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Satsuka A, Ribeiro AJS, Kawagishi H, Yanagida S, Hirata N, Yoshinaga T, Kurokawa J, Sugiyama A, Strauss DG, Kanda Y. Contractility assessment using aligned human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2024; 128:107530. [PMID: 38917571 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2024.107530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac safety assessment, such as lethal arrhythmias and contractility dysfunction, is critical during drug development. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have been shown to be useful in predicting drug-induced proarrhythmic risk through international validation studies. Although cardiac contractility is another key function, fit-for-purpose hiPSC-CMs in evaluating drug-induced contractile dysfunction remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether alignment of hiPSC-CMs on nanopatterned culture plates can assess drug-induced contractile changes more efficiently than non-aligned monolayer culture. METHODS Aligned hiPSC-CMs were obtained by culturing on 96-well culture plates with a ridge-groove-ridge nanopattern on the bottom surface, while non-aligned hiPSC-CMs were cultured on regular 96-well plates. Next-generation sequencing and qPCR experiments were performed for gene expression analysis. Contractility of the hiPSC-CMs was assessed using an imaging-based motion analysis system. RESULTS When cultured on nanopatterned plates, hiPSC-CMs exhibited an aligned morphology and enhanced expression of genes encoding proteins that regulate contractility, including myosin heavy chain, calcium channel, and ryanodine receptor. Compared to cultures on regular plates, the aligned hiPSC-CMs also showed both enhanced contraction and relaxation velocity. In addition, the aligned hiPSC-CMs showed a more physiological response to positive and negative inotropic agents, such as isoproterenol and verapamil. DISCUSSION Taken together, the aligned hiPSC-CMs exhibited enhanced structural and functional properties, leading to an improved capacity for contractility assessment compared to the non-aligned cells. These findings suggest that the aligned hiPSC-CMs can be used to evaluate drug-induced cardiac contractile changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Satsuka
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Kawagishi
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Shota Yanagida
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Naoya Hirata
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshinaga
- Advanced Biosignal Safety Assessment, Eisai Co., Ltd, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Junko Kurokawa
- Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - David G Strauss
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
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Zheng S, Ye L. Hemodynamic Melody of Postnatal Cardiac and Pulmonary Development in Children with Congenital Heart Diseases. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:234. [PMID: 38666846 PMCID: PMC11048247 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Hemodynamics is the eternal theme of the circulatory system. Abnormal hemodynamics and cardiac and pulmonary development intertwine to form the most important features of children with congenital heart diseases (CHDs), thus determining these children's long-term quality of life. Here, we review the varieties of hemodynamic abnormalities that exist in children with CHDs, the recently developed neonatal rodent models of CHDs, and the inspirations these models have brought us in the areas of cardiomyocyte proliferation and maturation, as well as in alveolar development. Furthermore, current limitations, future directions, and clinical decision making based on these inspirations are highlighted. Understanding how CHD-associated hemodynamic scenarios shape postnatal heart and lung development may provide a novel path to improving the long-term quality of life of children with CHDs, transplantation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixie Zheng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, China;
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lincai Ye
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, China;
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, China
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3
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Ryvkin A, Furman A, Lebedeva E, Gonotkov M. Analysis of changes in the action potential morphology of the mouse sinoatrial node true pacemaker cells during ontogenetic development in vitro and in silico. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 38459937 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maturation of the mouse is accompanied by the increase in heart rate. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. We performed an action potentials (APs) recordings in mouse sinoatrial node (SAN) true pacemaker cells and in silico analysis to clarify the mechanisms underlying pre-postnatal period heart rate changes. RESULTS The APs of true pacemaker cells at different stages had similar configurations and dV/dtmax values. The cycle length, action potential duration (APD90 ), maximal diastolic potential (MDP), and AP amplitude decreased, meanwhile the velocity of diastolic depolarization (DDR) increased from E12.5 stage to adult. Using a pharmacological approach we found that in SAN true pacemaker cells ivabradine reduces the DDR and the cycle length significantly stronger in E12.5 than in newborn and adult mice, whereas the effects of Ni2+ and nifedipine were significantly stronger in adult mice. Computer simulations further suggested that the density of the hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker сurrent (If ) decreased during development, whereas transmembrane and intracellular Ca2+ flows increased. CONCLUSIONS The ontogenetic decrease in IK1 density from E12.5 to adult leads to depolarization of MDP to the voltage range in which calcium currents are activated, thereby shifting the balance from the "membrane-clock" to the "calcium-clock."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arseniy Furman
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Elena Lebedeva
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Mikhail Gonotkov
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
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4
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Galow AM, Brenmoehl J, Hoeflich A. Synergistic effects of hormones on structural and functional maturation of cardiomyocytes and implications for heart regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:240. [PMID: 37541969 PMCID: PMC10403476 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The limited endogenous regenerative capacity of the human heart renders cardiovascular diseases a major health threat, thus motivating intense research on in vitro heart cell generation and cell replacement therapies. However, so far, in vitro-generated cardiomyocytes share a rather fetal phenotype, limiting their utility for drug testing and cell-based heart repair. Various strategies to foster cellular maturation provide some success, but fully matured cardiomyocytes are still to be achieved. Today, several hormones are recognized for their effects on cardiomyocyte proliferation, differentiation, and function. Here, we will discuss how the endocrine system impacts cardiomyocyte maturation. After detailing which features characterize a mature phenotype, we will contemplate hormones most promising to induce such a phenotype, the routes of their action, and experimental evidence for their significance in this process. Due to their pleiotropic effects, hormones might be not only valuable to improve in vitro heart cell generation but also beneficial for in vivo heart regeneration. Accordingly, we will also contemplate how the presented hormones might be exploited for hormone-based regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Galow
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Julia Brenmoehl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
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5
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Lin Z, Garbern JC, Liu R, Li Q, Mancheño Juncosa E, Elwell HL, Sokol M, Aoyama J, Deumer US, Hsiao E, Sheng H, Lee RT, Liu J. Tissue-embedded stretchable nanoelectronics reveal endothelial cell-mediated electrical maturation of human 3D cardiac microtissues. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8513. [PMID: 36888704 PMCID: PMC9995081 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinical translation of stem cell therapies for heart disease requires electrical integration of transplanted cardiomyocytes. Generation of electrically matured human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) is critical for electrical integration. Here, we found that hiPSC-derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) promoted the expression of selected maturation markers in hiPSC-CMs. Using tissue-embedded stretchable mesh nanoelectronics, we achieved a long-term stable map of human three-dimensional (3D) cardiac microtissue electrical activity. The results revealed that hiPSC-ECs accelerated the electrical maturation of hiPSC-CMs in 3D cardiac microtissues. Machine learning-based pseudotime trajectory inference of cardiomyocyte electrical signals further revealed the electrical phenotypic transition path during development. Guided by the electrical recording data, single-cell RNA sequencing identified that hiPSC-ECs promoted cardiomyocyte subpopulations with a more mature phenotype, and multiple ligand-receptor interactions were up-regulated between hiPSC-ECs and hiPSC-CMs, revealing a coordinated multifactorial mechanism of hiPSC-CM electrical maturation. Collectively, these findings show that hiPSC-ECs drive hiPSC-CM electrical maturation via multiple intercellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuwan Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessica C. Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ren Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hannah L.T. Elwell
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Morgan Sokol
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Junya Aoyama
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Undine-Sophie Deumer
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emma Hsiao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Sheng
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.L.), (R.T.L.)
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.L.), (R.T.L.)
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Tzialla C, Arossa A, Mannarino S, Orcesi S, Veggiotti P, Fiandrino G, Zuffardi O, Errichiello E. SCN2A and arrhythmia: A potential correlation? A case report and literature review. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Horváth B, Szentandrássy N, Almássy J, Dienes C, Kovács ZM, Nánási PP, Banyasz T. Late Sodium Current of the Heart: Where Do We Stand and Where Are We Going? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020231. [PMID: 35215342 PMCID: PMC8879921 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Late sodium current has long been linked to dysrhythmia and contractile malfunction in the heart. Despite the increasing body of accumulating information on the subject, our understanding of its role in normal or pathologic states is not complete. Even though the role of late sodium current in shaping action potential under physiologic circumstances is debated, it’s unquestioned role in arrhythmogenesis keeps it in the focus of research. Transgenic mouse models and isoform-specific pharmacological tools have proved useful in understanding the mechanism of late sodium current in health and disease. This review will outline the mechanism and function of cardiac late sodium current with special focus on the recent advances of the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Horváth
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Norbert Szentandrássy
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Almássy
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Csaba Dienes
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Zsigmond Máté Kovács
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Péter P. Nánási
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
- Department of Dental Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Banyasz
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-(52)-255-575; Fax: +36-(52)-255-116
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8
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Hézső T, Naveed M, Dienes C, Kiss D, Prorok J, Árpádffy-Lovas T, Varga R, Fujii E, Mercan T, Topal L, Kistamás K, Szentandrássy N, Almássy J, Jost N, Magyar J, Bányász T, Baczkó I, Varró A, Nánási PP, Virág L, Horváth B. Mexiletine-like cellular electrophysiological effects of GS967 in canine ventricular myocardium. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9565. [PMID: 33953276 PMCID: PMC8100105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancement of the late Na+ current (INaL) increases arrhythmia propensity in the heart, while suppression of the current is antiarrhythmic. GS967 is an agent considered as a selective blocker of INaL. In the present study, effects of GS967 on INaL and action potential (AP) morphology were studied in canine ventricular myocytes by using conventional voltage clamp, action potential voltage clamp and sharp microelectrode techniques. The effects of GS967 (1 µM) were compared to those of the class I/B antiarrhythmic compound mexiletine (40 µM). Under conventional voltage clamp conditions, INaL was significantly suppressed by GS967 and mexiletine, causing 80.4 ± 2.2% and 59.1 ± 1.8% reduction of the densities of INaL measured at 50 ms of depolarization, and 79.0 ± 3.1% and 63.3 ± 2.7% reduction of the corresponding current integrals, respectively. Both drugs shifted the voltage dependence of the steady-state inactivation curve of INaL towards negative potentials. GS967 and mexiletine dissected inward INaL profiles under AP voltage clamp conditions having densities, measured at 50% of AP duration (APD), of −0.37 ± 0.07 and −0.28 ± 0.03 A/F, and current integrals of −56.7 ± 9.1 and −46.6 ± 5.5 mC/F, respectively. Drug effects on peak Na+ current (INaP) were assessed by recording the maximum velocity of AP upstroke (V+max) in multicellular preparations. The offset time constant was threefold faster for GS967 than mexiletine (110 ms versus 289 ms), while the onset of the rate-dependent block was slower in the case of GS967. Effects on beat-to-beat variability of APD was studied in isolated myocytes. Beat-to-beat variability was significantly decreased by both GS967 and mexiletine (reduction of 42.1 ± 6.5% and 24.6 ± 12.8%, respectively) while their shortening effect on APD was comparable. It is concluded that the electrophysiological effects of GS967 are similar to those of mexiletine, but with somewhat faster offset kinetics of V+max block. However, since GS967 depressed V+max and INaL at the same concentration, the current view that GS967 represents a new class of drugs that selectively block INaL has to be questioned and it is suggested that GS967 should be classified as a class I/B antiarrhythmic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Hézső
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, 6701, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Dienes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dénes Kiss
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Prorok
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, 6701, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Árpádffy-Lovas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, 6701, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Richárd Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, 6701, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Fujii
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tanju Mercan
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Leila Topal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, 6701, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kornél Kistamás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Norbert Szentandrássy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Almássy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Norbert Jost
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, 6701, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Magyar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary.,Division of Sport Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bányász
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, 6701, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, 6701, Szeged, Hungary. .,MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary. .,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Péter P Nánási
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary. .,Department of Dental Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - László Virág
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, 6701, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Horváth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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9
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Voskobiynyk Y, Battu G, Felker SA, Cochran JN, Newton MP, Lambert LJ, Kesterson RA, Myers RM, Cooper GM, Roberson ED, Barsh GS. Aberrant regulation of a poison exon caused by a non-coding variant in a mouse model of Scn1a-associated epileptic encephalopathy. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009195. [PMID: 33411788 PMCID: PMC7790302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy that results from mutations in the Nav1.1 sodium channel encoded by SCN1A. Most known DS-causing mutations are in coding regions of SCN1A, but we recently identified several disease-associated SCN1A mutations in intron 20 that are within or near to a cryptic and evolutionarily conserved "poison" exon, 20N, whose inclusion is predicted to lead to transcript degradation. However, it is not clear how these intron 20 variants alter SCN1A expression or DS pathophysiology in an organismal context, nor is it clear how exon 20N is regulated in a tissue-specific and developmental context. We address those questions here by generating an animal model of our index case, NM_006920.4(SCN1A):c.3969+2451G>C, using gene editing to create the orthologous mutation in laboratory mice. Scn1a heterozygous knock-in (+/KI) mice exhibited an ~50% reduction in brain Scn1a mRNA and Nav1.1 protein levels, together with characteristics observed in other DS mouse models, including premature mortality, seizures, and hyperactivity. In brain tissue from adult Scn1a +/+ animals, quantitative RT-PCR assays indicated that ~1% of Scn1a mRNA included exon 20N, while brain tissue from Scn1a +/KI mice exhibited an ~5-fold increase in the extent of exon 20N inclusion. We investigated the extent of exon 20N inclusion in brain during normal fetal development in RNA-seq data and discovered that levels of inclusion were ~70% at E14.5, declining progressively to ~10% postnatally. A similar pattern exists for the homologous sodium channel Nav1.6, encoded by Scn8a. For both genes, there is an inverse relationship between the level of functional transcript and the extent of poison exon inclusion. Taken together, our findings suggest that poison exon usage by Scn1a and Scn8a is a strategy to regulate channel expression during normal brain development, and that mutations recapitulating a fetal-like pattern of splicing cause reduced channel expression and epileptic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Voskobiynyk
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments, of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Gopal Battu
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A. Felker
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
- Department of Department of Biotechnology Science and Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Hunstville, AL, United States AL, United States of America
| | - J. Nicholas Cochran
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Megan P. Newton
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Lambert
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Kesterson
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Gregory M. Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Erik D. Roberson
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments, of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GSB); (EDR)
| | - Gregory S. Barsh
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GSB); (EDR)
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10
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Susceptibility to Ventricular Arrhythmias Resulting from Mutations in FKBP1B, PXDNL, and SCN9A Evaluated in hiPSC Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8842398. [PMID: 32952569 PMCID: PMC7481990 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8842398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We report an inherited cardiac arrhythmia syndrome consisting of Brugada and Early Repolarization Syndrome associated with variants in SCN9A, PXDNL, and FKBP1B. The proband inherited the 3 mutations and exhibited palpitations and arrhythmia-mediated syncope, whereas the parents and sister, who carried one or two of the mutations, were asymptomatic. Methods and Results We assessed the functional impact of these mutations in induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) derived from the proband and an unaffected family member. Current and voltage clamp recordings, as well as confocal microscopy analysis of Ca2+ transients, were evaluated in hiPSC-CMs from the proband and compared these results with hiPSC-CMs from undiseased controls. Genetic analysis using next-generation DNA sequencing revealed heterozygous mutations in SCN9A, PXDNL, and FKBP1B in the proband. The proband displayed right bundle branch block and exhibited episodes of syncope. The father carried a mutation in FKBP1B, whereas the mother and sister carried the SCN9A mutation. None of the 3 family members screened developed cardiac events. Action potential recordings from control hiPSC-CM showed spontaneous activity and a low upstroke velocity. In contrast, the hiPSC-CM from the proband showed irregular spontaneous activity. Confocal microscopy of the hiPSC-CM of the proband revealed low fluorescence intensity Ca2+ transients that were episodic in nature. Patch-clamp measurements in hiPSC-CM showed no difference in INa but reduced ICa in the proband compared with control. Coexpression of PXDNL-R391Q with SCN5A-WT displayed lower INa density compared to PXDNL-WT. In addition, coexpression of PXDNL-R391Q with KCND3-WT displayed significantly higher Ito density compared to PXDNL-WT. Conclusion SCN9A, PXDNL, and FKBP1B variants appeared to alter spontaneous activity in hiPSC-CM. Only the proband carrying all 3 mutations displayed the ERS/BrS phenotype, whereas one nor two mutations alone did not produce the clinical phenotype. Our results suggest a polygenic cause of the BrS/ERS arrhythmic phenotype due to mutations in these three gene variants caused a very significant loss of function of INa and ICa and gain of function of Ito.
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11
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Menezes LFS, Sabiá Júnior EF, Tibery DV, Carneiro LDA, Schwartz EF. Epilepsy-Related Voltage-Gated Sodium Channelopathies: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1276. [PMID: 33013363 PMCID: PMC7461817 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a disease characterized by abnormal brain activity and a predisposition to generate epileptic seizures, leading to neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, social, and economic impacts for the patient. There are several known causes for epilepsy; one of them is the malfunction of ion channels, resulting from mutations. Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) play an essential role in the generation and propagation of action potential, and malfunction caused by mutations can induce irregular neuronal activity. That said, several genetic variations in NaV channels have been described and associated with epilepsy. These mutations can affect channel kinetics, modifying channel activation, inactivation, recovery from inactivation, and/or the current window. Among the NaV subtypes related to epilepsy, NaV1.1 is doubtless the most relevant, with more than 1500 mutations described. Truncation and missense mutations are the most observed alterations. In addition, several studies have already related mutated NaV channels with the electrophysiological functioning of the channel, aiming to correlate with the epilepsy phenotype. The present review provides an overview of studies on epilepsy-associated mutated human NaV1.1, NaV1.2, NaV1.3, NaV1.6, and NaV1.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Santos Menezes
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Elias Ferreira Sabiá Júnior
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Diogo Vieira Tibery
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Lilian Dos Anjos Carneiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Euro Americano, Brasília, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário do Planalto Central, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Ferroni Schwartz
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Abstract
Maturation is the last phase of heart development that prepares the organ for strong, efficient, and persistent pumping throughout the mammal's lifespan. This process is characterized by structural, gene expression, metabolic, and functional specializations in cardiomyocytes as the heart transits from fetal to adult states. Cardiomyocyte maturation gained increased attention recently due to the maturation defects in pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte, its antagonistic effect on myocardial regeneration, and its potential contribution to cardiac disease. Here, we review the major hallmarks of ventricular cardiomyocyte maturation and summarize key regulatory mechanisms that promote and coordinate these cellular events. With advances in the technical platforms used for cardiomyocyte maturation research, we expect significant progress in the future that will deepen our understanding of this process and lead to better maturation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte and novel therapeutic strategies for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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13
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Onkal R, Fraser SP, Djamgoz MB. Cationic Modulation of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (Nav1.5): Neonatal Versus Adult Splice Variants-1. Monovalent (H +) Ions. Bioelectricity 2019; 1:139-147. [PMID: 34471816 PMCID: PMC8370280 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2019.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Voltage-gated sodium channels are functionally expressed in human carcinomas. In breast and colon cancers, the neonatal splice variant of Nav1.5 (nNav1.5) is dominant. This differs from the adult (aNav1.5) by several amino acids, including an outer charge reversal (residue-211): negatively charged aspartate (aNav1.5) versus positively charged lysine (nNav1.5). Thus, nNav1.5 and aNav1.5 may respond to extracellular charges differently. Materials and Methods: We used whole-cell patch-clamp recording to compare the electrophysiological effects of the monovalent cation hydrogen (H+) on nNav1.5 and aNav1.5 expressed stably in EBNA cells. Results: Increasing the H+ concentration (acidifying pH) reduced channel conductance and inhibited peak currents. Also, there was a positive shift in the voltage dependence of activation. These changes were significantly smaller for nNav1.5, compared with aNav1.5. Conclusions: nNav1.5 was more resistant to the suppressive effects of acidification compared with aNav1.5. Thus, nNav1.5 may have an advantage in promoting metastasis from the acidified tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustem Onkal
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Biotechnology Research Centre (BRC), North Cyprus International University, North Cyprus
| | - Scott P. Fraser
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa B.A. Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Biotechnology Research Centre (BRC), North Cyprus International University, North Cyprus
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14
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Ahmad S, Tirilomis P, Pabel S, Dybkova N, Hartmann N, Molina CE, Tirilomis T, Kutschka I, Frey N, Maier LS, Hasenfuss G, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Sossalla S. The functional consequences of sodium channel Na V 1.8 in human left ventricular hypertrophy. ESC Heart Fail 2018; 6:154-163. [PMID: 30378291 PMCID: PMC6352890 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims In hypertrophy and heart failure, the proarrhythmic persistent Na+ current (INaL) is enhanced. We aimed to investigate the electrophysiological role of neuronal sodium channel NaV1.8 in human hypertrophied myocardium. Methods and results Myocardial tissue of 24 patients suffering from symptomatic severe aortic stenosis and concomitant significant afterload‐induced hypertrophy with preserved ejection fraction was used and compared with 12 healthy controls. We performed quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot and detected a significant up‐regulation of NaV1.8 mRNA (2.34‐fold) and protein expression (1.96‐fold) in human hypertrophied myocardium compared with healthy hearts. Interestingly, NaV1.5 protein expression was significantly reduced in parallel (0.60‐fold). Using whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique, we found that the prominent INaL was significantly reduced after addition of novel NaV1.8‐specific blockers either A‐803467 (30 nM) or PF‐01247324 (1 μM) in human hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. This clearly demonstrates the relevant contribution of NaV1.8 to this proarrhythmic current. We observed a significant action potential duration shortening and performed confocal microscopy, demonstrating a 50% decrease in proarrhythmic diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)‐Ca2+ leak and SR‐Ca2+ spark frequency after exposure to both NaV1.8 inhibitors. Conclusions We show for the first time that the neuronal sodium channel NaV1.8 is up‐regulated on mRNA and protein level in the human hypertrophied myocardium. Furthermore, inhibition of NaV1.8 reduced augmented INaL, abbreviated the action potential duration, and decreased the SR‐Ca2+ leak. The findings of our study suggest that NaV1.8 could be a promising antiarrhythmic therapeutic target and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Petros Tirilomis
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Pabel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nataliya Dybkova
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nico Hartmann
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Cristina E Molina
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Theodoros Tirilomis
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kutschka
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Molecular Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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15
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Molinarolo S, Lee S, Leisle L, Lueck JD, Granata D, Carnevale V, Ahern CA. Cross-kingdom auxiliary subunit modulation of a voltage-gated sodium channel. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4981-4992. [PMID: 29371400 PMCID: PMC5892571 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated, sodium ion-selective channels (NaV) generate electrical signals contributing to the upstroke of the action potential in animals. NaVs are also found in bacteria and are members of a larger family of tetrameric voltage-gated channels that includes CaVs, KVs, and NaVs. Prokaryotic NaVs likely emerged from a homotetrameric Ca2+-selective voltage-gated progenerator, and later developed Na+ selectivity independently. The NaV signaling complex in eukaryotes contains auxiliary proteins, termed beta (β) subunits, which are potent modulators of the expression profiles and voltage-gated properties of the NaV pore, but it is unknown whether they can functionally interact with prokaryotic NaV channels. Herein, we report that the eukaryotic NaVβ1-subunit isoform interacts with and enhances the surface expression as well as the voltage-dependent gating properties of the bacterial NaV, NaChBac in Xenopus oocytes. A phylogenetic analysis of the β-subunit gene family proteins confirms that these proteins appeared roughly 420 million years ago and that they have no clear homologues in bacterial phyla. However, a comparison between eukaryotic and bacterial NaV structures highlighted the presence of a conserved fold, which could support interactions with the β-subunit. Our electrophysiological, biochemical, structural, and bioinformatics results suggests that the prerequisites for β-subunit regulation are an evolutionarily stable and intrinsic property of some voltage-gated channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Molinarolo
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Sora Lee
- the Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, and
| | - Lilia Leisle
- the Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, and
| | - John D Lueck
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Daniele Granata
- the Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Vincenzo Carnevale
- the Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Christopher A Ahern
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242,
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16
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Early-onset epileptic encephalopathy with de novo SCN8A mutation. Epilepsy Res 2018; 139:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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18
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Xu Q, Patel D, Zhang X, Veenstra RD. Changes in cardiac Nav1.5 expression, function, and acetylation by pan-histone deacetylase inhibitors. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1139-H1149. [PMID: 27638876 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00156.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are small molecule anticancer therapeutics that exhibit limiting cardiotoxicities including QT interval prolongation and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Because the molecular mechanisms for HDAC inhibitor-induced cardiotoxicity are poorly understood, we performed whole cell patch voltage-clamp experiments to measure cardiac sodium currents (INa) from wild-type neonatal mouse ventricular or human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes treated with trichostatin A (TSA), vorinostat (VOR), or romidepsin (FK228). All three pan-HDAC inhibitors dose dependently decreased peak INa density and shifted the voltage activation curve 3- to 8-mV positive. Increases in late INa were not observed despite a moderate slowing of the inactivation rate at low activating potentials (<-40 mV). Scn5a mRNA levels were not significantly altered but NaV1.5 protein levels were significantly reduced. Immunoprecipitation with anti-NaV1.5 and Western blotting with anti-acetyl-lysine antibodies indicated that NaV1.5 acetylation is increased in vivo after HDAC inhibition. FK228 inhibited total cardiac HDAC activity with two apparent IC50s of 5 nM and 1.75 μM, consistent with previous findings with TSA and VOR. FK228 also decreased ventricular gap junction conductance (gj), again consistent with previous findings. We conclude that pan-HDAC inhibition reduces cardiac INa density and NaV1.5 protein levels without affecting late INa amplitude and, thus, probably does not contribute to the reported QT interval prolongation and arrhythmias associated with pan-HDAC inhibitor therapies. Conversely, reductions in gj may enhance the occurrence of triggered activity by limiting electrotonic inhibition and, combined with reduced INa, slow myocardial conduction and increase vulnerability to reentrant arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; and
| | - Dakshesh Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; and
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; and
| | - Richard D Veenstra
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; and .,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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Liu M, Yang KC, Dudley SC. Cardiac Sodium Channel Mutations: Why so Many Phenotypes? CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2016; 78:513-59. [PMID: 27586294 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac Na(+) channel (Nav1.5) conducts a depolarizing inward Na(+) current that is responsible for the generation of the upstroke Phase 0 of the action potential. In heart tissue, changes in Na(+) currents can affect conduction velocity and impulse propagation. The cardiac Nav1.5 is also involved in determination of the action potential duration, since some channels may reopen during the plateau phase, generating a persistent or late inward current. Mutations of cardiac Nav1.5 can induce gain or loss of channel function because of an increased late current or a decrease of peak current, respectively. Gain-of-function mutations cause Long QT syndrome type 3 and possibly atrial fibrillation, while loss-of-function channel mutations are associated with a wider variety of phenotypes, such as Brugada syndrome, cardiac conduction disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, and sick sinus node syndrome. The penetrance and phenotypes resulting from Nav1.5 mutations also vary with age, gender, body temperature, circadian rhythm, and between regions of the heart. This phenotypic variability makes it difficult to correlate genotype-phenotype. We propose that mutations are only one contributor to the phenotype and additional modifications on Nav1.5 lead to the phenotypic variability. Possible modifiers include other genetic variations and alterations in the life cycle of Nav1.5 such as gene transcription, RNA processing, translation, posttranslational modifications, trafficking, complex assembly, and degradation. In this chapter, we summarize potential modifiers of cardiac Nav1.5 that could help explain the clinically observed phenotypic variability. Consideration of these modifiers could help improve genotype-phenotype correlations and lead to new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liu
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - K-C Yang
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - S C Dudley
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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20
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Liu J, Laksman Z, Backx PH. The electrophysiological development of cardiomyocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:253-73. [PMID: 26788696 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The generation of human cardiomyocytes (CMs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has become an important resource for modeling human cardiac disease and for drug screening, and also holds significant potential for cardiac regeneration. Many challenges remain to be overcome however, before innovation in this field can translate into a change in the morbidity and mortality associated with heart disease. Of particular importance for the future application of this technology is an improved understanding of the electrophysiologic characteristics of CMs, so that better protocols can be developed and optimized for generating hPSC-CMs. Many different cell culture protocols are currently utilized to generate CMs from hPSCs and all appear to yield relatively “developmentally” immature CMs with highly heterogeneous electrical properties. These hPSC-CMs are characterized by spontaneous beating at highly variable rates with a broad range of depolarization-repolarization patterns, suggestive of mixed populations containing atrial, ventricular and nodal cells. Many recent studies have attempted to introduce approaches to promote maturation and to create cells with specific functional properties. In this review, we summarize the studies in which the electrical properties of CMs derived from stem cells have been examined. In order to place this information in a useful context, we also review the electrical properties of CMs as they transition from the developing embryo to the adult human heart. The signal pathways involved in the regulation of ion channel expression during development are also briefly considered.
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Biet M, Morin N, Lessard-Beaudoin M, Graham RK, Duss S, Gagné J, Sanon NT, Carmant L, Dumaine R. Prolongation of Action Potential Duration and QT Interval During Epilepsy Linked to Increased Contribution of Neuronal Sodium Channels to Cardiac Late Na
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Current. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015; 8:912-20. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.114.002693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Biet
- From the Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (M.B., N.M., M.L.-B., R.K.G., R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (S.D., J.G., N.T.S., L.C.)
| | - Nathalie Morin
- From the Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (M.B., N.M., M.L.-B., R.K.G., R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (S.D., J.G., N.T.S., L.C.)
| | - Melissa Lessard-Beaudoin
- From the Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (M.B., N.M., M.L.-B., R.K.G., R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (S.D., J.G., N.T.S., L.C.)
| | - Rona K. Graham
- From the Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (M.B., N.M., M.L.-B., R.K.G., R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (S.D., J.G., N.T.S., L.C.)
| | - Sandra Duss
- From the Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (M.B., N.M., M.L.-B., R.K.G., R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (S.D., J.G., N.T.S., L.C.)
| | - Jonathan Gagné
- From the Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (M.B., N.M., M.L.-B., R.K.G., R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (S.D., J.G., N.T.S., L.C.)
| | - Nathalie T. Sanon
- From the Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (M.B., N.M., M.L.-B., R.K.G., R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (S.D., J.G., N.T.S., L.C.)
| | - Lionel Carmant
- From the Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (M.B., N.M., M.L.-B., R.K.G., R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (S.D., J.G., N.T.S., L.C.)
| | - Robert Dumaine
- From the Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (M.B., N.M., M.L.-B., R.K.G., R.D.); and Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (S.D., J.G., N.T.S., L.C.)
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Roger S, Gillet L, Le Guennec JY, Besson P. Voltage-gated sodium channels and cancer: is excitability their primary role? Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:152. [PMID: 26283962 PMCID: PMC4518325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) are molecular characteristics of excitable cells. Their activation, triggered by membrane depolarization, generates transient sodium currents that initiate action potentials in neurons and muscle cells. Sodium currents were discovered by Hodgkin and Huxley using the voltage clamp technique and reported in their landmark series of papers in 1952. It was only in the 1980's that sodium channel proteins from excitable membranes were molecularly characterized by Catterall and his collaborators. Non-excitable cells can also express NaV channels in physiological conditions as well as in pathological conditions. These NaV channels can sustain biological roles that are not related to the generation of action potentials. Interestingly, it is likely that the abnormal expression of NaV in pathological tissues can reflect the re-expression of a fetal phenotype. This is especially true in epithelial cancer cells for which these channels have been identified and sodium currents recorded, while it was not the case for cells from the cognate normal tissues. In cancers, the functional activity of NaV appeared to be involved in regulating the proliferative, migrative, and invasive properties of cells. This review is aimed at addressing the non-excitable roles of NaV channels with a specific emphasis in the regulation of cancer cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Roger
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours Tours, France ; Département de Physiologie Animale, UFR Sciences and Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours Tours, France
| | - Ludovic Gillet
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Pierre Besson
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours Tours, France
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Gintant G. Cardiac Sodium Current (Na v1.5). METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527673643.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Krause U, Alflen C, Steinmetz M, Müller MJ, Quentin T, Paul T. Characterization of maturation of neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels SCN1A and SCN8A in rat myocardium. Mol Cell Pediatr 2015; 2:5. [PMID: 26542295 PMCID: PMC4530575 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-015-0015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium channels predominantly expressed in brain are expressed in myocardial tissue and play an important role in cardiac physiology. Alterations of sodium channels are known to result in neurological disease in infancy and childhood. It will be of interest to study the expression of brain-type sodium channels in the developing myocardium. Methods The expression of neuronal sodium channels (SCN1A, SCN8A) and the cardiac isoform SCN5A in the developing rat myocardium was studied by rtPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry at different stages of antenatal and postnatal development. Results Significant changes of sodium channel expression during development were detected. Whereas SCN5A RNA increased to maximum levels on day 21 after birth, the highest SCN1A RNA levels were detected on day 1 to 7 after birth. SCN8A RNA was maximally expressed during embryonic development. At the protein level, the amount of SCN5A protein increased along with the RNA level. SCN1A protein level decreased after birth in contrast to RNA expression. Western blot could not detect SCN8A protein in the myocardium at any stage of development. Immunohistochemistry however proved the presence of SCN8A protein in the developing rat myocardium. Conclusions Heart- and brain-type sodium channels are differentially expressed during ontogenesis. The high expression level of SCN1A in the perinatal period and early infancy indicates its importance in preserving a regular cardiac rhythm in this early phase of life. Altered regulation of sodium channels might result in severe cardiac rhythm disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Krause
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christian Alflen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Michael Steinmetz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Matthias J Müller
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Quentin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Paul
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
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Kong W, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Liu X, Gao K, Xie H, Wang J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Wu X, Jiang Y. SCN8Amutations in Chinese children with early onset epilepsy and intellectual disability. Epilepsia 2015; 56:431-8. [PMID: 25785782 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Kong
- Department of Pediatrics; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Pediatrics; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Pediatrics; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Xiru Wu
- Department of Pediatrics; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
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Monfredi O, Boyett MR. Sick sinus syndrome and atrial fibrillation in older persons - A view from the sinoatrial nodal myocyte. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:88-100. [PMID: 25668431 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sick sinus syndrome remains a highly relevant clinical entity, being responsible for the implantation of the majority of electronic pacemakers worldwide. It is an infinitely more complex disease than it was believed when first described in the mid part of the 20th century. It not only involves the innate leading pacemaker region of the heart, the sinoatrial node, but also the atrial myocardium, predisposing to atrial tachydysrhythmias. It remains controversial as to whether the dysfunction of the sinoatrial node directly causes the dysfunction of the atrial myocardium, or vice versa, or indeed whether these two aspects of the condition arise through some related underlying pathological mechanism, such as extracellular matrix remodeling, i.e., fibrosis. This review aims to shed new light on the myriad possible contributing factors in the development of sick sinus syndrome, with a particular focus on the sinoatrial nodal myocyte. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled CV Aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Monfredi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
| | - M R Boyett
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
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Zimmer T, Haufe V, Blechschmidt S. Voltage-gated sodium channels in the mammalian heart. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2014; 2014:449-63. [PMID: 25780798 PMCID: PMC4355518 DOI: 10.5339/gcsp.2014.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian species express nine functional voltage-gated Na(+) channels. Three of them, the cardiac-specific isoform Nav1.5 and the neuronal isoforms Nav1.8 and Nav1.9, are relatively resistant to the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX; IC50 ≥ 1 μM). The other six isoforms are highly sensitive to TTX with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. These isoforms are expressed in the central nervous system (Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.6), in the skeletal muscle (Nav1.4), and in the peripheral nervous system (Nav1.6, Nav1.7). The isoform Nav1.5, encoded by the SCN5A gene, is responsible for the upstroke of the action potential in the heart. Mutations in SCN5A are associated with a variety of life-threatening arrhythmias, like long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3), Brugada syndrome (BrS) or cardiac conduction disease (CCD). Previous immunohistochemical and electrophysiological assays demonstrated the cardiac expression of neuronal and skeletal muscle Na(+) channels in the heart of various mammals, which led to far-reaching speculations on their function. However, when comparing the Na(+) channel mRNA patterns in the heart of various mammalian species, only minute quantities of transcripts for TTX-sensitive Na(+) channels were detectable in whole pig and human hearts, suggesting that these channels are not involved in cardiac excitation phenomena in higher mammals. This conclusion is strongly supported by the fact that mutations in TTX-sensitive Na(+) channels were associated with epilepsy or skeletal muscle diseases, rather than with a pathological cardiac phenotype. Moreover, previous data from TTX-intoxicated animals and from cases of human tetrodotoxication showed that low TTX dosages caused at most little alterations of both the cardiac output and the electrocardiogram. Recently, genome-wide association studies identified SCN10A, the gene encoding Nav1.8, as a determinant of cardiac conduction parameters, and mutations in SCN10A have been associated with BrS. These novel findings opened a fascinating new research area in the cardiac ion channel field, and the on-going debate on how SCN10A/Nav1.8 affects cardiac conduction is very exciting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zimmer
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Kollegiengasse 9, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Steve Blechschmidt
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Kollegiengasse 9, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Kirchhof P, Tal T, Fabritz L, Klimas J, Nesher N, Schulte JS, Ehling P, Kanyshkova T, Budde T, Nikol S, Fortmueller L, Stallmeyer B, Müller FU, Schulze-Bahr E, Schmitz W, Zlotkin E, Kirchhefer U. First report on an inotropic peptide activating tetrodotoxin-sensitive, "neuronal" sodium currents in the heart. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 8:79-88. [PMID: 25424392 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New therapeutic approaches to improve cardiac contractility without severe risk would improve the management of acute heart failure. Increasing systolic sodium influx can increase cardiac contractility, but most sodium channel activators have proarrhythmic effects that limit their clinical use. Here, we report the cardiac effects of a novel positive inotropic peptide isolated from the toxin of the Black Judean scorpion that activates neuronal tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels. METHODS AND RESULTS All venoms and peptides were isolated from Black Judean Scorpions (Buthotus Hottentotta) caught in the Judean Desert. The full scorpion venom increased left ventricular function in sedated mice in vivo, prolonged ventricular repolarization, and provoked ventricular arrhythmias. An inotropic peptide (BjIP) isolated from the full venom by chromatography increased cardiac contractility but did neither provoke ventricular arrhythmias nor prolong cardiac repolarization. BjIP increased intracellular calcium in ventricular cardiomyocytes and prolonged inactivation of the cardiac sodium current. Low concentrations of tetrodotoxin (200 nmol/L) abolished the effect of BjIP on calcium transients and sodium current. BjIP did not alter the function of Nav1.5, but selectively activated the brain-type sodium channels Nav1.6 or Nav1.3 in cellular electrophysiological recordings obtained from rodent thalamic slices. Nav1.3 (SCN3A) mRNA was detected in human and mouse heart tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot experiments suggest that selective activation of tetrodotoxin-sensitive neuronal sodium channels can safely increase cardiac contractility. As such, the peptide described here may become a lead compound for a new class of positive inotropic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulus Kirchhof
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.).
| | - Tzachy Tal
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Jan Klimas
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Nir Nesher
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Jan S Schulte
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Petra Ehling
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Tatayana Kanyshkova
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Thomas Budde
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Sigrid Nikol
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Lisa Fortmueller
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Birgit Stallmeyer
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Frank U Müller
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Eric Schulze-Bahr
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Wilhelm Schmitz
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Eliahu Zlotkin
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.K., L.F., S.N., L.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J.K., J.S.S., F.U.M., W.S., U.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH) (B.S., E.S.-B.), Hospital of the University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and SWBH NHS Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K., L.F.); Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (T.T.); Department of Animal and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (T.T., N.N., E.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (J.K.); Department of Neurology, and Division of Neuropathophysiology, Institute of Physiology I (P.E.) and Institute of Physiology I (T.K., T.B.), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and Department of Clinical and Interventional Angiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany (S.N.)
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Mishra S, Reznikov V, Maltsev VA, Undrovinas NA, Sabbah HN, Undrovinas A. Contribution of sodium channel neuronal isoform Nav1.1 to late sodium current in ventricular myocytes from failing hearts. J Physiol 2014; 593:1409-27. [PMID: 25772296 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.278259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Late Na(+) current (INaL) contributes to action potential remodelling and Ca(2+)/Na(+) changes in heart failure. The molecular identity of INaL remains unclear. The contributions of different Na(+) channel isoforms, apart from the cardiac isoform, remain unknown. We discovered and characterized a substantial contribution of neuronal isoform Nav1.1 to INaL. This new component is physiologically relevant to the control of action potential shape and duration, as well as to cell Ca(2+) dynamics, especially in heart failure. ABSTRACT Late Na(+) current (INaL) contributes to action potential (AP) duration and Ca(2+) handling in cardiac cells. Augmented INaL was implicated in delayed repolarization and impaired Ca(2+) handling in heart failure (HF). We tested if Na(+) channel (Nav) neuronal isoforms contribute to INaL and Ca(2+) cycling defects in HF in 17 dogs in which HF was achieved via sequential coronary artery embolizations. Six normal dogs served as control. Transient Na(+) current (INaT ) and INaL in left ventricular cardiomyocytes (VCMs) were recorded by patch clamp while Ca(2+) dynamics was monitored using Fluo-4. Virally delivered short interfering RNA (siRNA) ensured Nav1.1 and Nav1.5 post-transcriptional silencing. The expression of six Navs was observed in failing VCMs as follows: Nav1.5 (57.3%) > Nav1.2 (15.3%) > Nav1.1 (11.6%) > Nav2.1 (10.7%) > Nav1.3 (4.6%) > Nav1.6 (0.5%). Failing VCMs showed up-regulation of Nav1.1 expression, but reduction of Nav1.6 mRNA. A similar Nav expression pattern was found in samples from human hearts with ischaemic HF. VCMs with silenced Nav1.5 exhibited residual INaT and INaL (∼30% of control) with rightwardly shifted steady-state activation and inactivation. These currents were tetrodotoxin sensitive but resistant to MTSEA, a specific Nav1.5 blocker. The amplitude of the tetrodotoxin-sensitive INaL was 0.1709 ± 0.0299 pA pF(-1) (n = 7 cells) and the decay time constant was τ = 790 ± 76 ms (n = 5). This INaL component was lacking in VCMs with a silenced Nav1.1 gene, indicating that, among neuronal isoforms, Nav1.1 provides the largest contribution to INaL. At -10 mV this contribution is ∼60% of total INaL. Our further experimental and in silico examinations showed that this new Nav1.1 INaL component contributes to Ca(2+) accumulation in failing VCMs and modulates AP shape and duration. In conclusion, we have discovered an Nav1.1-originated INaL component in dog heart ventricular cells. This component is physiologically relevant to controlling AP shape and duration, as well as to cell Ca(2+) dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhish Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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30
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Tsumoto K, Ashihara T, Haraguchi R, Nakazawa K, Kurachi Y. Ischemia-related subcellular redistribution of sodium channels enhances the proarrhythmic effect of class I antiarrhythmic drugs: a simulation study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109271. [PMID: 25279776 PMCID: PMC4184874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyocytes located at the ischemic border zone of infarcted ventricle are accompanied by redistribution of gap junctions, which mediate electrical transmission between cardiomyocytes. This ischemic border zone provides an arrhythmogenic substrate. It was also shown that sodium (Na+) channels are redistributed within myocytes located in the ischemic border zone. However, the roles of the subcellular redistribution of Na+ channels in the arrhythmogenicity under ischemia remain unclear. METHODS Computer simulations of excitation conduction were performed in a myofiber model incorporating both subcellular Na+ channel redistribution and the electric field mechanism, taking into account the intercellular cleft potentials. RESULTS We found in the myofiber model that the subcellular redistribution of the Na+ channels under myocardial ischemia, decreasing in Na+ channel expression of the lateral cell membrane of each myocyte, decreased the tissue excitability, resulting in conduction slowing even without any ischemia-related electrophysiological change. The conventional model (i.e., without the electric field mechanism) did not reproduce the conduction slowing caused by the subcellular Na+ channel redistribution. Furthermore, Na+ channel blockade with the coexistence of a non-ischemic zone with an ischemic border zone expanded the vulnerable period for reentrant tachyarrhythmias compared to the model without the ischemic border zone. Na+ channel blockade tended to cause unidirectional conduction block at sites near the ischemic border zone. Thus, such a unidirectional conduction block induced by a premature stimulus at sites near the ischemic border zone is associated with the initiation of reentrant tachyarrhythmias. CONCLUSIONS Proarrhythmia of Na+ channel blockade in patients with old myocardial infarction might be partly attributable to the ischemia-related subcellular Na+ channel redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunichika Tsumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate school of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Ashihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ryo Haraguchi
- Department of Medical Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science and Information Management, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kurachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate school of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Abstract
Mutations of the cardiac sodium channel (Nav1.5) can induce gain or loss of channel function. Gain-of-function mutations can cause long QT syndrome type 3 and possibly atrial fibrillation, whereas loss-of-function mutations are associated with a variety of phenotypes, such as Brugada syndrome, cardiac conduction disease, sick sinus syndrome, and possibly dilated cardiomyopathy. The phenotypes produced by Nav1.5 mutations vary according to the direct effect of the mutation on channel biophysics, but also with age, sex, body temperature, and between regions of the heart. This phenotypic variability makes genotype-phenotype correlations difficult. In this Perspectives article, we propose that phenotypic variability not ascribed to mutation-dependent changes in channel function might be the result of additional modifiers of channel behaviour, such as other genetic variation and alterations in transcription, RNA processing, translation, post-translational modifications, and protein degradation. Consideration of these modifiers might help to improve genotype-phenotype correlations and lead to new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, APC730, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, APC730, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Samuel C Dudley
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, APC730, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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32
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Gould HJ, Soignier RD, Cho SR, Hernandez C, Diamond I, Taylor BK, Paul D. Ranolazine Attenuates Mechanical Allodynia Associated with Demyelination Injury. PAIN MEDICINE 2014; 15:1771-80. [DOI: 10.1111/pme.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Assembly of the cardiac intercalated disk during pre- and postnatal development of the human heart. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94722. [PMID: 24733085 PMCID: PMC3986238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cardiac muscle, the intercalated disk (ID) at the longitudinal cell-edges of cardiomyocytes provides as a macromolecular infrastructure that integrates mechanical and electrical coupling within the heart. Pathophysiological disturbance in composition of this complex is well known to trigger cardiac arrhythmias and pump failure. The mechanisms underlying assembly of this important cellular domain in human heart is currently unknown. METHODS We collected 18 specimens from individuals that died from non-cardiovascular causes. Age of the specimens ranged from a gestational age of 15 weeks through 11 years postnatal. Immunohistochemical labeling was performed against proteins comprising desmosomes, adherens junctions, the cardiac sodium channel and gap junctions to visualize spatiotemporal alterations in subcellular location of the proteins. RESULTS Changes in spatiotemporal localization of the adherens junction proteins (N-cadherin and ZO-1) and desmosomal proteins (plakoglobin, desmoplakin and plakophilin-2) were identical in all subsequent ages studied. After an initial period of diffuse and lateral labelling, all proteins were fully localized in the ID at approximately 1 year after birth. Nav1.5 that composes the cardiac sodium channel and the gap junction protein Cx43 follow a similar pattern but their arrival in the ID is detected at (much) later stages (two years for Nav1.5 and seven years for Cx43, respectively). CONCLUSION Our data on developmental maturation of the ID in human heart indicate that generation of the mechanical junctions at the ID precedes that of the electrical junctions with a significant difference in time. In addition arrival of the electrical junctions (Nav1.5 and Cx43) is not uniform since sodium channels localize much earlier than gap junction channels.
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Ono T, Hayashida M, Tezuka A, Hayakawa H, Ohno Y. Antagonistic effects of tetrodotoxin on aconitine-induced cardiac toxicity. J NIPPON MED SCH 2014; 80:350-61. [PMID: 24189353 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.80.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aconitine, well-known for its high cardiotoxicity, causes severe arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, by opening membrane sodium channels. Tetrodotoxin, a membrane sodium-channel blocker, is thought to antagonize aconitine activity. Tetrodotoxin is a potent blocker of the skeletal muscle sodium-channel isoform Na(v)1.4 (IC50 10 nM), but micromolar concentrations of tetrodotoxin are required to inhibit the primary cardiac isoform Na(v)1.5. This suggests that substantial concentrations of tetrodotoxin are required to alleviate the cardiac toxicity caused by aconitine. To elucidate the interaction between aconitine and tetrodotoxin in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, mixtures of aconitine and tetrodotoxin were simultaneously administered to mice, and the effects on electrocardiograms, breathing rates, and arterial oxygen saturation were examined. Compared with mice treated with aconitine alone, some mice treated with aconitine-tetrodotoxin mixtures showed lower mortality rates and delayed appearance of arrhythmia. The decreased breathing rates and arterial oxygen saturation observed in mice receiving aconitine alone were alleviated in mice that survived after receiving the aconitine-tetrodotoxin mixture; this result suggests that tetrodotoxin is antagonistic to aconitine. When the tetrodotoxin dose is greater than the dose that can block tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels, which are excessively activated by aconitine, tetrodotoxin toxicity becomes prominent, and the mortality rate increases because of the respiratory effects of tetrodotoxin. In terms of cardiotoxicity, mice receiving the aconitine-tetrodotoxin mixture showed minor and shorter periods of change on electrocardiography. This finding can be explained by the recent discovery of tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium-channel cardiac isoforms (Na(v)1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and 1.6).
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35
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Jones DK, Ruben PC. Proton modulation of cardiac I Na: a potential arrhythmogenic trigger. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2014; 221:169-81. [PMID: 24737236 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-41588-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels generate the upstroke and mediate duration of the ventricular action potential, thus they play a critical role in mediating cardiac excitability. Cardiac ischemia triggers extracellular pH to drop as low as pH 6.0, within just 10 min of its onset. Heightened proton concentrations reduce sodium conductance and alter the gating parameters of the cardiac-specific voltage-gated sodium channel, NaV1.5. Most notably, acidosis destabilizes fast inactivation, which plays a critical role in regulating action potential duration. The changes in NaV1.5 channel gating contribute to cardiac dysfunction during ischemia that can cause syncope, cardiac arrhythmia, and even sudden cardiac death. Understanding NaV channel modulation by protons is paramount to treatment and prevention of the deleterious effects of cardiac ischemia and other triggers of cardiac acidosis.
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36
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Hassan N, Tchao J, Tobita K. Concise review: skeletal muscle stem cells and cardiac lineage: potential for heart repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 3:183-93. [PMID: 24371329 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Valuable and ample resources have been spent over the last two decades in pursuit of interventional strategies to treat the unmet demand of heart failure patients to restore myocardial structure and function. At present, it is clear that full restoration of myocardial structure and function is outside our reach from both clinical and basic research studies, but it may be achievable with a combination of ongoing research, creativity, and perseverance. Since the 1990s, skeletal myoblasts have been extensively investigated for cardiac cell therapy of congestive heart failure. Whereas the Myoblast Autologous Grafting in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (MAGIC) trial revealed that transplanted skeletal myoblasts did not integrate into the host myocardium and also did not transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes despite some beneficial effects on recipient myocardial function, recent studies suggest that skeletal muscle-derived stem cells have the ability to adopt a cardiomyocyte phenotype in vitro and in vivo. This brief review endeavors to summarize the importance of skeletal muscle stem cells and how they can play a key role to surpass current results in the future and enhance the efficacious implementation of regenerative cell therapy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmeen Hassan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Department of Bioengineering, and McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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37
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Westenbroek RE, Bischoff S, Fu Y, Maier SKG, Catterall WA, Scheuer T. Localization of sodium channel subtypes in mouse ventricular myocytes using quantitative immunocytochemistry. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 64:69-78. [PMID: 23982034 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels are responsible for the rising phase of the action potential in cardiac muscle. Previously, both TTX-sensitive neuronal sodium channels (NaV1.1, NaV1.2, NaV1.3, NaV1.4 and NaV1.6) and the TTX-resistant cardiac sodium channel (NaV1.5) have been detected in cardiac myocytes, but relative levels of protein expression of the isoforms were not determined. Using a quantitative approach, we analyzed z-series of confocal microscopy images from individual mouse myocytes stained with either anti-NaV1.1, anti-NaV1.2, anti-NaV1.3, anti-NaV1.4, anti-NaV1.5, or anti-NaV1.6 antibodies and calculated the relative intensity of staining for these sodium channel isoforms. Our results indicate that the TTX-sensitive channels represented approximately 23% of the total channels, whereas the TTX-resistant NaV1.5 channel represented 77% of the total channel staining in mouse ventricular myocytes. These ratios are consistent with previous electrophysiological studies in mouse ventricular myocytes. NaV1.5 was located at the cell surface, with high density at the intercalated disc, but was absent from the transverse (t)-tubular system, suggesting that these channels support surface conduction and inter-myocyte transmission. Low-level cell surface staining of NaV1.4 and NaV1.6 channels suggest a minor role in surface excitation and conduction. Conversely, NaV1.1 and NaV1.3 channels are localized to the t-tubules and are likely to support t-tubular transmission of the action potential to the myocyte interior. This quantitative immunocytochemical approach for assessing sodium channel density and localization provides a more precise view of the relative importance and possible roles of these individual sodium channel protein isoforms in mouse ventricular myocytes and may be applicable to other species and cardiac tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Westenbroek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7280, USA.
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38
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Abstract
An electrophysiological analysis of canine single ventricular myocardial (VM) and Purkinje (P) cells was carried out by means of whole cell voltage clamp method. The following results in VM versus P cells were obtained. INa3 was present, had a threshold negative to the fast activating-inactivating INa1, its slow inactivation was cut off by INa1, and contributed to Na+ influx at INa1 threshold. INa1 was smaller and had a less negative threshold. There was no comparable slowly inactivating INa2, accounting for the shorter action potential. Slope conductance at resting potential was about double and decreased to a minimum value at the larger and less negative IK1 peak. The negative slope region of I-V relation was smaller during fast ramps and larger during slow ramps than in P cells, occurred in the voltage range of IK1 block by Mg2+, was not affected by a lower Vh and TTX and was eliminated by Ba2+, in contrast to P cells. ICa was larger, peaked at positive potentials and was eliminated by Ni2+. Ito was much smaller, began at more positive values, was abolished by less negative Vh and by 4-aminopyridine, included a sustained current that 4-aminopyridine decreased but did not eliminate. Steeper ramps increased IK1 peak as well as the fall in outward current during repolarization, consistent with a time-dependent block and unblock of IK1 by polyamines. During repolarization, the positive slope region was consistently present and was similar in amplitude to IK1 peak, whereas it was small or altogether missing in P cells. The total outward current at positive potentials comprised a larger IK1 component whereas it included a larger Ito and sustained current in P cells. These and other results provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the action potential of VM and P cells under normal and some abnormal (arrhythmias) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vassalle
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, U.S.A
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Kaufmann SG, Westenbroek RE, Maass AH, Lange V, Renner A, Wischmeyer E, Bonz A, Muck J, Ertl G, Catterall WA, Scheuer T, Maier SK. Distribution and function of sodium channel subtypes in human atrial myocardium. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 61:133-141. [PMID: 23702286 PMCID: PMC3906922 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels composed of a pore-forming α subunit and auxiliary β subunits are responsible for the upstroke of the action potential in cardiac muscle. However, their localization and expression patterns in human myocardium have not yet been clearly defined. We used immunohistochemical methods to define the level of expression and the subcellular localization of sodium channel α and β subunits in human atrial myocytes. Nav1.2 channels are located in highest density at intercalated disks where β1 and β3 subunits are also expressed. Nav1.4 and the predominant Nav1.5 channels are located in a striated pattern on the cell surface at the z-lines together with β2 subunits. Nav1.1, Nav1.3, and Nav1.6 channels are located in scattered puncta on the cell surface in a pattern similar to β3 and β4 subunits. Nav1.5 comprised approximately 88% of the total sodium channel staining, as assessed by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Functional studies using whole cell patch-clamp recording and measurements of contractility in human atrial cells and tissue showed that TTX-sensitive (non-Nav1.5) α subunit isoforms account for up to 27% of total sodium current in human atrium and are required for maximal contractility. Overall, our results show that multiple sodium channel α and β subunits are differentially localized in subcellular compartments in human atrial myocytes, suggesting that they play distinct roles in initiation and conduction of the action potential and in excitation-contraction coupling. TTX-sensitive sodium channel isoforms, even though expressed at low levels relative to TTX-sensitive Nav1.5, contribute substantially to total cardiac sodium current and are required for normal contractility. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Na(+) Regulation in Cardiac Myocytes".
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann G. Kaufmann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ruth E. Westenbroek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7280, USA
| | - Alexander H. Maass
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Volkmar Lange
- Thoracic Surgery, Hospital St. Raphael, Ostercappeln, Germany
| | - Andre Renner
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | | | | | - Jenny Muck
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Ertl
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - William A. Catterall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7280, USA
| | - Todd Scheuer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7280, USA
| | - Sebastian K.G. Maier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Hospital St. Elisabeth Straubing, Straubing, Germany
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40
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Aronsen JM, Swift F, Sejersted OM. Cardiac sodium transport and excitation-contraction coupling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 61:11-9. [PMID: 23774049 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The excitation-contraction coupling (EC-coupling) links membrane depolarization with contraction in cardiomyocytes. Ca(2+) induced opening of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) leads to Ca(2+) induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) into the dyadic cleft between the t-tubules and SR. Ca(2+) is removed from the cytosol by the SR Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA2) and the Na,Ca-exchanger (NCX). The NCX connects cardiac Ca(2+) and Na(+)-transport, leading to Na(+)-dependent regulation of EC-coupling by several mechanisms of which some still lack firm experimental evidence. Firstly, NCX might contribute to CICR during an action potential (AP) as Na(+)-accumulation at the intracellular site together with depolarization will trigger reverse mode exchange bringing Ca(2+) into the dyadic cleft. The controversial issue is the nature of the compartment in which Na(+) accumulates. It seems not to be the bulk cytosol, but is it part of a widespread subsarcolemmal space, a localized microdomain ("fuzzy space"), or as we propose, a more localized "spot" to which only a few membrane proteins have shared access (nanodomains)? Also, there seems to be spots where the Na,K-pump (NKA) will cause local Na(+) depletion. Secondly, Na(+) determines the rate of cytosolic Ca(2+) removal and SR Ca(2+) load by regulating the SERCA2/NCX-balance during the decay of the Ca(2+) transient. The aim of this review is to describe available data and current concepts of Na(+)-mediated regulation of cardiac EC-coupling, with special focus on subcellular microdomains and the potential roles of Na(+) transport proteins in regulating CICR and Ca(2+) extrusion in cardiomyocytes. We propose that voltage gated Na(+) channels, NCX and the NKA α2-isoform all regulate cardiac EC-coupling through control of the "Na(+) concentration in specific subcellular nanodomains in cardiomyocytes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Na(+) Regulation in Cardiac Myocytes."
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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41
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Cavanaugh J, French JA. Post-partum variation in the expression of paternal care is unrelated to urinary steroid metabolites in marmoset fathers. Horm Behav 2013; 63:551-8. [PMID: 23439223 PMCID: PMC3746002 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The organization and activation of maternal care are known to be highly regulated by hormones and there is growing evidence that expression of paternal care is also related to endocrine substrates. We examined the relationship between paternal behavior and steroid hormones in marmoset fathers (Callithrix geoffroyi) and evaluated whether hormone-paternal behavior relationships were altered by previous offspring-care experience in males. Based on previous findings, we predicted that testosterone, estradiol, and cortisol would decrease following the birth of offspring and would be lowest during the period of maximal infant carrying. Furthermore, we predicted that post-partum changes in carrying effort and hormone levels would be influenced by the level of offspring-care experience. Carrying effort and other paternal care behaviors underwent temporal changes over the post-partum period, but these patterns were not related to variation in hormone concentrations over the same period. There was a limited effect of offspring-care experience on hormone concentrations, but experience was found to play a role in the expression of paternal care, with experienced fathers engaging in significantly more infant allogrooming than inexperienced fathers. Furthermore, inexperienced fathers increased the frequency of food sharing in response to infant begging across the post-partum period, while experienced fathers displayed consistently low levels. We posit that a combination of experiential factors and an increased role for alloparents in offspring-care led to these changes. However, it appears that hormonal changes may not influence paternal responsiveness in white-faced marmoset fathers and that hormone-paternal behavior relationships are not critically dependent on a male's previous offspring-care experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Cavanaugh
- Callitrichid Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
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Ednie AR, Horton KK, Wu J, Bennett ES. Expression of the sialyltransferase, ST3Gal4, impacts cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel activity, refractory period and ventricular conduction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 59:117-27. [PMID: 23471032 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The sequential glycosylation process typically ends with sialic acid residues added through trans-Golgi sialyltransferase activity. Individuals afflicted with congenital disorders of glycosylation often have reduced glycoprotein sialylation and present with multi-system symptoms including hypotonia, seizures, arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac voltage-gated Na(+) channel (Nav) activity can be influenced by sialic acids likely contributing to an external surface potential causing channels to gate at less depolarized voltages. Here, a possible pathophysiological role for reduced sialylation is investigated by questioning the impact of gene deletion of the uniformly expressed beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4 (ST3Gal4) on cardiac Nav activity, cellular refractory period and ventricular conduction. Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments showed that ventricular Nav from ST3Gal4 deficient mice (ST3Gal4(-/-)) gated at more depolarized potentials, inactivated more slowly and recovered from fast inactivation more rapidly than WT controls. Current-clamp recordings indicated a 20% increase in time to action potential peak and a 30ms decrease in ST3Gal4(-/-) myocyte refractory period, concurrent with increased Nav recovery rate. Nav expression, distribution and maximal Na(+) current levels were unaffected by ST3Gal4 expression, indicating that reduced sialylation does not impact Nav surface expression and distribution. However, enzymatic desialylation suggested that ST3Gal4(-/-) ventricular Nav are less sialylated. Consistent with the shortened myocyte refractory period, epicardial conduction experiments using optical mapping techniques demonstrated a 27% reduction in minimum ventricular refractory period and increased susceptibility to arrhythmias in ST3Gal4(-/-) ventricles. Thus, deletion of a single sialyltransferase significantly impacts ventricular myocyte electrical signaling. These studies offer insight into diseases of glycosylation that are often associated with pathological changes in excitability and highlight the importance of glycosylation in cardiac physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Ednie
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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In vitro epigenetic reprogramming of human cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells into functionally competent cardiovascular precursors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51694. [PMID: 23284745 PMCID: PMC3524246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult human cardiac mesenchymal-like stromal cells (CStC) represent a relatively accessible cell type useful for therapy. In this light, their conversion into cardiovascular precursors represents a potential successful strategy for cardiac repair. The aim of the present work was to reprogram CStC into functionally competent cardiovascular precursors using epigenetically active small molecules. CStC were exposed to low serum (5% FBS) in the presence of 5 µM all-trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA), 5 µM Phenyl Butyrate (PB), and 200 µM diethylenetriamine/nitric oxide (DETA/NO), to create a novel epigenetically active cocktail (EpiC). Upon treatment the expression of markers typical of cardiac resident stem cells such as c-Kit and MDR-1 were up-regulated, together with the expression of a number of cardiovascular-associated genes including KDR, GATA6, Nkx2.5, GATA4, HCN4, NaV1.5, and α-MHC. In addition, profiling analysis revealed that a significant number of microRNA involved in cardiomyocyte biology and cell differentiation/proliferation, including miR 133a, 210 and 34a, were up-regulated. Remarkably, almost 45% of EpiC-treated cells exhibited a TTX-sensitive sodium current and, to a lower extent in a few cells, also the pacemaker I(f) current. Mechanistically, the exposure to EpiC treatment introduced global histone modifications, characterized by increased levels of H3K4Me3 and H4K16Ac, as well as reduced H4K20Me3 and H3s10P, a pattern compatible with reduced proliferation and chromatin relaxation. Consistently, ChIP experiments performed with H3K4me3 or H3s10P histone modifications revealed the presence of a specific EpiC-dependent pattern in c-Kit, MDR-1, and Nkx2.5 promoter regions, possibly contributing to their modified expression. Taken together, these data indicate that CStC may be epigenetically reprogrammed to acquire molecular and biological properties associated with competent cardiovascular precursors.
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Role of “non-cardiac” voltage-gated sodium channels in cardiac cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:589-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Biet M, Barajas-Martínez H, Ton AT, Delabre JF, Morin N, Dumaine R. About half of the late sodium current in cardiac myocytes from dog ventricle is due to non-cardiac-type Na+ channels. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:593-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abd Allah ES, Aslanidi OV, Tellez JO, Yanni J, Billeter R, Zhang H, Dobrzynski H, Boyett MR. Postnatal development of transmural gradients in expression of ion channels and Ca2+-handling proteins in the ventricle. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:145-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Clause KC, Tchao J, Powell MC, Liu LJ, Huard J, Keller BB, Tobita K. Developing cardiac and skeletal muscle share fast-skeletal myosin heavy chain and cardiac troponin-I expression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40725. [PMID: 22808244 PMCID: PMC3393685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) transplanted into injured myocardium can differentiate into fast skeletal muscle specific myosin heavy chain (sk-fMHC) and cardiac specific troponin-I (cTn-I) positive cells sustaining recipient myocardial function. We have recently found that MDSCs differentiate into a cardiomyocyte phenotype within a three-dimensional gel bioreactor. It is generally accepted that terminally differentiated myocardium or skeletal muscle only express cTn-I or sk-fMHC, respectively. Studies have shown the presence of non-cardiac muscle proteins in the developing myocardium or cardiac proteins in pathological skeletal muscle. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that normal developing myocardium and skeletal muscle transiently share both sk-fMHC and cTn-I proteins. Immunohistochemistry, western blot, and RT-PCR analyses were carried out in embryonic day 13 (ED13) and 20 (ED20), neonatal day 0 (ND0) and 4 (ND4), postnatal day 10 (PND10), and 8 week-old adult female Lewis rat ventricular myocardium and gastrocnemius muscle. Confocal laser microscopy revealed that sk-fMHC was expressed as a typical striated muscle pattern within ED13 ventricular myocardium, and the striated sk-fMHC expression was lost by ND4 and became negative in adult myocardium. cTn-I was not expressed as a typical striated muscle pattern throughout the myocardium until PND10. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses revealed that gene and protein expression patterns of cardiac and skeletal muscle transcription factors and sk-fMHC within ventricular myocardium and skeletal muscle were similar at ED20, and the expression patterns became cardiac or skeletal muscle specific during postnatal development. These findings provide new insight into cardiac muscle development and highlight previously unknown common developmental features of cardiac and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Clause
- Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jason Tchao
- Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mary C. Powell
- Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Li J. Liu
- Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowan Institutes for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bradley B. Keller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kimimasa Tobita
- Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowan Institutes for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Beyder A, Strege PR, Reyes S, Bernard CE, Terzic A, Makielski J, Ackerman MJ, Farrugia G. Ranolazine decreases mechanosensitivity of the voltage-gated sodium ion channel Na(v)1.5: a novel mechanism of drug action. Circulation 2012; 125:2698-706. [PMID: 22565935 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.094714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Na(V)1.5 is a mechanosensitive voltage-gated sodium-selective ion channel responsible for the depolarizing current and maintenance of the action potential plateau in the heart. Ranolazine is a Na(V)1.5 antagonist with antianginal and antiarrhythmic properties. METHODS AND RESULTS Mechanosensitivity of Na(V)1.5 was tested in voltage-clamped whole cells and cell-attached patches by bath flow and patch pressure, respectively. In whole cells, bath flow increased peak inward current in both murine ventricular cardiac myocytes (24±8%) and human embryonic kidney 293 cells heterologously expressing Na(V)1.5 (18±3%). The flow-induced increases in peak current were blocked by ranolazine. In cell-attached patches from cardiac myocytes and Na(V)1.5-expressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells, negative pressure increased Na(V) peak currents by 27±18% and 18±4% and hyperpolarized voltage dependence of activation by -11 mV and -10 mV, respectively. In human embryonic kidney 293 cells, negative pressure also increased the window current (250%) and increased late open channel events (250%). Ranolazine decreased pressure-induced shift in the voltage dependence (IC(50) 54 μmol/L) and eliminated the pressure-induced increases in window current and late current event numbers. Block of Na(V)1.5 mechanosensitivity by ranolazine was not due to the known binding site on DIVS6 (F1760). The effect of ranolazine on mechanosensitivity of Na(V)1.5 was approximated by lidocaine. However, ionized ranolazine and charged lidocaine analog (QX-314) failed to block mechanosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Ranolazine effectively inhibits mechanosensitivity of Na(V)1.5. The block of Na(V)1.5 mechanosensitivity by ranolazine does not utilize the established binding site and may require bilayer partitioning. Ranolazine block of Na(V)1.5 mechanosensitivity may be relevant in disorders of mechanoelectric dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Beyder
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Hu F, Wang Q, Wang P, Wang W, Qian W, Xiao H, Wang L. 17β-Estradiol regulates the gene expression of voltage-gated sodium channels: role of estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β. Endocrine 2012; 41:274-80. [PMID: 22169964 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-011-9573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) plays a key role in pain modulation, and the biological effects of E2 are transduced by binding estrogen receptors (ERs). Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels are responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in the membranes of most neurons and excitable cells. Adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons can express the ERs (ERα and ERβ), and Nav channels (TTX-S: Nav1.1, Nav1.6, and Nav1.7; and TTX-R: Nav1.8, and Nav1.9). Although E2 modulates Nav channel currents, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we investigate the mRNA expressions of Nav channel subtypes mediated differentially by the ERs in the DRGs of wild-type (WT) and estrogen receptor knockout (αERKO and βERKO) mice. By means of quantitative real-time PCR, we found that the expressions of Nav1.1, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 subtypes were elevated in αERKO and βERKO mice, whereas Nav1.6 mRNA decreased in αERKO, but not in βERKO mice. The mRNA expressions of Nav subtypes were increased in E2-treated WT ovariectomized animals. We also found that E2-regulation of Nav1.1 and Nav1.9 mRNA expressions is dependent on ERα, ERβ, and another ER, whereas E2-regulation of Nav1.8 appears to be in an ERβ-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- Institute of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
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