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Herskind J, Ørtenblad N, Cheng AJ, Pedersen P, Overgaard K. Piperine enhances contractile force in slow- and fast-twitch muscle. J Physiol 2024; 602:2807-2822. [PMID: 38762879 DOI: 10.1113/jp285995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Piperine has been shown to bind to myosin and shift the distribution of conformational states of myosin molecules from the super-relaxed state to the disordered relaxed state. However, little is known about the implications for muscle force production and potential underlying mechanisms. Muscle contractility experiments were performed using isolated muscles and single fibres from rats and mice. The dose-response effect of piperine on muscle force was assessed at several stimulation frequencies. The potentiation of muscle force was also tested in muscles fatigued by eccentric contractions. Potential mechanisms of force potentiation were assessed by measuring Ca2+ levels during stimulation in enzymatically dissociated muscle fibres, while myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity was assessed in chemically skinned muscle fibres. Piperine caused a dose-dependent increase in low-frequency force with no effect on high-frequency force in both slow- and fast-twitch muscle, with similar relative increases in twitch force, rate of force development and relaxation rate. The potentiating effect of piperine on low-frequency force was reversible, and piperine partially recovered low-frequency force in fatigued muscle. Piperine had no effect on myoplasmic free [Ca2+] levels in mouse muscle fibres, whereas piperine substantially augmented the force response to submaximal levels of [Ca2+] in rat MyHCII fibres and MyHCI fibres along with a minor increase in maximum Ca2+-activated force. Piperine enhances low-frequency force production in both fast- and slow-twitch muscle. The effects are reversible and can counteract muscle fatigue. The primary underlying mechanism appears to be an increase in Ca2+ sensitivity. KEY POINTS: Piperine is a plant alkaloid derived from black pepper. It is known to bind to skeletal muscle myosin and enhance resting ATP turnover but its effects on contractility are not well known. We showed for the first time a piperine-induced force potentiation that was pronounced during low-frequency electrical stimulation of isolated muscles. The effect of piperine was observed in both slow and fast muscle types, was reversible, and could counteract the force decrements observed after fatiguing muscle contractions. Piperine treatment caused an increase in myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity in chemically skinned muscle fibres, while we observed no effect on intracellular Ca2+ concentrations during electrical stimulation in enzymatically dissociated muscle fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Herskind
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Arthur J Cheng
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Pedersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristian Overgaard
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Nayak AR, Rangubpit W, Will AH, Hu Y, Castro-Hartmann P, Lobo JJ, Dryden K, Lamb GD, Sompornpisut P, Samsó M. Interplay between Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ at multiple sites of the ryanodine receptor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4115. [PMID: 38750013 PMCID: PMC11096358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
RyR1 is an intracellular Ca2+ channel important in excitable cells such as neurons and muscle fibers. Ca2+ activates it at low concentrations and inhibits it at high concentrations. Mg2+ is the main physiological RyR1 inhibitor, an effect that is overridden upon activation. Despite the significance of Mg2+-mediated inhibition, the molecular-level mechanisms remain unclear. In this work we determined two cryo-EM structures of RyR1 with Mg2+ up to 2.8 Å resolution, identifying multiple Mg2+ binding sites. Mg2+ inhibits at the known Ca2+ activating site and we propose that the EF hand domain is an inhibitory divalent cation sensor. Both divalent cations bind to ATP within a crevice, contributing to the precise transmission of allosteric changes within the enormous channel protein. Notably, Mg2+ inhibits RyR1 by interacting with the gating helices as validated by molecular dynamics. This structural insight enhances our understanding of how Mg2+ inhibition is overcome during excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok R Nayak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Warin Rangubpit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alex H Will
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yifan Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pablo Castro-Hartmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- ThermoFisher Scientific, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joshua J Lobo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kelly Dryden
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Graham D Lamb
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pornthep Sompornpisut
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Montserrat Samsó
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Molecular Aspects Implicated in Dantrolene Selectivity with Respect to Ryanodine Receptor Isoforms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065409. [PMID: 36982484 PMCID: PMC10049336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dantrolene is an intra-cellularly acting skeletal muscle relaxant used for the treatment of the rare genetic disorder, malignant hyperthermia (MH). In most cases, MH susceptibility is caused by dysfunction of the skeletal ryanodine receptor (RyR1) harboring one of nearly 230 single-point MH mutations. The therapeutic effect of dantrolene is the result of a direct inhibitory action on the RyR1 channel, thus suppressing aberrant Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Despite the almost identical dantrolene-binding sequence exits in all three mammalian RyR isoforms, dantrolene appears to be an isoform-selective inhibitor. Whereas RyR1 and RyR3 channels are competent to bind dantrolene, the RyR2 channel, predominantly expressed in the heart, is unresponsive. However, a large body of evidence suggests that the RyR2 channel becomes sensitive to dantrolene-mediated inhibition under certain pathological conditions. Although a consistent picture of the dantrolene effect emerges from in vivo studies, in vitro results are often contradictory. Hence, our goal in this perspective is to provide the best possible clues to the molecular mechanism of dantrolene’s action on RyR isoforms by identifying and discussing potential sources of conflicting results, mainly coming from cell-free experiments. Moreover, we propose that, specifically in the case of the RyR2 channel, its phosphorylation could be implicated in acquiring the channel responsiveness to dantrolene inhibition, interpreting functional findings in the structural context.
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Short-Term Consumption of Hydrogen-Rich Water Enhances Power Performance and Heart Rate Recovery in Dragon Boat Athletes: Evidence from a Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095413. [PMID: 35564808 PMCID: PMC9104058 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Exercise that exceeds the body’s accustomed load can lead to oxidative stress and increased fatigue during intense training or competition, resulting in decreased athletic performance and an increased risk of injury, and the new medicinal H2 may be beneficial as an antioxidant. Therefore, we explored the effect of short-term supplementation of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on the work performance and fatigue recovery of dragon boat athletes after training. (2) Methods: Eighteen dragon boat athletes who trained for 4 h a day (2 h in the morning and 2 h in the afternoon) were divided into an HRW group (n = 9) and a placebo water (PW) group (n = 9), drinking HRW or PW for 7 days. Each participant completed 30 s rowing dynamometer tests, monitoring the heart rate at baseline (i.e., Day 1) and after the intervention (on Day 8). (3) Result: Drinking HRW increased the maximum power and average power of the 30 s rowing test and decreased the maximum heart rate during the period. After the rowing test, the HRW group’s heart rate dropped significantly after 2 min of recovery, while the PW group’s heart rate did not drop. There was no significant difference between the 30 s rowing distance and the predicted duration of rowing 500 m. (4) Conclusions: Drinking HRW in the short term can effectively improve the power performance of dragon boat athletes and is conducive to the recovery of the heart rate after exercise, indicating that HRW may be a suitable means of hydration for athletes.
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Rudayni HA, Stephenson G, Posterino GS. Measurements of basal d-glucose transport through GLUT1 across the intact plasma membrane of isolated segments from single fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibres of rat. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13789. [PMID: 35038771 PMCID: PMC9541404 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim To develop a method for direct measurement of the fluorescent d‐glucose analogue 2‐NBDG transport across the plasma membrane of single skeletal muscle fibres and derive the theoretical framework for determining the kinetic parameters for d‐glucose transport under basal conditions. Methods A novel method is described for measuring free 2‐NBDG transport across plasma membrane of single rat muscle fibres at rest. The 2‐NBDG uptake was >90% suppressed by 100 µM cytochalasin B in both fast‐twitch and slow‐twitch fibres, indicating that the 2‐NBDG transport is GLUT‐mediated. Fibres were identified as fast‐twitch or slow‐twitch based on the differential sensitivity of their contractile apparatus to Sr2+. Results The time course of 2‐NBDG uptake in the presence of 50 µM 2‐NBDG follows a one‐phase exponential plateau curve and is faster in fast‐twitch (rate constant 0.053 ± 0.0024 s‐1) than in slow‐twitch fibres (rate constant 0.031 ± 0.0021 s‐1). The rate constants were markedly reduced in the presence of 20 mM d‐glucose to 0.0082 ± 0.0004 s‐1 and 0.0056 ± 0.0002 s‐1 in fast‐twitch and slow‐twitch fibres respectively. 2‐NBDG transport was asymmetric, consistent with GLUT1 being the major functional GLUT isoform transporting 2‐NBDG in muscle fibres at rest. The parameters describing the transport kinetics for both 2‐NBDG and d‐glucose (dissociation constants, Michaelis–Menten constants, maximal rates of uptake and outflow) were calculated from the measurements made with 2‐NBDG. Conclusion Free 2‐NBDG and d‐glucose transport across the plasma membrane of single rat muscle fibres at rest is fast, conclusively showing that the rate‐limiting step in d‐glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is not necessarily the GLUT‐mediated transport of d‐glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. Rudayni
- Department of Biology College of Science Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - George Stephenson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Giuseppe S. Posterino
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Alkhudhayri A, Thagfan FA, Al-Quraishy S, Abdel-Gaber R, Dkhil MA. Assessment of the oxidative status and goblet cell response during eimeriosis and after treatment of mice with magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1234-1238. [PMID: 35197790 PMCID: PMC8847914 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium nanoparticles have been the focus of study over the past few years because of its functionality in the body. Assessment of the impact of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgNPs) on eimeriosis has yet to be conducted. The goal of this study was to see how MgNPs affected the parasite Eimeria papillata infected jejunum. To induce eimeriosis, mice were infected with sporulated oocysts. For treatment, 5 mg / Kg MgNPs was used for 5 consecutive days. The infection reduced the number of intestinal goblet cells and their associated genes MUC2 and MUC4, as well as increasing oxidative damage in the jejunum. MgNPs significantly reduced the oocyst production in the feces by about 77 %. After treatment, the number of goblet cells per villus increased from 4.17% to 7.40.6%. Moreover, the MgNPs were able to upregulate the expression of MUC2 and MUC4-mRNA. MgNPs significantly increased the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase, as well as the extent of glutathione, by day 5 after infection with the parasite. On contrary, MgNPs decreased the level of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide. The findings suggested that MgNPs could be an effective anti-eimeriosis agent due to their anti-eimerial and anti-oxidant roles, as well as the regulatory effect on the goblet cell mucin genes in the jejunum of mice.
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Spörrer M, Kah D, Gerum RC, Reischl B, Huraskin D, Dessalles CA, Schneider W, Goldmann WH, Herrmann H, Thievessen I, Clemen CS, Friedrich O, Hashemolhosseini S, Schröder R, Fabry B. The desmin mutation R349P increases contractility and fragility of stem cell-generated muscle micro-tissues. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12784. [PMID: 34850968 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Desminopathies comprise hereditary myopathies and cardiomyopathies caused by mutations in the intermediate filament protein desmin that lead to severe and often lethal degeneration of striated muscle tissue. Animal and single cell studies hinted that this degeneration process is associated with massive ultrastructural defects correlating with increased susceptibility of the muscle to acute mechanical stress. The underlying mechanism of mechanical susceptibility, and how muscle degeneration develops over time, however, has remained elusive. METHODS Here, we investigated the effect of a desmin mutation on the formation, differentiation, and contractile function of in vitro-engineered three-dimensional micro-tissues grown from muscle stem cells (satellite cells) isolated from heterozygous R349P desmin knock-in mice. RESULTS Micro-tissues grown from desmin-mutated cells exhibited spontaneous unsynchronised contractions, higher contractile forces in response to electrical stimulation, and faster force recovery compared with tissues grown from wild-type cells. Within 1 week of culture, the majority of R349P desmin-mutated tissues disintegrated, whereas wild-type tissues remained intact over at least three weeks. Moreover, under tetanic stimulation lasting less than 5 s, desmin-mutated tissues partially or completely ruptured, whereas wild-type tissues did not display signs of damage. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the progressive degeneration of desmin-mutated micro-tissues is closely linked to extracellular matrix fibre breakage associated with increased contractile forces and unevenly distributed tensile stress. This suggests that the age-related degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscle in patients suffering from desminopathies may be similarly exacerbated by mechanical damage from high-intensity muscle contractions. We conclude that micro-tissues may provide a valuable tool for studying the organization of myocytes and the pathogenic mechanisms of myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Spörrer
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Delf Kah
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Richard C Gerum
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Reischl
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Danyil Huraskin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claire A Dessalles
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Werner Schneider
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Goldmann
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Thievessen
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany.,Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, FAU, Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Said Hashemolhosseini
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, FAU, Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ben Fabry
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany
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Lilliu E, Koenig S, Koenig X, Frieden M. Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Skeletal Muscle: What Makes It Different? Cells 2021; 10:cells10092356. [PMID: 34572005 PMCID: PMC8468011 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge on store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) regarding its localization, kinetics, and regulation is mostly derived from studies performed in non-excitable cells. After a long time of relative disinterest in skeletal muscle SOCE, this mechanism is now recognized as an essential contributor to muscle physiology, as highlighted by the muscle pathologies that are associated with mutations in the SOCE molecules STIM1 and Orai1. This review mainly focuses on the peculiar aspects of skeletal muscle SOCE that differentiate it from its counterpart found in non-excitable cells. This includes questions about SOCE localization and the movement of respective proteins in the highly organized skeletal muscle fibers, as well as the diversity of expressed STIM isoforms and their differential expression between muscle fiber types. The emerging evidence of a phasic SOCE, which is activated during EC coupling, and its physiological implication is described as well. The specific issues related to the use of SOCE modulators in skeletal muscles are discussed. This review highlights the complexity of SOCE activation and its regulation in skeletal muscle, with an emphasis on the most recent findings and the aim to reach a current picture of this mesmerizing phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lilliu
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Stéphane Koenig
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Xaver Koenig
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Maud Frieden
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (M.F.)
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9
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Gejl KD, Hvid LG, Andersson EP, Jensen R, Holmberg HC, Ørtenblad N. Contractile Properties of MHC I and II Fibers From Highly Trained Arm and Leg Muscles of Cross-Country Skiers. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682943. [PMID: 34220547 PMCID: PMC8242206 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Little is known about potential differences in contractile properties of muscle fibers of the same type in arms and legs. Accordingly, the present study was designed to compare the force-generating capacity and Ca2+ sensitivity of fibers from arm and leg muscles of highly trained cross-country skiers. Method Single muscle fibers of m. vastus lateralis and m. triceps brachii of eight highly trained cross-country skiers were analyzed with respect to maximal Ca2+-activated force, specific force and Ca2+ sensitivity. Result The maximal Ca2+-activated force was greater for myosin heavy chain (MHC) II than MHC I fibers in both the arm (+62%, P < 0.001) and leg muscle (+77%, P < 0.001), with no differences between limbs for each MHC isoform. In addition, the specific force of MHC II fibers was higher than that of MHC I fibers in both arms (+41%, P = 0.002) and legs (+95%, P < 0.001). The specific force of MHC II fibers was the same in both limbs, whereas MHC I fibers from the m. triceps brachii were, on average, 39% stronger than fibers of the same type from the m. vastus lateralis (P = 0.003). pCa50 was not different between MHC I and II fibers in neither arms nor legs, but the MHC I fibers of m. triceps brachii demonstrated higher Ca2+ sensitivity than fibers of the same type from m. vastus lateralis (P = 0.007). Conclusion Comparison of muscles in limbs equally well trained revealed that MHC I fibers in the arm muscle exhibited a higher specific force-generating capacity and greater Ca2+ sensitivity than the same type of fiber in the leg, with no such difference in the case of MHC II fibers. These distinct differences in the properties of fibers of the same type in equally well-trained muscles open new perspectives in muscle physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Degn Gejl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars G Hvid
- Department of Public Health, Exercise Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erik P Andersson
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.,School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Rasmus Jensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.,Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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10
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Priya B, Mahajan V, Kumar N. Xanthene-based Fluorescence Turn-on Probe for Highly Acidic pH Range in Aqueous Solution. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:853-860. [PMID: 33768472 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A xanthene-based probe, Xanth-NPr, is developed as a molecular system that exhibits sensitivity for the highly acidic environments with fluorescence turn-on behavior. Xanth-NPr is designed on the principle of photoinduced electron transfer (PET), which controls the fluorescence profile of the probe. The structure of Xanth-NPr contains the dipropylaniline group as a PET promoting unit. Xanth-NPr exhibited quenched fluorescence as long as it is present in neutral or moderately acidic conditions. However, in the highly acidic pH range, it displayed a strong red-colored fluorescence at 592 nm as the protonation of dipropylaniline moiety inhibits the PET process. A model probe Xanth-M without any PET promoting unit was also synthesized. The model probe along with theoretical calculations was employed to explain the role of the PET process in regulating the fluorescence behavior of Xanth-NPr. Xanth-NPr showed linear fluorescence response as a function of pH in the range of 1 to 4.1 with the pKa value of 2.72. Likewise, its fluorescence profile is not altered by the presence of biologically relevant cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Priya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IKG-Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, 144603, Punjab, India
| | - Vibha Mahajan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IKG-Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, 144603, Punjab, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Sonepat, 131029, Haryana, India.
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11
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Lilliu E, Hilber K, Launikonis BS, Koenig X. Phasic Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry During Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle Fibers From Exercised Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:597647. [PMID: 33262706 PMCID: PMC7688469 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.597647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) plays a pivotal role in skeletal muscle physiology as, when impaired, the muscle is prone to early fatigue and the development of different myopathies. A chronic mode of slow SOCE activation is carried by stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium-release activated channel 1 (ORAI1) proteins. A phasic mode of fast SOCE (pSOCE) occurs upon single muscle twitches in synchrony with excitation-contraction coupling, presumably activated by a local and transient depletion at the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-stores. Both SOCE mechanisms are poorly understood. In particular, pSOCE has not been described in detail because the conditions required for its detection in mouse skeletal muscle have not been established to date. Here we report the first measurements of pSOCE in mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle fibers using electrical field stimulation (EFS) in a skinned fiber preparation. We show moderate voluntary wheel running to be a prerequisite to render muscle fibers reasonably susceptible for EFS, and thereby define an experimental paradigm to measure pSOCE in mouse muscle. Continuous monitoring of the physical activity of mice housed in cages equipped with running wheels revealed an optimal training period of 5-6 days, whereby best responsiveness to EFS negatively correlated with running distance and speed. A comparison of pSOCE kinetic data in mouse with those previously derived from rat muscle demonstrated very similar properties and suggests the existence and similar function of pSOCE across mammalian species. The new technique presented herein enables future experiments with genetically modified mouse models to define the molecular entities, presumably STIM1 and ORAI1, and the physiological role of pSOCE in health and under conditions of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lilliu
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karlheinz Hilber
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bradley S. Launikonis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xaver Koenig
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Robinson K, Culley D, Waring S, Lamb GD, Easton C, Casarotto MG, Dulhunty AF. Peptide mimetic compounds can activate or inhibit cardiac and skeletal ryanodine receptors. Life Sci 2020; 260:118234. [PMID: 32791148 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our aim was to characterise the actions of novel BIT compounds with structures based on peptides and toxins that bind to significant regulatory sites on ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ release channels. RyRs, located in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ store membranes of striated muscle, are essential for muscle contraction. Although severe sometimes-deadly myopathies occur when the channels become hyperactive following genetic or acquired changes, specific inhibitors of RyRs are rare. MAIN METHODS The effect of BIT compounds was determined by spectrophotometric analysis of Ca2+ release from isolated SR vesicles, analysis of single RyR channel activity in artificial lipid bilayers and contraction of intact and skinned skeletal muscle fibres. KEY FINDINGS The inhibitory compounds reduced: (a) Ca2+ release from SR vesicles with IC50s of 1.1-2.5 μM, competing with activation by parent peptides and toxins; (b) single RyR ion channel activity with IC50s of 0.5-1.5 μM; (c) skinned fibre contraction. In contrast, activating BIT compounds increased Ca2+ release with an IC50 of 5.0 μM and channel activity with AC50s of 2 to 12 nM and enhanced skinned fibre contraction. Sub-conductance activity dominated channel activity with both inhibitors and activators. Effects of all compounds on skeletal and cardiac RyRs were similar and reversible. Competition experiments suggest that the BIT compounds bind to the regulatory helical domains of the RyRs that impact on channel gating mechanisms through long-range allosteric interactions. SIGNIFICANCE The BIT compounds are strong modulators of RyR activity and provide structural templates for novel research tools and drugs to combat muscle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Robinson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Dane Culley
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sam Waring
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Graham D Lamb
- Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, Biochemistry and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Easton
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Marco G Casarotto
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Angela F Dulhunty
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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13
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Cully TR, Rodney GG. Nox4 - RyR1 - Nox2: Regulators of micro-domain signaling in skeletal muscle. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101557. [PMID: 32506037 PMCID: PMC7283154 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability for skeletal muscle to perform optimally can be affected by the regulation of Ca2+ within the triadic junctional space at rest. Reactive oxygen species impact muscle performance due to changes in oxidative stress, damage and redox regulation of signaling cascades. The interplay between ROS and Ca2+ signaling at the triad of skeletal muscle is therefore important to understand as it can impact the performance of healthy and diseased muscle. Here, we aimed to examine how changes in Ca2+ and redox signaling within the junctional space micro-domain of the mouse skeletal muscle fibre alters the homeostasis of these complexes. The dystrophic mdx mouse model displays increased RyR1 Ca2+ leak and increased NAD(P)H Oxidase 2 ROS. These alterations make the mdx mouse an ideal model for understanding how ROS and Ca2+ handling impact each other. We hypothesised that elevated t-tubular Nox2 ROS increases RyR1 Ca2+ leak contributing to an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+, which could then initiate protein degradation and impaired cellular functions such as autophagy and ER stress. We found that inhibiting Nox2 ROS did not decrease RyR1 Ca2+ leak observed in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle. Intriguingly, another NAD(P)H isoform, Nox4, is upregulated in mice unable to produce Nox2 ROS and when inhibited reduced RyR1 Ca2+ leak. Our findings support a model in which Nox4 ROS induces RyR1 Ca2+ leak and the increased junctional space [Ca2+] exacerbates Nox2 ROS; with the cumulative effect of disruption of downstream cellular processes that would ultimately contribute to reduced muscle or cellular performance. Nox2 ROS does not influence RyR1 Ca2+ leak in skeletal muscle. Lack of Nox2 ROS increases Nox4 expression. Nox4 ROS induces RyR1 Ca2+ leak via S-nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya R Cully
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George G Rodney
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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14
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Azimi I, Stevenson RJ, Zhang X, Meizoso-Huesca A, Xin P, Johnson M, Flanagan JU, Chalmers SB, Yoast RE, Kapure JS, Ross BP, Vetter I, Ashton MR, Launikonis BS, Denny WA, Trebak M, Monteith GR. A new selective pharmacological enhancer of the Orai1 Ca 2+ channel reveals roles for Orai1 in smooth and skeletal muscle functions. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:135-147. [PMID: 32190822 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Store operated calcium (Ca2+) entry is an important homeostatic mechanism in cells, whereby the release of Ca2+ from intracellular endoplasmic reticulum stores triggers the activation of a Ca2+ influx pathway. Mediated by Orai1, this Ca2+ influx has specific and essential roles in biological processes as diverse as lactation to immunity. Although pharmacological inhibitors of this Ca2+ influx mechanism have helped to define the role of store operated Ca2+ entry in many cellular events, the lack of isoform specific modulators and activators of Orai1 has limited our full understanding of these processes. Here we report the identification and synthesis of an Orai1 activity enhancer that concurrently potentiated Orai1 Ca2+ -dependent inactivation (CDI). This unique enhancer of Orai1 had only a modest effect on Orai3 with weak inhibitory effects at high concentrations in intact MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The Orai1 enhancer heightened vascular smooth muscle cell migration induced by platelet-derived growth factor and the unique store operated Ca2+ entry pathway present in skeletal muscle cells. These studies show that IA65 is an exemplar for the translation and development of Orai isoform selective agents. The ability of IA65 to activate CDI demonstrates that agents can be developed that can enhance Orai1-mediated Ca2+ influx but avoid the cytotoxicity associated with sustained Orai1 activation. IA65 and/or future analogues with similar Orai1 and CDI activating properties could be fine tuners of physiological processes important in specific disease states, such as cellular migration and immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Azimi
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Ralph J Stevenson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Pennsylvania State Cancer Institute. The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Aldo Meizoso-Huesca
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ping Xin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Pennsylvania State Cancer Institute. The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Martin Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Pennsylvania State Cancer Institute. The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jack U Flanagan
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Silke B Chalmers
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan E Yoast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Pennsylvania State Cancer Institute. The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jeevak S Kapure
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Ross
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia.,IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Mark R Ashton
- UniQuest Pty Ltd, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bradley S Launikonis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Pennsylvania State Cancer Institute. The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Gregory R Monteith
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4102, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Lotteau S, Ivarsson N, Yang Z, Restagno D, Colyer J, Hopkins P, Weightman A, Himori K, Yamada T, Bruton J, Steele D, Westerblad H, Calaghan S. A Mechanism for Statin-Induced Susceptibility to Myopathy. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:509-523. [PMID: 31468006 PMCID: PMC6712048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify a mechanism for statin-induced myopathy that explains its prevalence and selectivity for skeletal muscle, and to understand its interaction with moderate exercise. Statin-associated adverse muscle symptoms reduce adherence to statin therapy; this limits the effectiveness of statins in reducing cardiovascular risk. The issue is further compounded by perceived interactions between statin treatment and exercise. This study examined muscles from individuals taking statins and rats treated with statins for 4 weeks. In skeletal muscle, statin treatment caused dissociation of the stabilizing protein FK506 binding protein (FKBP12) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium (Ca2+) release channel, the ryanodine receptor 1, which was associated with pro-apoptotic signaling and reactive nitrogen species/reactive oxygen species (RNS/ROS)-dependent spontaneous SR Ca2+ release events (Ca2+ sparks). Statin treatment had no effect on Ca2+ spark frequency in cardiac myocytes. Despite potentially deleterious effects of statins on skeletal muscle, there was no impact on force production or SR Ca2+ release in electrically stimulated muscle fibers. Statin-treated rats with access to a running wheel ran further than control rats; this exercise normalized FKBP12 binding to ryanodine receptor 1, preventing the increase in Ca2+ sparks and pro-apoptotic signaling. Statin-mediated RNS/ROS-dependent destabilization of SR Ca2+ handling has the potential to initiate skeletal (but not cardiac) myopathy in susceptible individuals. Importantly, although exercise increases RNS/ROS, it did not trigger deleterious statin effects on skeletal muscle. Indeed, our results indicate that moderate exercise might benefit individuals who take statins.
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Key Words
- Ca2+, calcium
- FDB, flexor digitorum brevis
- FKBP12, FK506 binding protein (calstabin)
- GAS, gastrocnemius
- HADHA, hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase
- HMG CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A
- L-NAME, N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- PGC1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RyR, ryanodine receptor
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SR, sarcoplasmic reticulum
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- calcium leak
- exercise
- myopathy
- ryanodine receptor
- statin
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Lotteau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Niklas Ivarsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhaokang Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Damien Restagno
- VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Université de Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - John Colyer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Hopkins
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Weightman
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Koichi Himori
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Joseph Bruton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Derek Steele
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Calaghan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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16
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Effects of reduced muscle glycogen on excitation-contraction coupling in rat fast-twitch muscle: a glycogen removal study. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:353-364. [PMID: 31236763 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an enzymatic removal of glycogen on excitation-contraction coupling in mechanically skinned fibres of rat fast-twitch muscles, with a focus on the changes in the function of Na+-K+-pump and ryanodine receptor (RyR). Glycogen present in the skinned fibres and binding to microsomes was removed using glucoamylase (GA). Exposure of whole muscle to 20 U mL-1 GA for 6 min resulted in a 72% decrease in the glycogen content. Six minutes of GA treatment led to an 18 and a 22% reduction in depolarization- and action potential-induced forces in the skinned fibres, respectively. There was a minor but statistically significant increase in the repriming period, most likely because of an impairment of the Na+-K+-pump function. GA treatment exerted no effect on the maximum Ca2+ release rate from the RyR in the microsomes and the myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity in the skinned fibres. These results indicate that reduced glycogen per se can decrease muscle performance due to the impairment of SR Ca2+ release and suggest that although Na+-K+-pump function is adversely affected by reduced glycogen, the extent of the impairment is not sufficient to reduce Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This study provides direct evidence that glycogen above a certain amount is required for the preservation of the functional events preceding Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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17
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Martens H, Stumpff F. Assessment of magnesium intake according to requirement in dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1023-1029. [PMID: 31025783 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To date, no specific hormonal regulation system has been identified for homoeostatic control of the essential mineral Mg. In cattle, the maintenance of physiological plasma Mg concentration depends on gastrointestinal absorption, primarily from the rumen, which serves as a pool for covering the requirement. Whereas a possible surplus (absorption greater than requirement) is rapidly excreted by the kidneys, a shortage (absorption lower than requirement) cannot be compensated for by mobilization from the large Mg pool in bones or soft tissue, so that the maintenance of the necessary physiological Mg concentration in plasma relies on continuous and sufficient absorption. Our knowledge concerning the site and mechanisms of Mg absorption has improved during the last few decades, and meta-analyses of the absorption of Mg in dairy cows have shown that the K content has a pronounced negative effect on Mg digestibility. The current recommendations of Mg intake propose a constant percentage of Mg and emphasize the depressive effect of high potassium (K) intake on Mg absorption. The current knowledge about the antagonism between K intake and Mg absorption allows a more flexible solution which includes the K content of the diet. An assessment of Mg intake is proposed that incorporates the improved knowledge of Mg absorption, metabolism and requirement. Within this framework, an equation is derived that allows a prediction of the amount of Mg required to compensate for dietary K content, the goal being to avoid both possible undernutrition or an unnecessary surplus of dietary Mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Martens
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Stumpff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Xu X. Magnesium sulfate - An effective agent could delay the progression of fulminant malignant hyperthermia. Med Hypotheses 2019; 124:118-120. [PMID: 30798905 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a life-threatening disease that occurs during general anaesthesia following exposure to succinylcholine (SCh), a depolarizing muscle relaxant, and volatile anaesthetics. Susceptibility to MH most commonly arises from mutations in the RyR1 gene, the Ca2+ release channel of skeletal muscle. Fulminant MH (f-MH) is the most dangerous form of MH, which presents a hypermetabolic cascade state, including very high temperature and carbon dioxide production, increased heart rate and oxygen consumption, mixed acidosis, rigid muscles, and rhabdomyolysis. Dantrolene is the only specific drug therapy for MH on the market. Without dantrolene, the reported mortality of f-MH is as high as 42.3%. Based on the participation of catecholamine in the hyperhaemodynamic response of f-MH and the demonstrated effective control of catecholamine release of magnesium sulfate, combined with the fact that magnesium and calcium have opposite effects on muscle contraction, I hypothesized that magnesium sulfate could be a choice for delaying the progression of f-MH while waiting for dantrolene treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hongkong University-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China.
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19
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Christie MJ, Romano T, Murphy RM, Posterino GS. The effect of intrauterine growth restriction on Ca 2+ -activated force and contractile protein expression in the mesenteric artery of adult (6-month-old) male and female Wistar-Kyoto rats. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13954. [PMID: 30592188 PMCID: PMC6308111 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is known to alter vascular smooth muscle reactivity, but it is currently unknown whether these changes are driven by downstream events that lead to force development, specifically, Ca2+ -regulated activation of the contractile apparatus or a shift in contractile protein content. This study investigated the effects of IUGR on Ca2+ -activated force production, contractile protein expression, and a potential phenotypic switch in the resistance mesenteric artery of both male and female Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats following two different growth restriction models. Pregnant female WKY rats were randomly assigned to either a control (C; N = 9) or food restriction diet (FR; 40% of control; N = 11) at gestational day-15 or underwent a bilateral uterine vessel ligation surgery restriction (SR; N = 10) or a sham surgery control model (SC; N = 12) on day-18 of gestation. At 6-months of age, vascular responsiveness of intact mesenteric arteries was studied, before chemically permeabilization using 50 μmol/L β-escin to investigate Ca2+ -activated force. Peak responsiveness to a K+ -induced depolarization was decreased (P ≤ 0.05) due to a reduction in maximum Ca2+ -activated force (P ≤ 0.05) in both male growth restricted experimental groups. Vascular responsiveness was unchanged between female experimental groups. Segments of mesenteric artery were analyzed using Western blotting revealed IUGR reduced the relative abundance of important receptor and contractile proteins in male growth restricted rats (P ≤ 0.05), suggesting a potential phenotypic switch, whilst no changes were observed in females. Results from this study suggest that IUGR alters the mesenteric artery reactivity due to a decrease in maximum Ca2+ -activated force, and likely contributed to by a reduction in contractile protein and receptor/channel content in 6-month-old male rats, while female WKY rats appear to be protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Christie
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and MicrobiologyLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tania Romano
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and MicrobiologyLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robyn M. Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and GeneticsLa Trobe Institute for Molecular SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Giuseppe S. Posterino
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and MicrobiologyLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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20
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Lamb GD, Stephenson DG. Measurement of force and calcium release using mechanically skinned fibers from mammalian skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1105-1127. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00445.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanically skinned (or “peeled”) skeletal muscle fiber technique is a highly versatile procedure that allows controlled examination of each of the steps in the excitation-contraction (EC)-coupling sequence in skeletal muscle fibers, starting with excitation/depolarization of the transverse tubular (T)-system through to Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and finally force development by the contractile apparatus. It can also show the overall response of the whole EC-coupling sequence together, such as in twitch and tetanic force responses. A major advantage over intact muscle fiber preparations is that it is possible to set and rapidly manipulate the “intracellular” conditions, allowing examination of the effects of key variables (e.g., intracellular pH, ATP levels, redox state, etc.) on each individual step in EC coupling. This Cores of Reproducibility in Physiology (CORP) article describes the rationale, procedures, and experimental details of the various ways in which the mechanically skinned fiber technique is used in our laboratory to examine the physiological mechanisms controlling Ca2+ release and contraction in skeletal muscle fibers and the aberrations and dysfunction occurring with exercise and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham D. Lamb
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D. George Stephenson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Laver DR. Regulation of the RyR channel gating by Ca 2+ and Mg 2. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1087-1095. [PMID: 29926426 PMCID: PMC6082316 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are the Ca2+ release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum in striated muscle which play an important role in excitation-contraction coupling and cardiac pacemaking. Single channel recordings have revealed a wealth of information about ligand regulation of RyRs from mammalian skeletal and cardiac muscle (RyR1 and RyR2, respectively). RyR subunit has a Ca2+ activation site located in the luminal and cytoplasmic domains of the RyR. These sites synergistically feed into a common gating mechanism for channel activation by luminal and cytoplasmic Ca2+. RyRs also possess two inhibitory sites in their cytoplasmic domains with Ca2+ affinities of the order of 1 μM and 1 mM. Magnesium competes with Ca2+ at these sites to inhibit RyRs and this plays an important role in modulating their Ca2+-dependent activity in muscle. This review focuses on how these sites lead to RyR modulation by Ca2+ and Mg2+ and how these mechanisms control Ca2+ release in excitation-contraction coupling and cardiac pacemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Laver
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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22
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Xu H, Ren X, Lamb GD, Murphy RM. Physiological and biochemical characteristics of skeletal muscles in sedentary and active rats. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2018; 39:1-16. [PMID: 29948664 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-018-9493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory rats are sedentary if housed in conditions where activity is limited. Changes in muscle characteristics with chronic inactivity were investigated by comparing sedentary rats with rats undertaking voluntary wheel running for either 6 or 12 weeks. EDL (type II fibers) and soleus (SOL) muscles (predominantly type I fibers) were examined. When measured within 1-2 h post-running, calcium sensitivity of the contractile apparatus was increased, but only in type II fibers. This increase disappeared when fibers were treated with DTT, indicative of oxidative regulation of the contractile apparatus, and was absent in fibers from rats that had ceased running 24 h prior to experiments. Specific force production was ~ 10 to 25% lower in muscle fibers of sedentary compared to active rats, and excitability of skinned fibers was decreased. Muscle glycogen content was ~ 30% lower and glycogen synthase content ~ 50% higher in SOL of sedentary rats, and in EDL glycogenin was 30% lower. Na+, K+-ATPase α1 subunit density was ~ 20% lower in both EDL and SOL in sedentary rats, and GAPDH content in SOL ~ 35% higher. There were no changes in content of the calcium handling proteins calsequestrin and SERCA, but the content of CSQ-like protein was increased in active rats (by ~ 20% in EDL and 60% in SOL). These findings show that voluntary exercise elicits an acute oxidation-induced increase in Ca2+ sensitivity in type II fibers, and also that there are substantial changes in skeletal muscle characteristics and biochemical processes in sedentary rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Graham D Lamb
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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23
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Cheng AJ, Place N, Westerblad H. Molecular Basis for Exercise-Induced Fatigue: The Importance of Strictly Controlled Cellular Ca 2+ Handling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a029710. [PMID: 28432118 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The contractile function of skeletal muscle declines during intense or prolonged physical exercise, that is, fatigue develops. Skeletal muscle fibers fatigue acutely during highly intense exercise when they have to rely on anaerobic metabolism. Early stages of fatigue involve impaired myofibrillar function, whereas decreased Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) becomes more important in later stages. SR Ca2+ release can also become reduced with more prolonged, lower intensity exercise, and it is then related to glycogen depletion. Increased reactive oxygen/nitrogen species can cause long-lasting impairments in SR Ca2+ release resulting in a prolonged force depression after exercise. In this article, we discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms of the above fatigue-induced changes, with special focus on multiple mechanisms to decrease SR Ca2+ release to avoid energy depletion and preserve muscle fiber integrity. We also discuss fatigue-related effects of exercise-induced Ca2+ fluxes over the sarcolemma and between the cytoplasm and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Place
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential mineral without known specific regulatory mechanisms. In ruminants, plasma Mg2+ concentration depends primarily on the balance between Mg2+ absorption and Mg2+ excretion. The primary site of Mg2+ absorption is the rumen, where Mg2+ is apically absorbed by both potential-dependent and potential-independent uptake mechanisms, reflecting involvement of ion channels and electroneutral transporters, respectively. Transport is energised in a secondary active manner by a basolateral Na+/Mg2+ exchanger. Ruminal transport of Mg2+ is significantly influenced by a variety of factors such as high K+ concentration, sudden increases of ammonia, pH, and the concentration of SCFA. Impaired Mg2+ absorption in the rumen is not compensated for by increased transport in the small or large intestine. While renal excretion can be adjusted to compensate precisely for any surplus in Mg2+ uptake, a shortage in dietary Mg2+ cannot be compensated for either via skeletal mobilisation of Mg2+ or via up-regulation of ruminal absorption. In such situations, hypomagnesaemia will lead to decrease of a Mg2+ in the cerebrospinal fluid and clinical manifestations of tetany. Improved knowledge concerning the factors governing Mg2+ homeostasis will allow reliable recommendations for an adequate Mg2+ intake and for the avoidance of possible disturbances. Future research should clarify the molecular identity of the suggested Mg2+ transport proteins and the regulatory mechanisms controlling renal Mg excretion as parameters influencing Mg2+ homeostasis.
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Gaboardi AJ, Kressler J, Snow TK, Balog EM. Aging impairs regulation of ryanodine receptors from extensor digitorum longus but not soleus muscles. Muscle Nerve 2018; 57:1022-1025. [PMID: 29315676 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because impaired excitation-contraction coupling and reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release may contribute to the age-associated decline in skeletal muscle strength, we investigated the effect of aging on regulation of the skeletal muscle isoform of the ryanodine receptor (RyR1) by physiological channel ligands. METHODS [3 H]Ryanodine binding to membranes from 8- and 26-month-old Fischer 344 extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles was used to investigate the effects of age on RyR1 modulation by Ca2+ and calmodulin (CaM). RESULTS Aging reduced maximal Ca2+ -stimulated binding to EDL membranes. In 0.3 μM Ca2+ , age reduced binding and CaM increased binding to EDL membranes. In 300 μM Ca2+ , CaM reduced binding, but the age effect was not significant. Aging did not affect Ca2+ or CaM regulation of soleus RyR1. DISCUSSION In aged fast-twitch muscle, impaired RyR1 Ca2+ regulation may contribute to lower SR Ca2+ release and reduced muscle function. Muscle Nerve 57: 1022-1025, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Gaboardi
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 281 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jochen Kressler
- Exercise and Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Teresa K Snow
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 281 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Edward M Balog
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 281 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Launikonis BS, Cully TR, Csernoch L, Stephenson DG. NHE- and diffusion-dependent proton fluxes across the tubular system membranes of fast-twitch muscle fibers of the rat. J Gen Physiol 2017; 150:95-110. [PMID: 29229646 PMCID: PMC5749115 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of pH across the t-system membrane of skeletal muscle fibers is poorly understood. Using a sealed tubule preparation, Launikonis et al. reveal Na+/H+ exchange activity and characterize the properties of the diffusional and NHE proton fluxes across the t-system. The complex membrane structure of the tubular system (t-system) in skeletal muscle fibers is open to the extracellular environment, which prevents measurements of H+ movement across its interface with the cytoplasm by conventional methods. Consequently, little is known about the t-system’s role in the regulation of cytoplasmic pH, which is different from extracellular pH. Here we describe a novel approach to measure H+-flux measurements across the t-system of fast-twitch fibers under different conditions. The approach involves loading the t-system of intact rat fast-twitch fibers with a strong pH buffer (20 mM HEPES) and pH-sensitive fluorescent probe (10 mM HPTS) before the t-system is sealed off. The pH changes in the t-system are then tracked by confocal microscopy after rapid changes in cytoplasmic ionic conditions. T-system sealing is achieved by removing the sarcolemma by microdissection (mechanical skinning), which causes the tubules to pinch off and seal tight. After this procedure, the t-system repolarizes to physiological levels and can be electrically stimulated when placed in K+-based solutions of cytosolic-like ionic composition. Using this approach, we show that the t-system of fast-twitch skeletal fibers displays amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ exchange (NHE), which decreases markedly at alkaline cytosolic pH and has properties similar to that in mammalian cardiac myocytes. We observed mean values for NHE density and proton permeability coefficient of 339 pmol/m2 of t-system membrane and 158 µm/s, respectively. We conclude that the cytosolic pH in intact resting muscle can be quantitatively explained with respect to extracellular pH by assuming that these values apply to the t-system membrane and the sarcolemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Launikonis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tanya R Cully
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laszlo Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Xu H, Lamb GD, Murphy RM. Changes in contractile and metabolic parameters of skeletal muscle as rats age from 3 to 12 months. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2017; 38:405-420. [PMID: 29185184 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-017-9484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory rats are considered mature at 3 months despite that musculoskeletal growth is still occurring. Changes in muscle physiological and biochemical characteristics during development from 3 months, however, are not well understood. Whole muscles and single skinned fibres from fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and predominantly slow-twitch soleus (SOL) muscles were examined from male Sprague-Dawley rats (3, 6, 9, 12 months). Ca2+ sensitivity of contractile apparatus decreased with age in both fast- (~ 0.04 pCa units) and slow-twitch (~ 0.07 pCa units) muscle fibres, and specific force increased (by ~ 50% and ~ 25%, respectively). Myosin heavy chain composition of EDL and SOL muscles altered to a small extent with age (decrease in MHCIIa proportion after 3 months). Glycogen content increased with age (~ 80% in EDL and 25% in SOL) and GLUT4 protein density decreased (~ 35 and 20%, respectively), whereas the glycogen-related enzymes were little changed. GAPDH protein content was relatively constant in both muscle types, but COXIV protein decreased ~ 40% in SOL muscle. Calsequestrin (CSQ) and SERCA densities remained relatively constant with age, whereas there was a progressive ~ 2-3 fold increase in CSQ-like proteins, though their role and importance remain unclear. There was also ~ 40% decrease in the density of the Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) α1 subunit in EDL and the α2 subunit in SOL. These findings emphasise there are substantial changes in skeletal muscle function and the density of key proteins during early to mid-adulthood in rats, which need to be considered in the design and interpretation of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Graham D Lamb
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Wette SG, Smith HK, Lamb GD, Murphy RM. Characterization of muscle ankyrin repeat proteins in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C327-C339. [PMID: 28615162 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00077.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Muscle ankyrin repeat proteins (MARPs) are a family of titin-associated, stress-response molecules and putative transducers of stretch-induced signaling in skeletal muscle. In cardiac muscle, cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP) and diabetes-related ankyrin repeat protein (DARP) reportedly redistribute from binding sites on titin to the nucleus following a prolonged stretch. However, it is unclear whether ankyrin repeat domain protein 2 (Ankrd 2) shows comparable stretch-induced redistribution to the nucleus. We measured the following in rested human skeletal muscle: 1) the absolute amount of MARPs and 2) the distribution of Ankrd 2 and DARP in both single fibers and whole muscle preparations. In absolute amounts, Ankrd 2 is the most abundant MARP in human skeletal muscle, there being ~3.1 µmol/kg, much greater than DARP and CARP (~0.11 and ~0.02 µmol/kg, respectively). All DARP was found to be tightly bound at cytoskeletal (or possibly nuclear) sites. In contrast, ~70% of the total Ankrd 2 is freely diffusible in the cytosol [including virtually all of the phosphorylated (p)Ankrd 2-Ser99 form], ~15% is bound to non-nuclear membranes, and ~15% is bound at cytoskeletal sites, likely at the N2A region of titin. These data are not consistent with the proposal that Ankrd 2, per se, or pAnkrd 2-Ser99 mediates stretch-induced signaling in skeletal muscle, dissociating from titin and translocating to the nucleus, because the majority of these forms of Ankrd 2 are already free in the cytosol. It will be necessary to show that the titin-associated Ankrd 2 is modified by stretch in some as-yet-unidentified way, distinct from the diffusible pool, if it is to act as a stretch-sensitive signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G Wette
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heather K Smith
- Department of Exercise Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Graham D Lamb
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
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Mind the magnesium, in dantrolene suppression of malignant hyperthermia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4576-4578. [PMID: 28442565 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Abstract
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a clinical syndrome of skeletal muscle that presents as a hypermetabolic response to volatile anesthetic gases, where susceptible persons may develop lethally high body temperatures. Genetic predisposition mainly arises from mutations on the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR). Dantrolene is administered to alleviate MH symptoms, but its mechanism of action and its influence on the Ca2+ transients elicited by MH triggers are unknown. Here, we show that Ca2+ release in the absence of Mg2+ is unaffected by the presence of dantrolene but that dantrolene becomes increasingly effective as cytoplasmic-free [Mg2+] (free [Mg2+]cyto) passes mM levels. Furthermore, we found in human muscle susceptible to MH that dantrolene was ineffective at reducing halothane-induced repetitive Ca2+ waves in the presence of resting levels of free [Mg2+]cyto (1 mM). However, an increase of free [Mg2+]cyto to 1.5 mM could increase the period between Ca2+ waves. These results reconcile previous contradictory reports in muscle fibers and isolated RyRs, where Mg2+ is present or absent, respectively, and define the mechanism of action of dantrolene is to increase the Mg2+ affinity of the RyR (or "stabilize" the resting state of the channel) and suggest that the accumulation of the metabolite Mg2+ from MgATP hydrolysis is required to make dantrolene administration effective in arresting an MH episode.
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Dulhunty AF, Board PG, Beard NA, Casarotto MG. Physiology and Pharmacology of Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channels. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 79:287-324. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Morales C, Fierro L. Ischemia Increases the Twitch Latent Period in the Soleus and Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscles from Adult Rats. J INVEST SURG 2016; 30:303-313. [PMID: 27786582 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2016.1244311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Complete ischemia and reperfusion effects on twitch force (∫(F·t)), twitch latent period (TLP), maximal rate of rise of twitch tension (δF/δt)max, and twitch maximum relaxation rate (TMRR) were assessed. We divided 36 adult rats into four groups; two control groups (n = 9), a group undergoing 1 hour of ischemia followed by 1 hour of reperfusion (n = 9), and one group exposed to 2 hours of ischemia followed by 1 hour of reperfusion (n = 9). We have induced twitch contractions every 10 minutes in the soleus and the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL). Twitch contractions were recorded and then analyzed for ∫(F·t), TLP, (δF/δt)max, and TMRR. During 1 hour and 40 minutes of ischemia, TLP increased to 179 ± 24% (p < 0.05) in the soleus and to 184 ± 16% (p < 0.05) in the ECRL, an effect that was partially recovered during 1 hour of reperfusion. This increase started after 20 minutes of ischemia in the soleus and after 40 minutes of ischemia in the ECRL. The increase was faster in the ECRL and peaked at the same time for both muscular groups. ∫(F·t) and (δF/δt)max decreased during 1 hour of ischemia to 46 ± 7% (p < 0.05) in the soleus and to 40 ± 7% (p < 0.05) in the ECRL. TMRR decreased during 1 hour of ischemia to 39 ± 5% (p < 0.05) in the soleus and to 54 ± 8% (p < 0.05) in the ECRL. During 1 hour of reperfusion all of them recovered close to control values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Morales
- a Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Cali, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Clínicas de la Salud , calle 18 No 118-250, Cali , 0001 Colombia
| | - Leonardo Fierro
- b Universidad del Valle, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de salud, Grupo de Investigación de Farmacología Univalle , Calle 4B No 36-00, Cali , 439 Colombia
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Cully TR, Launikonis BS. Leaky ryanodine receptors delay the activation of store overload-induced Ca2+ release, a mechanism underlying malignant hyperthermia-like events in dystrophic muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C673-80. [PMID: 26825125 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00366.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the mdx mouse, displays changes in Ca(2+)homeostasis that may lead to the pathology of the muscle. Here we examine the activation of store overload-induced Ca(2+)release (SOICR) in mdx muscle. The activation of SOICR is associated with the depolymerization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)buffer calsequestrin and the reduction of SR Ca(2+)buffering power (BSR). The role of SOICR in healthy and dystrophic muscle is unclear. Using skinned fibers we show that lowering the Mg(2+)concentration can activate discrete Ca(2+)release events that did not necessarily lead to activation of SOICR. However, SOICR waves could propagate into these fiber segments. The average delay to activation of SOICR in mdx fibers was longer than in wild-type (WT) fibers. In the lowered Ca(2+)-buffered environment following large SOICR events, brief waves in mdx fibers displayed a low amplitude and propagation rate, in contrast to WT fibers that showed a range of amplitudes correlated with wave propagation rate. The distinct properties of SOICR in mdx fibers were consistent with a ryanodine receptor (RyR) that was leakier to Ca(2+)than in WT. The consequence of delayed SOICR and leaky RyRs is prolonged high BSRand a reduction in free Ca(2+)concentration inside the SR as total SR calcium drops. We present a hypothesis that SOICR activation is required in healthy muscle and that this mechanism works suboptimally in mdx fibers to fail to limit the activation of store-operated Ca(2+)entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya R Cully
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bradley S Launikonis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Despras G, Zamaleeva AI, Dardevet L, Tisseyre C, Magalhaes JG, Garner C, De Waard M, Amigorena S, Feltz A, Mallet JM, Collot M. H-Rubies, a new family of red emitting fluorescent pH sensors for living cells. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5928-5937. [PMID: 29861916 PMCID: PMC5950754 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01113b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring intracellular pH has drawn much attention due to its undeniably important function in cells. The widespread development of fluorescent imaging techniques makes pH sensitive fluorescent dyes valuable tools, especially red-emitting dyes which help to avoid the overcrowded green end of the spectral band. Herein, we present H-Rubies, a family of pH sensors based on a phenol moiety and a X-rhodamine fluorophore that display a bright red fluorescence upon acidification with pKa values spanning from 4 to 9. Slight structural modifications led to dramatic changes in their physicochemical properties and a relationship between their structures, their ability to form H-aggregates, and their apparent pKa was established. While molecular form H-Rubies can be used to monitor mitochondrial acidification of glioma cells, their functionalised forms were linked via click chemistry to dextrans or microbeads containing a near infrared Cy5 (Alexa-647) in order to provide ratiometric systems that were used to measure respectively the phagosomal and endosomal pH in macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) using flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Despras
- Laboratory of Biomolecules (LBM) , UPMC Université Paris 06 , Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) , CNRS, UMR 7203 , Paris F-75005 , France .
| | - Alsu I Zamaleeva
- Ecole Normale Supérieure , Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS) , INSERM U1024 , CNRS UMR 8197 , Paris F-75005 , France
- INSERM U932 , Institute Curie , 75248 , Paris, Cedex 05 , France
| | - Lucie Dardevet
- Inserm U836 , LabEx Ion Channels, Science and Therapeutics , Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience , chemin fortuné ferrini, bâtiment Edmond Safra , 38042 Grenoble Cedex 09 , France
- Université Joseph Fourier , Grenoble , France
| | - Céline Tisseyre
- Inserm U836 , LabEx Ion Channels, Science and Therapeutics , Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience , chemin fortuné ferrini, bâtiment Edmond Safra , 38042 Grenoble Cedex 09 , France
- Université Joseph Fourier , Grenoble , France
| | | | - Charlotte Garner
- Laboratory of Biomolecules (LBM) , UPMC Université Paris 06 , Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) , CNRS, UMR 7203 , Paris F-75005 , France .
| | - Michel De Waard
- Inserm U836 , LabEx Ion Channels, Science and Therapeutics , Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience , chemin fortuné ferrini, bâtiment Edmond Safra , 38042 Grenoble Cedex 09 , France
- Université Joseph Fourier , Grenoble , France
- Smartox Biotechnology , Saint Martin d'Hères , France
| | | | - Anne Feltz
- Ecole Normale Supérieure , Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS) , INSERM U1024 , CNRS UMR 8197 , Paris F-75005 , France
| | - Jean-Maurice Mallet
- Laboratory of Biomolecules (LBM) , UPMC Université Paris 06 , Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) , CNRS, UMR 7203 , Paris F-75005 , France .
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratory of Biomolecules (LBM) , UPMC Université Paris 06 , Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) , CNRS, UMR 7203 , Paris F-75005 , France .
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Gejl KD, Hvid LG, Willis SJ, Andersson E, Holmberg HC, Jensen R, Frandsen U, Hansen J, Plomgaard P, Ørtenblad N. Repeated high-intensity exercise modulates Ca2+sensitivity of human skeletal muscle fibers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:488-97. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. D. Gejl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; SDU Muscle Research Cluster; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - L. G. Hvid
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; SDU Muscle Research Cluster; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - S. J. Willis
- Department of Health Sciences; Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre; Mid Sweden University; Östersund Sweden
| | - E. Andersson
- Department of Health Sciences; Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre; Mid Sweden University; Östersund Sweden
| | - H.-C. Holmberg
- Department of Health Sciences; Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre; Mid Sweden University; Östersund Sweden
- Swedish Olympic Committee; Stockholm Sweden
| | - R. Jensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; SDU Muscle Research Cluster; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - U. Frandsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; SDU Muscle Research Cluster; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - J. Hansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - P. Plomgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - N. Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; SDU Muscle Research Cluster; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
- Department of Health Sciences; Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre; Mid Sweden University; Östersund Sweden
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36
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Cully TR, Edwards JN, Launikonis BS. Activation and propagation of Ca2+ release from inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum network of mammalian skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2014; 592:3727-46. [PMID: 24973406 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.274274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibres are large and highly elongated cells specialized for producing the force required for posture and movement. The process of controlling the production of force within the muscle, known as excitation-contraction coupling, requires virtually simultaneous release of large amounts of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) at the level of every sarcomere within the muscle fibre. Here we imaged Ca(2+) movements within the SR, tubular (t-) system and in the cytoplasm to observe that the SR of skeletal muscle is a connected network capable of allowing diffusion of Ca(2+) within its lumen to promote the propagation of Ca(2+) release throughout the fibre under conditions where inhibition of SR ryanodine receptors (RyRs) was reduced. Reduction of cytoplasmic [Mg(2+)] ([Mg(2+)]cyto) induced a leak of Ca(2+) through RyRs, causing a reduction in SR Ca(2+) buffering power argued to be due to a breakdown of SR calsequestrin polymers, leading to a local elevation of [Ca(2+)]SR. The local rise in [Ca(2+)]SR, an intra-SR Ca(2+) transient, induced a local diffusely rising [Ca(2+)]cyto. A prolonged Ca(2+) wave lasting tens of seconds or more was generated from these events. Ca(2+) waves were dependent on the diffusion of Ca(2+) within the lumen of the SR and ended as [Ca(2+)]SR dropped to low levels to inactivate RyRs. Inactivation of RyRs allowed re-accumulation of [Ca(2+)]SR and the activation of secondary Ca(2+) waves in the persistent presence of low [Mg(2+)]cyto if the threshold [Ca(2+)]SR for RyR opening could be reached. Secondary Ca(2+) waves occurred without an abrupt reduction in SR Ca(2+) buffering power. Ca(2+) release and wave propagation occurred in the absence of Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release. These observations are consistent with the activation of Ca(2+) release through RyRs of lowered cytoplasmic inhibition by [Ca(2+)]SR or store overload-induced Ca(2+) release. Restitution of SR Ca(2+) buffering power to its initially high value required imposing normal resting ionic conditions in the cytoplasm, which re-imposed the normal resting inhibition on the RyRs, allowing [Ca(2+)]SR to return to endogenous levels without activation of store overload-induced Ca(2+) release. These results are discussed in the context of how pathophysiological Ca(2+) release such as that occurring in malignant hyperthermia can be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya R Cully
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Joshua N Edwards
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Bradley S Launikonis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Bielec G, Makar P, Laskowski R, Olek RA. Kinematic variables and blood Acid-base status in the analysis of collegiate swimmers' anaerobic capacity. Biol Sport 2014; 30:213-7. [PMID: 24744491 PMCID: PMC3944568 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1059303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Short duration repeated maximal efforts are often used in swimming training to improve lactate tolerance, which gives swimmers the ability to maintain a high work rate for a longer period of time. The aim of the study was to examine the kinematics of swimming and its relation to the changes in blood acid-base status and potassium level. Seven collegiate swimmers, with at least 6 years of training experience, volunteered to participate in the study. The test consisted of 8 x 25 m front crawl performed with maximum effort. The rest period between repetitions was set to five seconds. Blood samples were taken from the fingertip at rest, after warm-up and in the 3rd minute after completion of the test. The swimming was recorded with a video recorder, for later analysis of time, velocity and technique (stroke index). Based on the swimming velocity results, the obtained curve can be divided into rapid decrease of velocity and relatively stable velocities. The breaking point of repetition in swimming velocity was assumed as the swimming velocity threshold and it was highly correlated with the decrease of the blood acid-base status (pH r=0.82, BE r=0.87, HCO3- r=0.76; p<0.05 in all cases). There was no correlation between stroke index or fatigue index and blood acid-base status. Analysis of the swimming speed in the 8 x 25 m test seems to be helpful in evaluation of lactate tolerance (anaerobic capacity) in collegiate swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bielec
- Department of Swimming, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - P Makar
- Department of Swimming, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - R Laskowski
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - R A Olek
- Department of Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
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Calderón JC, Bolaños P, Caputo C. The excitation-contraction coupling mechanism in skeletal muscle. Biophys Rev 2014; 6:133-160. [PMID: 28509964 PMCID: PMC5425715 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-013-0135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
First coined by Alexander Sandow in 1952, the term excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) describes the rapid communication between electrical events occurring in the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fibres and Ca2+ release from the SR, which leads to contraction. The sequence of events in twitch skeletal muscle involves: (1) initiation and propagation of an action potential along the plasma membrane, (2) spread of the potential throughout the transverse tubule system (T-tubule system), (3) dihydropyridine receptors (DHPR)-mediated detection of changes in membrane potential, (4) allosteric interaction between DHPR and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ryanodine receptors (RyR), (5) release of Ca2+ from the SR and transient increase of Ca2+ concentration in the myoplasm, (6) activation of the myoplasmic Ca2+ buffering system and the contractile apparatus, followed by (7) Ca2+ disappearance from the myoplasm mediated mainly by its reuptake by the SR through the SR Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA), and under several conditions movement to the mitochondria and extrusion by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). In this text, we review the basics of ECC in skeletal muscle and the techniques used to study it. Moreover, we highlight some recent advances and point out gaps in knowledge on particular issues related to ECC such as (1) DHPR-RyR molecular interaction, (2) differences regarding fibre types, (3) its alteration during muscle fatigue, (4) the role of mitochondria and store-operated Ca2+ entry in the general ECC sequence, (5) contractile potentiators, and (6) Ca2+ sparks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-Physis, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Centre of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela.
- Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica, Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica-Physis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Pura Bolaños
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Centre of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Carlo Caputo
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Centre of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
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Lamboley CR, Murphy RM, McKenna MJ, Lamb GD. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake and leak properties, and SERCA isoform expression, in type I and type II fibres of human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2014; 592:1381-95. [PMID: 24469076 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.269373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca(2+) uptake properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) were compared between type I and type II fibres of vastus lateralis muscle of young healthy adults. Individual mechanically skinned muscle fibres were exposed to solutions with the free [Ca(2+)] heavily buffered in the pCa range (-log10[Ca(2+)]) 7.3-6.0 for set times and the amount of net SR Ca(2+) accumulation determined from the force response elicited upon emptying the SR of all Ca(2+). Western blotting was used to determine fibre type and the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) isoform present in every fibre examined. Type I fibres contained only SERCA2 and displayed half-maximal Ca(2+) uptake rate at ∼pCa 6.8, whereas type II fibres contained only SERCA1 and displayed half-maximal Ca(2+) uptake rate at ∼pCa 6.6. Maximal Ca(2+) uptake rate was ∼0.18 and ∼0.21 mmol Ca(2+) (l fibre)(-1) s(-1) in type I and type II fibres, respectively, in good accord with previously measured SR ATPase activity. Increasing free [Mg(2+)] from 1 to 3 mM had no significant effect on the net Ca(2+) uptake rate at pCa 6.0, indicating that there was little or no calcium-induced calcium release occurring through the Ca(2+) release channels during uptake in either fibre type. Ca(2+) leakage from the SR at pCa 8.5, which is thought to occur at least in part through the SERCA, was ∼2-fold lower in type II fibres than in type I fibres, and was little affected by the presence of ADP, in marked contrast to the larger SR Ca(2+) leak observed in rat muscle fibres under the same conditions. The higher affinity of Ca(2+) uptake in the type I human fibres can account for the higher relative level of SR Ca(2+) loading observed in type I compared to type II fibres, and the SR Ca(2+) leakage characteristics of the human fibres suggest that the SERCAs are regulated differently from those in rat and contribute comparatively less to resting metabolic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Lamboley
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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Fajardo VA, McMeekin L, Basic A, Lamb GD, Murphy RM, LeBlanc PJ. Isolation of sarcolemmal plasma membranes by mechanically skinning rat skeletal muscle fibers for phospholipid analysis. Lipids 2013; 48:421-30. [PMID: 23430510 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane phospholipid (PL) composition has been shown to affect cellular function by altering membrane physical structure. The sarcolemma plasma membrane (SLpm) is integral to skeletal muscle function and health. Previous studies assessing SLpm PL composition have demonstrated contamination from transverse (t)-tubule, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and nuclear membranes. This study assessed the possibility of isolating SL by mechanically skinning skeletal muscle fiber segments for the analysis of SLpm PL composition. Mechanically skinned SLpm from rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle fibers underwent Western blot analysis to assess contamination from t-tubule, sarcoplasmic reticulum, nuclear and mitochondrial membranes. The results indicate that isolated SLpm had minimal nuclear and mitochondrial membrane contamination and was void of contamination from sarcoplasmic reticulum and t-tubule membranes. After performing both high-performance thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography, we found that the SLpm obtained by mechanical skinning had higher sphingomyelin and total fatty acid saturation and lower phosphatidylcholine when compared to previous literature. Thus, by avoiding the use of various chemical treatments and membrane fractionation, we present data that may truly represent the SLpm and future studies can use this technique to assess potential changes under various perturbations and disease conditions such as insulin resistance and muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Andrew Fajardo
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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41
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Wada M, Kuratani M, Kanzaki K. Calcium kinetics of sarcoplasmic reticulum and muscle fatigue. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Dutka TL, Lamboley CR, McKenna MJ, Murphy RM, Lamb GD. Effects of carnosine on contractile apparatus Ca2+ sensitivity and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in human skeletal muscle fibers. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 112:728-36. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01331.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in potential ergogenic and therapeutic effects of increasing skeletal muscle carnosine content, although its effects on excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in human muscle have not been defined. Consequently, we sought to characterize what effects carnosine, at levels attained by supplementation, has on human muscle fiber function, using a preparation with all key EC coupling proteins in their in situ positions. Fiber segments, obtained from vastus lateralis muscle of human subjects by needle biopsy, were mechanically skinned, and their Ca2+ release and contractile apparatus properties were characterized. Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus was significantly increased by 8 and 16 mM carnosine (increase in pCa50 of 0.073 ± 0.007 and 0.116 ± 0.006 pCa units, respectively, in six type I fibers, and 0.063 ± 0.018 and 0.103 ± 0.013 pCa units, respectively, in five type II fibers). Caffeine-induced force responses were potentiated by 8 mM carnosine in both type I and II fibers, with the potentiation in type II fibers being entirely explicable by the increase in Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus caused by carnosine. However, the potentiation of caffeine-induced responses caused by carnosine in type I fibers was beyond that expected from the associated increase in Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus and suggestive of increased Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. Thus increasing muscle carnosine content likely confers benefits to muscle performance in both fiber types by increasing the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus and possibly also by aiding Ca2+ release in type I fibers, helping to lessen or slow the decline in muscle performance during fatiguing stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. L. Dutka
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University; and
| | - C. R. Lamboley
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M. J. McKenna
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - G. D. Lamb
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University; and
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43
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Edwards JN, Cully TR, Shannon TR, Stephenson DG, Launikonis BS. Longitudinal and transversal propagation of excitation along the tubular system of rat fast-twitch muscle fibres studied by high speed confocal microscopy. J Physiol 2011; 590:475-92. [PMID: 22155929 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.221796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian skeletal muscle fibres possess a tubular (t-) system that consists of regularly spaced transverse elements which are also connected in the longitudinal direction. This tubular network provides a pathway for the propagation of action potentials (APs) both radially and longitudinally within the fibre, but little is known about the actual radial and longitudinal AP conduction velocities along the tubular network in mammalian skeletal muscle fibres. The aim of this study was to track AP propagation within the t-system network of fast-twitch rat muscle fibres with high spatio-temporal resolution when the t-system was isolated from the surface membrane. For this we used high speed confocal imaging of AP-induced Ca(2+) release in contraction-suppressed mechanically skinned fast-twitch fibres where the t-system can be electrically excited in the absence of the surface membrane. Supramaximal field pulses normally elicited a synchronous AP-induced release of Ca(2+) along one side of the fibre axis which propagated uniformly across the fibre. In some cases up to 80 or more adjacent transverse tubules failed to be excited by the field pulse, while adjacent areas responded with normal Ca(2+) release. In these cases a continuous front of Ca(2+) release with an angle to the scanning line was observed due to APs propagating longitudinally. From these observations the radial/transversal and longitudinal AP conduction velocities along the tubular network deeper in the fibre under our conditions (19 ± 1°C) ranged between 8 and 11 μm ms(-1) and 5 to 9 μm ms(-1), respectively, using different methods of estimation. The longitudinal propagation of APs appeared to be markedly faster closer to the edge of the fibre, in agreement with the presence of dense longitudinal connections immediately below the surface of the fibre and more sparse connections at deeper planes within the fibre. During long trains of closely spaced field pulses the AP-elicited Ca(2+) releases became non-synchronous along the fibre axis. This is most likely caused by local tubular K(+) accumulation that produces local depolarization and local slowing of AP propagation. Longitudinally propagating APs may reduce such inhomogeneities by exciting areas of delayed AP onset. Clearly, the longitudinal tubular pathways within the fibre for excitation are used as a safety mechanism in situations where a local depolarization obstructs immediate excitation from the sarcolemma. Results obtained from this study also provide an explanation for the pattern of contractures observed in rippling muscle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Edwards
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
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44
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Huang CLH, Pedersen TH, Fraser JA. Reciprocal dihydropyridine and ryanodine receptor interactions in skeletal muscle activation. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2011; 32:171-202. [PMID: 21993921 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-011-9262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dihydropyridine (DHPR) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are central to transduction of transverse (T) tubular membrane depolarisation initiated by surface action potentials into release of sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) Ca2+ in skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling. Electronmicroscopic methods demonstrate an orderly positioning of such tubular DHPRs relative to RyRs in the SR at triad junctions where their membranes come into close proximity. Biochemical and genetic studies associated expression of specific, DHPR and RyR, isoforms with the particular excitation-contraction coupling processes and related elementary Ca2+ release events found respectively in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Physiological studies of intramembrane charge movements potentially related to voltage triggering of Ca2+ release demonstrated a particular qγ charging species identifiable with DHPRs through its T-tubular localization, pharmacological properties, and steep voltage-dependence paralleling Ca2+ release. Its nonlinear kinetics implicated highly co-operative conformational events in its transitions in response to voltage change. The effects of DHPR and RyR agonists and antagonists upon this intramembrane charge in turn implicated reciprocal rather than merely unidirectional DHPR-RyR interactions in these complex reactions. Thus, following membrane potential depolarization, an orthograde qγ-DHPR-RyR signaling likely initiates conformational alterations in the RyR with which it makes contact. The latter changes could then retrogradely promote further qγ-DHPR transitions through reciprocal co-operative allosteric interactions between receptors. These would relieve the resting constraints on both further, delayed, nonlinear qγ-DHPR charge transfers and on RyR-mediated Ca2+ release. They would also explain the more rapid charging and recovery qγ transients following larger depolarizations and membrane potential repolarization to the resting level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L-H Huang
- Physiological Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
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45
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Hvid LG, Ortenblad N, Aagaard P, Kjaer M, Suetta C. Effects of ageing on single muscle fibre contractile function following short-term immobilisation. J Physiol 2011; 589:4745-57. [PMID: 21825028 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.215434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Very little attention has been given to the combined effects of healthy ageing and short-term disuse on the contractile function of human single muscle fibres. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of 2 weeks of lower limb cast immobilisation (i.e. disuse) on selected contractile properties of single muscle fibres (n = 378) from vastus lateralis of nine young (24 ± 1 years) and eight old (67 ± 2 years) healthy men with comparable levels of physical activity. Prior to immobilisation, MHC IIa fibres produced higher maximum Ca(2+)-activated force (approx. 32%) and specific force (approx. 33%) and had lower Ca(2+) sensitivity than MHC I fibres (P < 0.05), with no differences between young and old. After immobilisation, the decline in single fibre force (MHC I: young 21% and old 22%; MHC IIa: young 22% and old 30%; P < 0.05) as well as specific force (MHC I: young 14% and old 13%; MHC IIa: young 18% and old 25%; P < 0.05) was more pronounced in MHC IIa fibres compared to MHC I fibres (P < 0.05), with no differences between young and old. Notably, there was a selective decrease in Ca(2+) sensitivity in MHC IIa fibres of young (P < 0.05) and in MHC I fibres of old individuals (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, 2 weeks of lower limb immobilisation caused greater impairments in single muscle fibre force and specific force in MHC IIa than MHC I fibres independently of age. In contrast, immobilisation-induced changes in Ca(2+) sensitivity that were dependent on age and MHC isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars G Hvid
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, Denmark.
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46
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Edwards JN, Blackmore DG, Gilbert DF, Murphy RM, Launikonis BS. Store-operated calcium entry remains fully functional in aged mouse skeletal muscle despite a decline in STIM1 protein expression. Aging Cell 2011; 10:675-85. [PMID: 21418512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is a robust mechanism in skeletal muscle, supported by abundant STIM1 and Orai1 in the junctional membranes. The precise role of SOCE in skeletal muscle Ca(2+) homeostasis and excitation-contraction coupling remains to be defined. Regardless, it remains important to determine whether the function and capacity of SOCE changes in aged skeletal muscle. We identified an approximate 40% decline in the expression of the integral SOCE protein, stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1), but no such decline in its coupling partner, Orai1, in muscle fibers from aged mice. To determine whether this changed aspects of SOCE functionality in skeletal muscle in aged mice, Ca(2+) in the cytoplasm and t-system were continuously and simultaneously imaged on a confocal microscope during sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release and compared to experiments under identical conditions using muscle fibers from young mice. Normal activation, deactivation, Ca(2+) influx, and spatiotemporal characteristics of SOCE were found to persist in skeletal muscle from aged mice. Thus, SOCE remains a robust mechanism in aged skeletal muscle despite the decline in STIM1 protein expression, suggesting STIM1 is in excess in young skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Edwards
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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47
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Rebbeck RT, Karunasekara Y, Gallant EM, Board PG, Beard NA, Casarotto MG, Dulhunty AF. The β(1a) subunit of the skeletal DHPR binds to skeletal RyR1 and activates the channel via its 35-residue C-terminal tail. Biophys J 2011; 100:922-30. [PMID: 21320436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been suggested that the C-terminal tail of the β(1a) subunit of the skeletal dihyropyridine receptor (DHPR) may contribute to voltage-activated Ca(2+) release in skeletal muscle by interacting with the skeletal ryanodine receptor (RyR1), a direct functional interaction between the two proteins has not been demonstrated previously. Such an interaction is reported here. A peptide with the sequence of the C-terminal 35 residues of β(1a) bound to RyR1 in affinity chromatography. The full-length β(1a) subunit and the C-terminal peptide increased [(3)H]ryanodine binding and RyR1 channel activity with an AC(50) of 450-600 pM under optimal conditions. The effect of the peptide was dependent on cytoplasmic Ca(2+), ATP, and Mg(2+) concentrations. There was no effect of the peptide when channel activity was very low as a result of Mg(2+) inhibition or addition of 100 nM Ca(2+) (without ATP). Maximum increases were seen with 1-10 μM Ca(2+), in the absence of Mg(2+) inhibition. A control peptide with the C-terminal 35 residues in a scrambled sequence did not bind to RyR1 or alter [(3)H]ryanodine binding or channel activity. This high-affinity in vitro functional interaction between the C-terminal 35 residues of the DHPR β(1a) subunit and RyR1 may support an in vivo function of β(1a) during voltage-activated Ca(2+) release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn T Rebbeck
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Dutka TL, Mollica JP, Lamb GD. Differential effects of peroxynitrite on contractile protein properties in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibers of rat. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 110:705-16. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00739.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative modification of contractile proteins is thought to be a key factor in muscle weakness observed in many pathophysiological conditions. In particular, peroxynitrite (ONOO−), a potent short-lived oxidant, is a likely candidate responsible for this contractile dysfunction. In this study ONOO− or 3-morpholinosydnonimine (Sin-1, a ONOO− donor) was applied to rat skinned muscle fibers to characterize the effects on contractile properties. Both ONOO− and Sin-1 exposure markedly reduced maximum force in slow-twitch fibers but had much less effect in fast-twitch fibers. The rate of isometric force development was also reduced without change in the number of active cross bridges. Sin-1 exposure caused a disproportionately large decrease in Ca2+ sensitivity, evidently due to coproduction of superoxide, as it was prevented by Tempol, a superoxide dismutase mimetic. The decline in maximum force with Sin-1 and ONOO− treatments could be partially reversed by DTT, provided it was applied before the fiber was activated. Reversal by DTT indicates that the decrease in maximum force was due at least in part to oxidation of cysteine residues. Ascorbate caused similar reversal, further suggesting that the cysteine residues had undergone S-nitrosylation. The reduction in Ca2+ sensitivity, however, was not reversed by either DTT or ascorbate. Western blot analysis showed cross-linking of myosin heavy chain (MHC) I, appearing as larger protein complexes after ONOO− exposure. The findings suggest that ONOO− initially decreases maximum force primarily by oxidation of cysteine residues on the myosin heads, and that the accompanying decrease in Ca2+ sensitivity is likely due to other, less reversible actions of hydroxyl or related radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. L. Dutka
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J. P. Mollica
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G. D. Lamb
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Dulhunty AF, Hewawasam R, Liu D, Casarotto MG, Board PG. Regulation of the cardiac muscle ryanodine receptor by glutathione transferases. Drug Metab Rev 2011; 43:236-52. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2010.549134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dutka TL, Mollica JP, Posterino GS, Lamb GD. Modulation of contractile apparatus Ca2+ sensitivity and disruption of excitation-contraction coupling by S-nitrosoglutathione in rat muscle fibres. J Physiol 2010; 589:2181-96. [PMID: 21115647 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.200451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is generated in muscle and may S-glutathionylate and/or S-nitrosylate various proteins involved in excitation–contraction (EC) coupling, such as Na+-K+-ATPases, voltage-sensors (VSs) and Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors,RyRs), possibly changing their properties. Using mechanically skinned fibres from rat extensor digitorum longus muscle, we sought to identify which EC coupling processes are most susceptible to GSNO-modulated changes and whether these changes could be important in muscle function and fatigue. For comparison, we examined the effect of other oxidation, nitrosylation, or glutathionylation treatments (S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), hydrogen peroxide,2,2-dithiodipyridine and reduced glutathione) on twitch and tetanic force, action potential (AP) repriming, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ loading and leakage, and contractile apparatus properties. None of the treatments detectably altered AP repriming, indicating that t-system excitability was relatively insensitive to such oxidative modification. Importantly, the overall effect on twitch and tetanic force of a given treatment was determined primarily by its action on Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus. For example, S-nitrosylation with the NO• donor,SNAP, caused matching decreases in the contractile Ca2+ sensitivity and twitch response, and GSNO applied ∼10 min after preparation had very similar effects. The only exception was when GSNO was applied immediately after preparation, which resulted in irreversible decreases in twitch and tetanic responses even though it concomitantly increased Ca2+ sensitivity by∼0.1 pCaunits, the latter evidently due to S-glutathionylation of the contractile apparatus. This decrease in AP-mediated force responses was due to impaired VS–RyR coupling and was accompanied by increased Ca2+ leakage through RyRs. Such oxidation-related impairment of coupling could be responsible for prolonged low frequency fatigue in certain circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Dutka
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
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