H, whereas that of Staphylococcus, Peptococcus, Parabacteroides, Donghicola, and Turicibacter was reduced in Group H. Pparg, Acot2, Acot3, and Scd1 were positively correlated with Erysipelatoclostridium and negatively correlated with Parabacteroides, Staphylococcus, and Turicibacter. Bifidobacterium was negatively correlated with Elovl3. Overall, HFCS affects body lipid metabolism by affecting the expression of lipid metabolism genes in the liver through the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangying Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingping Xiao
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Ma
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Lyu
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zibin Zheng
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Melatonin Alleviates PM 2.5-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in ApoE -/- Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8688643. [PMID: 35720187 PMCID: PMC9200552 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8688643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with the risk of developing metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Melatonin is the main secreted product of the pineal gland and has been reported to prevent hepatic lipid metabolism disorders. However, it remains uncertain whether melatonin could protect against PM2.5-induced MAFLD. Methods and Results The purpose of our study was to investigate the mitigating effects of melatonin on hepatic fatty degeneration accelerated by PM2.5 in vivo and in vitro. Histopathological analysis and ultrastructural images showed that PM2.5 induced hepatic steatosis and lipid vacuolation in ApoE−/− mice, which could be effectively alleviated by melatonin administration. Increased ROS production and decreased expression of antioxidant enzymes were detected in the PM2.5-treated group, whereas melatonin showed recovery effects after PM2.5-induced oxidative damage in both the liver and L02 cells. Further investigation revealed that PM2.5 induced oxidative stress to activate PTP1B, which in turn had a positive feedback regulation effect on ROS release. When a PTP1B inhibitor or melatonin was administered, SP1/SREBP-1 signalling was effectively suppressed, while Nrf2/Keap1 signalling was activated in the PM2.5-treated groups. Conclusion Our study is the first to show that melatonin alleviates the disturbance of PM2.5-triggered hepatic steatosis and liver damage by regulating the ROS-mediated PTP1B and Nrf2 signalling pathways in ApoE−/− mice. These results suggest that melatonin administration might be a prospective therapy for the prevention and treatment of MAFLD associated with air pollution.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Given the worldwide epidemic of diet-related chronic diseases, evidence-based dietary recommendations are fundamentally important for health promotion. Despite the importance of the human gut microbiota for the physiological effects of diet and chronic disease etiology, national dietary guidelines around the world are just beginning to capitalize on scientific breakthroughs in the microbiome field. In this review, we discuss contemporary nutritional recommendations from a microbiome science perspective, focusing on mechanistic evidence that established host-microbe interactions as mediators of the physiological effects of diet. We apply this knowledge to inform discussions of nutrition controversies, advance innovative dietary strategies, and propose an experimental framework that integrates the microbiome into nutrition research. The congruence of key paradigms in the nutrition and microbiome disciplines validates current recommendations in dietary guidelines, and the systematic incorporation of microbiome science into nutrition research has the potential to further improve and innovate healthy eating.
Collapse
|
14
|
Effects of high fructose corn syrup on intestinal microbiota structure and obesity in mice. NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:17. [PMID: 35236837 PMCID: PMC8891263 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-022-00133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-associated health problems have raised concerns. We investigated the effects of HFCS-containing drinking water on body fat, intestinal microbiota structure of mice, and the relationships between them. HFCS drinking water significantly increased body fat content and altered the intestinal microbiome. The Christensenellaceae R-7 group negatively correlated with body weight, perirenal fat, epididymal fat, and liver fat percentage.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang S, Dang Y. Roles of gut microbiota and metabolites in overweight and obesity of children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:994930. [PMID: 36157438 PMCID: PMC9492854 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.994930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is an increasing public health problem. Pediatric overweight and obesity result from multiple factors, including genetic background, diet, and lifestyle. In addition, the gut microbiota and their metabolites play crucial roles in the progression of overweight and obesity of children. Therefore, we reviewed the roles of gut microbiota in overweight/obese children. The relationship between pediatric overweight/obesity and gut metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids, amino acids, amines, and bile acids, are also summarized. Targeting gut microbiota and metabolites might be a promising strategy for interventions aimed at reducing pediatric overweight/obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengan Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqi Dang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yanqi Dang, ,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao H, Wu M, Tang X, Li Q, Yi X, Wang S, Jia C, Wei Z, Sun X. Function of Chick Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue During the Embryonic and Posthatch Period. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684426. [PMID: 34239450 PMCID: PMC8258255 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since excess abdominal fat is one of the main problems in the broiler industry for the development of modern broiler and layer industry, the importance of subcutaneous adipose tissue has been neglected. However, chick subcutaneous adipose tissue appeared earlier than abdominal adipose tissue and more than abdominal adipose tissue. Despite a wealth of data, detailed information is lacking about the development and function of chick subcutaneous adipose tissue during the embryonic and posthatch period. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to determine the developmental changes of adipocyte differentiation, lipid synthesis, lipolysis, fatty acid β-oxidation, and lipid contents from E12 to D9.5. The results showed that subcutaneous adipose tissue was another important energy supply tissue during the posthatch period. In this stage, the mitochondrial copy number and fatty acid β-oxidation level significantly increased. It revealed that chick subcutaneous adipose tissue not only has the function of energy supply by lipidolysis but also performs the same function as brown adipose tissue to some extent, despite that the brown adipose tissue does not exist in birds. In addition, this finding improved the theory of energy supply in the embryonic and posthatch period and might provide theoretical basis on physiological characteristics of lipid metabolism in chicks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Mingli Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaohua Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Cunling Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zehui Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hattori H, Hanai Y, Oshima Y, Kataoka H, Eto N. Excessive Intake of High-Fructose Corn Syrup Drinks Induces Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050541. [PMID: 34066196 PMCID: PMC8150719 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with diabetes was approximately 463 million worldwide in 2019, with almost 57.6% of this population concentrated in Asia. Asians often develop type 2 diabetes (T2D), even if they are underweight and consume a smaller amount of food. Soft drinks contain large amounts of sweeteners, such as high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Excessive intake of HFCS drinks is considered to be one of the causes of T2D. In the present study, we investigated the effect of excessive consumption of HFCS-water on glucose tolerance and obesity under conditions of controlled caloric intake using a mouse model. Three-week-old male ICR mice were divided into two groups and given free access to 10% HFCS-water or deionized water. The caloric intake was adjusted to be the same in both groups using a standard rodent diet. The excess HFCS-water intake did not lead to obesity, but led to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) due to insulin-secretion defect. It affected glucose and fructose metabolism; for example, it decreased the expression of glucokinases, ketohexokinase, and glucose transporter 2 in the pancreas. These results suggest that excessive consumption of HFCS drinks, such as soft drinks, without a proper diet, induces nonobese IGT due to insulin-secretion defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Hattori
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (N.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-985-58-7255
| | - Yuma Hanai
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (N.E.)
| | - Yuto Oshima
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (N.E.)
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan;
| | - Nozomu Eto
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (N.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mazzoli A, Gatto C, Crescenzo R, Cigliano L, Iossa S. Prolonged Changes in Hepatic Mitochondrial Activity and Insulin Sensitivity by High Fructose Intake in Adolescent Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041370. [PMID: 33921866 PMCID: PMC8073121 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence of damage induced by unhealthy diets during youth has been little addressed. Therefore, we investigated the impact of a short-term fructose-rich diet on liver metabolic activity in adolescent rats and the putative persistence of alterations after removing fructose from the diet. Adolescent rats were fed a fructose-rich diet for three weeks and then switched to a control diet for further three weeks. Body composition and energy balance were not affected by fructose-rich diet, while increased body lipids and lipid gain were found after the rescue period. Switching to a control diet reversed the upregulation of plasma fructose, uric acid, lipocalin, and haptoglobin, while plasma triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, lipopolysaccharide, and tumor necrosis factor alpha remained higher. Hepatic steatosis and ceramide were increased by fructose-rich diet, but reversed by returning to a control diet, while altered hepatic response to insulin persisted. Liver fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activities were upregulated by fructose-rich diet, and SCD activity remained higher after returning to the control diet. Fructose-induced upregulation of complex II-driven mitochondrial respiration, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α also persisted after switching to control diet. In conclusion, our results show prolonged fructose-induced dysregulation of liver metabolic activity.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang C. Sex-specific metabolic changes induced by high fructose corn syrup during adolescence: novel evidence from metabolomic and microbiome analyses in mice. J Physiol 2021; 599:2143-2144. [PMID: 33595107 DOI: 10.1113/jp281388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Wang
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|