1
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Benn KW, Yuan PH, Chong HK, Stylii SS, Luwor RB, French CR. hERG channel agonist NS1643 strongly inhibits invasive astrocytoma cell line SMA-560. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309438. [PMID: 39240809 PMCID: PMC11379238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are highly malignant brain tumours that remain refractory to treatment. Treatment is typically surgical intervention followed by concomitant temozolomide and radiotherapy; however patient prognosis remains poor. Voltage gated ion channels have emerged as novel targets in cancer therapy and inhibition of a potassium selective subtype (hERG, Kv11.1) has demonstrated antitumour activity. Unfortunately blockade of hERG has been limited by cardiotoxicity, however hERG channel agonists have produced similar chemotherapeutic benefit without significant side effects. In this study, electrophysiological recordings suggest the presence of hERG channels in the anaplastic astrocytoma cell line SMA-560, and treatment with the hERG channel agonist NS1643, resulted in a significant reduction in the proliferation of SMA-560 cells. In addition, NS1643 treatment also resulted in a reduction of the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and SMA-560 cell migration. When combined with temozolomide, an additive impact was observed, suggesting that NS1643 may be a suitable adjuvant to temozolomide and limit the invasiveness of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran W Benn
- Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick H Yuan
- Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harvey K Chong
- Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylii
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher R French
- Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Xin P, Xu L, Dong W, Mao L, Guo J, Bi J, Zhang S, Pei Y, Chen CP. Synthetic K + Channels Constructed by Rebuilding the Core Modules of Natural K + Channels in an Artificial System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217859. [PMID: 36583482 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Different types of natural K+ channels share similar core modules and cation permeability characteristics. In this study, we have developed novel artificial K+ channels by rebuilding the core modules of natural K+ channels in artificial systems. All the channels displayed high selectivity for K+ over Na+ and exhibited a selectivity sequence of K+ ≈Rb+ during the transport process, which is highly consistent with the cation permeability characteristics of natural K+ channels. More importantly, these artificial channels could be efficiently inserted into cell membranes and mediate the transmembrane transport of K+ , disrupting the cellular K+ homeostasis and eventually triggering the apoptosis of cells. These findings demonstrate that, by rebuilding the core modules of natural K+ channels in artificial systems, the structures, transport behaviors, and physiological functions of natural K+ channels can be mimicked in synthetic channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyang Xin
- Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA (National Medical Products Administration) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Linqi Xu
- Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA (National Medical Products Administration) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Wenpei Dong
- Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA (National Medical Products Administration) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Linlin Mao
- Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA (National Medical Products Administration) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Engineering Research Centre of Applied Technology on Machine Translation and Artificial Intelligence, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Jingjing Bi
- Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA (National Medical Products Administration) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Shouwei Zhang
- Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA (National Medical Products Administration) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yan Pei
- Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA (National Medical Products Administration) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Chang-Po Chen
- Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA (National Medical Products Administration) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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3
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Brito BE, García MA, De Gouveia YM, Bolaños P, Devis S, Bernal G, Tortorici-Brito VA, Baute L, Díaz-Serrano G, Tortorici V. Concomitant Antihyperalgesic and Antitumor Effects of Gabapentin in a Murine Cancer Pain Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189671. [PMID: 34575835 PMCID: PMC8471802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer pain may be the consequence of physical nerve compression by a growing tumor. We employed a murine model to study whether gabapentin was able to regulate tumor growth, in addition to controlling hyperalgesic symptoms. A fluorescent melanoma cell line (B16-BL6/Zs green) was inoculated into the proximity of the sciatic nerve in male C57BL/6 mice. The tumor gradually compressed the nerve, causing hypersensitivity. Tumor growth was characterized via in vivo imaging techniques. Every other day, gabapentin (100 mg/Kg) or saline was IP administered to each animal. In the therapeutic protocol, gabapentin was administered once the tumor had induced increased nociception. In the preventive protocol, gabapentin was administered before the appearance of the positive signs. Additionally, in vitro experiments were performed to determine gabapentin's effects on cell-line proliferation, the secretion of the chemokine CCL2, and calcium influx. In the therapeutically treated animals, baseline responses to noxious stimuli were recovered, and tumors were significantly reduced. Similarly, gabapentin reduced tumor growth during the preventive treatment, but a relapse was noticed when the administration stopped. Gabapentin also inhibited cell proliferation, the secretion of CCL2, and calcium influx. These results suggest that gabapentin might represent a multivalent strategy to control cancer-associated events in painful tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Elena Brito
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (B.E.B.); (M.A.G.); (Y.M.D.G.); (G.B.); (V.A.T.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - María Alejandra García
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (B.E.B.); (M.A.G.); (Y.M.D.G.); (G.B.); (V.A.T.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - Yetsenia María De Gouveia
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (B.E.B.); (M.A.G.); (Y.M.D.G.); (G.B.); (V.A.T.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - Pura Bolaños
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela;
| | - Sindy Devis
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (S.D.); (G.D.-S.)
| | - Geraldinee Bernal
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (B.E.B.); (M.A.G.); (Y.M.D.G.); (G.B.); (V.A.T.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - Víctor Alejandro Tortorici-Brito
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (B.E.B.); (M.A.G.); (Y.M.D.G.); (G.B.); (V.A.T.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - Leslie Baute
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (B.E.B.); (M.A.G.); (Y.M.D.G.); (G.B.); (V.A.T.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - Gabriel Díaz-Serrano
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (S.D.); (G.D.-S.)
| | - Víctor Tortorici
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (S.D.); (G.D.-S.)
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Ciencias del Comportamiento, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Metropolitana (UNIMET), Caracas 1073, Venezuela
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +58-(212)-240-3788
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4
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Shiozaki A, Konishi T, Kosuga T, Kudou M, Kurashima K, Inoue H, Shoda K, Arita T, Konishi H, Morimura R, Komatsu S, Ikoma H, Toma A, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Otsuji E. Roles of voltage‑gated potassium channels in the maintenance of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:76. [PMID: 34414448 PMCID: PMC8425586 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeting of membrane proteins that are activated in cancer stem cells (CSCs) represents one of the key recent strategies in cancer therapy. The present study analyzed ion channel expression profiles and functions in pancreatic CSCs (PCSCs). Cells strongly expressing aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1) were isolated from the human pancreatic PK59 cell line using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and PCSCs were identified based on tumorsphere formation. Microarray analysis was performed to investigate the gene expression profiles in PCSCs. ALDH1A1 messenger RNA levels were higher in PCSCs compared with non-PCSCs. PCSCs were resistant to 5-fluorouracil and capable of redifferentiation. The results of the microarray analysis revealed that gene expression related to ion channels, including voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv), was upregulated in PCSCs compared with non-PCSCs. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), a potent Kv inhibitor, exhibited greater cytotoxicity in PCSCs compared with non-PCSCs. In a xenograft model in nude mice, tumor volumes were significantly lower in mice inoculated with PK59 cells pre-treated with 4-AP compared with those in mice injected with non-treated cells. The present results identified a role of Kv in the persistence of PCSCs and suggested that the Kv inhibitor 4-AP may have potential as a therapeutic agent for pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Tomoki Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Kento Kurashima
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Ryo Morimura
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ikoma
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toma
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
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5
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Abstract
Neoplastic transformation is reportedly associated with alterations of the potassium transport across plasma and intracellular membranes. These alterations have been identified as crucial elements of the tumourigenic reprogramming of cells. Potassium channels may contribute to cancer initiation, malignant progression and therapy resistance of tumour cells. The book chapter focusses on (oncogenic) potassium channels frequently upregulated in different tumour entities, upstream and downstream signalling of these channels, their contribution to the maintenance of cancer stemness and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. In addition, their role in adaptation to tumour hypoxia, metabolic reprogramming, as well as tumour spreading and metastasis is discussed. Finally, we discuss how (oncogenic) potassium channels may confer treatment resistance of tumours against radiation and chemotherapy and thus might be harnessed for new therapy strategies, for instance, by repurposing approved drugs known to target potassium channels.
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6
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Hofschröer V, Najder K, Rugi M, Bouazzi R, Cozzolino M, Arcangeli A, Panyi G, Schwab A. Ion Channels Orchestrate Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:586599. [PMID: 33841132 PMCID: PMC8025202 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.586599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease with a dismal prognosis. Therapeutic interventions are largely ineffective. A better understanding of the pathophysiology is required. Ion channels contribute substantially to the "hallmarks of cancer." Their expression is dysregulated in cancer, and they are "misused" to drive cancer progression, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Ion channels are located in the cell membrane at the interface between the intracellular and extracellular space. They sense and modify the tumor microenvironment which in itself is a driver of PDAC aggressiveness. Ion channels detect, for example, locally altered proton and electrolyte concentrations or mechanical stimuli and transduce signals triggered by these microenvironmental cues through association with intracellular signaling cascades. While these concepts have been firmly established for other cancers, evidence has emerged only recently that ion channels are drivers of PDAC aggressiveness. Particularly, they appear to contribute to two of the characteristic PDAC features: the massive fibrosis of the tumor stroma (desmoplasia) and the efficient immune evasion. Our critical review of the literature clearly shows that there is still a remarkable lack of knowledge with respect to the contribution of ion channels to these two typical PDAC properties. Yet, we can draw parallels from ion channel research in other fibrotic and inflammatory diseases. Evidence is accumulating that pancreatic stellate cells express the same "profibrotic" ion channels. Similarly, it is at least in part known which major ion channels are expressed in those innate and adaptive immune cells that populate the PDAC microenvironment. We explore potential therapeutic avenues derived thereof. Since drugs targeting PDAC-relevant ion channels are already in clinical use, we propose to repurpose those in PDAC. The quest for ion channel targets is both motivated and complicated by the fact that some of the relevant channels, for example, KCa3.1, are functionally expressed in the cancer, stroma, and immune cells. Only in vivo studies will reveal which arm of the balance we should put our weights on when developing channel-targeting PDAC therapies. The time is up to explore the efficacy of ion channel targeting in (transgenic) murine PDAC models before launching clinical trials with repurposed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Najder
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Micol Rugi
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rayhana Bouazzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Cozzolino
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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7
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Nishino M, Matsuzaki I, Musangile FY, Takahashi Y, Iwahashi Y, Warigaya K, Kinoshita Y, Kojima F, Murata SI. Measurement and visualization of cell membrane surface charge in fixed cultured cells related with cell morphology. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236373. [PMID: 32702063 PMCID: PMC7377470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of patients with malignancies relies on the results of a clinical cytological examination. To enhance the diagnostic qualities of cytological examinations, it is important to have a detailed analysis of the cell’s characteristics. There is, therefore, a need for developing a new auxiliary method for cytological diagnosis. In this study, we focused on studying the charge of the cell membrane surface of fixed cells, which is one of important cell’s characteristics. Although fixed cells lose membrane potential which is observed in living cells owing to ion dynamics, we hypothesized that fixed cells still have a cell membrane surface charge due to cell membrane components and structure. We used 5 cell lines in this study (ARO, C32TG, RT4, TK, UM-UC-14). After fixation with CytoRich Red, we measured the cell membrane surface charge of fixed cells in solution using zeta potential measurements and fixed cells on glass slides, visualizing it using antibody-labeled beads and positively-charged beads. Furthermore, we measured the cell membrane surface charge of fixed cells under different conditions, such as different solution of fixative, ion concentration, pH, and pepsin treatments. The zeta potential measurements and visualization using the beads indicated that the cell membrane surface of fixed cells was negatively charged, and also that the charge varied among fixed cells. The charge state was affected by the different treatments. Moreover, the number of cell-bound beads was small in interphase, anaphase, and apoptotic cells. We concluded that the negative cell membrane surface charge was influenced by the three-dimensional structure of proteins as well as the different types of amino acids and lipids on the cell membrane. Thus, cell surface charge visualization can be applied as a new auxiliary method for clinical cytological diagnosis. This is the first systematic report of the cell membrane surface charge of fixed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nishino
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ibu Matsuzaki
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | - Yuichi Takahashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwahashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Warigaya
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kinoshita
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Kojima
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Murata
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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8
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Sharma J, Deb B, George IA, Kapil S, Coral K, Kakkar N, Pattanaik S, Mandal AK, Mavuduru RS, Kumar P. Somatic Mutations Profile of a Young Patient With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Reveals Mutations in Genes Involved in Ion Channels. Front Oncol 2019; 9:435. [PMID: 31192134 PMCID: PMC6549525 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Urothelial carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the bladder and is primarily considered as a disease of the elderly. Studies that address bladder tumor occurrence in young age groups are rare. Case Presentation: A 19-year-old male presented with a gross total painless hematuria. A histology after biopsy revealed a high-grade transitional cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis. The patient succumbed to the disease on day 72 of the treatment. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing of a paired tumor-normal sample to identify the somatic mutations and the possible targets of treatment. Result: We predicted eight potential driver mutations (TP53 p.V157L, RB1 c.1498+1G>T, MED23 p.L1127P, CTNND1 p.S713C, NSD1 p.P2212A, MED17 p.G556V, DPYD p.Q814K, and SPEN p.S1078*). In addition, we predicted deleterious mutations in genes involved in the ion channels (CACNA1S p.E1581K, CACNG1 p.P71T, CACNG8 p.G404W, GRIN2B p.A1096T, KCNC1 p.G16V, KCNH4 p.E874K, KCNK9 p.R131S, P2RX7 p.A296D, and SCN8A p.R558H). Conclusions: Most likely, mutations in genes involved in ion channels may be responsible for the aggressive behavior of a tumor. Ion channels are the second largest class of drug targets, and may thus serve as a putative potential therapeutic target in advanced stage urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Barnali Deb
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Irene A George
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Nandita Kakkar
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Smita Pattanaik
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arup Kumar Mandal
- Department of Urology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravimohan S Mavuduru
- Department of Urology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
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9
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Xie A, Gallant B, Guo H, Gonzalez A, Clark M, Madigan A, Feng F, Chen HD, Cui Y, Dudley SC, Wan Y. Functional cardiac Na + channels are expressed in human melanoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1689-1695. [PMID: 30008854 PMCID: PMC6036419 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting membrane potential (RMP) and intracellular Ca2+ concentration [(Ca2+)i] are involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis. The present study investigated whether functional cardiac Na+ channels are expressed in human melanoma cells (WM 266-4) and its nonmalignant human melanocytes (HMC), as well as whether they participate in RMP maintenance and Ca2+ homeostasis. Confocal microscopy and western blot analysis were used to detect Na+ channels. The patch-clamp technique was employed to record Na+ currents and action potentials. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ was measured by loading Fluo-4. Cardiac (Nav1.5) Na+ channels were expressed in HMCs and WM 266-4 cells. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) dose-dependently blocked Na+ currents in WM 266-4 while HMCs had no Na+ currents. Ultraviolet light induced similar action potentials in HMCs and WM 266-4 cells, which were abolished by transient receptor potential A1 channel-specific blocker, HC-030031. Compared with HMCs, RMP was substantially depolarized in WM 266-4. TTX hyperpolarized RMP in WM 266-4 cells at a concentration of 30 µM, which facilitated Ca2+ influx. Compared with HMCs, (Ca2+)i was significantly higher in WM 266-4 cells and was elevated by 30 µM TTX. Collectively, Cardiac Na+ channels depolarize RMP and inhibit Ca2+ uptake in melanoma cells possibly contributing to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Na+ channel agonists may be developed to treat melanoma such as WM 266-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Xie
- Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University and The Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin Gallant
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Alfredo Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Matthew Clark
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Audrey Madigan
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yali Cui
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Samuel C Dudley
- Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University and The Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wan
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
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Vigneault P, Naud P, Qi X, Xiao J, Villeneuve L, Davis DR, Nattel S. Calcium-dependent potassium channels control proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Physiol 2018; 596:2359-2379. [PMID: 29574723 DOI: 10.1113/jp275388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Ex vivo proliferated c-Kit+ endogenous cardiac progenitor cells (eCPCs) obtained from mouse and human cardiac tissues have been reported to express a wide range of functional ion channels. In contrast to previous reports in cultured c-Kit+ eCPCs, we found that ion currents were minimal in freshly isolated cells. However, inclusion of free Ca2+ intracellularly revealed a prominent inwardly rectifying current identified as the intermediate conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ current (KCa3.1) Electrical function of both c-Kit+ eCPCs and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells is critically governed by KCa3.1 calcium-dependent potassium channels. Ca2+ -induced increases in KCa3.1 conductance are necessary to optimize membrane potential during Ca2+ entry. Membrane hyperpolarization due to KCa3.1 activation maintains the driving force for Ca2+ entry that activates stem cell proliferation. Cardiac disease downregulates KCa3.1 channels in resident cardiac progenitor cells. Alterations in KCa3.1 may have pathophysiological and therapeutic significance in regenerative medicine. ABSTRACT Endogenous c-Kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (eCPCs) and bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being developed for cardiac regenerative therapy, but a better understanding of their physiology is needed. Here, we addressed the unknown functional role of ion channels in freshly isolated eCPCs and expanded BM-MSCs using patch-clamp, microfluorometry and confocal microscopy. Isolated c-Kit+ eCPCs were purified from dog hearts by immunomagnetic selection. Ion currents were barely detectable in freshly isolated c-Kit+ eCPCs with buffering of intracellular calcium (Ca2+i ). Under conditions allowing free intracellular Ca2+ , freshly isolated c-Kit+ eCPCs and ex vivo proliferated BM-MSCs showed prominent voltage-independent conductances that were sensitive to intermediate-conductance K+ -channel (KCa3.1 current, IKCa3.1 ) blockers and corresponding gene (KCNN4)-expression knockdown. Depletion of Ca2+i induced membrane-potential (Vmem ) depolarization, while store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) hyperpolarized Vmem in both cell types. The hyperpolarizing SOCE effect was substantially reduced by IKCa3.1 or SOCE blockade (TRAM-34, 2-APB), and IKCa3.1 blockade (TRAM-34) or KCNN4-knockdown decreased the Ca2+ entry resulting from SOCE. IKCa3.1 suppression reduced c-Kit+ eCPC and BM-MSC proliferation, while significantly altering the profile of cyclin expression. IKCa3.1 was reduced in c-Kit+ eCPCs isolated from dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF), along with corresponding KCNN4 mRNA. Under perforated-patch conditions to maintain physiological [Ca2+ ]i , c-Kit+ eCPCs from CHF dogs had less negative resting membrane potentials (-58 ± 7 mV) versus c-Kit+ eCPCs from control dogs (-73 ± 3 mV, P < 0.05), along with slower proliferation. Our study suggests that Ca2+ -induced increases in IKCa3.1 are necessary to optimize membrane potential during the Ca2+ entry that activates progenitor cell proliferation, and that alterations in KCa3.1 may have pathophysiological and therapeutic significance in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vigneault
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrice Naud
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Qi
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jiening Xiao
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Villeneuve
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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11
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Silver BB, Nelson CM. The Bioelectric Code: Reprogramming Cancer and Aging From the Interface of Mechanical and Chemical Microenvironments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:21. [PMID: 29560350 PMCID: PMC5845671 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex, heterogeneous group of diseases that can develop through many routes. Broad treatments such as chemotherapy destroy healthy cells in addition to cancerous ones, but more refined strategies that target specific pathways are usually only effective for a limited number of cancer types. This is largely due to the multitude of physiological variables that differ between cells and their surroundings. It is therefore important to understand how nature coordinates these variables into concerted regulation of growth at the tissue scale. The cellular microenvironment might then be manipulated to drive cells toward a desired outcome at the tissue level. One unexpected parameter, cellular membrane voltage (Vm), has been documented to exert control over cellular behavior both in culture and in vivo. Manipulating this fundamental cellular property influences a remarkable array of organism-wide patterning events, producing striking outcomes in both tumorigenesis as well as regeneration. These studies suggest that Vm is not only a key intrinsic cellular property, but also an integral part of the microenvironment that acts in both space and time to guide cellular behavior. As a result, there is considerable interest in manipulating Vm both to treat cancer as well as to regenerate organs damaged or deteriorated during aging. However, such manipulations have produced conflicting outcomes experimentally, which poses a substantial barrier to understanding the fundamentals of bioelectrical reprogramming. Here, we summarize these inconsistencies and discuss how the mechanical microenvironment may impact bioelectric regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B. Silver
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Celeste M. Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
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12
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Zhang Y, Feng Y, Chen L, Zhu J. Effects of Intermediate-Conductance Ca(2+)-Activated K(+) Channels on Human Endometrial Carcinoma Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 72:515-25. [PMID: 25608633 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (KCa3.1) channels on the cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in endometrial cancer (EC) cells. Human EC cell lines HEC-1-A and Ishikawa were cultured in vitro and transfected with recombinant plasmid containing KCa3.1-targeting shRNA. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to examine the mRNA and protein expression levels of KCa3.1 channels in transfected cells. In addition, the specific inhibitor of KCa3.1, TRAM-34, was used to examine the effect of KCa3.1 blockage on migration capacity and invasiveness of EC cells using transwell assay. Proliferation and apoptotic rates of EC cells transfected with KCa3.1 shRNA or treated with TRAM-34 were analyzed using MTT, BrdU incorporation assay, and flow cytometry. Expression of cell cycle proteins and metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. TRAM-34 treatment and KCa3.1 silencing using shRNA dramatically suppressed both the mRNA and protein expression of KCa3.1 channels (P < 0.01) compared with control groups. Blockage of KCa3.1 by TRAM-34 treatment and KCa3.1 shRNA transfection exerted inhibitory effect on cell growth of both EC cell lines, as demonstrated by increased cell population at G0-G1 phase and decreased cell population at S phase. However, both the treatments did not result in significant changes in the apoptotic rate (P > 0.05) compared to controls. Protein expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E, and survivin were significantly decreased in the experimental groups comparing to control. We showed that TRAM-34 treatment led to significantly inhibited migration, invasion, and MMP-2 expression in HEC-1-A and Ishikawa cells, compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Blockage of KCa3.1 channel activity or expression inhibits cell proliferation and cell cycle progression without inducing apoptosis in EC cells. Moreover, TRAM-34 could reduce the ability of EC cells to migrate and invade, which might be related to reduced expression of MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Youji Feng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 38 Guangji Road, Hangzhou, 310022, China
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Abstract
Significant progress has been made in identifying physiologically important growth fac tors, receptors, and signal transduction pathways involved in the control of normal and malignant cell proliferation. More recent studies suggest that changes in the proliferative state of a cell are coupled to specific changes in membrane properties, which suggests that there are links between ion channel activity and cell proliferation in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Changes in ion channel expression may be necessary to permit cell cycle progression and, ultimately, cell proliferation. The potential mechanisms in volved in the translation of ion channel activity into changes in gene expression are discussed. NEUROSCIENTIST 5:70-73, 1999
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Abstract
This review compares the biological and physiological function of Sigma receptors [σRs] and their potential therapeutic roles. Sigma receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and across multiple peripheral tissues. σRs consist of sigma receptor one (σ1R) and sigma receptor two (σ2R) and are expressed in numerous regions of the brain. The sigma receptor was originally proposed as a subtype of opioid receptors and was suggested to contribute to the delusions and psychoses induced by benzomorphans such as SKF-10047 and pentazocine. Later studies confirmed that σRs are non-opioid receptors (not an µ opioid receptor) and play a more diverse role in intracellular signaling, apoptosis and metabolic regulation. σ1Rs are intracellular receptors acting as chaperone proteins that modulate Ca2+ signaling through the IP3 receptor. They dynamically translocate inside cells, hence are transmembrane proteins. The σ1R receptor, at the mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane, is responsible for mitochondrial metabolic regulation and promotes mitochondrial energy depletion and apoptosis. Studies have demonstrated that they play a role as a modulator of ion channels (K+ channels; N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors [NMDAR]; inositol 1,3,5 triphosphate receptors) and regulate lipid transport and metabolism, neuritogenesis, cellular differentiation and myelination in the brain. σ1R modulation of Ca2+ release, modulation of cardiac myocyte contractility and may have links to G-proteins. It has been proposed that σ1Rs are intracellular signal transduction amplifiers. This review of the literature examines the mechanism of action of the σRs, their interaction with neurotransmitters, pharmacology, location and adverse effects mediated through them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Rousseaux
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada and
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15
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Rabjerg M, Oliván-Viguera A, Hansen LK, Jensen L, Sevelsted-Møller L, Walter S, Jensen BL, Marcussen N, Köhler R. High expression of KCa3.1 in patients with clear cell renal carcinoma predicts high metastatic risk and poor survival. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122992. [PMID: 25848765 PMCID: PMC4388734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ca2+-activated K+ channels have been implicated in cancer cell growth, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis. Here we hypothesized that high mRNA and protein expression of the intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, KCa3.1, is a molecular marker of clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) and metastatic potential and survival. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed channel expression by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and patch-clamp in ccRCC and benign oncocytoma specimens, in primary ccRCC and oncocytoma cell lines, as well as in two ccRCC cell lines (Caki-1 and Caki-2). CcRCC specimens contained 12-fold higher mRNA levels of KCa3.1 than oncocytoma specimens. The large-conductance channel, KCa1.1, was 3-fold more highly expressed in ccRCC than in oncocytoma. KCa3.1 mRNA expression in ccRCC was 2-fold higher than in the healthy cortex of the same kidney. Disease specific survival trended towards reduction in the subgroup of high-KCa3.1-expressing tumors (p<0.08 vs. low-KCa3.1-expressing tumors). Progression-free survival (time to metastasis/recurrence) was reduced significantly in the subgroup of high-KCa3.1-expressing tumors (p<0.02, vs. low-KCa3.1-expressing tumors). Immunohistochemistry revealed high protein expression of KCa3.1 in tumor vessels of ccRCC and oncocytoma and in a subset of ccRCC cells. Oncocytoma cells were devoid of KCa3.1 protein. In a primary ccRCC cell line and Caki-1/2-ccRCC cells, we found KCa3.1-protein as well as TRAM-34-sensitive KCa3.1-currents in a subset of cells. Furthermore, Caki-1/2-ccRCC cells displayed functional Paxilline-sensitive KCa1.1 currents. Neither KCa3.1 nor KCa1.1 were found in a primary oncocytoma cell line. Yet KCa-blockers, like TRAM-34 (KCa3.1) and Paxilline (KCa1.1), had no appreciable effects on Caki-1 proliferation in-vitro. Conclusions/Significance Our study demonstrated expression of KCa3.1 in ccRCC but not in benign oncocytoma. Moreover, high KCa3.1-mRNA expression levels were indicative of low disease specific survival of ccRCC patients, short progression-free survival, and a high metastatic potential. Therefore, KCa3.1 is of prognostic value in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj Rabjerg
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Lars Koch Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Line Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Linda Sevelsted-Møller
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Steen Walter
- Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Boye L. Jensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ralf Köhler
- Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y Desarrollo (ARAID), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Vegara-Meseguer JM, Pérez-Sánchez H, Araujo R, Martín F, Soria B. L-Type Ca(2+) Channels and SK Channels in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Their Contribution to Cell Proliferation. J Membr Biol 2015; 248:671-82. [PMID: 25666166 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are capable of both self-renewal and multilineage differentiation; thus, they can be expanded in vivo or in vitro and differentiated to produce different cell types. Despite their biological and medical interest, many physiological properties of undifferentiated mESCs, such as ion channel function, are not fully understood. Ion channels are thought to be involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this study was to characterize functional ion channels in cultured undifferentiated mESCs and their role in cell proliferation. L-type voltage-activated Ca(2+) channels sensitive to nifedipine and small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK) channels sensitive to apamin were identified. Ca(2+)-activated K(+) currents were blocked by millimolar concentrations of tetraethylammonium. The effects of Ca(2+) channel and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel blockers on the proliferation of undifferentiated mESCs were investigated by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Dihydropyridine derivatives, such as nifedipine, inhibited cell growth and BrdU incorporation into the cells, whereas apamin, which selectively blocks SK channels, had no effect on cell growth. These results demonstrate that functional voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels are present in undifferentiated mESCs. Moreover, voltage-gated L-type Ca(2+) channels, but not SK channels, might be necessary for proliferation of undifferentiated mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina M Vegara-Meseguer
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de Los Jerónimos, 30107, Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain,
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PAI VAIBHAVP, LEMIRE JOANM, CHEN YING, LIN GUFA, LEVIN MICHAEL. Local and long-range endogenous resting potential gradients antagonistically regulate apoptosis and proliferation in the embryonic CNS. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 59:327-40. [PMID: 26198142 PMCID: PMC10505512 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.150197ml] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectric signals, particularly transmembrane voltage potentials (Vmem), play an important role in large-scale patterning during embryonic development. Endogenous bioelectric gradients across tissues function as instructive factors during eye, brain, and other morphogenetic processes. An important and still poorly-understood aspect is the control of cell behaviors by the voltage states of distant cell groups. Here, experimental alteration of endogenous Vmem was induced in Xenopus laevis embryos by misexpression of well-characterized ion channel mRNAs, a strategy often used to identify functional roles of Vmem gradients during embryonic development and regeneration. Immunofluorescence analysis (for activated caspase 3 and phosphor-histone H3P) on embryonic sections was used to characterize apoptosis and proliferation. Disrupting local bioelectric signals (within the developing neural tube region) increased caspase 3 and decreased H3P in the brain, resulting in brain mispatterning. Disrupting remote (ventral, non-neural region) bioelectric signals decreased caspase 3 and highly increased H3P within the brain, with normal brain patterning. Disrupting both the local and distant bioelectric signals produced antagonistic effects on caspase 3 and H3P. Thus, two components of bioelectric signals regulate apoptosis-proliferation balance within the developing brain and spinal cord: local (developing neural tube region) and distant (ventral non-neural region). Together, the local and long-range bioelectric signals create a binary control system capable of fine-tuning apoptosis and proliferation with the brain and spinal cord to achieve correct pattern and size control. Our data suggest a roadmap for utilizing bioelectric state as a diagnostic modality and convenient intervention parameter for birth defects and degenerative disease states of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- VAIBHAV P. PAI
- Biology Department, and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - JOAN M. LEMIRE
- Biology Department, and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - YING CHEN
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - GUFA LIN
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - MICHAEL LEVIN
- Biology Department, and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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Involvement of potassium channels in the progression of cancer to a more malignant phenotype. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2477-92. [PMID: 25517985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Potassium channels are a diverse group of pore-forming transmembrane proteins that selectively facilitate potassium flow through an electrochemical gradient. They participate in the control of the membrane potential and cell excitability in addition to different cell functions such as cell volume regulation, proliferation, cell migration, angiogenesis as well as apoptosis. Because these physiological processes are essential for the correct cell function, K+ channels have been associated with a growing number of diseases including cancer. In fact, different K+ channel families such as the voltage-gated K+ channels, the ether à-go-go K+ channels, the two pore domain K+ channels and the Ca2+-activated K+ channels have been associated to tumor biology. Potassium channels have a role in neoplastic cell-cycle progression and their expression has been found abnormal in many types of tumors and cancer cells. In addition, the expression and activity of specific K+ channels have shown a significant correlation with the tumor malignancy grade. The aim of this overview is to summarize published data on K+ channels that exhibit oncogenic properties and have been linked to a more malignant cancer phenotype. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Pier DM, Shehatou GSG, Giblett S, Pullar CE, Trezise DJ, Pritchard CA, Challiss RAJ, Mitcheson JS. Long-term channel block is required to inhibit cellular transformation by human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG1) potassium channels. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:211-21. [PMID: 24830940 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG1) and the closely related human ether-à-go-go (hEAG1) channel are aberrantly expressed in a large proportion of human cancers. In the present study, we demonstrate that transfection of hERG1 into mouse fibroblasts is sufficient to induce many features characteristic of malignant transformation. An important finding of this work is that this transformation could be reversed by chronic incubation (for 2-3 weeks) with the hERG channel blocker dofetilide (100 nM), whereas more acute applications (for 1-2 days) were ineffective. The hERG1 expression resulted in a profound loss of cell contact inhibition, multiple layers of overgrowing cells, and high saturation densities. Cells also changed from fibroblast-like to a more spindle-shaped morphology, which was associated with a smaller cell size, a dramatic increase in cell polarization, a reduction in the number of actin stress fibers, and less punctate labeling of focal adhesions. Analysis of single-cell migration and scratch-wound closure clearly demonstrated that hERG1-expressing cells migrated more rapidly than vector-transfected control cells. In contrast to previous studies on hEAG1, there were no increases in rates of proliferation, or loss of growth factor dependency; however, hERG1-expressing cells were capable of substrate-independent growth. Allogeneic transplantation of hERG1-expressing cells into nude mice resulted in an increased incidence of tumors. In contrast to hEAG1, the mechanism of cellular transformation is dependent on ion conduction. Trafficking-deficient and conduction-deficient hERG1 mutants also prevented cellular transformation. These results provide evidence that hERG1 expression is sufficient to induce cellular transformation by a mechanism distinct from hEAG1. The most important conclusion of this study is that selective hERG1 channel blockers have therapeutic potential in the treatment of hERG1-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Pier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
| | - Susan Giblett
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
| | - Christine E Pullar
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
| | - Derek J Trezise
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
| | - Catrin A Pritchard
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
| | - R A John Challiss
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
| | - John S Mitcheson
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
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Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma represents the main cause of death among skin cancers. The thickness of the lesion at diagnosis is one of the most important prognostic indicators for survival, which is good for thin melanomas (≤1 mm) and worsens as thickness increases. Nevertheless, it is not rare to observe disease progression of thin melanomas or, conversely, a good outcome for those melanomas considered to be at high risk, according to the classical prognostic criteria. In the present paper, we analysed for the first time the expression of the hERG1 protein, a potassium channel frequently overexpressed and misexpressed in cancers, in cutaneous melanocytic lesions. The analysis was carried out on archival samples relative to (a) typical melanocytic nevi, (b) atypical melanocytic nevi, (c) thin (<1 mm) melanomas from patients who survived at least 10 years after surgery, (d) thick (>4 mm) melanomas from patients who died for melanoma and (e) melanoma metastases. Samples were analysed by immunohistochemistry using an hERG1-specific antibody. We showed that primary cutaneous melanomas with a thickness greater than 4 mm as well as metastatic melanoma lesions are characterized by a high level of hERG1 expression. Conversely, thin melanomas and benign melanocytic lesions (e.g. typical and atypical melanocytic nevi) express hERG1 at significantly lower levels. Although still preliminary, the data presented here enable us to consider hERG1 as a novel candidate biomarker for aggressive melanoma.
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Frejo MT, del Pino J, Lobo M, García J, Capo MA, Díaz MJ. Liver and kidney damage induced by 4-aminopyridine in a repeated dose (28 days) oral toxicity study in rats: Gene expression profile of hybrid cell death. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:252-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Although clotrimazole was first used against fungal infections, a body of research was later developed indicating that this drug has anticancer properties as well. The mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of mitochondrial-bound glycolytic enzymes and calmodulin, which starves cancer cells of energy. Clotrimazole and its derivatives have been shown to decrease rates of cancer cell proliferation, induce G1 phase arrest, and promote pro-apoptotic factors, which lead to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kadavakollu
- Department of Natural Sciences, Western New Mexico University, Silver City, NM, 88061, USA
| | - C Stailey
- Department of Natural Sciences, Western New Mexico University, Silver City, NM, 88061, USA
| | - C S Kunapareddy
- Department of Natural Sciences, Western New Mexico University, Silver City, NM, 88061, USA
| | - S White
- Department of Natural Sciences, Western New Mexico University, Silver City, NM, 88061, USA
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23
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Comes N, Bielanska J, Vallejo-Gracia A, Serrano-Albarrás A, Marruecos L, Gómez D, Soler C, Condom E, Ramón Y Cajal S, Hernández-Losa J, Ferreres JC, Felipe A. The voltage-dependent K(+) channels Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 in human cancer. Front Physiol 2013; 4:283. [PMID: 24133455 PMCID: PMC3794381 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-dependent K+ channels (Kv) are involved in a number of physiological processes, including immunomodulation, cell volume regulation, apoptosis as well as differentiation. Some Kv channels participate in the proliferation and migration of normal and tumor cells, contributing to metastasis. Altered expression of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 channels has been found in several types of tumors and cancer cells. In general, while the expression of Kv1.3 apparently exhibits no clear pattern, Kv1.5 is induced in many of the analyzed metastatic tissues. Interestingly, evidence indicates that Kv1.5 channel shows inversed correlation with malignancy in some gliomas and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. However, Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 are similarly remodeled in some cancers. For instance, expression of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 correlates with a certain grade of tumorigenicity in muscle sarcomas. Differential remodeling of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 expression in human cancers may indicate their role in tumor growth and their importance as potential tumor markers. However, despite of this increasing body of information, which considers Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 as emerging tumoral markers, further research must be performed to reach any conclusion. In this review, we summarize what it has been lately documented about Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 channels in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Comes
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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Ouadid-Ahidouch H, Ahidouch A. K(+) channels and cell cycle progression in tumor cells. Front Physiol 2013; 4:220. [PMID: 23970866 PMCID: PMC3747328 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
K+ ions play a major role in many cellular processes. The deregulation of K+ signaling is associated with a variety of diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, or diabetes. K+ ions are important for setting the membrane potential, the driving force for Ca2+ influx, and regulate volume of growing cells. Moreover, it is increasingly recognized that K+ channels control cell proliferation through a novel signaling mechanisms triggered and modulated independently of ion fluxes. In cancer, aberrant expression, regulation and/or sublocalization of K+ channels can alter the downstream signals that converge on the cell cycle machinery. Various K+ channels are involved in cell cycle progression and are needed only at particular stages of the cell cycle. Consistent with this idea, the expression of Eag1 and HERG channels fluctuate along the cell cycle. Despite of acquired knowledge, our understanding of K+ channels functioning in cancer cells requires further studies. These include identifying the molecular mechanisms controlling the cell cycle machinery. By understanding how K+ channels regulate cell cycle progression in cancer cells, we will gain insights into how cancer cells subvert the need for K+ signal and its downstream targets to proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology EA4667, SFR CAP-SANTE FED 4231, UFR Sciences, University of Picardie Jules Verne Amiens, France
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Yang M, Brackenbury WJ. Membrane potential and cancer progression. Front Physiol 2013; 4:185. [PMID: 23882223 PMCID: PMC3713347 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane potential (Vm), the voltage across the plasma membrane, arises because of the presence of different ion channels/transporters with specific ion selectivity and permeability. Vm is a key biophysical signal in non-excitable cells, modulating important cellular activities, such as proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, the multiplicities of various ion channels/transporters expressed on different cells are finely tuned in order to regulate the Vm. It is well-established that cancer cells possess distinct bioelectrical properties. Notably, electrophysiological analyses in many cancer cell types have revealed a depolarized Vm that favors cell proliferation. Ion channels/transporters control cell volume and migration, and emerging data also suggest that the level of Vm has functional roles in cancer cell migration. In addition, hyperpolarization is necessary for stem cell differentiation. For example, both osteogenesis and adipogenesis are hindered in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) under depolarizing conditions. Therefore, in the context of cancer, membrane depolarization might be important for the emergence and maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), giving rise to sustained tumor growth. This review aims to provide a broad understanding of the Vm as a bioelectrical signal in cancer cells by examining several key types of ion channels that contribute to its regulation. The mechanisms by which Vm regulates cancer cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation will be discussed. In the long term, Vm might be a valuable clinical marker for tumor detection with prognostic value, and could even be artificially modified in order to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Biology, University of York York, UK
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Expression and effects of modulation of the K2P potassium channels TREK-1 (KCNK2) and TREK-2 (KCNK10) in the normal human ovary and epithelial ovarian cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 15:910-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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The inhibitor of Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels TRAM-34 blocks growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via downregulation of estrogen receptor alpha mRNA and nuclear factor-kappaB. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:452-7. [PMID: 23054207 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy still demanding for novel therapeutic options. Since the ion channel inhibitor TRAM-34 (1-[(2-chlorophenyl) diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole) was shown to block growth in various cancer cells, we investigated anti-tumor effects of TRAM-34 in human HCC cell lines. We found that TRAM-34 reduced HCC cell proliferation without induction of apoptosis. This was due to a decreased mRNA expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and a reduced activation of NF-kappaB, which both are implicated in the development of HCC. Therefore, TRAM-34 might represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Hammadi M, Chopin V, Matifat F, Dhennin-Duthille I, Chasseraud M, Sevestre H, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Human ether à-gogo K+ channel 1 (hEag1) regulates MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell migration through Orai1-dependent calcium entry. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3837-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Frequent aberrant expression of the human ether à go-go (hEAG1) potassium channel in head and neck cancer: pathobiological mechanisms and clinical implications. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:1173-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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30
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Wang W, Xiao J, Adachi M, Liu Z, Zhou J. 4-aminopyridine induces apoptosis of human acute myeloid leukemia cells via increasing [Ca2+]i through P2X7 receptor pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 28:199-208. [PMID: 21865727 DOI: 10.1159/000331731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
4-AP, a voltage-gated potassium channel blocker, was identified to exert critical pro-apoptotic properties in various types of cancer cells. The present study aims to explore the effect of 4-AP on the apoptosis of human AML cells and the underlying mechanism. We found 4-AP inhibited the proliferation and induces apoptosis in both AML cell lines and primary cultured human AML cells. The apoptosis of AML cells after 4-AP treatment was further confirmed by the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and activation of caspase 3 and 9. 4-AP inhibited Kv currents in NB(4), HL-60 and THP-1 cells. Furthermore, 4-AP induced significant increment in [Ca(2+)](i), which were inhibited by KN-62, a specific blocker of P(2)X(7) receptors. KN-62 also abrogated 4-AP induced apoptosis. Knockdown of P(2)X(7) receptor by small interfering RNA blocked the effect of 4-AP. Conclusively, this study indicated that 4-AP promotes apoptosis in human AML cells via increasing [Ca(2+)](i) through P(2)X(7) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
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31
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Silva DF, Araújo IGA, Albuquerque JGF, Porto DL, Dias KLG, Cavalcante KVM, Veras RC, Nunes XP, Barbosa-Filho JM, Araújo DAM, Cruz JS, Correia NA, De Medeiros IA. Rotundifolone-induced relaxation is mediated by BK(Ca) channel activation and Ca(v) channel inactivation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 109:465-75. [PMID: 21726408 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Rotundifolone is the major constituent of the essential oil of Mentha x villosa Hudson. In preliminary studies, rotundifolone induced significant hypotensive, bradycardic and vasorelaxant effects in rats. Thus, to gain more insight into the pharmacology of rotundifolone, the aim of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanism of action involved in relaxation produced by rotundifolone. The relaxant effect was investigated in rat superior mesenteric arteries by using isometric tension measurements and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Rotundifolone relaxed phenylephrine-induced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with KCl (20 mM), charybdotoxin (10(-7) M) or tetraethylammonium (TEA 10(-3) or 3 × 10(-3) M) significantly attenuated the relaxation effect induced by rotundifolone. Additionally, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made in mesenteric smooth muscle cells and showed that rotundifolone significantly increased K(+) currents, and this effect was abolished by TEA (10(-3) M), suggesting the participation of BK(Ca) channels. Furthermore, rotundifolone inhibited the vasoconstriction induced by CaCl(2) in depolarizing nominally Ca(2+) -free medium and antagonized the contractions elicited by an L-type Ca(2+) channel agonist, S(-)-Bay K 8644 (2 × 10(-7) M), indicating that the vasodilatation involved inhibition of Ca(2+) influx through L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (Ca(v) type-L). Additionally, rotundifolone inhibited L-type Ca(2+) currents (I(Ca) L), affecting the voltage-dependent activation of I(Ca) L and steady-state inactivation. Our findings suggest that rotundifolone induces vasodilatation through two distinct but complementary mechanisms that clearly depend on the concentration range used. Rotundifolone elicits an increase in the current density of BK(Ca) channels and causes a shift in the steady-state inactivation relationship for Ca(v) type-L towards more hyperpolarized membrane potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darízy F Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica (LTF), Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, PB - Brazil.
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32
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Becchetti A. Ion channels and transporters in cancer. 1. Ion channels and cell proliferation in cancer. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C255-65. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00047.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Progress through the cell mitotic cycle requires precise timing of the intrinsic molecular steps and tight coordination with the environmental signals that maintain a cell into the proper physiological context. Because of their great functional flexibility, ion channels coordinate the upstream and downstream signals that converge on the cell cycle machinery. Both voltage- and ligand-gated channels have been implicated in the control of different cell cycle checkpoints in normal as well as neoplastic cells. Ion channels mediate the calcium signals that punctuate the mitotic process, the cell volume oscillations typical of cycling cells, and the exocytosis of autocrine or angiogenetic factors. Other functions of ion channels in proliferation are still matter of debate. These may or may not depend on ion transport, as the channel proteins can form macromolecular complexes with growth factor and cell adhesion receptors. Direct conformational coupling with the cytoplasmic regulatory proteins is also possible. Derangement or relaxed control of the above processes can promote neoplasia. Specific types of ion channels have turned out to participate in the different stages of the tumor progression, in which cell heterogeneity is increased by the selection of malignant cell clones expressing the ion channel types that better support unrestrained growth. However, a comprehensive mechanistic picture of the functional relations between ion channels and cell proliferation is yet not available, partly because of the considerable experimental challenges offered by studying these processes in living mammalian cells. No doubt, such studies will constitute one of the most fruitful research fields for the next generation of cell physiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Becchetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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Abstract
Ion channels are involved in a variety of tumors. In particular, potassium channels are expressed abnormally in many cancer types, where their pharmacologic manipulation impairs tumor progression. Since this group of molecules has been successfully targeted for decades in other therapeutic areas, there is a significant body of knowledge on the pharmacology of potassium channels. Several groups of potassium channels with defined molecular identities have been proposed as candidates for therapeutic intervention. The strategies put forward range from classical small molecule blockade to gene therapy approaches, and include the use of potassium channels as targets for adjuvant therapy. We will discuss the reasons for these proposals and explore possible future developments.
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34
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Mizejewski GJ. Mechanism of Cancer Growth Suppression of Alpha-Fetoprotein Derived Growth Inhibitory Peptides (GIP): Comparison of GIP-34 versus GIP-8 (AFPep). Updates and Prospects. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:2709-33. [PMID: 24212829 PMCID: PMC3757439 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3022709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) derived Growth Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) is a 34-amino acid segment of the full-length human AFP molecule that inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. The GIP-34 and its carboxy-terminal 8-mer segment, termed GIP-8, were found to be effective as anti-cancer therapeutic peptides against nine different human cancer types. Following the uptake of GIP-34 and GIP-8 into the cell cytoplasm, each follows slightly different signal transduction cascades en route to inhibitory pathways of tumor cell growth and proliferation. The parallel mechanisms of action of GIP-34 versus GIP-8 are demonstrated to involve interference of signaling transduction cascades that ultimately result in: (1) cell cycle S-phase/G2-phase arrest; (2) prevention of cyclin inhibitor degradation; (3) protection of p53 from inactivation by phosphorylation; and (4) blockage of K+ ion channels opened by estradiol and epidermal growth factor (EGF). The overall mechanisms of action of both peptides are discussed in light of their differing modes of cell attachment and uptake fortified by RNA microarray analysis and electrophysiologic measurements of cell membrane conductance and resistance. As a chemotherapeutic adjunct, the GIPs could potentially aid in alleviating the negative side effects of: (1) tamoxifen resistance, uterine hyperplasia/cancer, and blood clotting; (2) Herceptin antibody resistance and cardiac (arrest) arrhythmias; and (3) doxorubicin's bystander cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J. Mizejewski
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-518-486-5900; Fax: +1-518-402-5002
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Hagenfeld D, Schulz T, Ehling P, Budde T, Schumacher U, Prehm P. Depolarization of the membrane potential by hyaluronan. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:858-64. [PMID: 20665541 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The membrane potential is mainly maintained by the K(+) concentration gradient across the cell membrane between the cytosol and the extracellular matrix. Here, we show that extracellular addition of high-molecular weight hyaluronan depolarized the membrane potential of human fibroblasts, human embryonic kidney cells (HEK), and central nervous system neurons in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas digestion of cell surface hyaluronan by hyaluronidase caused hyperpolarization. This effect could not be achieved by other glycosaminoglycans or hyaluronan oligosaccharides, chondroitin sulfate, and heparin which did not affect the membrane potential. Mixtures of high-molecular weight hyaluronan and bovine serum albumin had a larger depolarization effect than expected as the sum of both individual components. The different behavior of high-molecular weight hyaluronan versus hyaluronan oligosaccharides and other glycosaminoglycans can be explained by a Donnan effect combined with a steric exclusion of other molecules from the water solvated chains of high-molecular weight hyaluronan. Depolarization of the plasma membrane by hyaluronan represents an additional pathway of signal transduction to the classical CD44 signal transduction pathway, which links the extracellular matrix to intracellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hagenfeld
- Münster University Hospital, Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Waldeyerstrasse 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Bittner S, Budde T, Wiendl H, Meuth SG. From the background to the spotlight: TASK channels in pathological conditions. Brain Pathol 2010; 20:999-1009. [PMID: 20529081 PMCID: PMC8094868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2010.00407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
TWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium channels (TASK1-3) belong to the family of two-pore domain (K(2P) ) potassium channels. Emerging knowledge about an involvement of TASK channels in cancer development, inflammation, ischemia and epilepsy puts the spotlight on a leading role of TASK channels under these conditions. TASK3 has been especially linked to cancer development. The pro-oncogenic potential of TASK3 could be shown in cell lines and in various tumor entities. Pathophysiological hallmarks in solid tumors (e.g. low pH and oxygen deprivation) regulate TASK3 channels. These conditions can also be found in (autoimmune) inflammation. Inhibition of TASK1,2,3 leads to a reduction of T cell effector function. It could be demonstrated that TASK1(-/-) mice are protected from experimental autoimmune inflammation while the same animals display increased infarct volumes after cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, TASK channels have both an anti-epileptic as well as a pro-epileptic potential. The relative contribution of these opposing influences depends on their cell type-specific expression and the conditions of the cellular environment. This indicates that TASK channels are per se neither protective nor detrimental but their functional impact depends on the "pathophysiological" scenario. Based on these findings TASK channels have evolved from "mere background" channels to key modulators in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfaelische Wilhelms‐University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology—Inflammatory disorders of the nervous system and neurooncology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology—Inflammatory disorders of the nervous system and neurooncology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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37
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Zuidema MY, Yang Y, Wang M, Kalogeris T, Liu Y, Meininger CJ, Hill MA, Davis MJ, Korthuis RJ. Antecedent hydrogen sulfide elicits an anti-inflammatory phenotype in postischemic murine small intestine: role of BK channels. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1554-67. [PMID: 20833953 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01229.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the role of calcium-activated, small (SK), intermediate (IK), and large (BK) conductance potassium channels in initiating the development of an anti-inflammatory phenotype elicited by preconditioning with an exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). Intravital microscopy was used to visualize rolling and firmly adherent leukocytes in vessels of the small intestine of mice preconditioned with NaHS (in the absence and presence of SK, IK, and BK channel inhibitors, apamin, TRAM-34, and paxilline, respectively) or SK/IK (NS-309) or BK channel activators (NS-1619) 24 h before ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). I/R induced marked increases in leukocyte rolling and adhesion, effects that were largely abolished by preconditioning with NaHS, NS-309, or NS-1619. The postischemic anti-inflammatory effects of NaHS-induced preconditioning were mitigated by BKB channel inhibitor treatment coincident with NaHS, but not by apamin or TRAM-34, 24 h before I/R. Confocal imaging and immunohistochemistry were used to demonstrate the presence of BKα subunit staining in both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells of isolated, pressurized mesenteric venules. Using patch-clamp techniques, we found that BK channels in cultured endothelial cells were activated after exposure to NaHS. Bath application of the same concentration of NaHS used in preconditioning protocols led to a rapid increase in a whole cell K(+) current; specifically, the component of K(+) current blocked by the selective BK channel antagonist iberiotoxin. The activation of BK current by NaHS could also be demonstrated in single channel recording mode where it was independent of a change in intracellular Ca(+) concentration. Our data are consistent with the concept that H(2)S induces the development of an anti-adhesive state in I/R in part mediated by a BK channel-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozow Y Zuidema
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
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Mathie A, Rees KA, El Hachmane MF, Veale EL. Trafficking of neuronal two pore domain potassium channels. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 8:276-86. [PMID: 21358977 PMCID: PMC3001220 DOI: 10.2174/157015910792246146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of two pore domain potassium (K2P) channels regulates neuronal excitability and cell firing. Post-translational regulation of K2P channel trafficking to the membrane controls the number of functional channels at the neuronal membrane affecting the functional properties of neurons. In this review, we describe the general features of K channel trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane via the Golgi apparatus then focus on established regulatory mechanisms for K2P channel trafficking. We describe the regulation of trafficking of TASK channels from the ER or their retention within the ER and consider the competing hypotheses for the roles of the chaperone proteins 14-3-3, COP1 and p11 in these processes and where these proteins bind to TASK channels. We also describe the localisation of TREK channels to particular regions of the neuronal membrane and the involvement of the TREK channel binding partners AKAP150 and Mtap2 in this localisation. We describe the roles of other K2P channel binding partners including Arf6, EFA6 and SUMO for TWIK1 channels and Vpu for TASK1 channels. Finally, we consider the potential importance of K2P channel trafficking in a number of disease states such as neuropathic pain and cancer and the protection of neurons from ischemic damage. We suggest that a better understanding of the mechanisms and regulations that underpin the trafficking of K2P channels to the plasma membrane and to localised regions therein may considerably enhance the probability of future therapeutic advances in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Mathie
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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Calcium-activated potassium channels BK and IK1 are functionally expressed in human gliomas but do not regulate cell proliferation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12304. [PMID: 20808839 PMCID: PMC2924897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are morbid brain tumors that are extremely resistant to available chemotherapy and radiology treatments. Some studies have suggested that calcium-activated potassium channels contribute to the high proliferative potential of tumor cells, including gliomas. However, other publications demonstrated no role for these channels or even assigned them antitumorogenic properties. In this work we characterized the expression and functional contribution to proliferation of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in human glioblastoma cells. Quantitative RT-PCR detected transcripts for the big conductance (BK), intermediate conductance (IK1), and small conductance (SK2) K+ channels in two glioblastoma-derived cell lines and a surgical sample of glioblastoma multiforme. Functional expression of BK and IK1 in U251 and U87 glioma cell lines and primary glioma cultures was verified using whole-cell electrophysiological recordings. Inhibitors of BK (paxilline and penitrem A) and IK1 channels (clotrimazole and TRAM-34) reduced U251 and U87 proliferation in an additive fashion, while the selective blocker of SK channels UCL1848 had no effect. However, the antiproliferative properties of BK and IK1 inhibitors were seen at concentrations that were higher than those necessary to inhibit channel activity. To verify specificity of pharmacological agents, we downregulated BK and IK1 channels in U251 cells using gene-specific siRNAs. Although siRNA knockdowns caused strong reductions in the BK and IK1 current densities, neither single nor double gene silencing significantly affected rates of proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest that Ca2+-activated K+ channels do not play a critical role in proliferation of glioma cells and that the effects of pharmacological inhibitors occur through their off-target actions.
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Menéndez ST, Rodrigo JP, Allonca E, García-Carracedo D, Alvarez-Alija G, Casado-Zapico S, Fresno MF, Rodríguez C, Suárez C, García-Pedrero JM. Expression and clinical significance of the Kv3.4 potassium channel subunit in the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. J Pathol 2010; 221:402-10. [PMID: 20593490 DOI: 10.1002/path.2722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The concept of ion channels as membrane therapeutic targets and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers has attracted growing attention. We therefore investigated the expression pattern and clinical significance of the Kv3.4 potassium channel subunit during the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). KCNC4 mRNA levels were determined by real-time RT-PCR in both HNSCC tissue specimens and derived cell lines. Kv3.4 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 84 patients with laryngeal/pharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas and 67 patients with laryngeal dysplasias. Molecular alterations were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome. Increased KCNC4 mRNA levels were found in 15 (54%) of 28 tumours, compared to the corresponding normal epithelia and varied mRNA levels were detected in 12 HNSCC-derived cell lines analysed. Increased Kv3.4 protein expression was observed in 34 (40%) of 84 carcinomas and also at early stages of HNSCC tumourigenesis. Thus, 35 (52%) of 67 laryngeal lesions displayed Kv3.4-positive staining in the dysplastic areas, whereas both stromal cells and normal adjacent epithelia exhibited negligible expression. No significant correlations were found between Kv3.4-positive expression in HNSCC and clinical data; however, Kv3.4 expression tended to diminish in advanced-stage tumours. Interestingly, patients carrying Kv3.4-positive dysplasias experienced a significantly higher laryngeal cancer incidence than did those with negative lesions (p = 0.0209). In addition, functional studies using HNSCC cells revealed that inhibition of Kv3.4 expression by siRNA leads to the inhibition of cell proliferation via selective cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase without affecting apoptosis. Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time that Kv3.4 expression is frequently increased during HNSCC tumourigenesis and correlated significantly with a higher cancer risk. Our findings support a role for Kv3.4 in malignant transformation and provide original evidence for the potential clinical utility of Kv3.4 expression as a biomarker for cancer risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Tirados Menéndez
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Sundelacruz S, Levin M, Kaplan DL. Role of membrane potential in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2009; 5:231-46. [PMID: 19562527 PMCID: PMC10467564 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-009-9080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical signaling, an integral regulator of long-term cell behavior in both excitable and non-excitable cell types, offers enormous potential for modulation of important cell functions. Of particular interest to current regenerative medicine efforts, we review several examples that support the functional role of transmembrane potential (V(mem)) in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation. Interestingly, distinct V(mem) controls are found in many cancer cell and precursor cell systems, which are known for their proliferative and differentiation capacities, respectively. Collectively, the data demonstrate that bioelectric properties can serve as markers for cell characterization and can control cell mitotic activity, cell cycle progression, and differentiation. The ability to control cell functions by modulating bioelectric properties such as V(mem) would be an invaluable tool for directing stem cell behavior toward therapeutic goals. Biophysical properties of stem cells have only recently begun to be studied and are thus in need of further characterization. Understanding the molecular and mechanistic basis of biophysical regulation will point the way toward novel ways to rationally direct cell functions, allowing us to capitalize upon the potential of biophysical signaling for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sundelacruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Jang SH, Choi C, Hong SG, Yarishkin OV, Bae YM, Kim JG, O'Grady SM, Yoon KA, Kang KS, Ryu PD, Lee SY. Silencing of Kv4.1 potassium channels inhibits cell proliferation of tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 384:180-6. [PMID: 19401188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Potassium channel activity has been shown to facilitate cell proliferation in cancer cells. In the present study, the role of Kv4.1 channels in immortal and tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells was investigated. Kv4.1 protein expression was positively correlated with tumorigenicity. Moreover, transfection with siRNAs targeting Kv4.1 mRNA suppressed proliferation of tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells. Experiments using mRNA isolated from human breast cancer tissues revealed that the level of Kv4.1 mRNA expression varied depending on the stage of the tumor. Kv4.1 protein expression increased during stages T2 and T3 compared to normal tissue. These results demonstrated that Kv4.1 plays a role in proliferation of tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells. In addition, elevated Kv4.1 expression may be useful as a diagnostic marker for staging mammary tumors and selective blockers of Kv4.1 may serve to suppress tumor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hwa Jang
- Laboratories of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Sillim-Dong Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Mello de Queiroz F, Ponte CG, Bonomo A, Vianna-Jorge R, Suarez-Kurtz G. Study of membrane potential in T lymphocytes subpopulations using flow cytometry. BMC Immunol 2008; 9:63. [PMID: 18980671 PMCID: PMC2584624 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-9-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ion channels are involved in the control of membrane potential (ψ) in a variety of cells. The maintenance of ψ in human T lymphocytes is essential for T-cell activation and was suggested to depend mostly on the voltage-gated Kv1.3 channel. Blockage of Kv1.3 inhibits cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and suppresses immune response in vivo. T lymphocytes are a heterogeneous cell population and the expression of Kv1.3 varies among cell subsets. Oxonol diBA-C4-(3) was used to determine ψ by flow cytometry. The presence of distinct T cell subsets was evaluated by immunophenotyping techniques and the contribution of Kv1.3 channels for the maintenance of ψ was investigated using selective blockers. Results The distribution of ψ in T lymphocytes varied among blood donors and did not always follow a unimodal pattern. T lymphocytes were divided into CD3+/CD45RO- and CD3+/CD45RO+ subsets, whose peak channel values of ψ were -58 ± 3.6 mV and -37 ± 4.1 mV, respectively. MgTX (specific inhibitor of Kv1.3 channels) had no significant effect in the ψ of CD3+/CD45RO- subsets but depolarized CD3+/CD45RO+ cells to -27 ± 5.1 mV. Conclusion Combination of optical methods for determination of ψ by flow cytometry with immuophenotyping techniques opens new possibilities for the study of ion channels in the biology of heterogeneous cell populations such as T lymphocyte subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Mello de Queiroz
- Molekulare Biologie Neuronaler Signale, Max-Planck-Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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Yamamura H, Ugawa S, Ueda T, Morita A, Shimada S. TRPM8 activation suppresses cellular viability in human melanoma. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 295:C296-301. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00499.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily (TRPM), which is a mammalian homologue of cell death-regulated genes in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, has potential roles in the process of the cell cycle and regulation of Ca2+signaling. Among this subfamily, TRPM8 (also known as Trp-p8) is a Ca2+-permeable channel that was originally identified as a prostate-specific gene upregulated in tumors. Here we showed that the TRPM8 channel was expressed in human melanoma G-361 cells, and activation of the channel produced sustainable Ca2+influx. The application of menthol, an agonist for TRPM8 channel, elevated cytosolic Ca2+concentration in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50value of 286 μM in melanoma cells. Menthol-induced responses were significantly abolished by the removal of external Ca2+. Moreover, inward currents at a holding potential of −60 mV in melanoma cells were markedly potentiated by the addition of 300 μM menthol. The most striking finding was that the viability of melanoma cells was dose-dependently depressed in the presence of menthol. These results reveal that a functional TRPM8 protein is expressed in human melanoma cells to involve the mechanism underlying tumor progression via the Ca2+handling pathway, providing us with a novel target of drug development for malignant melanoma.
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Xu YC, Leung GPH, Wong PYD, Vanhoutte PM, Man RYK. Kaempferol stimulates large conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (BKCa) channels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via a cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:1247-53. [PMID: 18493242 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Kaempferol has been shown to possess a vasodilator effect but its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, experiments were carried out to study the effect of kaempferol on K+ channels in endothelial cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH K+ channel activities in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were studied by conventional whole cell and cell-attached patch-clamp electrophysiology. KEY RESULTS Kaempferol stimulated an outward-rectifying current in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 value of 2.5+/-0.02 microM. This kaempferol-induced current was abolished by large conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (BKCa) channel blockers, such as iberiotoxin (IbTX) and charybdotoxin (ChTX), whereas the small conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (SKCa) channel blocker, apamin, and the voltage-dependent K+ (KV) channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine, had no effect. Cell-attached patches demonstrated that kaempferol increased the open probability of BkCa channels in HUVECs. Clamping intracellular Ca2+ did not prevent kaempferol-induced increases in outward current. In addition, the kaempferol-induced current was diminished by the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536, the cAMP antagonist Rp-8-Br-cAMP and the PKA inhibitor KT5720, but was not affected by the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ, the cGMP antagonist Rp-8-Br-cGMP and the PKG inhibitor KT5823. The activation of BKCa channels by kaempferol caused membrane hyperpolarization of HUVECs. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results demonstrate that kaempferol activates the opening of BKCa channels in HUVECs via a cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway, resulting in membrane hyperpolarization. This mechanism may partly account for the vasodilator effects of kaempferol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Park SH, Ramachandran S, Kwon SH, Cha SD, Seo EW, Bae I, Cho C, Song DK. Upregulation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels for estrogen-mediated cell proliferation in human uterine leiomyoma cells. Gynecol Endocrinol 2008; 24:250-6. [PMID: 18569028 DOI: 10.1080/09513590801893315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the expression level of ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels in smooth muscle cells in human uterine leiomyoma and the involvement of the channel in potentiating effect of estrogen on leiomyoma growth. METHODS Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR and Western blot were used for the identification and quantification of K(ATP)-channel subunits in the control myometrial and leiomyoma cells. Furthermore, we measured the K(ATP)-channel activity in enzymatically isolated single uterine smooth muscle cells by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. The estrogen-induced cell proliferation in leiomyoma was measured by the MTT assay. RESULTS The subunits of K(ATP) channels (Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR2B) were more highly expressed in leiomyoma cells than in control cells. The whole-cell currents mainly through K(ATP) channels were also greater in the leiomyoma cells. Estrogen applied in the bath solution could acutely enhance the channel activity. Estrogen-induced proliferation of the leiomyoma cells was inhibited by pretreatment with glibenclamide, a K(ATP)-channel inhibitor. CONCLUSION Estrogen may induce the proliferation of leiomyoma cells, at least in part, by activating the K(ATP) channel. Increased expression of the K(ATP) channel may be a causal factor for the high growth rate of uterine leiomyoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Park
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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Meuth SG, Herrmann AM, Ip CW, Kanyshkova T, Bittner S, Weishaupt A, Budde T, Wiendl H. The two-pore domain potassium channel TASK3 functionally impacts glioma cell death. J Neurooncol 2008; 87:263-70. [PMID: 18217213 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-008-9517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Two-pore domain K(+) channels, a recently discovered family of ion channels with a unique membrane topology, have been shown to be critically involved in cell death. We here address the functional role of TASK3 (TWIK-related acid-sensitive K(+) channel, KCNK9) in human glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Human glioma cell lines (n = 5) as well as glioma specimens (n = 5) constitutively express TASK3 mRNA and protein. The functional impact of the potassium channel on cell survival was investigated using a medium with high (25 mM) extracellular potassium over 7 days. Using flow cytometric assessment, we show that under these culture conditions 97 +/- 0.76% of all glioma cells survived. Application of the TASK channel opener isoflurane (1 vol%) resulted in a 30 +/- 4% reduction of cell survival in different glioma cell lines. Simultaneous application of isoflurane and the TASK channel blockers bupivacaine (20 microM) and spermine (500 microM) completely reversed this effect. Our results demonstrate the expression of TASK3 in glioma cells in vitro and in vivo and provide a direct link between the TASK3 channel function and glioma cell survival. This implies that TASK3 channels may possibly represent a novel molecular target for the treatment of this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Str. 11, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany.
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Lang F, Gulbins E, Szabo I, Vereninov A, Huber SM. Ion Channels, Cell Volume, Cell Proliferation and Apoptotic Cell Death. SENSING WITH ION CHANNELS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-72739-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Yamamura H, Ugawa S, Ueda T, Shimada S. Expression analysis of the epithelial Na+ channel delta subunit in human melanoma G-361 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 366:489-92. [PMID: 18073141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.11.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer and its incidence is steadily increasing worldwide. The plasma membrane in melanoma cells possesses a variety of ion channels, so its profile is thought to lead to a novel target for medical treatment for malignant melanoma. Here we showed that human melanoma G-361 cells expressed the epithelial Na(+) channel delta subunit (ENaC delta), which is largely unknown in physiological and pathological functions in non-neuronal tissues. Expression analyses at the level of mRNA clearly revealed that ENaC delta transcript was strongly expressed in human melanoma cells using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and cell-based in situ hybridization techniques. Other ENaC subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma) were also distributed in human melanoma cells. In addition, human melanoma cells possessed an abundant expression of ENaC delta protein by immunocytochemistry. These results provide an attractive target for drug development of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular Morphology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi Mizuhocho Mizuhoku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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