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Wang L, Zhang C, Di J, Wang Q, Ren M, Huang A, Chen S, Zhao W, Hu H, Wang A, Di Q, Ji JS, Liang W, Huang C. Increased risk of preterm birth due to heat exposure during pregnancy: Exploring the mechanism of fetal physiology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172730. [PMID: 38663596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat exposure during pregnancy can increase the risk of preterm birth (PTB) through a range of potential mechanisms including pregnancy complications, hormone secretion and infections. However, current research mainly focuses on the effect of heat exposure on pathophysiological pathways of pregnant women, but ignore that maternal heat exposure can also cause physiological changes to the fetus, which will affect the risk of PTB. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to explore the mediating role of fetal heart rate (FHR) in the relationship between maternal heat exposure and PTB incidence. METHODS We assigned heat exposure to a multi-center birth cohort in China during 2015-2018, which included all 162,407 singleton live births with several times FHR measurements during the second and third trimesters. We examined the associations between heat exposure, FHR and PTB in the entire pregnancy, each trimester and the last gestational month. The inverse odds ratio-weighted approach applied to the Cox regression was used to identify the mediation effect of heat exposure on PTB and its clinical subtypes via FHR. FINDINGS Exposure to heat significantly increased the risk of PTB during the third trimester and the entire pregnancy, hazard ratios and 95 % CIs were 1.266 (1.161, 1.379) and 1.328 (1.218, 1.447). Heat exposure during the third trimester and entire pregnancy increased FHR in the third trimester by 0.24 bpm and 0.14 bpm. The proportion of heat exposure mediated by FHR elevation on PTB and its subtype ranged from 3.68 % to 24.06 %, with the significant mediation effect found for both medically indicated PTB and spontaneous PTB. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that heat exposure during pregnancy has an important impact on fetal health, and FHR, as a surrogate marker of fetal physiology, may mediate the increased risk of PTB caused by extreme heat. Monitoring and managing physiological changes in the fetus would constitute a promising avenue to reduce adverse birth outcomes associated with maternal heat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunying Zhang
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangli Di
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiqun Huang
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Sidi Chen
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huanqing Hu
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ailing Wang
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Qian Di
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - John S Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wannian Liang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Watanabe K, Koch Esteves N, Gibson OR, Akiyama K, Watanabe S, González-Alonso J. Heat-related changes in the velocity and kinetic energy of flowing blood influence the human heart's output during hyperthermia. J Physiol 2024; 602:2227-2251. [PMID: 38690610 DOI: 10.1113/jp285760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Passive whole-body hyperthermia increases limb blood flow and cardiac output (Q ̇ $\dot Q$ ), but the interplay between peripheral and central thermo-haemodynamic mechanisms remains unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that local hyperthermia-induced alterations in peripheral blood flow and blood kinetic energy modulate flow to the heart andQ ̇ $\dot Q$ . Body temperatures, regional (leg, arm, head) and systemic haemodynamics, and left ventricular (LV) volumes and functions were assessed in eight healthy males during: (1) 3 h control (normothermic condition); (2) 3 h of single-leg heating; (3) 3 h of two-leg heating; and (4) 2.5 h of whole-body heating. Leg, forearm, and extracranial blood flow increased in close association with local rises in temperature while brain perfusion remained unchanged. Increases in blood velocity with small to no changes in the conduit artery diameter underpinned the augmented limb and extracranial perfusion. In all heating conditions,Q ̇ $\dot Q$ increased in association with proportional elevations in systemic vascular conductance, related to enhanced blood flow, blood velocity, vascular conductance and kinetic energy in the limbs and head (all R2 ≥ 0.803; P < 0.001), but not in the brain. LV systolic (end-systolic elastance and twist) and diastolic functional profiles (untwisting rate), pulmonary ventilation and systemic aerobic metabolism were only altered in whole-body heating. These findings substantiate the idea that local hyperthermia-induced selective alterations in peripheral blood flow modulate the magnitude of flow to the heart andQ ̇ $\dot Q$ through changes in blood velocity and kinetic energy. Localised heat-activated events in the peripheral circulation therefore affect the human heart's output. KEY POINTS: Local and whole-body hyperthermia increases limb and systemic perfusion, but the underlying peripheral and central heat-sensitive mechanisms are not fully established. Here we investigated the regional (leg, arm and head) and systemic haemodynamics (cardiac output:Q ̇ $\dot Q$ ) during passive single-leg, two-leg and whole-body hyperthermia to determine the contribution of peripheral and central thermosensitive factors in the control of human circulation. Single-leg, two-leg, and whole-body hyperthermia induced graded increases in leg blood flow andQ ̇ $\dot Q$ . Brain blood flow, however, remained unchanged in all conditions. Ventilation, extracranial blood flow and cardiac systolic and diastolic functions only increased during whole-body hyperthermia. The augmentedQ ̇ $\dot Q$ with hyperthermia was tightly related to increased limb and head blood velocity, flow and kinetic energy. The findings indicate that local thermosensitive mechanisms modulate regional blood velocity, flow and kinetic energy, thereby controlling the magnitude of flow to the heart and thus the coupling of peripheral and central circulation during hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Watanabe
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Faculty of Education and Human Studies, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Nuno Koch Esteves
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Research Centre, University College of Osteopathy, London, UK
| | - Oliver R Gibson
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Koichi Akiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sumie Watanabe
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Faculty of Education and Human Studies, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - José González-Alonso
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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Tourula E, Lenzini M, Rhodes A, Hetz SE, Pearson J. Facial fanning reduces heart rate but not tolerance to a simulated hemorrhagic challenge following exercise heat stress in young healthy humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R210-R219. [PMID: 38105763 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00180.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether reducing face skin temperature alters arterial blood pressure control and lower body negative pressure (LBNP) tolerance after exercise heat stress. Eight subjects (1 female; age, 27 ± 9 yr) exercised at ∼63% V̇o2max until core temperature had increased ∼1.5°C before undergoing LBNP to presyncope either with fanning to return face skin temperature to baseline (Δ-5°C, Fan trial) or without (No Fan trial). LBNP tolerance was quantified as cumulative stress index (CSI; mmHg·min). Before LBNP, whole body and face skin temperatures were elevated from baseline in both trials (38.0 ± 0.5°C and 36.3 ± 0.5°C, respectively, both P < 0.001). During LBNP, face skin temperature decreased in the Fan trial (30.9 ± 1.0°C) but was unchanged in the No Fan trial (36.1 ± 0.6°C, between trials P < 0.001). Mean arterial pressure was not different between trials (P = 0.237) and was similarly reduced at presyncope in both trials (from 82 ± 7 to 67 ± 8 mmHg, P < 0.001). During LBNP, heart rate was attenuated in the Fan trial at Mid LBNP (146 ± 16 vs. 158 ± 12 beats/min, P = 0.036) and at peak heart rate (158 ± 15 vs. 170 ± 15 beats/min; P < 0.001). LBNP tolerance was not different between trials (321 ± 248 vs. 328 ± 115 mmHg·min, P = 0.851). In exercise heat-stressed individuals, lowering face skin temperature to normothermic values suppressed heart rate thereby altering cardiovascular control during a simulated hemorrhagic challenge without reducing tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Tourula
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, H. H. Morris Human Performance Laboratories, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Miramani Lenzini
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
| | - Addison Rhodes
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
| | - Sarah E Hetz
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
| | - James Pearson
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
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Schoeberlein MI, Frisiras CE, Coffman KE. The effect of heat on lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) during cycling exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:469-477. [PMID: 37548661 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to quantify the combined effects of heat exposure and exercise of increasing intensity on pulmonary blood flow using lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) as an indirect measure. We hypothesized that, during exercise in the heat, the well-documented increase in skin blood flow for thermoregulation would lead to alterations in pulmonary blood flow and a subsequent fall in DLCO versus a thermoneutral condition. METHODS Nine healthy subjects (4 F/5 M, 20-45 years, VO2max 46.7 ± 5.8 mL/kg/min) completed three 15-min stages including rest and during cycling at 20 and 40% of maximum workload (Wmax) in either thermoneutral (TN; 22.2 ± 0.6 °C) or heat (HT; 39.4 ± 0.4 °C) conditions. DLCO, minute ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]), heart rate (HR), and core (TC) and skin temperature (Tsk) were measured. RESULTS DLCO showed a significant interaction between exercise intensity and heat (P = 0.019); post hoc testing revealed that DLCO was higher at 40% of Wmax in HT vs. TN (53.2 ± 10.6 vs 50.0 ± 10.3 mL/min/mmHg, P = 0.003) only. VE and [Formula: see text] showed no difference in HT vs. TN. HR was higher in HT vs. TN (P < 0.001). TC and Tsk showed a significant interaction between temperature and intensity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The unexpected increase in DLCO during exercise in HT vs. TN conditions suggests a larger lung surface area for gas exchange, perhaps due to increased pulmonary capillary recruitment and/or distension secondary to a higher cardiac output (Q) in the heat. This study furthers our understanding of how heat exposure might impact pulmonary blood flow, specifically as assessed via DLCO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirsten E Coffman
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA.
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Xia R, Sun M, Li Y, Yin J, Liu H, Yang J, Liu J, He Y, Wu B, Yang G, Li J. The pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of heat stroke-induced myocardial injury. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1286556. [PMID: 38259273 PMCID: PMC10800451 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1286556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stroke (HS) is a febrile illness characterized by an elevation in the core body temperature to over 40°C, accompanied by central nervous system impairment and subsequent multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. In recent years, the mortality rate from HS has been increasing as ambient temperatures continue to rise each year. The cardiovascular system plays an important role in the pathogenesis process of HS, as it functions as one of the key system for thermoregulation and its stability is associated with the severity of HS. Systemic inflammatory response and endothelial cell damage constitute pivotal attributes of HS, other factors such as ferroptosis, disturbances in myocardial metabolism and heat shock protein dysregulation are also involved in the damage to myocardial tissue in HS. In this review, a comprehensively detailed description of the pathogenesis of HS-induced myocardial injury is provided. The current treatment strategies and the promising therapeutic targets for HS are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanyu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixiang Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Wen H, Johnson JS, Freitas PHF, Maskal JM, Gloria LS, Araujo AC, Pedrosa VB, Tiezzi F, Maltecca C, Huang Y, Schinckel AP, Brito LF. Longitudinal genomic analyses of automatically-recorded vaginal temperature in lactating sows under heat stress conditions based on random regression models. Genet Sel Evol 2023; 55:95. [PMID: 38129768 PMCID: PMC10734178 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-023-00868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Automatic and continuous recording of vaginal temperature (TV) using wearable sensors causes minimal disruptions to animal behavior and can generate data that enable the evaluation of temporal body temperature variation under heat stress (HS) conditions. However, the genetic basis of TV in lactating sows from a longitudinal perspective is still unknown. The objectives of this study were to define statistical models and estimate genetic parameters for TV in lactating sows using random regression models, and identify genomic regions and candidate genes associated with HS indicators derived from automatically-recorded TV. RESULTS Heritability estimates for TV ranged from 0.14 to 0.20 over time (throughout the day and measurement period) and from 0.09 to 0.18 along environmental gradients (EG, - 3.5 to 2.2, which correspond to dew point values from 14.87 to 28.19 ˚C). Repeatability estimates of TV over time and along EG ranged from 0.57 to 0.66 and from 0.54 to 0.77, respectively. TV measured from 12h00 to 16h00 had moderately high estimates of heritability (0.20) and repeatability (0.64), indicating that this period might be the most suitable for recording TV for genetic selection purposes. Significant genotype-by-environment interactions (GxE) were observed and the moderately high estimates of genetic correlations between pairs of extreme EG indicate potential re-ranking of selection candidates across EG. Two important genomic regions on chromosomes 10 (59.370-59.998 Mb) and16 (21.548-21.966 Mb) were identified. These regions harbor the genes CDC123, CAMK1d, SEC61A2, and NUDT5 that are associated with immunity, protein transport, and energy metabolism. Across the four time-periods, respectively 12, 13, 16, and 10 associated genomic regions across 14 chromosomes were identified for TV. For the three EG classes, respectively 18, 15, and 14 associated genomic windows were identified for TV, respectively. Each time-period and EG class had uniquely enriched genes with identified specific biological functions, including regulation of the nervous system, metabolism and hormone production. CONCLUSIONS TV is a heritable trait with substantial additive genetic variation and represents a promising indicator trait to select pigs for improved heat tolerance. Moderate GxE for TV exist, indicating potential re-ranking of selection candidates across EG. TV is a highly polygenic trait regulated by a complex interplay of physiological, cellular and behavioral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jay S Johnson
- USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Pedro H F Freitas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jacob M Maskal
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Leonardo S Gloria
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Andre C Araujo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Victor B Pedrosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Francesco Tiezzi
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Christian Maltecca
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Allan P Schinckel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Luiz F Brito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Perry BG, Korad S, Mündel T. Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre during hyperthermia. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2023; 43:463-471. [PMID: 37332243 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During hyperthermia, the perturbations in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) produced by the Valsalva manoeuvre (VM) are more severe. However, whether these more severe VM-induced changes in MAP are translated to the cerebral circulation during hyperthermia is unclear. METHODS Healthy participants (n = 12, 1 female, mean ± SD: age 24 ± 3 years) completed a 30 mmHg (mouth pressure) VM for 15 s whilst supine during normothermia and mild hyperthermia. Hyperthermia was induced passively using a liquid conditioning garment with core temperature measured via ingested temperature sensor. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and MAP were recorded continuously during and post-VM. Tieck's autoregulatory index was calculated from the VM responses, with pulsatility index, an index of pulse velocity (pulse time) and mean MCAv (MCAvmean ) also calculated. RESULTS Passive heating significantly raised core temperature from baseline (37.9 ± 0.2 vs. 37.1 ± 0.1°C at rest, p < 0.01). MAP during phases I through III of the VM was lower during hyperthermia (interaction effect p < 0.01). Although an interaction effect was observed for MCAvmean (p = 0.02), post-hoc differences indicated only phase IIa was lower during hyperthermia (55 ± 12 vs. 49.3 ± 8 cm s- 1 for normothermia and hyperthermia, respectively, p = 0.03). Pulsatility index was increased 1-min post-VM in both conditions (0.71 ± 0.11 vs. 0.76 ± 0.11 for pre- and post-VM during normothermia, respectively, p = 0.02, and 0.86 ± 0.11 vs. 0.99 ± 0.09 for hyperthermia p < 0.01), although for pulse time only main effects of time (p < 0.01), and condition (p < 0.01) were apparent. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the cerebrovascular response to the VM is largely unchanged by mild hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake G Perry
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie Korad
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Toby Mündel
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St Catharines, Canada
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Fang X, Nong K, Qin X, Liu Z, Gao F, Jing Y, Fan H, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhang H. Effect of purple sweet potato-derived anthocyanins on heat stress response in Wenchang chickens and preliminary mechanism study. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102861. [PMID: 37390559 PMCID: PMC10466256 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the beneficial effect of purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPA) on growth performance, oxidative status, immune response, intestinal morphology, and intestinal flora homeostasis in heat-stressed Wenchang chickens. A total of 100 Wenchang chickens (50-day-old) were randomly assigned to 5 groups, including the thermoneutral environment (TN) group (26°C); high-temperature stressed (HS) group (33°C ± 1°C); low-dose PSPA treatment (L_HS) group (8 mg/kg body weight, 33°C ± 1°C); medium-dose PSPA treatment (M_HS) group and high-dose PSPA treatment (H_HS) group (16 mg/kg and 32 mg/kg body weight, respectively, 33°C ± 1°C). The results showed that PSPA reversed the adverse effects of heat stress on growth performance, meat quality, and carcass characteristics. And the effect was associated with the concentration of PSPA partially. Heat stress increased the serum lipids of Wenchang chickens. LDL-C, TG, TC, and FFA in the serum were significantly decreased, and HDL-C and LPS in the serum were increased by PSPA treatment. The digestive enzymes in duodenal chyme were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by PSPA treatment. And PSPA treatment significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the redox status by improving antioxidant parameters (GSH-Px and SOD) and decreasing the MDA level in the serum and liver. Moreover, the level of inflammatory cytokines was significantly (P < 0.05) regulated by PSPA treatment compared to the HS group. The villus length and goblet cell numbers after PSPA treatment were significantly higher than HS group. Furthermore, PSPA also played protection on the intestine structure by decreasing the level of D-LA and DAO. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed the microbial composition was altered by PSPA, and Acetanaerobacterium and Oscillibacter were dominant in the H_HS group. Microbial functional prediction indicated that function pathways based on KEGG and metacyc database were regulated by PSPA, and intestinal flora correlated with metabolic function significantly. The spearman correlation analysis showed that Saccharibacteria and Clostridium_IV correlated with the serum lipids, antioxidant, and inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these findings suggest that PSPA has a positive effect against heat stress in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Keyi Nong
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xinyun Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhineng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanli Jing
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haokai Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Wait SO, Charkoudian N, Skinner JW, Smith CJ. Combining hypoxia with thermal stimuli in humans: physiological responses and potential sex differences. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R677-R690. [PMID: 36971421 PMCID: PMC10202487 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00244.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of native lowlanders sojourning to high altitudes (>2,500 m) for recreational, occupational, military, and competitive reasons has generated increased interest in physiological responses to multistressor environments. Exposure to hypoxia poses recognized physiological challenges that are amplified during exercise and further complicated by environments that might include combinations of heat, cold, and high altitude. There is a sparsity of data examining integrated responses in varied combinations of environmental conditions, with even less known about potential sex differences. How this translates into performance, occupational, and health outcomes requires further investigation. Acute hypoxic exposure decreases arterial oxygen saturation, resulting in a reflex hypoxic ventilatory response and sympathoexcitation causing an increase in heart rate, myocardial contractility, and arterial blood pressure, to compensate for the decreased arterial oxygen saturation. Acute altitude exposure impairs exercise performance, for example, reduced time to exhaustion and slower time trials, largely owing to impairments in pulmonary gas exchange and peripheral delivery resulting in reduced V̇o2max. This exacerbates with increasing altitude, as does the risk of developing acute mountain sickness and more serious altitude-related illnesses, but modulation of those risks with additional stressors is unclear. This review aims to summarize and evaluate current literature regarding cardiovascular, autonomic, and thermoregulatory responses to acute hypoxia, and how these may be affected by simultaneous thermal environmental challenges. There is minimal available information regarding sex as a biological variable in integrative responses to hypoxia or multistressor environments; we highlight these areas as current knowledge gaps and the need for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seaver O Wait
- Department of Public Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States
| | - Nisha Charkoudian
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jared W Skinner
- Department of Public Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States
| | - Caroline J Smith
- Department of Public Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States
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Nikiforchin A, Sardi A, King MC, Baron E, Lopez-Ramirez F, Nieroda C, Gushchin V. Safety of Nephrectomy Performed During CRS/HIPEC: A Propensity Score-Matched Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:2520-2528. [PMID: 36463354 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgeons may hesitate to perform nephrectomy (NE) during cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) due to a potential increase in morbidity. However, no data are available regarding the impact of NE on outcomes, so the authors decided to assess its safety during CRS/HIPEC. METHODS A single-center propensity score-matched study was conducted using a prospective database (1994-2021). The study included patients who underwent NE during CRS/HIPEC with completeness of cytoreduction (CC) of 0, 1, or 2. Control subjects (no-NE) were selected in a 1:3 ratio using propensity score-matching weighted by age, histology, peritoneal cancer index (PCI), CC-0 or CC-1 rate, and length of surgery. RESULTS Among 828 patients, 13 NE and 39 no-NE control subjects were identified. The indications for NE included tumor involvement of the ureter, hilum, and/or kidney with preserved (n = 8), decreased (n = 2), or absent (n = 3) function. NE patients received more intraoperative intravenous (IV) fluids (16,000 vs 11,500 mL; p = 0.045) and had a greater urine output (3200 vs 1913 mL; p = 0.008). NE patients received mitomycin C (40 mg for 90 min) or melphalan (50 mg/m2 for 90 min) without reduction of dose or time. Major morbidity (p = 0.435) and mortality (p = 1.000) were comparable between the two groups. No postoperative acute kidney injury was seen in either group. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 46.2% of the NE and 35.9% of the no-NE patients (p = 0.553), with similar starting times (p = 0.903) between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Nephrectomy performed during CRS/HIPEC does not seem to increase postoperative morbidity or to delay adjuvant chemotherapy, and NE can be performed if required for complete cytoreduction. The NE patients in our cohort did not have a reduction of mitomycin C or melphalan dose or perfusion time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Nikiforchin
- Surgical Oncology, The Institute for Cancer Care, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Armando Sardi
- Surgical Oncology, The Institute for Cancer Care, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.
| | - Mary Caitlin King
- Surgical Oncology, The Institute for Cancer Care, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Ekaterina Baron
- Surgical Oncology, The Institute for Cancer Care, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Felipe Lopez-Ramirez
- Surgical Oncology, The Institute for Cancer Care, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Carol Nieroda
- Surgical Oncology, The Institute for Cancer Care, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Vadim Gushchin
- Surgical Oncology, The Institute for Cancer Care, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
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11
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de Korte JQ, Eijsvogels TMH, Hopman MTE, Bongers CCWG. Thermoregulatory, Cardiovascular and Perceptual Responses of Spectators of a Simulated Football Match in Hot and Humid Environmental Conditions. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11040078. [PMID: 37104152 PMCID: PMC10140829 DOI: 10.3390/sports11040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major sporting events are often scheduled in thermally challenging environments. The heat stress may impact athletes but also spectators. We examined the thermal, cardiovascular, and perceptual responses of spectators watching a football match in a simulated hot and humid environment. A total of 48 participants (43 ± 9 years; n = 27 participants <50 years and n = 21 participants ≥50 years, n = 21) watched a 90 min football match in addition to a 15 min baseline and 15 min halftime break, seated in an environmental chamber (Tair = 31.9 ± 0.4 °C; RH = 76 ± 4%). Gastrointestinal temperature (Tgi), skin temperature (Tskin), and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously throughout the match. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and perceptual parameters (i.e., thermal sensation and thermal comfort) were scored every 15 min. Tri (37.3 ± 0.4 °C to 37.4 ± 0.3 °C, p = 0.11), HR (76 ± 15 bpm to 77 ± 14 bpm, p = 0.96) and MAP (97 ± 10 mm Hg to 97 ± 10 mm Hg, p = 0.67) did not change throughout the match. In contrast, an increase in Tskin (32.9 ± 0.8 °C to 35.4 ± 0.3 °C, p < 0.001) was found. Further, 81% of participants reported thermal discomfort and 87% a (slightly) warm thermal sensation at the end of the match. Moreover, the thermal or cardiovascular responses were not affected by age (all p-values > 0.05). Heat stress induced by watching a football match in simulated hot and humid conditions does not result in substantial thermal or cardiovascular strain, whereas a significant perceptual strain was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannus Q. de Korte
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500VC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500VC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria T. E. Hopman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500VC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Coen C. W. G. Bongers
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500VC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- School of Sport and Exercise, Health Promotion & Performance, HAN University of Applied Sciences, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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12
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Savioli G, Zanza C, Longhitano Y, Nardone A, Varesi A, Ceresa IF, Manetti AC, Volonnino G, Maiese A, La Russa R. Heat-Related Illness in Emergency and Critical Care: Recommendations for Recognition and Management with Medico-Legal Considerations. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102542. [PMID: 36289804 PMCID: PMC9599879 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia is an internal body temperature increase above 40.5 °C; normally internal body temperature is kept constant through natural homeostatic mechanisms. Heat-related illnesses occur due to exposure to high environmental temperatures in conditions in which an organism is unable to maintain adequate homeostasis. This can happen, for example, when the organism is unable to dissipate heat adequately. Heat dissipation occurs through evaporation, conduction, convection, and radiation. Heat disease exhibits a continuum of signs and symptoms ranging from minor to major clinical pictures. Minor clinical pictures include cramps, syncope, edema, tetany, and exhaustion. Major clinical pictures include heatstroke and life-threatening heat stroke and typically are expressed in the presence of an extremely high body temperature. There are also some categories of people at greater risk of developing these diseases, due to exposure in particular geographic areas (e.g., hot humid environments), to unchangeable predisposing conditions (e.g., advanced age, young age (i.e., children), diabetes, skin disease with reduced sweating), to modifiable risk factors (e.g., alcoholism, excessive exercise, infections), to partially modifiable risk factors (obesity), to certain types of professional activity (e.g., athletes, military personnel, and outdoor laborers) or to the effects of drug treatment (e.g., beta-blockers, anticholinergics, diuretics). Heat-related illness is largely preventable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Savioli
- Emergency Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Doctoral Program Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Christian Zanza
- Foundation “Ospedale Alba-Bra”, Department of Emergency Medicine, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Michele and Pietro Ferrero Hospital, 12060 Verduno, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Yaroslava Longhitano
- Foundation “Ospedale Alba-Bra”, Department of Emergency Medicine, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Michele and Pietro Ferrero Hospital, 12060 Verduno, Italy
| | - Alba Nardone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Università degli Studi of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelica Varesi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Università degli Studi of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Alice Chiara Manetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Volonnino
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aniello Maiese
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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13
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Fischer M, Moralez G, Sarma S, MacNamara JP, Cramer MN, Huang M, Romero SA, Hieda M, Shibasaki M, Ogoh S, Crandall CG. Altered cardiac β1 responsiveness in hyperthermic older adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R581-R588. [PMID: 36094450 PMCID: PMC9602700 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00040.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Compared with younger adults, passive heating induced increases in cardiac output are attenuated by ∼50% in older adults. This attenuated response may be associated with older individuals' inability to maintain stroke volume through ionotropic mechanisms and/or through altered chronotropic mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to identify the interactive effect of age and hyperthermia on cardiac responsiveness to dobutamine-induced cardiac stimulation. Eleven young (26 ± 4 yr) and 8 older (68 ± 5 yr) participants underwent a normothermic and a hyperthermic (baseline core temperature +1.2°C) trial on the same day. In both thermal conditions, after baseline measurements, intravenous dobutamine was administered for 12 min at 5 µg/kg/min, followed by 12 min at 15 µg/kg/min. Primary measurements included echocardiography-based assessments of cardiac function, gastrointestinal and skin temperatures, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure. Heart rate responses to dobutamine were similar between groups in both thermal conditions (P > 0.05). The peak systolic mitral annular velocity (S'), i.e., an index of left ventricular longitudinal systolic function, was similar between groups for both thermal conditions at baseline. While normothermic, the increase in S' between groups was similar with dobutamine administration. However, while hyperthermic, the increase in S' was attenuated in the older participants with dobutamine (P < 0.001). Healthy, older individuals show attenuated inotropic, but maintained chronotropic responsiveness to dobutamine administration during hyperthermia. These data suggest that older individuals have a reduced capacity to increase cardiomyocyte contractility, estimated by changes in S', via β1-adrenergic mechanisms while hyperthermic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Fischer
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gilbert Moralez
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Satyam Sarma
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - James P MacNamara
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Matthew N Cramer
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mu Huang
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Steven A Romero
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Michinari Hieda
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Manabu Shibasaki
- Department of Environmental Health, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Craig G Crandall
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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14
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Qin L, Cui J, Li J. Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Blood Pressure Response to Exercise in Peripheral Artery Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms, Human Studies, to Intervention Strategy Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810622. [PMID: 36142521 PMCID: PMC9505475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) regulates the contraction of vascular smooth muscle and leads to a change in arterial blood pressure (BP). It was observed that SNA, vascular contractility, and BP are heightened in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) during exercise. The exercise pressor reflex (EPR), a neural mechanism responsible for BP response to activation of muscle afferent nerve, is a determinant of the exaggerated exercise-induced BP rise in PAD. Based on recent results obtained from a series of studies in PAD patients and a rat model of PAD, this review will shed light on SNA-driven BP response and the underlying mechanisms by which receptors and molecular mediators in muscle afferent nerves mediate the abnormalities in autonomic activities of PAD. Intervention strategies, particularly non-pharmacological strategies, improving the deleterious exercise-induced SNA and BP in PAD, and enhancing tolerance and performance during exercise will also be discussed.
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15
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Chou TH, Coyle EF. Cardiovascular responses to hot skin at rest and during exercise. Temperature (Austin) 2022; 10:326-357. [PMID: 37554384 PMCID: PMC10405766 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2022.2109931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrative cardiovascular responses to heat stress during endurance exercise depend on various variables, such as thermal stress and exercise intensity. This review addresses how increases in skin temperature alter and challenge the integrative cardiovascular system during upright submaximal endurance exercise, especially when skin is hot (i.e. >38°C). Current evidence suggests that exercise intensity plays a significant role in cardiovascular responses to hot skin during exercise. At rest and during mild intensity exercise, hot skin increases skin blood flow and abolishes cutaneous venous tone, which causes blood pooling in the skin while having little impact on stroke volume and thus cardiac output is increased with an increase in heart rate. When the heart rate is at relatively low levels, small increases in heart rate, skin blood flow, and cutaneous venous volume do not compromise stroke volume, so cardiac output can increase to fulfill the demands for maintaining blood pressure, heat dissipation, and the exercising muscle. On the contrary, during more intense exercise, hot skin does not abolish exercise-induced cutaneous venoconstriction possibly due to high sympathetic nerve activities; thus, it does not cause blood pooling in the skin. However, hot skin reduces stroke volume, which is associated with a decrease in ventricular filling time caused by an increase in heart rate. When the heart rate is high during moderate or intense exercise, even a slight reduction in ventricular filling time lowers stroke volume. Cardiac output is therefore not elevated when skin is hot during moderate intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Heng Chou
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Edward F. Coyle
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, Tx, USA
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16
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Samuels L, Nakstad B, Roos N, Bonell A, Chersich M, Havenith G, Luchters S, Day LT, Hirst JE, Singh T, Elliott-Sale K, Hetem R, Part C, Sawry S, Le Roux J, Kovats S. Physiological mechanisms of the impact of heat during pregnancy and the clinical implications: review of the evidence from an expert group meeting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:1505-1513. [PMID: 35554684 PMCID: PMC9300488 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Many populations experience high seasonal temperatures. Pregnant women are considered vulnerable to extreme heat because ambient heat exposure has been linked to pregnancy complications including preterm birth and low birthweight. The physiological mechanisms that underpin these associations are poorly understood. We reviewed the existing research evidence to clarify the mechanisms that lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes in order to inform public health actions. A multi-disciplinary expert group met to review the existing evidence base and formulate a consensus regarding the physiological mechanisms that mediate the effect of high ambient temperature on pregnancy. A literature search was conducted in advance of the meeting to identify existing hypotheses and develop a series of questions and themes for discussion. Numerous hypotheses have been generated based on animal models and limited observational studies. There is growing evidence that pregnant women are able to appropriately thermoregulate; however, when exposed to extreme heat, there are a number of processes that may occur which could harm the mother or fetus including a reduction in placental blood flow, dehydration, and an inflammatory response that may trigger preterm birth. There is a lack of substantial evidence regarding the processes that cause heat exposure to harm pregnant women. Research is urgently needed to identify what causes the adverse outcomes in pregnancy related to high ambient temperatures so that the impact of climate change on pregnant women can be mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Samuels
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - Britt Nakstad
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Health, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Nathalie Roos
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Bonell
- Medical Research Council Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
- Centre On Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matthew Chersich
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Hillbrow, Johannesburg, 2001, South Africa
| | - George Havenith
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough Design School, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Stanley Luchters
- Department of Population Health, Aga Khan University, East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Louise-Tina Day
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jane E Hirst
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health and the George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tanya Singh
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kirsty Elliott-Sale
- Department of Sport Science, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Robyn Hetem
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cherie Part
- Centre On Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Shobna Sawry
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jean Le Roux
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sari Kovats
- Centre On Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Ma B, Xing T, Li J, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Gao F. Chronic heat stress causes liver damage via endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102063. [PMID: 36049294 PMCID: PMC9445382 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver is a central metabolic organ, which is sensitive to heat stress. Liver damage affects animals' health and endangers the livestock and poultry industry. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of chronic heat stress-induced liver damage in broiler chickens. Broilers were divided into 3 treatments: normal control group (NOR, 22°C), heat stress group (HS, 32°C) and pair-feeding group (PF, 22°C) for a 7-d and 14-d trial. The results showed that 7 d heat exposure caused microvesicular steatosis and reduced glutamine synthetase activity in broiler liver (P < 0.05). After 14 d of heat exposure, heat stress caused vacuolar degeneration and apoptosis in the liver; elevated liver relative weight and liver glutaminase activity as well as plasma ammonia level (P < 0.05). Additionally, heat stress enhanced GRP78 protein expression and the mRNA expressions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses genes and apoptosis-related genes in broiler liver after 14 d of heat exposure (P < 0.05). In conclusion, chronic heat stress triggered ER stress-induced apoptosis and caused liver damage, which may compromise ammonia detoxification in broiler liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Tong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- Institute of Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yun Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China.
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18
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Li Z, Jiang W, Fan H, Yan F, Dong R, Bai T, Xu K. Reallocation of cutaneous and global blood circulation during sauna bathing through a closed-loop model. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 221:106917. [PMID: 35640388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sauna bathing (SB) is an important strategy in cardiovascular protection, but there is no mathematical explanation for the reallocation of blood circulation during heat-induced superficial vasodilation. We sought to reveal such reallocation via a simulated hemodynamic model. METHODS A closed-loop cardiovascular model with a series of electrical parameters was constructed. The body surface was divided into seven blocks and each block was modeled by a lumped resistance. These resistances were adjusted to increase skin blood flow (SBF), with the aim of reflecting heat-induced vasodilation during SB. Finally, the blood pressure was compared before and after SB, and the blood flow inside the aorta and visceral arteries were also analyzed. RESULTS With increasing SBF in this model, the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in the arterial trunk decreased by 13-29, 18-36, and 19-37 mmHg, respectively. Despite the increase in the peak and mean blood flow in the arterial trunk, the diastolic blood flow reversal in the thoracic and abdominal aortas increased significantly. Nevertheless, the blood supply to the heart, liver, stomach, spleen, kidney, and intestine decreased by at least 25%. Moreover, the pulmonary blood flow increased significantly. CONCLUSION Simulated heat-induced cutaneous vasodilation in this model lowers blood pressure, induces visceral ischemia, and promotes pulmonary circulation, suggesting that the present closed-loop model may be able to describe the effect of sauna bathing on blood circulation. However, the increase of retrograde flow in the aortas found in this model deserves further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyou Li
- Sichuan Province Biomechanical Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, China; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Nan Yihuan Road No 24, Wuhou District, 610065, China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Sichuan Province Biomechanical Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, China; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Nan Yihuan Road No 24, Wuhou District, 610065, China.
| | - Haidong Fan
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Nan Yihuan Road No 24, Wuhou District, 610065, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiqi Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taoping Bai
- Sichuan Province Biomechanical Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, China; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Nan Yihuan Road No 24, Wuhou District, 610065, China
| | - Kairen Xu
- Sichuan Province Biomechanical Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, China; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Nan Yihuan Road No 24, Wuhou District, 610065, China
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19
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Menzies C, Clarke ND, Pugh CJA, Steward CJ, Thake CD, Cullen T. Athlete and practitioner prevalence, practices, and perceptions of passive heating in sport. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Wei C, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Gu W, Kumar Sarker S, Liu S, Li B, Wang X, Li Y, Wang X. Effect of Multiple-Nutrient Supplement on Muscle Damage, Liver, and Kidney Function After Exercising Under Heat: Based on a Pilot Study and a Randomised Controlled Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 8:740741. [PMID: 35004797 PMCID: PMC8733564 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.740741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study explored the effect of multiple-nutrient supplementation on muscle damage and liver and kidney function after vigorous exercise under heat. Methods: After an initial pilot trial comprising 89 male participants, 85 participants were recruited and assigned into three groups: a multiple-nutrient (M) group, a glucose (G) group, and a water (W) group. Multiple-nutrient supplements contain glucose, fructose, maltose, sodium, potassium, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin K, and taurine. Participants were organised to take a 3-km running test (wet-bulb globe temperature 32°C) after a short-term (7 days) supplement. Blood samples were obtained to detect biochemical parameters [glucose (GLU), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactic acid], inflammation factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], and oxidative stress biomarkers [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F (2alpha) (8-iso-PGF2α)]. Results: In the pilot trial, BUN decreased significantly in the M and G groups immediately after the running test. AST, Cr, and UA were significantly reduced 24 h after the running test with single-shot multiple-nutrient supplementation. In the short-term trial, multiple nutrients further prevented the elevation of CK (p = 0.045) and LDH (p = 0.033) levels 24 h after strenuous exercise. Moreover, we found that multiple nutrients significantly reduced IL-6 (p = 0.001) and TNF-α (p = 0.015) elevation immediately after exercise. Simultaneously, SOD elevation was significantly higher in the M group immediately after exercising than in the other two groups (p = 0.033). 8-iso-PGF2α was reduced in the M group 24 h after exercise (p = 0.036). Conclusions: This study found that multiple-nutrient supplementation promoted the recovery of muscle damage and decreased liver and kidney function caused by strenuous exercise in a hot environment, probably through the inhibition of secondary damage induced by increased inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress. In this respect, the current study has important implications for the strategy of nutritional support to accelerate recovery and potentially prevent heat-related illness. This study was prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov on June 21, 2019 (ID: ChiCTR1900023988).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Wei
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Gu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuvan Kumar Sarker
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuande Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 962nd Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Harbin, China
| | - Benzhang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 962nd Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Harbin, China
| | - Xuanyang Wang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 962nd Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Harbin, China
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21
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Changes in the Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Body Mass of Physically Active Men in Response to Thermal Stress. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.18276/cej.2022.1-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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22
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van der Ster BJP, Kim YS, Westerhof BE, van Lieshout JJ. Central Hypovolemia Detection During Environmental Stress-A Role for Artificial Intelligence? Front Physiol 2021; 12:784413. [PMID: 34975538 PMCID: PMC8715014 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.784413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step to exercise is preceded by the required assumption of the upright body position, which itself involves physical activity. The gravitational displacement of blood from the chest to the lower parts of the body elicits a fall in central blood volume (CBV), which corresponds to the fraction of thoracic blood volume directly available to the left ventricle. The reduction in CBV and stroke volume (SV) in response to postural stress, post-exercise, or to blood loss results in reduced left ventricular filling, which may manifest as orthostatic intolerance. When termination of exercise removes the leg muscle pump function, CBV is no longer maintained. The resulting imbalance between a reduced cardiac output (CO) and a still enhanced peripheral vascular conductance may provoke post-exercise hypotension (PEH). Instruments that quantify CBV are not readily available and to express which magnitude of the CBV in a healthy subject should remains difficult. In the physiological laboratory, the CBV can be modified by making use of postural stressors, such as lower body "negative" or sub-atmospheric pressure (LBNP) or passive head-up tilt (HUT), while quantifying relevant biomedical parameters of blood flow and oxygenation. Several approaches, such as wearable sensors and advanced machine-learning techniques, have been followed in an attempt to improve methodologies for better prediction of outcomes and to guide treatment in civil patients and on the battlefield. In the recent decade, efforts have been made to develop algorithms and apply artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of hemodynamic monitoring. Advances in quantifying and monitoring CBV during environmental stress from exercise to hemorrhage and understanding the analogy between postural stress and central hypovolemia during anesthesia offer great relevance for healthy subjects and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn J. P. van der Ster
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yu-Sok Kim
- Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Berend E. Westerhof
- Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johannes J. van Lieshout
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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23
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Extreme Heat and Cardiovascular Health: What a Cardiovascular Health Professional Should Know. Can J Cardiol 2021; 37:1828-1836. [PMID: 34802857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As global temperatures continue to rise, extreme heat events are becoming more frequent and intense. Extreme heat affects cardiovascular health as it is associated with a greater risk of adverse cardiovascular events, especially for adults with preexisting cardiovascular diseases. Nonetheless, the pathophysiology underlying the association between extreme heat and cardiovascular risk remains understudied. Furthermore, specific recommendations to mitigate the effects of extreme heat on cardiovascular health remain limited to guide clinical practice within the context of a warming climate. The overall objective of this review article is to raise awareness that extreme heat poses a risk for cardiovascular health. Specifically, the review discusses why cardiovascular healthcare professionals should care about extreme heat, how extreme heat affects cardiovascular health, and recommendations to minimise the cardiovascular consequences of extreme heat. Future research directions are also provided to further our understating of the cardiovascular health consequences of extreme heat. A better awareness and understanding of the cardiovascular consequences of extreme heat will help cardiovascular health professionals assess the risk and optimise the care of their patients exposed to an increasingly warm climate.
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24
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Haghayegh S, Smolensky MH, Khoshnevis S, Hermida RC, Castriotta RJ, Diller KR. The Circadian Rhythm of Thermoregulation Modulates both the Sleep/Wake Cycle and 24 h Pattern of Arterial Blood Pressure. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2645-2658. [PMID: 34636410 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Borbély proposed an interacting two-component model of sleep regulation comprising a homeostatic Process S and a circadian Process C. The model has provided understanding of the association between core body temperature (CBT) as a key element of Process C that is deterministic of sleep onset and offset. However, it additionally provides a new perspective of the importance of the thermoregulatory mechanisms of Process C in modulating the circadian rhythm of arterial blood pressure (ABP). Herein, we examine the circadian physiology of thermoregulation, including at the end of the activity span the profound redistribution of cardiac output from the systemic circulation to the arteriovenous anastomoses of the glabrous skin that markedly enhances convective transfer of heat from the body to the environment to cause (i) decrease of the CBT as a pathway to sleep onset and (ii) attenuation of the asleep ABP mean and augmentation of the ABP decline (dipping) from the wake-time mean, in combination the strongest predictors of the risk for blood vessel and organ pathology and morbid and mortal cardiovascular disease events. We additionally review the means by which blood perfusion to the glabrous skin can be manipulated on demand by selective thermal stimulation, that is, mild warming, on the skin of the cervical spinal cord to intensify Process C as a way to facilitate sleep induction and promote healthy asleep ABP. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-14, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Haghayegh
- Department of Biostatics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Michael H Smolensky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, McGovern School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sepideh Khoshnevis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ramon C Hermida
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Bioengineering and Chronobiology Laboratories, Atlantic Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Richard J Castriotta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kenneth R Diller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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25
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Kaur T, Sriram CS, Kohli U. Extreme hyperthermia-induced arrhythmogenesis. Cardiol Young 2021; 32:1-4. [PMID: 34583804 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951121003978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermia is defined as an elevated body temperature above the normal range due to a failure of heat regulatory mechanisms. In addition to its effects on other organ systems, hyperthermia is associated with profound cardiovascular effects. We report the sentinel case of a 6-year-old girl with structurally and electrically normal heart, who presented with life-threatening hyperpyrexia-induced ventricular tachycardia, which was refractory to cardioversion and anti-arrhythmics but responded promptly to cooling. We emphasise the lifesaving role of immediate and aggressive cooling in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripat Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chenni S Sriram
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Utkarsh Kohli
- Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University Children's Hospital, Morgantown, WV, USA
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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26
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Brochu P, Ménard J, Marchand A, Haddad S. Cardiopulmonary values and organ blood flows before and during heat stress: data in nine subjects at rest in the upright position. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1148-1158. [PMID: 34062083 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physiological changes associated with thermoregulation can influence the kinetics of chemicals in the human body, such as alveolar ventilation (VA) and redistribution of blood flow to organs. In this study, the influence of heat stress on various physiological parameters was evaluated in nine male volunteers during sessions of exposure to wet blub globe temperatures (WBGT) of 21, 25 and 30°C for four hours. Skin and core temperatures and more than twenty cardiopulmonary parameters were measured. Liver, kidneys, brain, skin and muscles blood flows were also determined based on published measurements. Results show that most subjects (8 out of 9) have been affected by the inhalation of hot and dry air at the WBGT of 30°C. High respiratory rates, superficial tidal volumes and low VA values were notably observed. The skin blood flow has increased by 2.16-fold, whereas the renal blood flow and liver blood flow have decreased by about by 11 and 18% respectively. A complete set of key cardiopulmonary parameters in healthy male adults before and during heat stress was generated for use in PBPK modeling. A toxicokinetic studies are ongoing to evaluate the impact of heat stress on the absorption, biotransformation and excretion rates of volatile xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Brochu
- Université de Montréal, 5622, Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;
| | - Jessie Ménard
- Université de Montréal, 5622, Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), Montréal, Quebec, Canada;
| | - Axelle Marchand
- Université de Montréal, 5622, Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), Montréal, Quebec, Canada;
| | - Sami Haddad
- Université de Montréal, 5622, Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), Montréal, Quebec, Canada;
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27
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James TJ, Corbett J, Cummings M, Allard S, Young JS, Towse J, Carey-Jones K, Eglin C, Hopkins B, Morgan C, Tipton M, Saynor ZL, Shepherd AI. Timing of acute passive heating on glucose tolerance and blood pressure in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, balanced crossover, control trial. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1093-1105. [PMID: 33411640 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00747.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and progressive insulin resistance, leading to macro and microvascular dysfunction. Passive heating has potential to improve glucose homeostasis and act as an exercise mimetic. We assessed the effect of acute passive heating before or during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in people with T2DM. Twelve people with T2DM were randomly assigned to the following three conditions: 1) 3-h OGTT (control), 2) 1-h passive heating (40°C water) 30 min before an OGTT (HOT-OGTT), and 3) 1-h passive heating (40°C water) 30 min after commencing an OGTT (OGTT-HOT). Blood glucose concentration, insulin sensitivity, extracellular heat shock protein 70 (eHSP70), total energy expenditure (TEE), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded. Passive heating did not alter blood glucose concentration [control: 1,677 (386) arbitrary units (AU), HOT-OGTT: 1,797 (340) AU, and OGTT-HOT: 1,662 (364) AU, P = 0.28], insulin sensitivity (P = 0.15), or SBP (P = 0.18) but did increase eHSP70 concentration in both heating conditions [control: 203.48 (110.81) pg·mL-1; HOT-OGTT: 402.47 (79.02) pg·mL-1; and OGTT-HOT: 310.00 (60.53) pg·mL-1, P < 0.001], increased TEE (via fat oxidation) in the OGTT-HOT condition [control: 263 (33) kcal, HOT-OGTT: 278 (40) kcal, and OGTT-HOT: 304 (38) kcal, P = 0.001], increased HR in both heating conditions (P < 0.001), and reduced DBP in the OGTT-HOT condition (P < 0.01). Passive heating in close proximity to a glucose challenge does not alter glucose tolerance but does increase eHSP70 concentration and TEE and reduce blood pressure in people with T2DM.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to investigate the timing of acute passive heating on glucose tolerance and extracellular heat shock protein 70 concentration ([eHSP70]) in people with type 2 diabetes. The principal novel findings from this study were that both passive heating conditions: 1) did not reduce the area under the curve or peak blood glucose concentration, 2) elevated heart rate, and 3) increased [eHSP70], which was blunted by glucose ingestion, while passive heating following glucose ingestion, 4) increased total energy expenditure, and 5) reduced diastolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J James
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom.,Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Corbett
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Cummings
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Allard
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - John S Young
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Towse
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Carey-Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom.,Oaks Healthcare, Cowplain Family Practice, Waterlooville, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Eglin
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Billy Hopkins
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Connor Morgan
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Tipton
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe L Saynor
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom.,Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony I Shepherd
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom.,Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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28
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Okamoto LE, Celedonio JE, Smith EC, Gamboa A, Shibao CA, Diedrich A, Paranjape SY, Black BK, Muldowney JAS, Peltier AC, Habermann R, Crandall CG, Biaggioni I. Local Passive Heat for the Treatment of Hypertension in Autonomic Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018979. [PMID: 33739123 PMCID: PMC8174330 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Supine hypertension affects a majority of patients with autonomic failure; it is associated with end‐organ damage and can worsen daytime orthostatic hypotension by inducing pressure diuresis and volume loss during the night. Because sympathetic activation prevents blood pressure (BP) from falling in healthy subjects exposed to heat, we hypothesized that passive heat had a BP‐lowering effect in patients with autonomic failure and could be used to treat their supine hypertension. Methods and Results In Protocol 1 (n=22), the acute effects of local heat (40–42°C applied with a heating pad placed over the abdomen for 2 hours) versus sham control were assessed in a randomized crossover fashion. Heat acutely decreased systolic BP by −19±4 mm Hg (versus 3±4 with sham, P<0.001) owing to decreases in stroke volume (−18±5% versus −4±4%, P=0.013 ) and cardiac output (−15±5% versus −2±4%, P=0.013). In Protocol 2 (proof‐of‐concept overnight study; n=12), we compared the effects of local heat (38°C applied with a water‐perfused heating pad placed under the torso from 10 pm to 6 am) versus placebo pill. Heat decreased nighttime systolic BP (maximal change −28±6 versus −2±6 mm Hg, P<0.001). BP returned to baseline by 8 am. The nocturnal systolic BP decrease correlated with a decrease in urinary volume (r=0.57, P=0.072) and an improvement in the morning upright systolic BP (r=−0.76, P=0.007). Conclusions Local heat therapy effectively lowered overnight BP in patients with autonomic failure and supine hypertension and offers a novel approach to treat this condition. Future studies are needed to assess the long‐term safety and efficacy in improving nighttime fluid loss and daytime orthostatic hypotension. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT02417415 and NCT03042988.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Okamoto
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - Jorge E Celedonio
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - Emily C Smith
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - Alfredo Gamboa
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - Cyndya A Shibao
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - André Diedrich
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Department of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - Sachin Y Paranjape
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - Bonnie K Black
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - James A S Muldowney
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Division of Cardiology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - Amanda C Peltier
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Department of Neurology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - Ralf Habermann
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Division of Geriatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - Craig G Crandall
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital and UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Italo Biaggioni
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Department of Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
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29
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Chen Y, Yu T. Mouse liver is more resistant than skeletal muscle to heat-induced apoptosis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:275-281. [PMID: 32880059 PMCID: PMC7736438 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During passive heat stress, shifting of blood flow from the hepato-splanchnic to peripheral regions produces less favorable physiological conditions in the liver than in the skeletal muscle. We were wondering if the two organs differ in susceptibility to heat injury and thus examined the effects of heat shock exposure on apoptotic and heat stress-related markers in the gastrocnemius muscle and liver of mice. During heat exposure, mice had a peak core body temperature of 41.1 ± 0.7 °C. Heat-exposed mice showed higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cleaved caspases, fragmented DNA, and Drp1 protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscles than control mice. These changes were not observed in the livers of heat-exposed mice. Furthermore, the levels of glucocorticoid receptor, HSP70, and HSF1 proteins were significantly elevated in the gastrocnemius muscles of heat-exposed mice compared with that of control mice. The livers of heat-exposed mice also revealed increased expression of HSP70 but no changes in the other proteins. These results demonstrate that heat exposure induces significantly lower levels of the stress response and apoptosis in the liver than in the skeletal muscle of mice. The liver tissue resistance against heat stress is associated with low levels of heat-induced ROS production and mitochondrial fission protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Tianzheng Yu
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
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30
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Perry BG, Mündel T. Lower body positive pressure affects systemic but not cerebral haemodynamics during incremental hyperthermia. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2020; 41:226-233. [PMID: 33238075 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermia produces profound redistribution of blood and circulatory reflex function. We investigated the potential for lower body positive pressure (LBPP) to maintain or restore haemodynamics during graded hyperthermia. Eight healthy adults rested supine in a custom-made LBPP box, sealed distal to the iliac crest. Following 5 min of normothermic rest, 20 mmHg of LBPP was applied and repeated when core temperature (Tcore ) had increased passively by +0.5 and +1°C. Primary dependent variables included mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAvmean , transcranial Doppler), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP, finger photoplethysmography), heart rate (HR) and partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PET CO2 ). The absolute increase in MAP during LBPP was lower at Tcore +1°C (2 ± 3 mmHg), compared with normothermia (7 ± 3 p = .01). The modest increase in MCAvmean was unchanged by Tcore (normothermia, 2 ± 3 cm/s; +0.5°C, 3 ± 3 cm/s and +1°C, 3 ± 4 cm/s, p = .74). By design, PET CO2 was unchanged in all conditions from normothermic baseline (42 ± 1, p = .81). LBPP-induced changes in HR were greater at +0.5°C (-13 ± 4 b/min) and +1°C (-12 ± 6 b/min) compared with normothermia (-3 ± 3 b/min, p = .01 and p = .01, respectively). These data indicate that despite a significant attenuation in MAP to LBPP with moderate hyperthermia, MCAvmean dynamics were unchanged among the thermal manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake G Perry
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Toby Mündel
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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31
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Gravel H, Chaseling GK, Barry H, Debray A, Gagnon D. Cardiovascular control during heat stress in older adults: time for an update. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H411-H416. [PMID: 33275528 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00536.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that older adults display an impaired cardiovascular response to heat stress, and it has been suggested that this impaired response contributes to their increased risk of mortality during extreme heat events. Seminal studies have shown that cutaneous vasodilation, the redistribution of blood flow from visceral organs, and the increase in cardiac output are blunted in older adults during passive heating. The blunted rise of cardiac output was initially attributed to an inability to maintain stroke volume, suggesting that cardiac systolic and/or diastolic function does not adequately respond to the constraints of heat stress in older adults. Recent studies evaluated potential mechanisms underlying these seminal findings and their results challenge some of these initial observations. Notably, stroke volume is maintained during heat exposure in older adults and studies have provided evidence for preserved cardiac systolic and diastolic functions in this population. Nonetheless, a blunted increase in cardiac output during heat exposure remains a consistent observation in older adults, although it is now attributed to a blunted increase in heart rate. Recent studies have also evaluated the possibility that the attenuated capacity of aged skin to vasodilate contributes to a blunted increase in cardiac output during heat stress. The objective of this Mini-Review is to highlight these recent advances and challenge the long-standing view that the control of stroke volume during heat exposure is compromised in older adults. By doing so, our intent is to stimulate future studies to evaluate several unanswered questions in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Gravel
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Georgia K Chaseling
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hadiatou Barry
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amélie Debray
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Gagnon
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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32
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Ashworth ET, Cotter JD, Kilding AE. Methods for improving thermal tolerance in military personnel prior to deployment. Mil Med Res 2020; 7:58. [PMID: 33248459 PMCID: PMC7700709 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-020-00287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute exposure to heat, such as that experienced by people arriving into a hotter or more humid environment, can compromise physical and cognitive performance as well as health. In military contexts heat stress is exacerbated by the combination of protective clothing, carried loads, and unique activity profiles, making them susceptible to heat illnesses. As the operational environment is dynamic and unpredictable, strategies to minimize the effects of heat should be planned and conducted prior to deployment. This review explores how heat acclimation (HA) prior to deployment may attenuate the effects of heat by initiating physiological and behavioural adaptations to more efficiently and effectively protect thermal homeostasis, thereby improving performance and reducing heat illness risk. HA usually requires access to heat chamber facilities and takes weeks to conduct, which can often make it impractical and infeasible, especially if there are other training requirements and expectations. Recent research in athletic populations has produced protocols that are more feasible and accessible by reducing the time taken to induce adaptations, as well as exploring new methods such as passive HA. These protocols use shorter HA periods or minimise additional training requirements respectively, while still invoking key physiological adaptations, such as lowered core temperature, reduced heart rate and increased sweat rate at a given intensity. For deployments of special units at short notice (< 1 day) it might be optimal to use heat re-acclimation to maintain an elevated baseline of heat tolerance for long periods in anticipation of such an event. Methods practical for military groups are yet to be fully understood, therefore further investigation into the effectiveness of HA methods is required to establish the most effective and feasible approach to implement them within military groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Tom Ashworth
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, 17 Antares Place, Rosedale, Auckland, 0632 New Zealand
| | - James David Cotter
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago 9016 New Zealand
| | - Andrew Edward Kilding
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, 17 Antares Place, Rosedale, Auckland, 0632 New Zealand
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Meade RD, Akerman AP, Notley SR, McGinn R, Poirier P, Gosselin P, Kenny GP. Physiological factors characterizing heat-vulnerable older adults: A narrative review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:105909. [PMID: 32919284 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
More frequent and intense periods of extreme heat (heatwaves) represent the most direct challenge to human health posed by climate change. Older adults are particularly vulnerable, especially those with common age-associated chronic health conditions (e.g., cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease). In parallel, the global population is aging and age-associated disease rates are on the rise. Impairments in the physiological responses tasked with maintaining homeostasis during heat exposure have long been thought to contribute to increased risk of health disorders in older adults during heatwaves. As such, a comprehensive overview of the provisional links between age-related physiological dysfunction and elevated risk of heat-related injury in older adults would be of great value to healthcare officials and policy makers concerned with protecting heat-vulnerable sectors of the population from the adverse health impacts of heatwaves. In this narrative review, we therefore summarize our current understanding of the physiological mechanisms by which aging impairs the regulation of body temperature, hemodynamic stability and hydration status. We then examine how these impairments may contribute to acute pathophysiological events common during heatwaves (e.g., heatstroke, major adverse cardiovascular events, acute kidney injury) and discuss how age-associated chronic health conditions may exacerbate those impairments. Finally, we briefly consider the importance of physiological research in the development of climate-health programs aimed at protecting heat-vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Meade
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley P Akerman
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean R Notley
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan McGinn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Gosselin
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec and Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Swanson RM, Tait RG, Galles BM, Duffy EM, Schmidt TB, Petersen JL, Yates DT. Heat stress-induced deficits in growth, metabolic efficiency, and cardiovascular function coincided with chronic systemic inflammation and hypercatecholaminemia in ractopamine-supplemented feedlot lambs. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5840746. [PMID: 32428228 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress hinders growth and well-being in livestock, an effect that is perhaps exacerbated by the β1 agonist ractopamine. Heat stress deficits are mediated in part by reduced feed intake, but other mechanisms involved are less understood. Our objective was to determine the direct impact of heat stress on growth and well-being in ractopamine-supplemented feedlot lambs. Commercial wethers were fed under heat stress (40 °C) for 30 d, and controls (18 °C) were pair-fed. In a 2 × 2 factorial, lambs were also given a daily gavage of 0 or 60 mg ractopamine. Growth, metabolic, cardiovascular, and stress indicators were assessed throughout the study. At necropsy, 9th to 12th rib sections (four-rib), internal organs, and feet were assessed, and sartorius muscles were collected for ex vivo glucose metabolic studies. Heat stress increased (P < 0.05) rectal temperatures and respiration rates throughout the study and reduced (P < 0.05) weight gain and feed efficiency over the first week, ultrasonic loin-eye area and loin depth near the end of the study, and four-rib weight at necropsy. Fat content of the four-rib and loin were also reduced (P < 0.05) by heat stress. Ractopamine increased (P < 0.05) loin weight and fat content and partially moderated the impact of heat stress on rectal temperature and four-rib weight. Heat stress reduced (P < 0.05) spleen weight, increased (P < 0.05) adrenal and lung weights, and was associated with hoof wall overgrowth but not organ lesions. Ractopamine did not affect any measured indicators of well-being. Heat stress reduced (P < 0.05) blood urea nitrogen and increased (P < 0.05) circulating monocytes, granulocytes, and total white blood cells as well as epinephrine, TNFα, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Cortisol and insulin were not affected. Heat stress reduced (P < 0.05) blood pressure and heart rates in all lambs and increased (P < 0.05) left ventricular wall thickness in unsupplemented but not ractopamine-supplemented lambs. No cardiac arrhythmias were observed. Muscle glucose uptake did not differ among groups, but insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation was reduced (P < 0.05) in muscle from heat-stressed lambs. These findings demonstrate that heat stress impairs growth, metabolism, and well-being even when the impact of feed intake is eliminated by pair-feeding and that systemic inflammation and hypercatecholaminemia likely contribute to these deficits. Moreover, ractopamine improved muscle growth indicators without worsening the effects of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Richard G Tait
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Neogen GeneSeek, Lincoln, NE
| | - Beth M Galles
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Erin M Duffy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Ty B Schmidt
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Jessica L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Dustin T Yates
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
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Trachsel LD, Barry H, Gravel H, Behzadi P, Henri C, Gagnon D. Cardiac function during heat stress: impact of short-term passive heat acclimation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H753-H764. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00407.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A lower heart rate during heat exposure is a classic marker of heat acclimation (HA). It remains unknown if improved cardiac function contributes to this response. A 7-day passive HA protocol did not alter cardiac systolic function during passive heating, whereas it improved some indexes of diastolic function in young adults. Nonetheless, heart rate during heating was unaffected by HA. These results suggest that passive HA induces limited adaptations in cardiac function during passive heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas D. Trachsel
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- University Clinic for Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hadiatou Barry
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hugo Gravel
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Parya Behzadi
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christine Henri
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniel Gagnon
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics and Exercise Science, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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36
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Duffy EM, Wilson HC, Schmidt TB, Yates DT, Petersen JL. Effect of environmental temperature and β-adrenergic agonist supplementation on rumen volatile fatty acid production in sheep. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 3:1744-1748. [PMID: 32704946 PMCID: PMC6999178 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Duffy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Hannah C Wilson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Ty B Schmidt
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Dustin T Yates
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Jessica L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
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37
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Ravanelli N, Barry H, Schlader ZJ, Gagnon D. Impact of passive heat acclimation on markers of kidney function during heat stress. Exp Physiol 2020; 106:269-281. [PMID: 32495481 DOI: 10.1113/ep088637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does passive heat acclimation alter glomerular filtration rate and urine-concentrating ability in response to passive heat stress? What is the main finding and its importance? Glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged after passive heat stress, and heat acclimation did not alter this response. However, heat acclimation mitigated the reduction in urine-concentrating ability and reduced the incidence of albuminuria in young healthy adults after passive heat stress. Collectively, these results suggest that passive heat acclimation might improve structural integrity and reduce glomerular permeability during passive heat stress. ABSTRACT Little is known about the effect of heat acclimation on kidney function during heat stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of passive heat stress and subsequent passive heat acclimation on markers of kidney function. Twelve healthy adults (seven men and five women; 26 ± 5 years of age; 72.7 ± 8.6 kg; 172.4 ± 7.5 cm) underwent passive heat stress before and after a 7 day controlled hyperthermia heat acclimation protocol. The impact of passive heat exposure on urine and serum markers of kidney function was evaluated before and after heat acclimation. Glomerular filtration rate, determined from creatinine clearance, was unchanged with passive heat stress before (pre, 133 ± 41 ml min-1 ; post, 127 ± 51 ml min-1 ; P = 0.99) and after (pre, 129 ± 46 ml min-1 ; post, 130 ± 36 ml min-1 ; P = 0.99) heat acclimation. The urine-to-serum osmolality ratio was reduced after passive heating (P < 0.01), but heat acclimation did not alter this response. In comparison to baseline, free water clearance was greater after passive heating before (pre, -0.86 ± 0.67 ml min-1 ; post, 0.40 ± 1.01 ml min-1 ; P < 0.01) but not after (pre, -0.16 ± 0.57 ml min-1 ; post, 0.76 ± 1.2 ml min-1 ; P = 0.11) heat acclimation. Furthermore, passive heating increased the fractional excretion rate of potassium (P < 0.03) but not sodium (P = 0.13) or chloride (P = 0.20). Lastly, heat acclimation reduced the fractional incidence of albuminuria after passive heating (before, 58 ± 51%; after, 8 ± 29%; P = 0.03). Collectively, these results demonstrate that passive heat stress does not alter the glomerular filtration rate. However, heat acclimation might improve urine-concentrating ability and filtration within the glomerulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ravanelli
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hadiatou Barry
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zachary J Schlader
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Daniel Gagnon
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Abstract
People undertaking prolonged vigorous exercise experience substantial bodily fluid losses due to thermoregulatory sweating. If these fluid losses are not replaced, endurance capacity may be impaired in association with a myriad of alterations in physiological function, including hyperthermia, hyperventilation, cardiovascular strain with reductions in brain, skeletal muscle and skin blood perfusion, greater reliance on muscle glycogen and cellular metabolism, alterations in neural activity and, in some conditions, compromised muscle metabolism and aerobic capacity. The physiological strain accompanying progressive exercise-induced dehydration to a level of ~ 4% of body mass loss can be attenuated or even prevented by: (1) ingesting fluids during exercise, (2) exercising in cold environments, and/or (3) working at intensities that require a small fraction of the overall body functional capacity. The impact of dehydration upon physiological function therefore depends on the functional demand evoked by exercise and environmental stress, as cardiac output, limb blood perfusion and muscle metabolism are stable or increase during small muscle mass exercise or resting conditions, but are impaired during whole-body moderate to intense exercise. Progressive dehydration is also associated with an accelerated drop in perfusion and oxygen supply to the human brain during submaximal and maximal endurance exercise. Yet their consequences on aerobic metabolism are greater in the exercising muscles because of the much smaller functional oxygen extraction reserve. This review describes how dehydration differentially impacts physiological function during exercise requiring low compared to high functional demand, with an emphasis on the responses of the human brain, heart and skeletal muscles.
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39
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Qian S, Yan S, Zhou C, Shi Z, Wang Z, Xiong Y, Zhou Y. Resting-state brain activity predicts selective attention deficits during hyperthermia exposure. Int J Hyperthermia 2020; 37:220-230. [PMID: 32126849 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1735536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Environmental hyperthermia exerts detrimental effect on attention performance that might increase the probability of accidents for high risk occupation. Previously, we reported aberrant activations and selective attention deficits under task performing during hyperthermia. However, whether resting-state baseline during hyperthermia would contribute to the reported selective attention deficits remains unclear.Materials and methods: Here, we investigated the resting-state activity within two attention subsystems named dorsal attention network (DAN) and ventral attention network (VAN) using the conjoint analysis of functional connectivity (FC) and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF). Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) and 3 D arterial spin labeling data were obtained from 25 healthy male participants under two simulated thermal conditions: normothermic (25 °C for 1 h) and hyperthermic condition (50 °C for 1 h).Results: Paired comparisons on the FC and CBF showed decreased activity in the bilateral frontal eye field (FEF) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in the DAN but increased activity in the ventral frontal cortex (VFC) in the VAN. The CBF-FC correlation analysis further confirmed decreased CBF-FC coupling in the bilateral FEF in the DAN and increased coupling in the VFC in the VAN. Additionally, the left IPS and FEF in the DAN showed altered CBF per unit functional connectivity in the CBF/FC ratio analysis. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the selectively altered performances were predicted by alterations of the multiple metrics within the DAN and VAN.Conclusions: These findings suggested that altered resting-state brain activity within the attention networks might provide potential neural basis of the selective deficits for different cognitive-demand attention tasks under hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Qian
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqun Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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40
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Trotter CE, Tourula E, Pizzey FK, Batterson PM, Jacobs RA, Pearson J. High‐intensity interval exercise reduces tolerance to a simulated haemorrhagic challenge in heat‐stressed individuals. Exp Physiol 2020; 106:212-221. [DOI: 10.1113/ep088377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Trotter
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Colorado Springs CO USA
- Department of Applied Physiology and Wellness Southern Methodist University Dallas TX USA
| | - Erica Tourula
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Colorado Springs CO USA
| | - Faith K. Pizzey
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Colorado Springs CO USA
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Philip M. Batterson
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Colorado Springs CO USA
- College of Biological and Population Health Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA
| | - Robert A. Jacobs
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Colorado Springs CO USA
| | - James Pearson
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Colorado Springs CO USA
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41
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Swanson RM, Beede KA, Freeman MD, Eggleston ML, Schmidt TB, Petersen JL, Yates DT. Ractopamine HCl improved cardiac hypertrophy but not poor growth, metabolic inefficiency, or greater white blood cells associated with heat stress in concentrate-fed lambs. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 3:1786-1791. [PMID: 31867572 PMCID: PMC6912170 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Kristin A Beede
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Micayla D Freeman
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Morgan L Eggleston
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Ty B Schmidt
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Jessica L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Dustin T Yates
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
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42
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Tai Y, Saeki K, Yamagami Y, Yoshimoto K, Kurumatani N, Nishio K, Obayashi K. Association between timing of hot water bathing before bedtime and night-/sleep-time blood pressure and dipping in the elderly: a longitudinal analysis for repeated measurements in home settings. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1714-1722. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1675685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tai
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamagami
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Yoshimoto
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Nishio
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Obayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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Rivas E, Crandall CG, Suman OE, Moustaid-Moussa N, Ben-Ezra V. Exercise heat acclimation causes post-exercise hypotension and favorable improvements in lipid and immune profiles: A crossover randomized controlled trial. J Therm Biol 2019; 84:266-273. [PMID: 31466764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Passive hyperthermic exposure causes an acute hypotensive response following the cessation of heat stress. Chronic heat stress is well documented in animal studies to instigate metabolic and lipid alterations. However, it is unknown if exercise-heat acclimation also causes favorable chronic blood pressure, lipid, and immune responses in humans. PURPOSE This project tested the hypothesis that 10-day exercise-heat acclimation (HA) would cause greater post-exercise reductions in arterial blood pressure and favorable metabolic, lipid, and immune responses compared to 10-day exercise under neutral conditions (CON). METHODS Thirteen healthy sedentary participants (8M/5F, 28 ± 6y, 78 ± 17 kg), completed a 10-day (90 min/day exercise bout) clamped hyperthermia HA (increase internal temperature 1.5 °C, in 42 °C, 28% Rh) and control (CON: 23 °C, 42% Rh) protocols in a counterbalanced design with a 2 month washout. Pre- and post-exercise HA/CON blood pressures were taken 1-h post-exercise on exercise days 1 and 10. Metabolic, lipid and immune panels were taken pre-post HA/CON. RESULTS Exercise under heat stress had greater post-exercise hypotension (systolic; -6 mmHg, diastolic; -8 mmHg; and mean arterial pressure; -7 mmHg) on both days 1 and 10 compared to exercise under neutral conditions (main effect for condition, P ≤ 0.004). Only from pre-to-post HA, total cholesterol (168 ± 19 to 157 ± 15; P < 0.03) and triglycerides (137 ± 45 to 111 ± 30; P < 0.03) were reduced, while absolute lymphocytes (-26%), monocytes (-22%), and basophils (-49%) significantly decreased (each P ≤ 0.04). Relative values of neutrophils increased (18%) and lymphocytes decreased (-20%) only after HA (P ≤ 0.04). CONCLUSION These data indicate that exercise in the heat (regardless of acclimation status) causes a profound post-exercise hypotensive response, while HA causes favorable lipid, and immune profile changes. Further examination of exercise-heat acclimation on vascular, metabolic, and immune responses will offer insight for benefits in other clinical populations with vascular, metabolic and immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rivas
- Exercise & Thermal Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Craig G Crandall
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Oscar E Suman
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Vic Ben-Ezra
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
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Crandall CG, Rickards CA, Johnson BD. Impact of environmental stressors on tolerance to hemorrhage in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 316:R88-R100. [PMID: 30517019 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00235.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in military and civilian settings, and ~85% of potentially survivable battlefield deaths are hemorrhage-related. Soldiers and civilians are exposed to a number of environmental and physiological conditions that have the potential to alter tolerance to a hemorrhagic insult. The objective of this review is to summarize the known impact of commonly encountered environmental and physiological conditions on tolerance to hemorrhagic insult, primarily in humans. The majority of the studies used lower body negative pressure (LBNP) to simulate a hemorrhagic insult, although some studies employed incremental blood withdrawal. This review addresses, first, the use of LBNP as a model of hemorrhage-induced central hypovolemia and, then, the effects of the following conditions on tolerance to LBNP: passive and exercise-induced heat stress with and without hypohydration/dehydration, exposure to hypothermia, and exposure to altitude/hypoxia. An understanding of the effects of these environmental and physiological conditions on responses to a hemorrhagic challenge, including tolerance, can enable development and implementation of targeted strategies and interventions to reduce the impact of such conditions on tolerance to a hemorrhagic insult and, ultimately, improve survival from blood loss injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig G Crandall
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Caroline A Rickards
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Blair D Johnson
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York
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Laukkanen T, Kunutsor SK, Khan H, Willeit P, Zaccardi F, Laukkanen JA. Sauna bathing is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality and improves risk prediction in men and women: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2018; 16:219. [PMID: 30486813 PMCID: PMC6262976 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence indicates that sauna bathing is related to a reduced risk of fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in men. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sauna habits and CVD mortality in men and women, and whether adding information on sauna habits to conventional cardiovascular risk factors is associated with improvement in prediction of CVD mortality risk. METHODS Sauna bathing habits were assessed at baseline in a sample of 1688 participants (mean age 63; range 53-74 years), of whom 51.4% were women. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated to investigate the relationships of frequency and duration of sauna use with CVD mortality. RESULTS A total of 181 fatal CVD events occurred during a median follow-up of 15.0 years (interquartile range, 14.1-15.9). The risk of CVD mortality decreased linearly with increasing sauna sessions per week with no threshold effect. In age- and sex-adjusted analysis, compared with participants who had one sauna bathing session per week, HRs (95% CIs) for CVD mortality were 0.71 (0.52 to 0.98) and 0.30 (0.14 to 0.64) for participants with two to three and four to seven sauna sessions per week, respectively. After adjustment for established CVD risk factors, potential confounders including physical activity, socioeconomic status, and incident coronary heart disease, the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) were 0.75 (0.52 to 1.08) and 0.23 (0.08 to 0.65), respectively. The duration of sauna use (minutes per week) was inversely associated with CVD mortality in a continuous manner. Addition of information on sauna bathing frequency to a CVD mortality risk prediction model containing established risk factors was associated with a C-index change (0.0091; P = 0.010), difference in - 2 log likelihood (P = 0.019), and categorical net reclassification improvement (4.14%; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Higher frequency and duration of sauna bathing are each strongly, inversely, and independently associated with fatal CVD events in middle-aged to elderly males and females. The frequency of sauna bathing improves the prediction of the long-term risk for CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjaniina Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Setor K Kunutsor
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building (Level 1), Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Hassan Khan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland. .,Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland. .,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Rozenbaum Z, Topilsky Y, Khoury S, Assi M, Balchyunayte A, Laufer-Perl M, Berliner S, Pereg D, Entin-Meer M, Havakuk O. Relationship between climate and hemodynamics according to echocardiography. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 126:322-329. [PMID: 30462569 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00519.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies performed in controlled laboratory conditions have shown that environmental thermal application may induce various circulatory changes. We aimed to demonstrate the effect of local climate on hemodynamics according to echocardiography. Echocardiographic studies conducted in ambulatory patients, 18 yr of age or older, between January 2012 and July 2016, at our medical center, for whom climate data on the day of the echocardiogram study were available, were retrospectively included in case climate data. Discomfort index, apparent temperature, temperature-humidity index, and thermal index were computed. Echocardiograms conducted in hotter months (June-November) were compared with those done in colder months (December-May). The cohort consisted of 11,348 individuals, 46.2% women, and mean age of 57.9 ± 18.1 yr. Climate indexes correlated directly with stroke volume ( r = 0.039) and e' (lateral r = 0.047; septal r = 0.038), and inversely with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP; r = -0.038) (all P values < 0.05). After adjustment for age and sex, echocardiograms conducted during June-November had a lower chance to show e' septal < 7 cm/s (odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.78-0.98, P = 0.017) and SPAP > 40 mmHg (odds ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.67-0.99, P = 0.04) compared with those conducted in other months. The authors concluded that climate may affect hemodynamics, according to echocardiographic assessment in ambulatory patients. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we examined 11,348 individuals who underwent ambulatory echocardiography. Analyses of the echocardiographic studies demonstrated that environmental thermal stress, i.e., climate, may affect hemodynamics. Most notably were the effects on diastolic function. Higher values of mitral e', stroke volume, as well as ejection fraction, and lower values of systolic pulmonary artery pressure and tricuspid regurgitation were demonstrated on hotter days and seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Rozenbaum
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Yan Topilsky
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Shafik Khoury
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Milwidsky Assi
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Asta Balchyunayte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Michal Laufer-Perl
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Shlomo Berliner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - David Pereg
- Department of Cardiology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Michal Entin-Meer
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Ofer Havakuk
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
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Dhahbi W, Sellami M, Chaouachi A, Padulo J, Milic M, Mekki I, Chamari K. Seasonal weather conditions affect training program efficiency and physical performance among special forces trainees: A long-term follow-up study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206088. [PMID: 30335826 PMCID: PMC6193725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to follow-up the effect of specific commandos' training-cycles (SCTCs) on upper-body strength resistance and running endurance performance, as well as determine whether variation in seasonal parameters has any effect on physical performance. Fourteen SCTCs were held over eight years, involving 466 participants. Participants were assigned to four subgroups according to their distribution over the seasons: summer (n = 124), autumn (n = 145), winter (n = 52) and spring (n = 145). Before and after each SCTC, four tests (maximal pull-up, push-up and sit-up repetitions in 70-seconds for muscle strength resistance) and a 5-km cross-country run (endurance) were performed. Seasonal data were continuously recorded during all SCTCs. Body mass decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all groups following SCTCs. These training-cycles induced a significant increase (p<0.05) in the 70-seconds push-ups, pull-ups and sit-ups and a decrease (p<0.01) in the 5-km cross-country running time among all trainees. The main effect of the season was present in all tests (p<0.01). With regard to the percentage of changes, the results from the 70-seconds push-up, pull-up and sit-up tests were significantly higher in winter and spring (p<0.01) compared with the two other seasons, while 5-km cross-country performance improvements were significantly higher (p<0.01) in spring and summer, compared to the two other seasons. In summary,14-week of SCTCs improved upper-body strength resistance and running endurance performance in the commandos. Improvements in strength resistance performance were greater during cool weather (winter and spring), while improvements in running endurance performance were higher during hotter (spring and summer) seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissem Dhahbi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimisation”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- Qatar Police College, Training Department, Doha, Qatar
- Tunisian National Guard Commandos School, Oued Zarga, Tunisia
- University of Qatar, College of Arts and Sciences (Qu-CAS), Sport Science Program (SSP), Doha, Qatar
| | - Maha Sellami
- University of Qatar, College of Arts and Sciences (Qu-CAS), Sport Science Program (SSP), Doha, Qatar
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimisation”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimisation”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- University eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Milic
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
| | - Imed Mekki
- Tunisian National Guard Commandos School, Oued Zarga, Tunisia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Malhari AA, Bhattacharyya D, Arya K, Chatterjee T, Pal M. Assessment of vibration exposure and physiological responses of crew members during Infantry Combat Vehicle (ICV) operation: a pilot study. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2018; 165:152-158. [PMID: 30317216 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2018-001022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Operation of infantry combat vehicle (ICV) influences the cardiorespiratory responses as well as the risk of vibration exposure on the crew members which adversely affect their performance and health. AIM To assess the effect of stress factors, that is, ICV's compartmental temperature, relative humidity (RH) and vehicular vibration on the physiological parameters (heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (RF), estimated core body temperature (ECT)) of the crew members during the ICV operation. METHODS A 1 hour run trial of the ICV operation was conducted with its crew members at their respective positions. Compartmental temperature and RH were monitored at an interval of every 15 min during the run trial. Physiological parameters were monitored continuously during the run trial. Whole body vibration (WBV) and hand-arm vibration (HAV) of the crew members were also measured during the run trial time. RESULTS The findings showed a strong positive correlation (p<0.05) between the increasing compartmental temperature and RH with its run trial time. Significant changes were observed in the physiological parameters (p<0.05) along with the increasing run trial time. Additionally, the physiological parameters showed a strong positive correlation with compartmental temperature and RH, respectively (p<0.05). Also, a significant increase (p<0.05) in the muscle strength was recorded after their exposure to ICV operation. The study also confirmed high level of WBV exposure of the crew members during the ICV operation. CONCLUSION Increase in HR, RF and ECT along with increase in temperature and RH is a predictive indicator of physiological stress. Moreover, high levels of vibration exposure of various operations may bring deleterious effect on soldiers' health as well as their performance. Proper ergonomic intervention can reduce exposure to vibration, physiological stress and increase comfort which may ultimately ensure an optimum performance of soldiers and successful completion of mission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana A Malhari
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - D Bhattacharyya
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - K Arya
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - T Chatterjee
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - M Pal
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Delhi-110054, India
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Huang M, Brothers RM, Ganio MS, Lucas RAI, Cramer MN, Moralez G, Convertino VA, Crandall CG. Tolerance to a haemorrhagic challenge during heat stress is improved with inspiratory resistance breathing. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1243-1250. [PMID: 29947436 PMCID: PMC6119106 DOI: 10.1113/ep087102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does inspiratory resistance breathing improve tolerance to simulated haemorrhage in individuals with elevated internal temperatures? What is the main finding and its importance? The main finding of this study is that inspiratory resistance breathing modestly improves tolerance to a simulated progressive haemorrhagic challenge during heat stress. These findings demonstrate a scenario in which exploitation of the respiratory pump can ameliorate serious conditions related to systemic hypotension. ABSTRACT Heat exposure impairs human blood pressure control and markedly reduces tolerance to a simulated haemorrhagic challenge. Inspiratory resistance breathing enhances blood pressure control and improves tolerance during simulated haemorrhage in normothermic individuals. However, it is unknown whether similar improvements occur with this manoeuvre in heat stress conditions. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that inspiratory resistance breathing improves tolerance to simulated haemorrhage in individuals with elevated internal temperatures. On two separate days, eight subjects performed a simulated haemorrhage challenge [lower-body negative pressure (LBNP)] to presyncope after an increase in internal temperature of 1.3 ± 0.1°C. During one trial, subjects breathed through an inspiratory impedance device set at 0 cmH2 O of resistance (Sham), whereas on a subsequent day the device was set at -7 cmH2 O of resistance (ITD). Tolerance was quantified as the cumulative stress index. Subjects were more tolerant to the LBNP challenge during the ITD protocol, as indicated by a > 30% larger cumulative stress index (Sham, 520 ± 306 mmHg min; ITD, 682 ± 324 mmHg min; P < 0.01). These data indicate that inspiratory resistance breathing modestly improves tolerance to a simulated progressive haemorrhagic challenge during heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Huang
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Health Care Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - R Matthew Brothers
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas, Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Rebekah A I Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthew N Cramer
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gilbert Moralez
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Craig G Crandall
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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50
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Trotter CE, Pizzey FK, Batterson PM, Jacobs RA, Pearson J. Small reductions in skin temperature after onset of a simulated hemorrhagic challenge improve tolerance in exercise heat-stressed individuals. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R539-R546. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00182.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether small reductions in skin temperature 60 s after the onset of a simulated hemorrhagic challenge would improve tolerance to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) after exercise heat stress. Eleven healthy subjects completed two trials (High and Reduced). Subjects cycled at ~55% maximal oxygen uptake wearing a warm water-perfused suit until core temperatures increased by ~1.2°C before lying supine and undergoing LBNP to presyncope. LBNP tolerance was quantified as cumulative stress index (CSI; product of each LBNP level multiplied by time; mmHg·min). Skin temperature was similarly elevated from baseline before LBNP and remained elevated 60 s after the onset of LBNP in both High (37.72 ± 0.52°C) and Reduced (37.95 ± 0.54°C) trials (both P < 0.0001). At 60%CSI skin temperature remained elevated in the High trial (37.51 ± 0.56°C) but was reduced to 34.97 ± 0.72°C by the water-perfused suit in the Reduced trial ( P < 0.0001 between trials). Cutaneous vascular conductance was not different between trials [High: 1.57 ± 0.43 vs. Reduced: 1.39 ± 0.38 arbitrary units (AU)/mmHg; P = 0.367] before LBNP but decreased to 0.67 ± 0.19 AU/mmHg at 60%CSI in the Reduced trial while remaining unchanged in the High trial ( P = 0.002 between trials). CSI was higher in the Reduced (695 ± 386 mmHg·min) relative to the High (441 ± 290 mmHg·min; P = 0.023) trial. Mean arterial pressure was not different between trials at presyncope (High: 62 ± 10 vs. Reduced: 62 ± 9 mmHg; P = 0.958). Small reductions in skin temperature after the onset of a simulated hemorrhagic challenge improve LBNP tolerance after exercise heat stress. This may have important implications regarding treatment of an exercise heat-stressed individual (e.g., soldier) who has experienced a hemorrhagic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Trotter
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - Faith K. Pizzey
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - Philip M. Batterson
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - Robert A. Jacobs
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - James Pearson
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado
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